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Ma Y, Jiang Z, Pan L, Zhou Y, Xia R, Liu Z, Yuan L. Current development of molecular classifications of gastric cancer based on omics (Review). Int J Oncol 2024; 65:89. [PMID: 39092559 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2024.5677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2024] [Accepted: 07/23/2024] [Indexed: 08/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Gastric cancer (GC) is a complex and heterogeneous disease with significant phenotypic and genetic variation. Traditional classification systems rely mainly on the evaluation of clinical pathological features and conventional biomarkers and might not capture the diverse clinical processes of individual GCs. The latest discoveries in omics technologies such as next‑generation sequencing, proteomics and metabolomics have provided crucial insights into potential genetic alterations and biological events in GC. Clustering strategies for identifying subtypes of GC might offer new tools for improving GC treatment and clinical trial outcomes by enabling the development of therapies tailored to specific subtypes. However, the feasibility and therapeutic significance of implementing molecular classifications of GC in clinical practice need to addressed. The present review examines the current molecular classifications, delineates the prevailing landscape of clinically relevant molecular features, analyzes their correlations with traditional GC classifications, and discusses potential clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yubo Ma
- The Second Clinical Medical College of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310053, P.R. China
| | - Zhengchen Jiang
- Department of Gastric Surgery, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou Institute of Medicine (HIM), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310022, P.R. China
| | - Libin Pan
- Department of Pharmacy, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Institute of Basic Medicine and Cancer (IBMC), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310005, P.R. China
| | - Ying Zhou
- Department of Pharmacy, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Institute of Basic Medicine and Cancer (IBMC), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310005, P.R. China
| | - Ruihong Xia
- The Second Clinical Medical College of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310053, P.R. China
| | - Zhuo Liu
- Department of Gastric Surgery, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou Institute of Medicine (HIM), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310022, P.R. China
| | - Li Yuan
- Zhejiang Key Lab of Prevention, Diagnosis and Therapy of Upper Gastrointestinal Cancer, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310022, P.R. China
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Chong X, Madeti Y, Cai J, Li W, Cong L, Lu J, Mo L, Liu H, He S, Yu C, Zhou Z, Wang B, Cao Y, Wang Z, Shen L, Wang Y, Zhang X. Recent developments in immunotherapy for gastrointestinal tract cancers. J Hematol Oncol 2024; 17:65. [PMID: 39123202 DOI: 10.1186/s13045-024-01578-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2024] [Accepted: 07/18/2024] [Indexed: 08/12/2024] Open
Abstract
The past few decades have witnessed the rise of immunotherapy for Gastrointestinal (GI) tract cancers. The role of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs), particularly programmed death protein 1 (PD-1) and PD ligand-1 antibodies, has become increasingly pivotal in the treatment of advanced and perioperative GI tract cancers. Currently, anti-PD-1 plus chemotherapy is considered as first-line regimen for unselected advanced gastric/gastroesophageal junction adenocarcinoma (G/GEJC), mismatch repair deficient (dMMR)/microsatellite instability-high (MSI-H) colorectal cancer (CRC), and advanced esophageal cancer (EC). In addition, the encouraging performance of claudin18.2-redirected chimeric antigen receptor T-cell (CAR-T) therapy in later-line GI tract cancers brings new hope for cell therapy in solid tumour treatment. Nevertheless, immunotherapy for GI tumour remains yet precise, and researchers are dedicated to further maximising and optimising the efficacy. This review summarises the important research, latest progress, and future directions of immunotherapy for GI tract cancers including EC, G/GEJC, and CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyi Chong
- Department of Gastrointestinal Oncology, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Peking University Cancer Hospital and Institute, 52 Fucheng Road, Hai-Dian District, Beijing, 100142, China
| | - Yelizhati Madeti
- Department of Gastrointestinal Oncology, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Peking University Cancer Hospital and Institute, 52 Fucheng Road, Hai-Dian District, Beijing, 100142, China
| | - Jieyuan Cai
- Department of Gastrointestinal Oncology, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Peking University Cancer Hospital and Institute, 52 Fucheng Road, Hai-Dian District, Beijing, 100142, China
| | - Wenfei Li
- Department of Gastrointestinal Oncology, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Peking University Cancer Hospital and Institute, 52 Fucheng Road, Hai-Dian District, Beijing, 100142, China
| | - Lin Cong
- Department of Gastrointestinal Oncology, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Peking University Cancer Hospital and Institute, 52 Fucheng Road, Hai-Dian District, Beijing, 100142, China
| | - Jialin Lu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Oncology, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Peking University Cancer Hospital and Institute, 52 Fucheng Road, Hai-Dian District, Beijing, 100142, China
| | - Liyang Mo
- Department of Gastrointestinal Oncology, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Peking University Cancer Hospital and Institute, 52 Fucheng Road, Hai-Dian District, Beijing, 100142, China
| | - Huizhen Liu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Oncology, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Peking University Cancer Hospital and Institute, 52 Fucheng Road, Hai-Dian District, Beijing, 100142, China
| | - Siyi He
- Department of Gastrointestinal Oncology, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Peking University Cancer Hospital and Institute, 52 Fucheng Road, Hai-Dian District, Beijing, 100142, China
| | - Chao Yu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Oncology, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Peking University Cancer Hospital and Institute, 52 Fucheng Road, Hai-Dian District, Beijing, 100142, China
| | - Zhiruo Zhou
- Department of Gastrointestinal Oncology, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Peking University Cancer Hospital and Institute, 52 Fucheng Road, Hai-Dian District, Beijing, 100142, China
| | - Boya Wang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Oncology, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Peking University Cancer Hospital and Institute, 52 Fucheng Road, Hai-Dian District, Beijing, 100142, China
| | - Yanshuo Cao
- Department of Gastrointestinal Oncology, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Peking University Cancer Hospital and Institute, 52 Fucheng Road, Hai-Dian District, Beijing, 100142, China
| | - Zhenghang Wang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Oncology, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Peking University Cancer Hospital and Institute, 52 Fucheng Road, Hai-Dian District, Beijing, 100142, China
| | - Lin Shen
- Department of Gastrointestinal Oncology, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Peking University Cancer Hospital and Institute, 52 Fucheng Road, Hai-Dian District, Beijing, 100142, China
- State Key Laboratory of Holistic Integrative Management of Gastrointestinal Cancers, Beijing Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research, Department of Gastrointestinal Oncology, Peking University Cancer Hospital and Institute, Beijing, 100142, China
| | - Yakun Wang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Oncology, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Peking University Cancer Hospital and Institute, 52 Fucheng Road, Hai-Dian District, Beijing, 100142, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Holistic Integrative Management of Gastrointestinal Cancers, Beijing Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research, Department of Gastrointestinal Oncology, Peking University Cancer Hospital and Institute, Beijing, 100142, China.
| | - Xiaotian Zhang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Oncology, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Peking University Cancer Hospital and Institute, 52 Fucheng Road, Hai-Dian District, Beijing, 100142, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Holistic Integrative Management of Gastrointestinal Cancers, Beijing Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research, Department of Gastrointestinal Oncology, Peking University Cancer Hospital and Institute, Beijing, 100142, China.
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Wang R, Chen XZ. Comment on "Infectious pathogens and risk of esophageal, gastric and duodenal cancers and ulcers in China: A case-cohort study". Int J Cancer 2024; 155:184-185. [PMID: 38396338 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.34889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2023] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Rui Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Nursing Section, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xin-Zu Chen
- Gastric Cancer Center & Gastric Cancer Laboratory, Department of General Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Ya'an Cancer Prevention and Control Center, Ya'an People's Hospital - West China Ya'an Hospital, Sichuan University, Ya'an, China
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Bintintan V, Burz C, Pintea I, Muntean A, Deleanu D, Lupan I, Samasca G. Predictive Factors of Immunotherapy in Gastric Cancer: A 2024 Update. Diagnostics (Basel) 2024; 14:1247. [PMID: 38928662 PMCID: PMC11202567 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics14121247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2024] [Revised: 06/11/2024] [Accepted: 06/11/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Many studies on gastric cancer treatment have identified predictors of immunotherapy benefits. This article provides an update on the major developments in research related to predictive factors of immunotherapy for gastric cancer. We used the search term "predictive factors, immunotherapy, gastric cancer" to find the most current publications in the PubMed database related to predictive factors of immunotherapy in gastric cancer. Programmed cell death, genetic, and immunological factors are the main study topics of immunotherapy's predictive factors in gastric cancer. Other preventive factors for immunotherapy in gastric cancer were also found, including clinical factors, tumor microenvironment factors, imaging factors, and extracellular factors. Since there is currently no effective treatment for gastric cancer, we strongly propose that these studies be prioritized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vasile Bintintan
- Department of Surgery 1, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400006 Cluj-Napoca, Romania;
| | - Claudia Burz
- Institute of Oncology, “Prof. Ion Chiricuta”, 400015 Cluj-Napoca, Romania;
- Department of Immunology, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400006 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (I.P.); (A.M.); (D.D.)
| | - Irena Pintea
- Department of Immunology, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400006 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (I.P.); (A.M.); (D.D.)
| | - Adriana Muntean
- Department of Immunology, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400006 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (I.P.); (A.M.); (D.D.)
| | - Diana Deleanu
- Department of Immunology, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400006 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (I.P.); (A.M.); (D.D.)
| | - Iulia Lupan
- Department of Molecular Biology, Babes-Bolyai University, 400084 Cluj-Napoca, Romania;
| | - Gabriel Samasca
- Department of Immunology, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400006 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (I.P.); (A.M.); (D.D.)
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Qin S, Xie B, Wang Q, Yang R, Sun J, Hu C, Liu S, Tao Y, Xiao D. New insights into immune cells in cancer immunotherapy: from epigenetic modification, metabolic modulation to cell communication. MedComm (Beijing) 2024; 5:e551. [PMID: 38783893 PMCID: PMC11112485 DOI: 10.1002/mco2.551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2023] [Revised: 03/24/2024] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Cancer is one of the leading causes of death worldwide, and more effective ways of attacking cancer are being sought. Cancer immunotherapy is a new and effective therapeutic method after surgery, radiotherapy, chemotherapy, and targeted therapy. Cancer immunotherapy aims to kill tumor cells by stimulating or rebuilding the body's immune system, with specific efficiency and high safety. However, only few tumor patients respond to immunotherapy and due to the complex and variable characters of cancer immune escape, the behavior and regulatory mechanisms of immune cells need to be deeply explored from more dimensions. Epigenetic modifications, metabolic modulation, and cell-to-cell communication are key factors in immune cell adaptation and response to the complex tumor microenvironment. They collectively determine the state and function of immune cells through modulating gene expression, changing in energy and nutrient demands. In addition, immune cells engage in complex communication networks with other immune components, which are mediated by exosomes, cytokines, and chemokines, and are pivotal in shaping the tumor progression and therapeutic response. Understanding the interactions and combined effects of such multidimensions mechanisms in immune cell modulation is important for revealing the mechanisms of immunotherapy failure and developing new therapeutic targets and strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sha Qin
- Department of PathologyXiangya HospitalCentral South UniversityChangshaHunanChina
- Department of PathologySchool of Basic Medical ScienceXiangya School of MedicineCentral South UniversityChangshaHunanChina
| | - Bin Xie
- Department of PathologyXiangya HospitalCentral South UniversityChangshaHunanChina
| | - Qingyi Wang
- Department of PathologyXiangya HospitalCentral South UniversityChangshaHunanChina
- Department of PathologySchool of Basic Medical ScienceXiangya School of MedicineCentral South UniversityChangshaHunanChina
| | - Rui Yang
- Department of PathologyXiangya HospitalCentral South UniversityChangshaHunanChina
- Department of PathologySchool of Basic Medical ScienceXiangya School of MedicineCentral South UniversityChangshaHunanChina
| | - Jingyue Sun
- Department of PathologyXiangya HospitalCentral South UniversityChangshaHunanChina
- Department of PathologySchool of Basic Medical ScienceXiangya School of MedicineCentral South UniversityChangshaHunanChina
| | - Chaotao Hu
- Regenerative Medicine, Medical SchoolUniversity of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Shuang Liu
- Department of OncologyInstitute of Medical SciencesNational Clinical Research Center for Geriatric DisordersXiangya HospitalCentral South UniversityChangsha, Hunan, China. UniversityChangshaHunanChina
| | - Yongguang Tao
- Department of PathologyXiangya HospitalCentral South UniversityChangshaHunanChina
- NHC Key Laboratory of CarcinogenesisCancer Research Institute and School of Basic MedicineCentral South universityChangshaHunanChina
| | - Desheng Xiao
- Department of PathologyXiangya HospitalCentral South UniversityChangshaHunanChina
- Department of PathologySchool of Basic Medical ScienceXiangya School of MedicineCentral South UniversityChangshaHunanChina
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Zhang H, Lu J, Dong Q, Wang G, Wang X. CD112 is an epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition-related and immunological biomarker in pan-cancer. Transl Cancer Res 2024; 13:2387-2407. [PMID: 38881943 PMCID: PMC11170512 DOI: 10.21037/tcr-23-2258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2023] [Accepted: 03/31/2024] [Indexed: 06/18/2024]
Abstract
Background The nectin adhesion molecule CD112, an important component of tumor progression, belongs to the nectin family. However, a comprehensive evaluation of its clinical relevance and mechanism in various cancers is yet to be conducted. Methods This investigation fully examined the relationship between prognosis and CD112 expression. We clarified the function of CD112 in tumor immunity by employing The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and Genotype-Tissue Expression (GTEx) databases. This involved examining its connections to tumor mutation burden (TMB), DNA methylation, tumor immune invasion, mismatch repair (MMR), microsatellite instability (MSI), and common immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs). Additionally, the impact of CD112 knockdown on cell function was examined in colorectal cancer (CRC) cell lines. Results In the current study, we found malignant tissues express high levels of CD112, which was related to TMB, MMR, MSI, and DNA methylation. Survival analysis indicated that patients with high CD112 expression had an unfavorable prognosis more frequently. In addition, CD112 expression was negatively associated with infiltration levels of CD4 positive (CD4+) T cells, CD8 positive (CD8+) T cells, and T cells. Western blotting and pathway enrichment analysis showed that CD112 is significantly linked to epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT). Additionally, CRC cells migrate and proliferate less when CD112 was knocked down. CD112 expression was found to be negatively associated with anti-programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) and anti-cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated protein 4 (CTLA-4) treatment outcomes in patients. Conclusions CD112 may act as a possible prognostic marker in immune therapy and may stimulate tumor growth by upregulating the EMT pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haotian Zhang
- Medical School of Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Jing Lu
- Medical School of Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Qingyu Dong
- Medical School of Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Guihua Wang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Xudong Wang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, China
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Bringeland EA, Våge C, Ubøe AAS, Sandø AD, Mjønes P, Fossmark R. Epstein-Barr Virus and Clinico-Endoscopic Characteristics of Gastric Remnant Cancers Compared to Proximal Non-Remnant Cancers: A Population-Based Study. Cancers (Basel) 2024; 16:2000. [PMID: 38893119 PMCID: PMC11170983 DOI: 10.3390/cancers16112000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2024] [Revised: 05/15/2024] [Accepted: 05/21/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) is associated with 5-10% of gastric cancers and is recognized as a distinct molecular subtype. EBV positivity is particularly high in gastric remnant cancer (GRC), which may inform the mode of clinical presentation and findings at endoscopy. Most data are from the East, and the question remains how this applies to a Western cohort. We conducted a population-based study in Central Norway, 2001-2016. Patients with GRC (n = 78) and patients with non-GRC proximally located cancer and available tissue for EBV status (n = 116, control group) were identified from the Norwegian Cancer Registry. Relevant data were collected from the individual patient journals. EBV status was assessed using in situ hybridization. The median latency time from the distal gastrectomy to GRC was 37.6 (range 15.7-68.0) years. GRC more often presented with GI bleeding, 31.0% vs. 16.1%, p = 0.017, and at endoscopy more seldom with an ulcer, 19.7% vs. 38.2%, p = 0.012, or a tumour, 40.8% vs. 66.4%, p < 0.001. For GRC, 18.7% were EBV-positive compared to 6.0% among the controls, p = 0.006. EBV status was not associated with patient age, sex, or Lauren histological type. No difference in long-term survival rates between GRC and controls was found or between EBV-positive vs. -negative GRCs. In conclusion, a higher proportion of GRC cases, compared to controls, are EBV positive, indicating different causative factors. The mode of clinical presentation and findings at endoscopy were more subtle in the patients with GRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erling A. Bringeland
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), 7030 Trondheim, Norway; (C.V.); (A.A.S.U.); (A.D.S.); (P.M.); (R.F.)
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, St. Olav’s Hospital, 7030 Trondheim, Norway
| | - Christina Våge
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), 7030 Trondheim, Norway; (C.V.); (A.A.S.U.); (A.D.S.); (P.M.); (R.F.)
| | - Ann A. S. Ubøe
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), 7030 Trondheim, Norway; (C.V.); (A.A.S.U.); (A.D.S.); (P.M.); (R.F.)
| | - Alina D. Sandø
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), 7030 Trondheim, Norway; (C.V.); (A.A.S.U.); (A.D.S.); (P.M.); (R.F.)
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, St. Olav’s Hospital, 7030 Trondheim, Norway
| | - Patricia Mjønes
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), 7030 Trondheim, Norway; (C.V.); (A.A.S.U.); (A.D.S.); (P.M.); (R.F.)
- Department of Pathology, St. Olav’s Hospital, 7030 Trondheim, Norway
| | - Reidar Fossmark
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), 7030 Trondheim, Norway; (C.V.); (A.A.S.U.); (A.D.S.); (P.M.); (R.F.)
- Department of Gastroenterology, St. Olav’s Hospital, 7030 Trondheim, Norway
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ZHAO XUHUI, HUANG XIAOMIN, DANG CHUNYAN, WANG XIA, QI YUJIAO, LI HONGLING. The Epstein-Barr virus-miRNA-BART6-5p regulates TGF-β/SMAD4 pathway to induce glycolysis and enhance proliferation and metastasis of gastric cancer cells. Oncol Res 2024; 32:999-1009. [PMID: 38686046 PMCID: PMC11055990 DOI: 10.32604/or.2024.046679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Accepted: 12/26/2023] [Indexed: 05/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Background EBV-miR-BARTs exhibit significant relevance in epithelial tumors, particularly in EBV-associated gastric and nasopharyngeal cancers. However, their specific mechanisms in the initiation and progression of gastric cancer remain insufficiently explored. Material and Methods Initially, EBV-miRNA-BART6-5p and its target gene SMAD4 expression were assessed in EBV-associated gastric cancer tissues and cell lines. Subsequent transfection induced overexpression of EBV-miRNA-BART6-5p in AGS and MKN-45, and downregulation in EBV-positive cells (SUN-719). The subsequent evaluation aimed to observe their impact on gastric cancer cell proliferation, migration, and glycolytic processes, with the TGF-β/SMAD4 signaling pathway value clarified using a TGF-β inhibitor. Results EBV-miRNA-BART6-5p exhibits pronounced upregulation in EBV-associated gastric cancer tissues and EBV-positive cells, while its target gene SMAD4 demonstrates downregulated expression. Upregulation of it can promote the proliferation and migration of gastric cancer cells. Additionally, We found EBV-miRNA-BART6-5p promotes glycolysis of gastric cancer cells. Inhibition of the TGF-β/SMAD4 signaling pathway resulted in suppressed proliferation and migration of gastric cancer cells, concomitant with a diminished glycolytic capacity. Conclusion In this study, we found that EBV-miRNA-BART6-5p can target SMAD4, effectively increasing glycolysis in gastric cancer cells by regulating the TGF-β/SMAD4 signaling pathway, thereby enhancing the proliferation and metastasis of gastric cancer cells. Our findings may offer new insights into the metabolic aspects of gastric cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- XUHUI ZHAO
- The First Clinical Medical College, Gansu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou, 730000, China
- Department of Oncology, Gansu People’s Hospital, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - XIAOMIN HUANG
- The First Clinical Medical College, Gansu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - CHUNYAN DANG
- Department of Oncology, Gansu People’s Hospital, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - XIA WANG
- The First Clinical Medical College, Gansu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - YUJIAO QI
- The Clinical Medical College, Ningxia Medical University, Ningxia, 750004, China
| | - HONGLING LI
- Department of Oncology, Gansu People’s Hospital, Lanzhou, 730000, China
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9
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He XX, Du B, Wu T, Shen H. Prognostic analysis of related factors of adverse reactions to immunotherapy in advanced gastric cancer and establishment of a nomogram model. World J Gastrointest Oncol 2024; 16:1268-1280. [PMID: 38660670 PMCID: PMC11037037 DOI: 10.4251/wjgo.v16.i4.1268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2023] [Revised: 01/10/2024] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Immunotherapy for advanced gastric cancer has attracted widespread attention in recent years. However, the adverse reactions of immunotherapy and its relationship with patient prognosis still need further study. In order to determine the association between adverse reaction factors and prognosis, the aim of this study was to conduct a systematic prognostic analysis. By comprehensively evaluating the clinical data of patients with advanced gastric cancer treated by immunotherapy, a nomogram model will be established to predict the survival status of patients more accurately. AIM To explore the characteristics and predictors of immune-related adverse reactions (irAEs) in advanced gastric cancer patients receiving immunotherapy with programmed death protein-1 (PD-1) inhibitors and to analyze the correlation between irAEs and patient prognosis. METHODS A total of 140 patients with advanced gastric cancer who were treated with PD-1 inhibitors in our hospital from June 2021 to October 2023 were selected. Patients were divided into the irAEs group and the non-irAEs group according to whether or not irAEs occurred. Clinical features, manifestations, and prognosis of irAEs in the two groups were collected and analyzed. A multivariate logistic regression model was used to analyze the related factors affecting the occurrence of irAEs, and the prediction model of irAEs was established. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was used to evaluate the ability of different indicators to predict irAEs. A Kaplan-Meier survival curve was used to analyze the correlation between irAEs and prognosis. The Cox proportional risk model was used to analyze the related factors affecting the prognosis of patients. RESULTS A total of 132 patients were followed up, of whom 63 (47.7%) developed irAEs. We looked at the two groups' clinical features and found that the two groups were statistically different in age ≥ 65 years, Ki-67 index, white blood cell count, neutrophil count, and regulatory T cell (Treg) count (all P < 0.05). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that Treg count was a protective factor affecting irAEs occurrence (P = 0.030). The ROC curve indicated that Treg + Ki-67 + age (≥ 65 years) combined could predict irAEs well (area under the curve = 0.753, 95% confidence interval: 0.623-0.848, P = 0.001). Results of the Kaplan-Meier survival curve showed that progression-free survival (PFS) was longer in the irAEs group than in the non-irAEs group (P = 0.001). Cox proportional hazard regression analysis suggested that the occurrence of irAEs was an independent factor for PFS (P = 0.006). CONCLUSION The number of Treg cells is a separate factor that affects irAEs in advanced gastric cancer patients receiving PD-1 inhibitor immunotherapy. irAEs can affect the patients' PFS and result in longer PFS. Treg + Ki-67 + age (≥ 65 years old) combined can better predict the occurrence of adverse reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu-Xu He
- Department of Surgery, Fudan University Affiliated Zhongshan Hospital (Qingpu Branch), Shanghai 201700, China
| | - Bang Du
- Department of Surgery, Anhui Provincial Red Cross Society Hospital, Hefei 230031, Anhui Province, China
| | - Tao Wu
- Department of General Surgery, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610044, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Hao Shen
- Department of Surgery, Anhui Provincial Red Cross Society Hospital, Hefei 230031, Anhui Province, China
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10
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Colarusso G, Mechahougui H, Koessler T, Friedlaender A. Metastatic gastric cancer: synergizing and sequencing targeted therapy with first-line immunotherapy. Immunotherapy 2024; 16:427-430. [PMID: 38469713 DOI: 10.2217/imt-2024-0040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/13/2024] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Gina Colarusso
- Oncology Department, Geneva University Hospital, 1205 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Hiba Mechahougui
- Oncology Department, Geneva University Hospital, 1205 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Thibaud Koessler
- Oncology Department, Geneva University Hospital, 1205 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Alex Friedlaender
- Oncology Department, Geneva University Hospital, 1205 Geneva, Switzerland
- Clinique Générale Beaulieu, 1206 Geneva, Switzerland
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11
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Yee EJ, Gilbert D, Kaplan J, van Dyk L, Kim SS, Berg L, Clambey E, Wani S, McCarter MD, Stewart CL. Immune Landscape of Epstein-Barr Virus-Associated Gastric Cancer: Analysis From a Western Academic Institution. J Surg Res 2024; 296:742-750. [PMID: 38368775 PMCID: PMC10947842 DOI: 10.1016/j.jss.2024.01.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2023] [Revised: 01/15/2024] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 02/20/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Epstein-Barr virus-associated gastric cancer (EBVaGC) may be a meaningful biomarker for potential benefit from immunotherapy. Further investigation is needed to characterize the immune landscape of EBVaGC. We assessed our institutional frequency of surgically treated EBVaGC and analyzed the immunologic biomarker profile and tumor-infiltrating lymphocyte (TIL) phenotypes of a series of EBVaGC compared to non-EBVaGC cases. METHODS Available tissue samples from all patients with biopsy-confirmed gastric adenocarcinoma who underwent resection with curative intent from 2012 to 2020 at our institution were collected. In situ hybridization was used to assess EBV status; multiplex immunohistochemistry was performed to assess mismatch repair status, Programmed Death-Ligand 1 (PD-L1) expression, and phenotypic characterization of TILs. RESULTS Sixty-eight samples were included in this study. EBVaGC was present in 3/68 (4%) patients. Among all patients, 27/68 (40%) had positive PD-L1 expression; two of three (67%) EBVaGC patients exhibited positive PD-L1 expression. Compared to non-EBVaGC, EBV-positive tumors showed 5-fold to 10-fold higher density of TILs in both tumor and stroma and substantially elevated CD8+ T cell to Tregulatory cell ratio. The memory subtypes of CD8+ and CD4+ T cells were upregulated in EBVaGC tumors and stromal tissue compared to non-EBVaGC. CONCLUSIONS The incidence of surgically resected EBVaGC at our center was 4%. EBVaGC tumors harbor elevated levels of TILs, including memory subtypes, within both tumor and tumor-related stroma. Robust TIL presence and upregulated PD-L1 positivity in EBVaGC may portend promising responses to immunotherapy agents. Further investigation into routine EBV testing and TIL phenotype of patients with gastric cancer to predict response to immunotherapy may be warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elliott J Yee
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, University of Colorado, Aurora, Colorado.
| | | | - Jeffrey Kaplan
- Department of Pathology, University of Colorado, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Linda van Dyk
- Department of Immunology & Microbiology, University of Colorado, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Sunnie S Kim
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO
| | - Leslie Berg
- Department of Immunology & Microbiology, University of Colorado, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Eric Clambey
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Colorado, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Sachin Wani
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO
| | - Martin D McCarter
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, University of Colorado, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Camille L Stewart
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, University of Colorado, Aurora, Colorado
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12
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Wu C, Ke Y, Wan L, Xie X. Efficacy of immune checkpoint inhibitors differs in various status of carcinoma: a study based on 29 cohorts with 3255 participants. Cancer Immunol Immunother 2024; 73:79. [PMID: 38554165 PMCID: PMC10981616 DOI: 10.1007/s00262-024-03663-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2024] [Accepted: 02/24/2024] [Indexed: 04/01/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pre-clinical data have revealed that viral infection, such as Hepatitis B virus (HBV), Hepatitis C virus (HCV), and Human Papilloma virus (HPV), may lead to the development of "hot" or "immune-sensitive" tumors, which may impact the efficacy of immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICIs). Therefore, This study aimed to investigate the impact of viral status on the efficacy of ICIs. METHODS Electronic databases were searched to identify relevant trials. The primary endpoints were overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS) measured by hazard ratio (HR). Stratified analyses were accomplished based on viral types, treatment regimens, and patient locations. RESULTS A total of 3255 participants were recruited, including 252 cases of gastric cancer, 156 cases of nasopharyngeal carcinoma, 1603 cases of hepatocellular carcinoma, and 1244 cases of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. Pooled results demonstrated a significant association between viral infection and favorable outcomes in patients receiving ICIs, including improved OS [HR = 0.67, 95%CI (0.57-0.79), P < 0.0001], increased ORR [OR = 1.43, 95%CI (1.14-1.80), P = 0.0018], and a trend toward enhanced PFS [HR = 0.75, 95%CI (0.56-1.00), P = 0.05]. In subgroup analyses, patients treated with ICIs who were exposed to HBV/HCV or HPV infection exhibited an evidently superior OS without heterogeneity, compared to those without infection. CONCLUSIONS This study indicated that the presence of viral infection was evidently associated with improved outcomes in cancer patients undergoing ICIs, particularly in cases of HBV/HCV and HPV infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunlan Wu
- Department of Oncology, Molecular Oncology Research Institute, the First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350005, China
- Department of Oncology, National Regional Medical Center, Binhai Campus of the First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350212, China
| | - Yujun Ke
- Department of Anesthesiology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350005, China
- Department of Anesthesiology, National Regional Medical Center, Binhai Campus of the First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350212, China
| | - Luying Wan
- Department of Oncology, Molecular Oncology Research Institute, the First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350005, China
- Department of Oncology, National Regional Medical Center, Binhai Campus of the First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350212, China
| | - Xianhe Xie
- Department of Oncology, Molecular Oncology Research Institute, the First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350005, China.
- Department of Oncology, National Regional Medical Center, Binhai Campus of the First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350212, China.
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Precision Medicine for Cancer, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350005, China.
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13
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Salnikov MY, MacNeil KM, Mymryk JS. The viral etiology of EBV-associated gastric cancers contributes to their unique pathology, clinical outcomes, treatment responses and immune landscape. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1358511. [PMID: 38596668 PMCID: PMC11002251 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1358511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 03/14/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) is a pathogen known to cause a number of malignancies, often taking years for them to develop after primary infection. EBV-associated gastric cancer (EBVaGC) is one such malignancy, and is an immunologically, molecularly and pathologically distinct entity from EBV-negative gastric cancer (EBVnGC). In comparison with EBVnGCs, EBVaGCs overexpress a number of immune regulatory genes to help form an immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment (TME), have improved prognosis, and overall have an "immune-hot" phenotype. This review provides an overview of the histopathology, clinical features and clinical outcomes of EBVaGCs. We also summarize the differences between the TMEs of EBVaGCs and EBVnGCs, which includes significant differences in cell composition and immune infiltration. A list of available EBVaGC and EBVnGC gene expression datasets and computational tools are also provided within this review. Finally, an overview is provided of the various chemo- and immuno-therapeutics available in treating gastric cancers (GCs), with a focus on EBVaGCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikhail Y. Salnikov
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Western University, London, ON, Canada
| | - Katelyn M. MacNeil
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Western University, London, ON, Canada
| | - Joe S. Mymryk
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Western University, London, ON, Canada
- Department of Oncology, Western University, London, ON, Canada
- Department of Otolaryngology, Western University, London, ON, Canada
- Lawson Health Research Institute, London, ON, Canada
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14
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Peng H, Wu X, Zhang C, Liang Y, Cheng S, Zhang H, Shen L, Chen Y. Analyzing the associations between tertiary lymphoid structures and postoperative prognosis, along with immunotherapy response in gastric cancer: findings from pooled cohort studies. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2024; 150:153. [PMID: 38519621 PMCID: PMC10959798 DOI: 10.1007/s00432-024-05672-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 03/25/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The clinical significance of tertiary lymphoid structure (TLS) in gastric cancer (GC) was uncertain. METHODS A systematic search was performed in public databases for eligible studies as of April 2, 2023. Meta-analyses were performed to interrogate the associations between TLS levels and prognosis and immunotherapy response of GC. Bioinformatic analyses based on the nine-gene signature of TLS were further conducted to capture the biological underpinnings. RESULTS Eleven studies containing 4224 GC cases were enrolled in the meta-analysis. TLS levels positively correlated with smaller tumor size, earlier T stage and N stage. Moreover, higher TLS levels were detected in diffuse and mix subtypes of GC (P < 0.001). Higher TLS levels strongly predicted favorable postoperative overall survival of GC, with HR of 0.36 (95%CI 0.26-0.50, P < 0.001) and 0.55 (95%CI 0.45-0.68, P < 0.001) of univariate and multivariate Cox analysis, respectively. Higher TLS levels were also in favor of the treatment response of anti-PD-1 inhibitors as later-line therapy of GC. TLS levels positively correlated with immune effector cells infiltration, diversity and richness of T cell receptor and B cell receptor repertoire, immune checkpoint genes expression, and immune-related genes mutation of GC in the TCGA-STAD cohort, representing higher immunogenicity and immunoactivity. Moreover, moderate accuracy of TLS levels in predicting benefit from anti-PD-1 inhibitors in the PRJEB25780 cohort was also validated (AUC 0.758, 95%CI 0.583-0.933), higher than the microsatellite instability-score and Epstein-Barr virus status. CONCLUSIONS TLS levels demonstrated potential in predicting the postoperative prognosis and immunotherapy response of GC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haoxin Peng
- Department of Gastrointestinal Oncology, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Xiangrong Wu
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Cheng Zhang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Oncology, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Yueting Liang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing, 100142, China
| | - Siyuan Cheng
- Department of Gastrointestinal Oncology, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing, China
- Department of Tumor Chemotherapy and Radiation Sickness, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Honglang Zhang
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Nanshan School, Guangzhou Medical University, Jingxiu Road, Panyu District, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lin Shen
- Department of Gastrointestinal Oncology, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing, China
- Department of Gastrointestinal Oncology, State Key Laboratory of Holistic Integrative Management of Gastrointestinal Cancers, Beijing Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Yang Chen
- Department of Gastrointestinal Oncology, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing, China.
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15
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Hakami ZH. Biomarker discovery and validation for gastrointestinal tumors: A comprehensive review of colorectal, gastric, and liver cancers. Pathol Res Pract 2024; 255:155216. [PMID: 38401376 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2024.155216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2023] [Revised: 02/07/2024] [Accepted: 02/15/2024] [Indexed: 02/26/2024]
Abstract
Gastrointestinal (GI) malignancies, encompassing gastric, hepatic, colonic, and rectal cancers, are prevalent forms of cancer globally and contribute substantially to cancer-related mortality. Although there have been improvements in methods for diagnosing and treating GI cancers, the chances of survival for these types of cancers are still extremely low. According to the World Cancer Research International Fund's most recent figures, stomach cancer was responsible for roughly one million deaths worldwide in 2020. This emphasizes the importance of developing more effective tools for detecting, diagnosing, and predicting the outcome of these cancers at an early stage. Biomarkers, quantitative indications of biological processes or disease states, have emerged as promising techniques for enhancing the diagnosis and prognosis of GI malignancies. Recently, there has been a considerable endeavor to discover and authenticate biomarkers for various GI cancers by the utilization of diverse methodologies, including genomics, proteomics, and metabolomics. This review provides a thorough examination of the current state of biomarker research in the field of gastrointestinal malignancies, with a specific emphasis on colorectal, stomach, and liver cancers. A thorough literature search was performed on prominent databases such as PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science to find pertinent papers published until November, 2023 for the purpose of compiling this review. The diverse categories of biomarkers, encompassing genetic, epigenetic, and protein-based biomarkers, and their potential utility in the fields of diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment selection, are explored. Recent progress in identifying and confirming biomarkers, as well as the obstacles that persist in employing biomarkers in clinical settings are emphasized. The utilization of biomarkers in GI cancers has significant potential in enhancing patient outcomes. Ongoing research is expected to uncover more efficient biomarkers for the diagnosis and prognosis of these cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zaki H Hakami
- Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Applied Medical Science, Jazan University, Jazan 45142, Saudi Arabia.
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16
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Ma C, Teng Q, Shang L, Du F, Li L. Tumor mutation load better predicts the prognosis of patients treated with immune checkpoint inhibitors in upper gastrointestinal cancers: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Cancer Rep (Hoboken) 2024; 7:e1959. [PMID: 38204354 PMCID: PMC10849990 DOI: 10.1002/cnr2.1959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2023] [Revised: 11/21/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tumor mutational load (TML) has emerged as a potential biomarker for multiple solid tumors. However, data on its prognostic impact on upper gastrointestinal (UGI) cancer are limited. Therefore, the aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to assess the prognostic value of TML for the survival of patients with UGI cancer. METHOD A comprehensive search of the PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, and Web of Science databases was conducted up to February 13, 2023. Eleven studies met our inclusion criteria. Hazard ratios (HRs) for progression-free survival and overall survival and their 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated. Subsequently, the combined HR and its 95% CI were calculated for UGI tract cancers in the high and low TML groups. I2 statistics and p-values were used to evaluate heterogeneity. Publication bias, sensitivity, and subgroup analyses were performed to determine sources of heterogeneity. RESULTS In total, 932 patients with UGI tract cancer from 11 publications were included. The high TML group treated with immunotherapy showed significantly improved overall survival (HR = 0.68; 95% CI: 0.53, 0.86; p = .001) and progression-free survival (HR = 0.74; 95% CI: 0.58, 0.95; p = .020) compared with the low TML group. CONCLUSION Our study demonstrated that patients with UGI tumors and higher TML have a better prognosis with immunotherapy, suggesting that TML is a promising predictive biomarker for immunotherapy. REGISTRATION The study protocol was registered with the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO Registration No: CRD42023405596).
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenghao Ma
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Cheeloo College of MedicineShandong UniversityJinanChina
| | - Qiong Teng
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Cheeloo College of MedicineShandong UniversityJinanChina
| | - Liang Shang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Cheeloo College of MedicineShandong UniversityJinanChina
- Department of Gastrointestinal SurgeryShandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical UniversityJinanChina
| | - Fengying Du
- Department of Gastrointestinal SurgeryShandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical UniversityJinanChina
| | - Leping Li
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Cheeloo College of MedicineShandong UniversityJinanChina
- Department of Gastrointestinal SurgeryShandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical UniversityJinanChina
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17
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Li X, Xiong F, Hu Z, Tao Q, Yang Y, Qiao X, Peng C, Jiang Y, Han M, Dong K, Hua Y, Zhang W, Xu M, Long W, Xiao Y, Wang D. A novel biomarker associated with EBV infection improves response prediction of immunotherapy in gastric cancer. J Transl Med 2024; 22:90. [PMID: 38254099 PMCID: PMC10804498 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-024-04859-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2023] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Novel biomarkers are required in gastric cancer (GC) treated by immunotherapy. Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infection induces an immune-active tumor microenvironment, while its association with immunotherapy response is still controversial. Genes underlying EBV infection may determine the response heterogeneity of EBV + GC. Thus, we screened hub genes associated with EBV infection to predict the response to immunotherapy in GC. METHODS Prognostic hub genes associated with EBV infection were screened using multi-omic data of GC. EBV + GC cells were established and confirmed by EBV-encoded small RNA in situ hybridization (EBER-ISH). Immunohistochemistry (IHC) staining of the hub genes was conducted in GC samples with EBER-ISH assay. Infiltrating immune cells were stained using immunofluorescence. RESULTS CHAF1A was identified as a hub gene in EBV + GC, and its expression was an independent predictor of overall survival (OS). EBV infection up-regulated CHAF1A expression which also predicted EBV infection well. CHAF1A expression also predicted microsatellite instability (MSI) and a high tumor mutation burden (TMB). The combined score (CS) of CHAF1A expression with MSI or TMB further improved prognostic stratification. CHAF1A IHC score positively correlated with the infiltration of NK cells and macrophages M1. CHAF1A expression alone could predict the immunotherapy response, but its CS with EBV infection, MSI, TMB, or PD-L1 expression showed better effects and improved response stratification based on current biomarkers. CONCLUSIONS CHAF1A could be a novel biomarker for immunotherapy of GC, with the potential to improve the efficacy of existing biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqin Li
- Department of Oncology, Digestive Disease Institute&Cancer Institute of Jiangsu University, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212001, China
| | - Fen Xiong
- Department of Oncology, Digestive Disease Institute&Cancer Institute of Jiangsu University, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212001, China
| | - Zhangmin Hu
- Department of Oncology, Digestive Disease Institute&Cancer Institute of Jiangsu University, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212001, China
| | - Qing Tao
- Department of Oncology, Digestive Disease Institute&Cancer Institute of Jiangsu University, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212001, China
| | - Yufei Yang
- Department of Oncology, Digestive Disease Institute&Cancer Institute of Jiangsu University, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212001, China
| | - Xuehan Qiao
- Department of Oncology, Digestive Disease Institute&Cancer Institute of Jiangsu University, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212001, China
| | - Chen Peng
- Department of Oncology, Digestive Disease Institute&Cancer Institute of Jiangsu University, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212001, China
| | - Yuchun Jiang
- Department of Oncology, Digestive Disease Institute&Cancer Institute of Jiangsu University, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212001, China
| | - Miao Han
- Department of Oncology, Digestive Disease Institute&Cancer Institute of Jiangsu University, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212001, China
| | - Kebin Dong
- Department of Oncology, Digestive Disease Institute&Cancer Institute of Jiangsu University, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212001, China
| | - Yi Hua
- Department of Oncology, Digestive Disease Institute&Cancer Institute of Jiangsu University, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212001, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Digestive Disease Institute of Jiangsu University, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212001, China
| | - Min Xu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Digestive Disease Institute of Jiangsu University, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212001, China
| | - Weiguo Long
- Department of Pathology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212001, China.
| | - Yichuan Xiao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tissue Microenvironment and Tumor, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China.
| | - Deqiang Wang
- Department of Oncology, Digestive Disease Institute&Cancer Institute of Jiangsu University, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212001, China.
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18
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Yu X, Zhai X, Wu J, Feng Q, Hu C, Zhu L, Zhou Q. Evolving perspectives regarding the role of the PD-1/PD-L1 pathway in gastric cancer immunotherapy. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2024; 1870:166881. [PMID: 37696462 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2023.166881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2023] [Revised: 08/08/2023] [Accepted: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 09/13/2023]
Abstract
Gastric cancer (GC) is an increasing global health problem and is one of the leading cancers worldwide. Traditional therapies, such as radiation and chemotherapy, have made limited progress in enhancing their efficacy for advanced GC. The development of immunotherapy for advanced GC has considerably improved with a deeper understanding of the tumor microenvironment. Immunotherapy using checkpoint inhibitors is a new therapeutic option that has made substantial advances in the treatment of other malignancies and is increasingly used in other clinical oncology treatments. Particularly, therapeutic antibodies targeting the programmed cell death protein-1 (PD-1)/programmed cell death ligand 1 (PD-L1) pathway have been effectively used in the clinical treatment of cancer. Monoclonal antibodies blocking the PD-1/PD-L1 pathway have been developed for cancer immunotherapy to enhance T cell function to restore the immune response and represent a breakthrough in the treatment of GC. This review provides an outline of the progress of PD-1/PD-L1 blockade therapy and its expression characteristics and clinical application in advanced GC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianzhe Yu
- Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Center & Lung Cancer Center/Lung Cancer Institute, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, People's Republic of China; Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Chengdu Second People's Hospital, No. 10 Qinyun Nan Street, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoqian Zhai
- Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Center & Lung Cancer Center/Lung Cancer Institute, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Juan Wu
- Out-patient Department, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Qingbo Feng
- Department of General Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Affiliated Digestive Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Chenggong Hu
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China.
| | - Lingling Zhu
- Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Center & Lung Cancer Center/Lung Cancer Institute, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, People's Republic of China.
| | - Qinghua Zhou
- Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Center & Lung Cancer Center/Lung Cancer Institute, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, People's Republic of China.
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19
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Yang Y, Zhang J, Zhang W, Wang Y, Zhai Y, Li Y, Li W, Chang J, Zhao X, Huang M, Geng Q, Yang Y, Gong Z, Yu N, Shen W, Li Q, Huang S, Guo W. A liquid biopsy signature of circulating extracellular vesicles-derived RNAs predicts response to first line chemotherapy in patients with metastatic colorectal cancer. Mol Cancer 2023; 22:199. [PMID: 38062470 PMCID: PMC10701920 DOI: 10.1186/s12943-023-01875-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2023] [Accepted: 09/28/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most threatening tumors in the world, and chemotherapy remains dominant in the treatment of metastatic CRC (mCRC) patients. The purpose of this study was to develop a biomarker panel to predict the response of the first line chemotherapy in mCRC patients. METHODS Totally 190 mCRC patients treated with FOLFOX or XEOLX chemotherapy in 3 different institutions were included. We extracted the plasma extracellular vesicle (EV) RNA, performed RNA sequencing, constructed a model and generated a signature through shrinking the number of variables by the random forest algorithm and the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) algorithm in the training cohort (n = 80). We validated it in an internal validation cohort (n = 62) and a prospective external validation cohort (n = 48). RESULTS We established a signature consisted of 22 EV RNAs which could identify responders, and the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) values was 0.986, 0.821, and 0.816 in the training, internal validation, and external validation cohort respectively. The signature could also identify the progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS). Besides, we constructed a 7-gene signature which could predict tumor response to first-line oxaliplatin-containing chemotherapy and simultaneously resistance to second-line irinotecan-containing chemotherapy. CONCLUSIONS The study was first to develop a signature of EV-derived RNAs to predict the response of the first line chemotherapy in mCRC with high accuracy using a non-invasive approach, indicating that the signature could help to select the optimal regimen for mCRC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya'nan Yang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, 270 Dong-An Road, Shanghai, 200032, P. R. China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, P. R. China
- Department of Head & Neck Medical Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, 200032, P. R. China
| | - Jieyun Zhang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, 270 Dong-An Road, Shanghai, 200032, P. R. China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Wen Zhang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, 270 Dong-An Road, Shanghai, 200032, P. R. China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Yixuan Wang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, 270 Dong-An Road, Shanghai, 200032, P. R. China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Yujia Zhai
- Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, 270 Dong-An Road, Shanghai, 200032, P. R. China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Yan Li
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Radiation Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, P. R. China
| | - Wenhua Li
- Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, 270 Dong-An Road, Shanghai, 200032, P. R. China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Jinjia Chang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, 270 Dong-An Road, Shanghai, 200032, P. R. China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoying Zhao
- Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, 270 Dong-An Road, Shanghai, 200032, P. R. China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Mingzhu Huang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, 270 Dong-An Road, Shanghai, 200032, P. R. China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Qirong Geng
- Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, 270 Dong-An Road, Shanghai, 200032, P. R. China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Yue Yang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, 270 Dong-An Road, Shanghai, 200032, P. R. China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Zhe Gong
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, 250000, China
| | - Nuoya Yu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, 270 Dong-An Road, Shanghai, 200032, P. R. China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Wei Shen
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200092, P. R. China.
| | - Qian Li
- Department of Medical Oncology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, No.180, Fenglin Road, Shanghai, 200032, P. R. China.
| | - Shenglin Huang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Radiation Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, P. R. China.
| | - Weijian Guo
- Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, 270 Dong-An Road, Shanghai, 200032, P. R. China.
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, P. R. China.
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20
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Cheng R, Li B, Wang H, Zeng Y. Immune checkpoint inhibitors and cellular immunotherapy for advanced gastric, gastroesophageal cancer: a long pathway. Clin Transl Oncol 2023; 25:3122-3138. [PMID: 37036597 DOI: 10.1007/s12094-023-03181-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2023] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 04/11/2023]
Abstract
Although the incidence rate and mortality of gastric/gastroesophageal cancer (G/GEJC) are declining globally, G/GEJC remains a health issue in East Asia. When diagnosed as advanced stage, treatment after serial lines of chemotherapy is limited, with a median overall survival of less than 1 year. Immunotherapy, including immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) and cellular immunotherapy, has changed the prospects of cancer therapy by reversing immune suppression in the tumor microenvironment. As part of this review, we enumerated the clinical uses of ICIs related to the immunosuppressive signaling axis PD-1/PD-L1 and CTLA-4/B7. ICIs were initially approved as a secondary treatment option for patients with severe pretreating advanced gastric and gastroesophageal cancer (AG/GEJC). Till now, it has become the mainstream therapy in combination with chemotherapy and targeted therapy for patients identified by biomarkers. Numerous evidence showed microsatellite instability (MSI), programmed cell death ligand 1 (PD-L1) expression, tumor mutation burden (TMB) and Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) status might be indicative to the use of ICIs. In addition, we discussed the current limitations and prospects of ICIs in AG/GGEJC, as well as the first clinical application of novel CAR-T cell therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Runzi Cheng
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, 515041, People's Republic of China
- Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, People's Republic of China
| | - Baizhi Li
- Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, People's Republic of China
| | - Huaiming Wang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, 515041, People's Republic of China
| | - Yongming Zeng
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, 515041, People's Republic of China.
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21
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Schmitt C, Hoefsmit EP, Fangmeier T, Kramer N, Kabakci C, Vera González J, Versluis JM, Compter A, Harrer T, Mijočević H, Schubert S, Hundsberger T, Menzies AM, Scolyer RA, Long GV, French LE, Blank CU, Heinzerling LM. Immune checkpoint inhibitor-induced neurotoxicity is not associated with seroprevalence of neurotropic infections. Cancer Immunol Immunother 2023; 72:3475-3489. [PMID: 37606856 PMCID: PMC10576679 DOI: 10.1007/s00262-023-03498-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2023] [Accepted: 07/07/2023] [Indexed: 08/23/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) substantially improve outcome for patients with cancer. However, the majority of patients develops immune-related adverse events (irAEs), which can be persistent and significantly reduce quality of life. Neurological irAEs occur in 1-5% of patients and can induce severe, permanent sequelae or even be fatal. In order to improve the diagnosis and treatment of neurological irAEs and to better understand their pathogenesis, we assessed whether previous neurotropic infections are associated with neurological irAEs. METHODS Neurotropic infections that might predispose to ICI-induced neurological irAEs were analyzed in 61 melanoma patients from 3 countries, the Netherlands, Australia and Germany, including 24 patients with neurotoxicity and 37 control patients. In total, 14 viral, 6 bacterial, and 1 protozoal infections previously reported to trigger neurological pathologies were assessed using routine serology testing. The Dutch and Australian cohorts (NL) included pre-treatment plasma samples of patients treated with neoadjuvant ICI therapy (OpACIN-neo and PRADO trials; NCT02977052). In the Dutch/Australian cohort a total of 11 patients with neurological irAEs were compared to 27 control patients (patients without neurological irAEs). The German cohort (LMU) consisted of serum samples of 13 patients with neurological irAE and 10 control patients without any documented irAE under ICI therapy. RESULTS The association of neurological irAEs with 21 possible preceding infections was assessed by measuring specific antibodies against investigated agents. The seroprevalence of all the tested viral (cytomegalovirus, Epstein-Barr-Virus, varicella-zoster virus, measles, rubella, influenza A and B, human herpes virus 6 and 7, herpes simplex virus 1 and 2, parvovirus B19, hepatitis A and E and human T-lymphotropic virus type 1 and 2), bacterial (Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato, Campylobacter jejuni, Mycoplasma pneumoniae, Coxiella burnetti, Helicobacter pylori, Yersinia enterocolitica and Y. pseudotuberculosis) and protozoal (Toxoplasma gondii) infections was similar for patients who developed neurological irAEs as compared to control patients. Thus, the analysis provided no evidence for an association of described agents tested for seroprevalence with ICI induced neurotoxicity. CONCLUSION Previous viral, bacterial and protozoal neurotropic infections appear not to be associated with the development of neurological irAEs in melanoma patients who underwent therapy with ICI across 3 countries. Further efforts are needed to unravel the factors underlying neurological irAEs in order to identify risk factors for these toxicities, especially with the increasing use of ICI in earlier stage disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Schmitt
- Department of Dermatology and Allergy, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - E P Hoefsmit
- Department of Molecular Oncology and Immunology, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - T Fangmeier
- Department of Dermatology and Allergy, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - N Kramer
- Department of Dermatology and Allergy, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - C Kabakci
- Department of Dermatology and Allergy, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - J Vera González
- Department of Dermatology, Uniklinikum Erlangen and Friedrich-Alexander-Universität (FAU) Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - J M Versluis
- Department of Medical Oncology, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - A Compter
- Department of Neuro-Oncology, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - T Harrer
- Department of Internal Medicine 3, Infectious Diseases and Immunodeficiency Section, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
- Deutsches Zentrum Für Immuntherapie (DZI), Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU) and Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - H Mijočević
- Max Von Pettenkofer Institute of Hygiene and Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - S Schubert
- Max Von Pettenkofer Institute of Hygiene and Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - T Hundsberger
- Departments of Neurology and Medical Oncology/Haematology, Cantonal Hospital, St. Gallen, Switzerland
| | - A M Menzies
- Melanoma Institute of Australia, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Department of Medical Oncology, Royal North Shore and Mater Hospitals, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - R A Scolyer
- Melanoma Institute of Australia, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Tissue Pathology and Diagnostic Oncology, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital and NSW Health Pathology, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - G V Long
- Melanoma Institute of Australia, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Department of Medical Oncology, Royal North Shore and Mater Hospitals, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - L E French
- Department of Dermatology and Allergy, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
- Dr. Philip Frost, Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - C U Blank
- Department of Molecular Oncology and Immunology, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Medical Oncology, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Medical Oncology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - L M Heinzerling
- Department of Dermatology and Allergy, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany.
- Department of Dermatology, Uniklinikum Erlangen and Friedrich-Alexander-Universität (FAU) Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany.
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22
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Haverkos B, Alpdogan O, Baiocchi R, Brammer JE, Feldman TA, Capra M, Brem EA, Nair S, Scheinberg P, Pereira J, Shune L, Joffe E, Young P, Spruill S, Katkov A, McRae R, Royston I, Faller DV, Rojkjaer L, Porcu P. Targeted therapy with nanatinostat and valganciclovir in recurrent EBV-positive lymphoid malignancies: a phase 1b/2 study. Blood Adv 2023; 7:6339-6350. [PMID: 37530631 PMCID: PMC10587711 DOI: 10.1182/bloodadvances.2023010330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Revised: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 07/20/2023] [Indexed: 08/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Lymphomas are not infrequently associated with the Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), and EBV positivity is linked to worse outcomes in several subtypes. Nanatinostat is a class-I selective oral histone deacetylase inhibitor that induces the expression of lytic EBV BGLF4 protein kinase in EBV+ tumor cells, activating ganciclovir via phosphorylation, resulting in tumor cell apoptosis. This phase 1b/2 study investigated the combination of nanatinostat with valganciclovir in patients aged ≥18 years with EBV+ lymphomas relapsed/refractory to ≥1 prior systemic therapy with no viable curative treatment options. In the phase 1b part, 25 patients were enrolled into 5 dose escalation cohorts to determine the recommended phase 2 dose (RP2D) for phase 2 expansion. Phase 2 patients (n = 30) received RP2D (nanatinostat 20 mg daily, 4 days per week with valganciclovir 900 mg orally daily) for 28-day cycles. The primary end points were safety, RP2D determination (phase 1b), and overall response rate (ORR; phase 2). Overall, 55 patients were enrolled (B-non-Hodgkin lymphoma [B-NHL], [n = 10]; angioimmunoblastic T-cell lymphoma-NHL, [n = 21]; classical Hodgkin lymphoma, [n = 11]; and immunodeficiency-associated lymphoproliferative disorders, [n = 13]). The ORR was 40% in 43 evaluable patients (complete response rate [CRR], 19% [n = 8]) with a median duration of response of 10.4 months. For angioimmunoblastic T-cell lymphoma-NHL (n = 15; all refractory to the last prior therapy), the ORR/CRR ratio was 60%/27%. The most common adverse events were nausea (38% any grade) and cytopenia (grade 3/4 neutropenia [29%], thrombocytopenia [20%], and anemia [20%]). This novel oral regimen provided encouraging efficacy across several EBV+ lymphoma subtypes and warrants further evaluation; a confirmatory phase 2 study (NCT05011058) is underway. This phase 1b/2 study is registered at www.clinicaltrials.gov as #NCT03397706.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Onder Alpdogan
- Division of Hematologic Malignancies and Hematopoetic Stem Cell Transplantation, Department of Medical Oncology, Thomas Jefferson University Hospital, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Robert Baiocchi
- The Ohio State University James Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, OH
| | | | - Tatyana A. Feldman
- John Theurer Cancer Center, Hackensack University Medical Center, Hackensack, NJ
| | - Marcelo Capra
- Centro Integrado de Hematologia e Oncologia - Hospital Mãe de Deus, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Elizabeth A. Brem
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Deptartment of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, Orange, CA
| | - Santosh Nair
- Mid Florida Hematology and Oncology Center, Orange City, FL
| | - Phillip Scheinberg
- Division of Hematology, Hospital A Beneficência Portuguesa, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Juliana Pereira
- Division of Hematology, Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Leyla Shune
- University of Kansas Cancer Center, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS
| | - Erel Joffe
- Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Pierluigi Porcu
- Division of Hematologic Malignancies and Hematopoetic Stem Cell Transplantation, Department of Medical Oncology, Thomas Jefferson University Hospital, Philadelphia, PA
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23
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Hou W, Zhao Y, Zhu H. Predictive Biomarkers for Immunotherapy in Gastric Cancer: Current Status and Emerging Prospects. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:15321. [PMID: 37895000 PMCID: PMC10607383 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242015321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Revised: 10/12/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Gastric cancer presents substantial management challenges, and the advent of immunotherapy has ignited renewed hope among patients. Nevertheless, a significant proportion of patients do not respond to immunotherapy, and adverse events associated with immunotherapy also occur on occasion, underscoring the imperative to identify suitable candidates for treatment. Several biomarkers, including programmed death ligand-1 expression, tumor mutation burden, mismatch repair status, Epstein-Barr Virus infection, circulating tumor DNA, and tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes, have demonstrated potential in predicting the effectiveness of immunotherapy in gastric cancer. However, the quest for the optimal predictive biomarker for gastric cancer immunotherapy remains challenging, as each biomarker carries its own limitations. Recently, multi-omics technologies have emerged as promising platforms for discovering novel biomarkers that may help in selecting gastric cancer patients likely to respond to immunotherapy. The identification of reliable predictive biomarkers for immunotherapy in gastric cancer holds the promise of enhancing patient selection and improving treatment outcomes. In this review, we aim to provide an overview of clinically established biomarkers of immunotherapy in gastric cancer. Additionally, we introduce newly reported biomarkers based on multi-omics studies in the context of gastric cancer immunotherapy, thereby contributing to the ongoing efforts to refine patient stratification and treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanting Hou
- Division of Abdominal Tumor Multimodality Treatment, Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China; (W.H.); (Y.Z.)
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Yaqin Zhao
- Division of Abdominal Tumor Multimodality Treatment, Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China; (W.H.); (Y.Z.)
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Hong Zhu
- Division of Abdominal Tumor Multimodality Treatment, Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China; (W.H.); (Y.Z.)
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24
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Lu M, Wu Y, Zhang Y, Yu Y, Wang S, Su X. Immunotherapeutic strategy in the management of gastric cancer: molecular profiles, current practice, and ongoing trials. J Egypt Natl Canc Inst 2023; 35:32. [PMID: 37779128 DOI: 10.1186/s43046-023-00192-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2023] [Accepted: 09/15/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Gastric cancer (GC) is the one of the most commonly solid cancer worldwide. Although under the aggressive treatment, the poor clinical outcomes of patients with GCs have not been improved. Current studies emphasized that targeting therapies or immune response-based therapeutic strategy may be a potential approach to improve the clinical outcomes. Moreover, accumulative evidence has reported the increasing expression of PD-L1 expression in GC cells and highlighted its role in the tumor progression. Currently, great development has been established in the immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) and further changed the clinical practice of GC treatment and prognosis. In addition, the combination therapies with targeting therapy or traditional therapies are expected to push the development of immunotherapies. In our present review, we predominantly focus on the biomarkers and molecular profiles for immunotherapies in GCs and highlight the role and administration of ICIs-based immunotherapeutic strategies against the GCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengxiao Lu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Minimally Invasive Surgery, The Affiliated People's Hospital of Ningbo University, Ningbo, China.
| | - Yingjie Wu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Minimally Invasive Surgery, The Affiliated People's Hospital of Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Yixin Zhang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Minimally Invasive Surgery, The Affiliated People's Hospital of Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Yu Yu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Minimally Invasive Surgery, The Affiliated People's Hospital of Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | | | - Xiaobao Su
- Department of Gastrointestinal Minimally Invasive Surgery, The Affiliated People's Hospital of Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
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25
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Mertowska P, Mertowski S, Smolak K, Kita G, Guz K, Kita A, Pasiarski M, Smok-Kalwat J, Góźdź S, Grywalska E. Could Immune Checkpoint Disorders and EBV Reactivation Be Connected in the Development of Hematological Malignancies in Immunodeficient Patients? Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:4786. [PMID: 37835480 PMCID: PMC10572023 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15194786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2023] [Revised: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 09/28/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Primary immunodeficiencies (PIDs) and secondary immunodeficiencies (SIDs) are characterized by compromised immune function, rendering individuals susceptible to infections and potentially influencing cancer development. Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), a widespread herpesvirus, has been linked to cancer, particularly in those with weakened immune systems. This study aims to compare selected immune parameters, focusing on immune checkpoint molecules (PD-1/PD-L1, CTLA-4/CD86, CD200R/CD200), and EBV reactivation in patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL, a representative of SIDs) and common variable immunodeficiency (CVID, a representative of PIDs). We performed a correlation analysis involving patients diagnosed with CLL, CVID, and a healthy control group. EBV reactivation was assessed using specific antibody serology and viral load quantification. Peripheral blood morphology, biochemistry, and immunophenotyping were performed, with emphasis on T and B lymphocytes expressing immune checkpoints and their serum concentrations. Our findings revealed elevated EBV reactivation markers in both CLL and CVID patients compared with healthy controls, indicating increased viral activity in immunodeficient individuals. Furthermore, immune checkpoint expression analysis demonstrated significantly altered percentages of T and B lymphocytes expressing PD-1/PD-L1, CTLA-4/CD86, and CD200R/CD200 in CLL and CVID patients. This suggests a potential interplay between immune checkpoint dysregulation and EBV reactivation in the context of immunodeficiency. In conclusion, our study underscores the intricate relationship between immune dysfunction, EBV reactivation, and immune checkpoint modulation in the context of immunodeficiency-associated cancers. The altered expression of immune checkpoints, along with heightened EBV reactivation, suggests a potential mechanism for immune evasion and tumor progression. These findings provide insights into the complex interactions that contribute to cancer development in immunocompromised individuals, shedding light on potential therapeutic targets for improved management and treatment outcomes. Further investigations are warranted to elucidate the underlying mechanisms and to explore potential interventions to mitigate cancer risk in these patient populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulina Mertowska
- Department of Experimental Immunology, Medical University of Lublin, 20-093 Lublin, Poland; (P.M.); (K.S.); (G.K.); (K.G.); (A.K.); (E.G.)
| | - Sebastian Mertowski
- Department of Experimental Immunology, Medical University of Lublin, 20-093 Lublin, Poland; (P.M.); (K.S.); (G.K.); (K.G.); (A.K.); (E.G.)
| | - Konrad Smolak
- Department of Experimental Immunology, Medical University of Lublin, 20-093 Lublin, Poland; (P.M.); (K.S.); (G.K.); (K.G.); (A.K.); (E.G.)
| | - Gabriela Kita
- Department of Experimental Immunology, Medical University of Lublin, 20-093 Lublin, Poland; (P.M.); (K.S.); (G.K.); (K.G.); (A.K.); (E.G.)
- Student Research Group of Experimental Immunology, Medical University of Lublin, 20-093 Lublin, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Guz
- Department of Experimental Immunology, Medical University of Lublin, 20-093 Lublin, Poland; (P.M.); (K.S.); (G.K.); (K.G.); (A.K.); (E.G.)
- Student Research Group of Experimental Immunology, Medical University of Lublin, 20-093 Lublin, Poland
| | - Aleksandra Kita
- Department of Experimental Immunology, Medical University of Lublin, 20-093 Lublin, Poland; (P.M.); (K.S.); (G.K.); (K.G.); (A.K.); (E.G.)
- Student Research Group of Experimental Immunology, Medical University of Lublin, 20-093 Lublin, Poland
| | - Marcin Pasiarski
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Jan Kochanowski University, 25-317 Kielce, Poland;
- Department of Hematology, Holy Cross Cancer Centre, 25-734 Kielce, Poland; (J.S.-K.); (S.G.)
| | - Jolanta Smok-Kalwat
- Department of Hematology, Holy Cross Cancer Centre, 25-734 Kielce, Poland; (J.S.-K.); (S.G.)
| | - Stanisław Góźdź
- Department of Hematology, Holy Cross Cancer Centre, 25-734 Kielce, Poland; (J.S.-K.); (S.G.)
- Institute of Medical Science, Collegium Medicum, Jan Kochanowski University of Kielce, IX Wieków Kielc 19A, 25-317 Kielce, Poland
| | - Ewelina Grywalska
- Department of Experimental Immunology, Medical University of Lublin, 20-093 Lublin, Poland; (P.M.); (K.S.); (G.K.); (K.G.); (A.K.); (E.G.)
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26
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Deng Z, Guo T, Bi J, Wang G, Hu Y, Du H, Zhou Y, Jia S, Xing X, Ji J. Transcriptome profiling of patient-derived tumor xenografts suggests novel extracellular matrix-related signatures for gastric cancer prognosis prediction. J Transl Med 2023; 21:638. [PMID: 37726803 PMCID: PMC10510236 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-023-04473-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Accepted: 08/27/2023] [Indexed: 09/21/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND A major obstacle to the development of personalized therapies for gastric cancer (GC) is the prevalent heterogeneity at the intra-tumor, intra-patient, and inter-patient levels. Although the pathological stage and histological subtype diagnosis can approximately predict prognosis, GC heterogeneity is rarely considered. The extracellular matrix (ECM), a major component of the tumor microenvironment (TME), extensively interacts with tumor and immune cells, providing a possible proxy to investigate GC heterogeneity. However, ECM consists of numerous protein components, and there are no suitable models to screen ECM-related genes contributing to tumor growth and prognosis. We constructed patient-derived tumor xenograft (PDTX) models to obtain robust ECM-related transcriptomic signatures to improve GC prognosis prediction and therapy design. METHODS One hundred twenty two primary GC tumor tissues were collected to construct PDTX models. The tumorigenesis rate and its relationship with GC prognosis were investigated. Transcriptome profiling was performed for PDTX-originating tumors, and least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) Cox regression analysis was applied to extract prognostic ECM signatures and establish PDTX tumorigenicity-related gene (PTG) scores. The predictive ability of the PTG score was validated using two independent cohorts. Finally, we combined PTG score, age, and pathological stage information to establish a robust nomogram for GC prognosis prediction. RESULTS We found that PDTX tumorigenicity indicated a poor prognosis in patients with GC, even at the same pathological stage. Transcriptome profiling of PDTX-originating GC tissues and corresponding normal controls identified 383 differentially expressed genes, with enrichment of ECM-related genes. A robust prognosis prediction model using the PTG score showed robust performance in two validation cohorts. A high PTG score was associated with elevated M2 polarized macrophage and cancer-associated fibroblast infiltration. Finally, combining the PTG score with age and TNM stage resulted in a more effective prognostic model than age or TNM stage alone. CONCLUSIONS We found that ECM-related signatures may contribute to PDTX tumorigenesis and indicate a poor prognosis in GC. A feasible survival prediction model was built based on the PTG score, which was associated with immune cell infiltration. Together with patient ages and pathological TNM stages, PTG score could be a new approach for GC prognosis prediction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziqian Deng
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Division of Gastrointestinal Cancer Translational Research Laboratory, Peking University Cancer Hospital and Institute, Beijing, 100142, People's Republic of China
| | - Ting Guo
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Division of Gastrointestinal Cancer Translational Research Laboratory, Peking University Cancer Hospital and Institute, Beijing, 100142, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiwang Bi
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Division of Gastrointestinal Cancer Translational Research Laboratory, Peking University Cancer Hospital and Institute, Beijing, 100142, People's Republic of China
| | - Gangjian Wang
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Division of Gastrointestinal Cancer Translational Research Laboratory, Peking University Cancer Hospital and Institute, Beijing, 100142, People's Republic of China
| | - Ying Hu
- Biological Sample Bank, Peking University Cancer Hospital and Institute, Beijing, 100142, People's Republic of China
| | - Hong Du
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Division of Gastrointestinal Cancer Translational Research Laboratory, Peking University Cancer Hospital and Institute, Beijing, 100142, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuan Zhou
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, People's Republic of China.
| | - Shuqin Jia
- Department of Molecular Diagnosis, Peking University Cancer Hospital and Institute, Beijing, 100142, People's Republic of China.
| | - Xiaofang Xing
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Division of Gastrointestinal Cancer Translational Research Laboratory, Peking University Cancer Hospital and Institute, Beijing, 100142, People's Republic of China.
| | - Jiafu Ji
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Division of Gastrointestinal Cancer Translational Research Laboratory, Peking University Cancer Hospital and Institute, Beijing, 100142, People's Republic of China.
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Peking University Cancer Hospital and Institute, Beijing, 100142, People's Republic of China.
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Shin M, Ahn S, Jung J, Hyung S, Kim K, Kim ST, Kang WK, Lee J. Impact of programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) positivity on clinical and molecular features of patients with metastatic gastric cancer. Cancer Med 2023; 12:18633-18642. [PMID: 37654198 PMCID: PMC10557860 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.6472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2023] [Revised: 07/13/2023] [Accepted: 08/11/2023] [Indexed: 09/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) is an important screening biomarker to select patients with gastric cancer (GC) for optimized treatment, including immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI). METHODS In this single-institution retrospective cohort study, patients with metastatic GC with available PD-L1 results between October 2019 and September 2021 were identified by reviewing their electronic medical records. Genomic data were obtained from the Samsung Medical Center Clinical Sequencing Platform. RESULTS Among the 399 patients, 276 (69%) had a PD-L1 combined positive score (CPS) ≥1, 155 (39%) had a CPS between 1 and 5, and 121 (30%) had a CPS ≥5. Of the 121 patients with CPS ≥5, 28 (23%) had a known etiology for "inflamed tumor," with Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) positivity (N = 11) or high tumor mutational burden (TMB) (N = 17), which included microsatellite instability (MSI) (N = 9). PD-L1 CPS ≥5 was observed in 11/11 (100%) patients with EBV positivity, 9/12 (75%) patients with MSI, and 17/33 (52%) patients with high TMB. For the 108 patients who received ICI therapy, CPS ≥5 was the only predictor significantly associated with survival in multivariable analyses, including TMB, MSI, or EBV. Objective response rate (ORR) was 49% in patients with CPS ≥5, 30% in patients with 1 ≤ CPS <5, and 19% in patients with CPS <1. Among the 31 responders to ICI therapy, 27 (87%) had a CPS of ≥1. Mutations in TET2, IRS2, DOT1L, PTPRT, and LRP1B were associated with a higher ORR (63%-100%), whereas MDC1 mutations were associated with a low ORR (22%). CONCLUSIONS PD-L1 expression is an independent and sensitive biomarker for ICI therapy. Considering its significant association with several gene alterations, including PIK3CA mutations and MET amplification, combining ICI therapy with other targeted agents may be a promising therapeutic strategy for GC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minkyue Shin
- Division of Hematology‐Oncology, Department of MedicineSungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Samsung Medical CenterSeoulSouth Korea
| | - Soomin Ahn
- Department of Pathology and Translational GenomicsSungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Samsung Medical CenterSeoulSouth Korea
| | - Jaeyun Jung
- Innovative Institute for Precision Medicine, Samsung Medical CenterSeoulSouth Korea
| | - Sujin Hyung
- Innovative Institute for Precision Medicine, Samsung Medical CenterSeoulSouth Korea
| | - Kyoung‐Mee Kim
- Department of Pathology and Translational GenomicsSungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Samsung Medical CenterSeoulSouth Korea
| | - Seung Tae Kim
- Division of Hematology‐Oncology, Department of MedicineSungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Samsung Medical CenterSeoulSouth Korea
| | - Won Ki Kang
- Division of Hematology‐Oncology, Department of MedicineSungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Samsung Medical CenterSeoulSouth Korea
| | - Jeeyun Lee
- Division of Hematology‐Oncology, Department of MedicineSungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Samsung Medical CenterSeoulSouth Korea
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Selves J, Brunac AC. L’essentiel sur la biopsie gastrique tumorale. Cas no 5. Ann Pathol 2023; 43:389-393. [PMID: 37652800 DOI: 10.1016/j.annpat.2023.06.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2023] [Accepted: 06/16/2023] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Janick Selves
- Département d'anatomie et cytologie pathologiques, institut universitaire du cancer de Toulouse, 1, avenue Irène-Joliot-Curie, 31059 Toulouse, France.
| | - Anne-Cécile Brunac
- Département d'anatomie et cytologie pathologiques, institut universitaire du cancer de Toulouse, 1, avenue Irène-Joliot-Curie, 31059 Toulouse, France
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Koerner AS, Moy RH, Ryeom SW, Yoon SS. The Present and Future of Neoadjuvant and Adjuvant Therapy for Locally Advanced Gastric Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:4114. [PMID: 37627142 PMCID: PMC10452310 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15164114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2023] [Revised: 08/08/2023] [Accepted: 08/09/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Gastric cancer is a highly prevalent and lethal disease worldwide. Given the insidious nature of the presenting symptoms, patients are frequently diagnosed with advanced, unresectable disease. However, many patients will present with locally advanced gastric cancer (LAGC), which is often defined as the primary tumor extending beyond the muscularis propria (cT3-T4) or having nodal metastases (cN+) disease and without distant metastases (cM0). LAGC is typically treated with surgical resection and perioperative chemotherapy. The treatment of LAGC remains a challenge, given the heterogeneity of this disease, and the optimal multimodal treatment regimen may be different for different LAGC subtypes. However, many promising treatments are on the horizon based on knowledge of molecular subtypes and key biomarkers of LAGC, such as microsatellite instability, HER2, Claudin 18.2, FGFR2, and PD-L1. This review will expand upon the discussion of current standard neoadjuvant and adjuvant therapies for LAGC and explore the ongoing and future clinical trials for novel therapies, with information obtained from searches in PubMed and ClinicalTrials.gov.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna S. Koerner
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
- Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Ryan H. Moy
- Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Sandra W. Ryeom
- Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
- Division of Surgical Sciences, Department of Surgery, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Sam S. Yoon
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
- Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
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30
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Glover MJ, Bien J, Chen CT. Toward Precision Perioperative Therapy in GI Malignancies. JCO Precis Oncol 2023; 7:e2200381. [PMID: 37625103 DOI: 10.1200/po.22.00381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2022] [Revised: 05/16/2023] [Accepted: 06/23/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The term precision oncology typically refers to molecularly guided therapies against cancer. Less appreciated but also critically important is molecular identification of patients with resectable disease who are most likely to benefit from perioperative drugs, and tailored selection of such drugs. We call this idea precision perioperative therapy. Over the past several years, use of precision perioperative approaches for patients with localized GI cancers has expanded in clinical trials and practice. Here, we summarize the status of the field and highlight areas of future innovation. METHODS Using PubMed, we reviewed articles published from 2017 to 2023 in English. We used search terms "adjuvant," "perioperative," "neoadjuvant," and "precision medicine" for various types of GI malignancies. Information about ongoing clinical trials was accessed through ClinicalTrials.gov, accessed January 2023. RESULTS Paradigms such as minimal residual disease detection via circulating tumor DNA and perioperative immunotherapy in lieu of chemotherapy for mismatch repair-deficient disease may lead to reduced toxicity and improved long-term outcomes in select populations. Molecularly targeted drugs that have shown activity against metastatic disease may also hold promise in the curable setting. CONCLUSION The field is very much in development, but emerging data demonstrate early promise. We are optimistic that ongoing research efforts will increasingly bring precision perioperative therapy to patients with resectable GI malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jeffrey Bien
- Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA
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31
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Nie Y, Zhao W, Lu L, Zhou F. Predictive biomarkers and new developments of immunotherapy in gastric cancer: a 2023 update. Am J Cancer Res 2023; 13:3169-3184. [PMID: 37559976 PMCID: PMC10408463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Accepted: 06/29/2023] [Indexed: 08/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Gastric cancer is an extremely common digestive tract tumor. The promotion and application of standardized therapy, treatment scheme optimization, and development of new targeted drugs and immunotherapies have improved gastric cancer survival somewhat. However, gastric cancer prognosis generally remains non-optimistic. Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) have gradually become a new choice for gastric cancer treatment and can prolong the survival of some patients. Among them, high-microsatellite instability, Epstein-Barr virus-positive status, or high-tumor mutational burden patients with gastric cancer may be the potential population to benefit from immunotherapy. Nevertheless, there remains a lack of unified and effective predictive markers. Accordingly, this review mainly focused on the possible predictive biomarkers of anti-PD-1/PD-L1 in gastric cancer treatment. Furthermore, the application of anti-PD-1/PD-L1 therapy-related clinical trials on gastric cancer is discussed. The current findings suggest that immunotherapy is a promising application in gastric cancer treatment. Therefore, combining immunotherapy and other therapies may be the trend in the future. Nevertheless, exploring biomarkers to predict ICI response remains a major challenge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanli Nie
- Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, Hubei Cancer Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhan 430079, Hubei, China
| | - Wei Zhao
- PLA Rocket Force Characteristic Medical CenterBeijing 100088, China
| | - Li Lu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgical Oncology, Hubei Cancer Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhan 430079, Hubei, China
| | - Fuxiang Zhou
- Department of Radiation Oncology and Medical Oncology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan UniversityWuhan 430071, Hubei, China
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Liu Y, Zheng H, Gu AM, Li Y, Wang T, Li C, Gu Y, Lin J, Ding X. Identification and Validation of a Metabolism-Related Prognostic Signature Associated with M2 Macrophage Infiltration in Gastric Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:10625. [PMID: 37445803 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241310625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2023] [Revised: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 06/16/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
High levels of M2 macrophage infiltration invariably contribute to poor cancer prognosis and can be manipulated by metabolic reprogramming in the tumor microenvironment. However, the metabolism-related genes (MRGs) affecting M2 macrophage infiltration and their clinical implications are not fully understood. In this study, we identified 173 MRGs associated with M2 macrophage infiltration in cases of gastric cancer (GC) using the TCGA and GEO databases. Twelve MRGs were eventually adopted as the prognostic signature to develop a risk model. In the high-risk group, the patients showed poorer survival outcomes than patients in the low-risk group. Additionally, the patients in the high-risk group were less sensitive to certain drugs, such as 5-Fluorouracil, Oxaliplatin, and Cisplatin. Risk scores were positively correlated with the infiltration of multiple immune cells, including CD8+ T cells and M2 macrophages. Furthermore, a difference was observed in the expression and distribution between the 12 signature genes in the tumor microenvironment through single-cell sequencing analysis. In vitro experiments proved that the M2 polarization of macrophages was suppressed by Sorcin-knockdown GC cells, thereby hindering the proliferation and migration of GC cells. These findings provide a valuable prognostic signature for evaluating clinical outcomes and corresponding treatment options and identifying potential targets for GC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunze Liu
- The First Clinical Medical College, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Haocheng Zheng
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Anna Meilin Gu
- Biology Department: Physiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98105, USA
| | - Yuan Li
- National Institute of TCM Constitution and Preventive Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Tieshan Wang
- Beijing Research Institute of Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Chengze Li
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Yixiao Gu
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Jie Lin
- National Institute of TCM Constitution and Preventive Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Xia Ding
- The First Clinical Medical College, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
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Pawluczuk E, Łukaszewicz-Zając M, Mroczko B. The Comprehensive Analysis of Specific Proteins as Novel Biomarkers Involved in the Diagnosis and Progression of Gastric Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24108833. [PMID: 37240178 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24108833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Revised: 05/12/2023] [Accepted: 05/14/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Gastric cancer (GC) cases are predicted to rise by 2040 to approximately 1.8 million cases, while GC-caused deaths to 1.3 million yearly worldwide. To change this prognosis, there is a need to improve the diagnosis of GC patients because this deadly malignancy is usually detected at an advanced stage. Therefore, new biomarkers of early GC are sorely needed. In the present paper, we summarized and referred to a number of original pieces of research concerning the clinical significance of specific proteins as potential biomarkers for GC in comparison to well-established tumor markers for this malignancy. It has been proved that selected chemokines and their specific receptors, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), specific proteins such as interleukin 6 (IL-6) and C-reactive protein (CRP), matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and their tissue inhibitors (TIMPs), a disintegrin and metalloproteinase with thrombospondin motifs (ADAMTS), as well as DNA- and RNA-based biomarkers, and c-MET (tyrosine-protein kinase Met) play a role in the pathogenesis of GC. Based on the recent scientific literature, our review indicates that presented specific proteins are potential biomarkers in the diagnosis and progression of GC as well as might be used as prognostic factors of GC patients' survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elżbieta Pawluczuk
- Department of Neurodegeneration Diagnostics, Medical University of Bialystok, 15-269 Bialystok, Poland
| | - Marta Łukaszewicz-Zając
- Department of Biochemical Diagnostics, Medical University of Bialystok, Waszyngtona 15a, 15-269 Bialystok, Poland
| | - Barbara Mroczko
- Department of Neurodegeneration Diagnostics, Medical University of Bialystok, 15-269 Bialystok, Poland
- Department of Biochemical Diagnostics, Medical University of Bialystok, Waszyngtona 15a, 15-269 Bialystok, Poland
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Zuo Y, Xiao H, Lv D, Huang M, Wang L, Liu J, Zhang K, Shen J, Wang Z, Wu Q, Xu Y. Infection pattern and immunological characteristics of Epstein-Barr virus latent infection in cervical squamous cell carcinoma. J Med Virol 2023; 95:e28717. [PMID: 37184049 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.28717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2022] [Revised: 01/24/2023] [Accepted: 03/30/2023] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Previous studies reported the association between Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) and cervical squamous cell carcinoma (CSCC), but its infection pattern and clinical significance unclear. This study aimed to comprehensively investigate the infection pattern, clinicopathology, outcomes, and immunology of this entity in central China. We evaluated a total of 104 untreated CSCC tumor tissue specimens using in situ hybridization for EBV-encoded small RNAs (EBERs), and by employing flowcytometry fluorescence hybridization for human papillomavirus (HPV) genotyping. The expression of EBV latency proteins and immune biomarkers was evaluated and quantified by immunohistochemistry. EBERs transcripts were detected in 21 (20.2%) cases overall (in malignant epithelial cells of 13 cases and in lymphocytes of 8 cases). EBV belonged to latency type I infection in CSCC. The high-risk (HR)-HPV was detected in all of EBV-positive CSCC, and the difference of detection rate of HR-HPV was significant when compared with EBV-negative CSCC (p = 0.001). The specific clinicopathology with increased frequency of advanced clinical stages, tumor-positive lymph nodes, neural invasion, and increased infiltration depth (all p value < 0.05) were observed in cases with EBV. However, EBV infection was found to have no impact on prognosis of patients with CSCC. Increased densities of forkhead box P3 (FoxP3)+-tumor infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) (p = 0.005) and cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated protein 4 (CTLA-4)+-TILs (p = 0.017) and higher expression of programmed cell death-1 (PD-1) (p = 0.002) and programmed cell death-1 ligand 1 (PD-L1) (p = 0.040) were associated with EBV latent infection in CSCC, and these immunological changes were more likely to be associated with the infection in lymphocytes rather than tumor cells. Moreover, in patients with HPV-positive CSCC, similar significant differences were still found. In conclusions, EBV-positive CSCC may have specific infection pattern and clinicopathology and can exhibit an immunosuppressive microenvironment dominated by Treg cells aggregation and immune checkpoint activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Zuo
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
- Department of Pathogen Biology and Provincial Laboratories of Pathogen Biology and Zoonoses, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Han Xiao
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Dongmei Lv
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
- Department of Pathogen Biology and Provincial Laboratories of Pathogen Biology and Zoonoses, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Miaomiao Huang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Study on Abnormal Gametes and Reproductive Tract, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Lianzi Wang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
- Department of Pathogen Biology and Provincial Laboratories of Pathogen Biology and Zoonoses, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Jiaqing Liu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Ke Zhang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
- Department of Pathogen Biology and Provincial Laboratories of Pathogen Biology and Zoonoses, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Jilong Shen
- Department of Pathogen Biology and Provincial Laboratories of Pathogen Biology and Zoonoses, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Zhongxin Wang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Qiang Wu
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Yuanhong Xu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
- Department of Pathogen Biology and Provincial Laboratories of Pathogen Biology and Zoonoses, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
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An G, He XC, Bai J, Wang J. Immune checkpoint inhibitors are effective in the treatment of Epstein-Barr virus-associated gastric cancer: A case report. Medicine (Baltimore) 2023; 102:e33377. [PMID: 37000076 PMCID: PMC10063274 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000033377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2023] [Accepted: 03/08/2023] [Indexed: 04/01/2023] Open
Abstract
RATIONALE Gastric cancer (GC) is one of the most common malignancies globally, and its occurrence and development are associated with genetic, dietary, biological, and immune factors. Epstein-Barr virus-associated gastric cancer (EBVaGC), as a special subtype of GC, has become a research hotspot in recent years. In patients with advanced GC, Epstein-Barr virus infection is closely related to lymph node metastasis, depth of tumor invasion, and poor prognosis. There is great clinical need for a new treatment modality for EBVaGC. Advances in molecular biology and cancer genetics have led to the development of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs); patients treated with ICIs experience clinical benefit and few adverse effects. PATIENT CONCERNS AND DIAGNOSES We report a 31-year-old male with advanced EBVaGC and multiple sites of lymph node metastasis who was intolerant to multiple lines of chemotherapy. INTERVENTIONS AND OUTCOME After immune checkpoint inhibitor treatment, both primary and metastatic tumors shrank significantly without noticeable adverse reactions. After 21 months of progression-free status, the patient underwent R0 resection. LESSONS This case report provides evidence for the use of ICIs in treating EBVaGC. It also shows that detection of Epstein-Barr virus-encoded small nuclear RNA may be a prognostic factor in gastric cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaili An
- Department of Internal Medicine Oncology, Shaanxi Provincial People’s Hospital, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xin Cheng He
- Department of Internal Medicine Oncology, Shaanxi Provincial People’s Hospital, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jun Bai
- Department of Internal Medicine Oncology, Shaanxi Provincial People’s Hospital, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jianhua Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Shaanxi Provincial People’s Hospital, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
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Park S, Karalis JD, Hong C, Clemenceau JR, Porembka MR, Kim IH, Lee SH, Wang SC, Cheong JH, Hwang TH. ACTA2 Expression Predicts Survival and Is Associated with Response to Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors in Gastric Cancer. Clin Cancer Res 2023; 29:1077-1085. [PMID: 36508166 PMCID: PMC10173146 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-22-1897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2022] [Revised: 09/24/2022] [Accepted: 12/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE We sought to identify biomarkers that predict overall survival (OS) and response to immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) for patients with gastric cancer. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN This was a retrospective study of multiple independent cohorts of patients with gastric cancer. The association between tumor ACTA2 expression and OS and ICI response were determined in patients whose tumors were analyzed with bulk mRNA sequencing. Single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) and digital spatial profiling data were used to compare tumors from patients with gastric cancer who did and did not respond to ICI. RESULTS Increasing tumor ACTA2 expression was independently associated with worse OS in a 567-patient discovery cohort [HR, 1.28 per unit increase; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.02-1.62]. This finding was validated in three independent cohorts (n = 974; HR, 1.52 per unit increase; 95% CI, 1.34-1.73). Of the 108 patients treated with ICI, 56% of patients with low ACTA2 expression responded to ICI versus 25% of patients with high ACTA2 expression (P = 0.004). In an analysis of a publicly available scRNA-seq dataset of 5 microsatellite instability-high patients treated with ICI, the patient who responded to ICI had lower tumor stromal ACTA2 expression than the 4 nonresponders. Digital spatial profiling of tumor samples from 4 ICI responders and 5 ICI nonresponders revealed that responders may have lower ACTA2 expression in α-SMA-positive cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAF) than nonresponders (median: 5.00 vs. 5.50). CONCLUSIONS ACTA2 expression is associated with survival and ICI response in patients with gastric cancer. ACTA2 expression in CAFs, but not in other cellular compartments, appears to be associated with ICI response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunho Park
- Department of Artificial Intelligence and Informatics, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL
| | - John D. Karalis
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX
| | - Changjin Hong
- Department of Artificial Intelligence and Informatics, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL
| | - Jean R. Clemenceau
- Department of Artificial Intelligence and Informatics, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL
| | - Matthew R. Porembka
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX
| | - In-Ho Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Medical Oncology, Seoul St. Mary’s Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Sung Hak Lee
- Department of Hospital Pathology, Seoul St. Mary’s Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Sam C. Wang
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX
| | - Jae-Ho Cheong
- Department of Surgery, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
- Department of Biomedical Systems Informatics, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Tae Hyun Hwang
- Department of Artificial Intelligence and Informatics, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL
- Department of Immunology, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL
- Department of Cancer Biology, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL
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Wu YX, Zhou XY, Wang JQ, Chen GM, Chen JX, Wang RC, Huang JQ, Chen JS. Application of immune checkpoint inhibitors in immunotherapy for gastric cancer. Immunotherapy 2023; 15:101-115. [PMID: 36597704 DOI: 10.2217/imt-2022-0080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Gastric cancer is the fifth most common cancer worldwide. With the development of immunotherapy, especially the application of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs), the prognosis of advanced gastric cancer has improved. At present, ICIs combined with other therapies or dual ICI strategies in the treatment of advanced gastric cancer have shown clinical effectiveness and controllable safety. In addition, predictive biomarkers facilitate the precise selection of patients. Therefore, it is crucial to explore rational combinations and reliable predictive biomarkers for ICI therapy. This article reviews the recent advances in ICIs and relevant predictive biomarkers in the treatment of gastric cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Xiang Wu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510120, China
| | - Xiao-Yu Zhou
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510120, China
| | - Jian-Qi Wang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510120, China
| | - Gao-Min Chen
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510120, China
| | - Jin-Xu Chen
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510120, China
| | - Rong-Chang Wang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510120, China
| | - Jiong-Qiang Huang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510120, China
| | - Jing-Song Chen
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510120, China
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Zeng Z, Liu Z, Li J, Sun J, Ma M, Ye X, Yu J, Kang W. Baseline splenic volume as a biomarker for clinical outcome and circulating lymphocyte count in gastric cancer. Front Oncol 2023; 12:1065716. [PMID: 36793344 PMCID: PMC9923954 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.1065716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2022] [Accepted: 12/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The spleen is the largest peripheral lymphoid organ in the body. Studies have implicated the spleen in the development of cancer. However, it is unknown whether splenic volume (SV) is associated with the clinical outcome of gastric cancer. Methods Data of gastric cancer patients treated with surgical resection were retrospectively analyzed. Patients were divided into three groups: underweight, normal-weight and overweight. Overall survival was compared in patients with high and low splenic volume. The correlation between splenic volume and peripheral immune cells were analyzed. Results Of 541 patients, 71.2% were male and the median age was 60. Underweight, normal-weight and overweight patients accounted for 5.4%, 62.3% and 32.3%, respectively. High splenic volume was associated with unfavorable prognosis across the three groups. In addition, the increase of splenic volume during neoadjuvant chemotherapy was not associated with prognosis. The baseline splenic volume was negatively correlated with lymphocytes (r=-0.21, p<0.001) and positively correlated with NLR (neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio) (r=0.24, p<0.001). In a group of patients (n=56), splenic volume was found to have negative correlation with CD4+T cells (r=-0.27, p=0.041) and NK cells (r=-0.30, p=0.025). Conclusions The presence of high splenic volume is a biomarker of unfavorable prognosis and reduced circulating lymphocytes in gastric cancer.
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Comprehensive Analysis of Clinicopathological and Molecular Features to Predict Anti-PD-1-Based Therapy Efficacy in Patients with Advanced Gastric Signet Ring Cell Carcinoma. J Pers Med 2023; 13:jpm13010115. [PMID: 36675776 PMCID: PMC9861489 DOI: 10.3390/jpm13010115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2022] [Revised: 01/02/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Signet ring cell carcinoma (SRCC) is a specific type of gastric cancer. The clinicopathological and molecular characteristics that can be used to predict the response to anti-PD-1 therapy for these patients are still not clear. METHODS Patients with advanced SRCC who received first-line anti-PD-1-based treatment were enrolled in this study. The clinicopathological characteristics of these patients were obtained from their medical records. The molecular features of these patients were analyzed by means of a next-generation-sequencing-based panel. The predictive significance of clinicopathological and molecular features for efficacy was analyzed. RESULTS A total of 71 patients with measurable lesions were included in this study, among which 46 patients had enough tissues for next-generation sequencing. The overall objective response rate (ORR) was 46.4%. ORR was significantly higher in mismatch repair (MMR)-deficient (dMMR) patients than in MMR-proficient (pMMR) patients, in patients with lymph node metastasis only than those with other metastasis sites, and in patients with an Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status (ECOG PS) of 0 than with a PS of 1 or 2. The progression-free survival was significantly longer in patients with dMMR, lymph node metastasis only, PD-L1 combined positive score (CPS) ≥ 5, and CDH1 wild type. CONCLUSIONS Several clinicopathological and molecular features are associated with anti-PD-1 treatment efficacy in SRCC, which might be used to identify patients who can benefit most from these therapies.
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Yoon J, Kim TY, Oh DY. Recent Progress in Immunotherapy for Gastric Cancer. J Gastric Cancer 2023; 23:207-223. [PMID: 36751000 PMCID: PMC9911614 DOI: 10.5230/jgc.2023.23.e10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2022] [Revised: 12/15/2022] [Accepted: 01/02/2023] [Indexed: 02/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Gastric cancer (GC) is the fourth leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide. Under the standard of care, patients with advanced GC (AGC) have a median survival time of approximately 12-15 months. With the emergence of immunotherapy as a key therapeutic strategy in medical oncology, relevant changes are expected in the systemic treatment of GC. In the phase III ATTRACTION-2 trial, nivolumab, a monoclonal anti-programmed cell death 1 (PD-1) antibody, as a third- or later-line treatment improved overall survival (OS) compared with placebo in patients with AGC. Furthermore, nivolumab in combination with 5-fluorouracil and platinum as a first-line treatment improved OS in patients with human epidermal growth factor receptor-2 (HER2)-negative AGC in the global phase III CheckMate-649 study. Another anti-PD-1 antibody, pembrolizumab, in combination with trastuzumab and cytotoxic chemotherapy as a first-line treatment, significantly improved the overall response rate in patients with HER2-positive AGC. Therefore, immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) are essential components of the current treatment of GC. Subsequent treatments after ICI combination therapy, such as ICI rechallenge or combination therapy with agents having other modes of action, are being actively investigated to date. On the basis of the success of immunotherapy in the treatment of AGC, various clinical trials are underway to apply this therapeutic strategy in the perioperative and postoperative settings for patients with early GC. This review describes recent progress in immunotherapy and potential immunotherapy biomarkers for GC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeesun Yoon
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Tae-Yong Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.,Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Do-Youn Oh
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.,Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.,Integrated Major in Innovative Medical Science, Seoul National University Graduate School, Seoul, Korea.
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Gao J, Zhao Z, Zhang H, Huang S, Xu M, Pan H. Transcriptomic characterization and construction of M2 macrophage-related prognostic and immunotherapeutic signature in ovarian metastasis of gastric cancer. Cancer Immunol Immunother 2022; 72:1121-1138. [PMID: 36336725 DOI: 10.1007/s00262-022-03316-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2022] [Accepted: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ovarian metastasis (OM) poses a major threat to the outcome of gastric cancer (GC) patients. Recently, immunotherapy emerged as a novel promising therapeutic strategy to treat late-stage GC, whereas its efficacy is influenced by tumor immune microenvironment (TIME). M2 macrophage, a key subset within TIME, plays dual immunosuppressive and pro-tumorigenic roles in cancer progression and is recognized as a potential therapeutic target. However, molecular mechanisms underlying OM remain elusive and the TIME-related prognostic and immunotherapeutic index for these patients is yet to establish. METHODS Differential expressed genes (DEGs) between paired normal mucosa, primary GC and OM of patients from Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center (FUSCC) cohort (n = 6) were identified by transcriptome sequencing, followed by the functional annotation of enriched hallmark pathways of DEGs between them. CIBERSORT was used to profile the relative expression level of 22 immune cell subsets in normal tissues, primary and metastatic tumors, followed by weighted gene coexpression network analysis (WGCNA) uncovering immune cell-correlated gene sets. The intersected genes between DEGs and M2 macrophage-related genes were processed by least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) regression analysis to construct a predictive signature, M2GO, which was further validated by training set and test set of The Cancer Genome Atlas-Stomach Adenocarcinoma (TCGA-STAD), GSE62254 and GSE84437 cohorts. GC patients were divided into M2GO-high and -low subgroup according to the optimal cutoff value of the M2GO score. Furthermore, the clinical, molecular and immune features between M2GO-high and -low subgroups were analyzed. Clinical cohorts of immunotherapy were used to validate the predictive value of M2GO in regard to immunotherapy effectiveness. RESULTS Transcriptomic sequencing and follow-up analyses of triple-matched normal tissues, primary and ovarian metastatic tumors identified distinctive sets of DEGs and enriched immune-, cancer- and metastasis-related pathways between them. Of note, M2 macrophage, a major immunosuppressive and pro-tumorigenic component within TIME, was significantly up-regulated in OMs. WGCNA and LASSO regression were applied to establish a novel OM- and M2 macrophage-related predictive signature, M2GO, based on M2 macrophage-related prognostic genes including GJA1, MAGED1 and SERPINE1. M2GO served as an independent prognostic factor of GC patients. Comprehensive molecular and immune characterization of M2GO-based subgroups uncovered their distinctive features in terms of enriched functional pathways, tumor mutation burden, key immune checkpoints, major regulators of natural immune cGAS-STING pathway, infiltrated subsets of immune cells and tumor immune exclusion/dysfunction (TIDE) score. Notably, the M2GO score was significantly lower in responsive group than non-responsive group (P < 0.05) in clinical cohort of metastatic GC patients undergoing immunotherapy. CONCLUSION Transcriptomic characterization of paired normal mucosae, primary and ovarian metastatic tumors revealed their unique molecular and immune features. Follow-up analyses established a novel OM- and M2 macrophage-related signature, M2GO, which served as a promising prognostic and immunotherapeutic biomarker to distinguish the clinical outcome, molecular and immune features of GC patients and predict their differential responses to immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianpeng Gao
- Department of Gastric Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, 200032, China.
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China.
| | - Zhenxiong Zhao
- Department of Gastric Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Hena Zhang
- Department of Integrative Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, and the Shanghai Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, The International Co-Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics and Metabolism, Ministry of Science and Technology, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Shenglin Huang
- Department of Integrative Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, and the Shanghai Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, The International Co-Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics and Metabolism, Ministry of Science and Technology, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Midie Xu
- Department of Pathology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, 200032, China.
- Institute of Pathology, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China.
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China.
| | - Hongda Pan
- Department of Gastric Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, 200032, China.
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China.
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Zhang FL, Li DQ. Targeting Chromatin-Remodeling Factors in Cancer Cells: Promising Molecules in Cancer Therapy. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:12815. [PMID: 36361605 PMCID: PMC9655648 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232112815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Revised: 10/12/2022] [Accepted: 10/19/2022] [Indexed: 03/28/2024] Open
Abstract
ATP-dependent chromatin-remodeling complexes can reorganize and remodel chromatin and thereby act as important regulator in various cellular processes. Based on considerable studies over the past two decades, it has been confirmed that the abnormal function of chromatin remodeling plays a pivotal role in genome reprogramming for oncogenesis in cancer development and/or resistance to cancer therapy. Recently, exciting progress has been made in the identification of genetic alteration in the genes encoding the chromatin-remodeling complexes associated with tumorigenesis, as well as in our understanding of chromatin-remodeling mechanisms in cancer biology. Here, we present preclinical evidence explaining the signaling mechanisms involving the chromatin-remodeling misregulation-induced cancer cellular processes, including DNA damage signaling, metastasis, angiogenesis, immune signaling, etc. However, even though the cumulative evidence in this field provides promising emerging molecules for therapeutic explorations in cancer, more research is needed to assess the clinical roles of these genetic cancer targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang-Lin Zhang
- Shanghai Cancer Center and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
- Cancer Institute, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Da-Qiang Li
- Shanghai Cancer Center and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
- Cancer Institute, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
- Department of Breast Surgery, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Radiation Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
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Prevalence of Epstein-Barr Virus Infection and Mismatch Repair Protein Deficiency and the Correlation of Immune Markers in Tibetan Patients with Gastric Cancer. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 2022:2684065. [PMID: 35734348 PMCID: PMC9208987 DOI: 10.1155/2022/2684065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2021] [Revised: 05/13/2022] [Accepted: 05/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Background Gastric cancer (GC) is a major cause of cancer-related death in China. Immunotherapies based on PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors have improved the survival of some patients with GC. Epstein–Barr virus (EBV) infection, mismatch repair (MMR) deficiency, and tumor immune microenvironment (TIME) markers (such as CD3, CD8, and PD-L1) may help to identify specific patients who will respond to PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors. Considering racial heterogeneity, the pattern of TIME markers in Tibetan patients with GC is still unclear. We aimed to identify the prevalence of EBV infection and the MMR status and their association with immune markers in Tibetan GC to aid in patient selection for immunotherapy. Materials and Methods From 2001 to 2015, we retrospectively collected 120 tissue samples from consecutive Tibetan GC patients and constructed tissue microarrays. EBV infection was assessed by Epstein–Barr-encoded RNA (EBER) in situ hybridization, and MMR protein levels were measured. Immune markers (including CD3 and CD8) in intraepithelial, stromal, and total areas were detected by immunohistochemistry (IHC). PD-L1 expression was assessed by the combined positive score (CPS). We also analyzed the relationships of EBV infection and MMR status with immune markers. Results Of the 120 samples, 11 (9.17%) were EBV positive (+), and 6 (5%) were MMR deficient (dMMR). PD-L1 CPS ≥1% was found in 32.5% (39/120) of Tibetan GC patients. EBV infection was associated with higher numbers of CD3+ T cells (P < 0.05) and CD8+ T cells (P < 0.05) and higher PD-L1 expression (P < 0.05). For the limited number of dMMR patients, no significant relationship was observed between dMMR and TIME markers (P > 0.05). Conclusions In Tibetan GC patients, the rates of EBV infection, dMMR, and positive PD-L1 expression were 9.17%, 5%, and 32.5%, respectively. EBV infection was associated with the numbers of CD3+ T cells and CD8+ T cells and PD-L1 expression within the tumor. These markers may guide the selection of Tibetan GC patients for immunotherapy.
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