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Yin N, Luo C, Wei L, Yang G, Bo L, Mao C. The mechanisms of MicroRNA 21 in premature ovarian insufficiency mice with mesenchymal stem cells transplantation : The involved molecular and immunological mechanisms. J Ovarian Res 2024; 17:75. [PMID: 38575997 PMCID: PMC10996253 DOI: 10.1186/s13048-024-01390-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2023] [Accepted: 03/13/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Umbilical cord-derived mesenchymal stem cell (UCMSC) transplantation has been deeply explored for premature ovarian insufficiency (POI) disease. However, the associated mechanism remains to be researched. To explore whether and how the microRNA 21 (miR-21) functions in POI mice with UCMSCs transplantation, the autoimmune-induced POI mice model was built up, transplanted with or without UCMSCs transfect with the LV-hsa-miR-21-5p/LV-hsa-miR-21-5p-inhibition, with the transfection efficiency analyzed by QRT-PCR. Mice hormone secretion and the anti-Zona pellucida antibody (AZPAb) levels were analyzed, the ovarian morphological changes and folliculogenesis were observed, and the ovarian apoptosis cells were detected to evaluate ovarian function. The expression and localization of the PTEN/Akt/FOXO3a signal pathway-related cytokines were analyzed in mice ovaries.Additionally, the spleen levels of CD8 + CD28-T cells were tested and qualified with its significant secretory factor, interleukin 10 (IL-10). We found that with the LV-hsa-miR-21-5p-inhibition-UCMSCs transplantation, the mice ovarian function can be hardly recovered than mice with LV-NC-UCMSCs transplantation, and the PTEN/Akt/FOXO3a signal pathway was activated. The expression levels of the CD8 + CD28-T cells were decreased, with the decreased levels of the IL-10 expression. In contrast, in mice with the LV-hsa-miR-21-5p-UCMSCs transplantation, the injured ovarian function can be reversed, and the PTEN/AKT/FOXO3a signal pathway was detected activated, with the increased levels of the CD8 + CD28-T cells, and the increased serum levels of IL-10. In conclusion, miR-21 improves the ovarian function recovery of POI mice with UCMSCs transplantation, and the mechanisms may be through suppressing the PTEN/AKT/FOXO3a signal pathway and up-regulating the circulating of the CD8 + CD28-T cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Yin
- Reproductive Medicine Center, First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 899 Pinghai Rd, Suzhou, 215000, Jiangsu, China
- International Peace Maternity and Child Health Hospital of China Welfare Institute, Shanghai, 200030, China
| | - Chao Luo
- Reproductive Medicine Center, First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 899 Pinghai Rd, Suzhou, 215000, Jiangsu, China
| | - Lun Wei
- Reproductive Medicine Center, First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 899 Pinghai Rd, Suzhou, 215000, Jiangsu, China
| | - Guangzhao Yang
- Reproductive Medicine Center, First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 899 Pinghai Rd, Suzhou, 215000, Jiangsu, China
| | - Le Bo
- Reproductive Medicine Center, First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 899 Pinghai Rd, Suzhou, 215000, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Caiping Mao
- Reproductive Medicine Center, First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 899 Pinghai Rd, Suzhou, 215000, Jiangsu, China.
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Qiu H, Liang J, Yang G, Xie Z, Wang Z, Wang L, Zhang J, Nanda HS, Zhou H, Huang Y, Peng X, Lu C, Chen H, Zhou Y. Application of exosomes in tumor immunity: recent progresses. Front Cell Dev Biol 2024; 12:1372847. [PMID: 38633106 PMCID: PMC11021734 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2024.1372847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2024] [Accepted: 03/13/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Exosomes are small extracellular vesicles secreted by cells, ranging in size from 30 to 150 nm. They contain proteins, nucleic acids, lipids, and other bioactive molecules, which play a crucial role in intercellular communication and material transfer. In tumor immunity, exosomes present various functions while the following two are of great importance: regulating the immune response and serving as delivery carriers. This review starts with the introduction of the formation, compositions, functions, isolation, characterization, and applications of exosomes, and subsequently discusses the current status of exosomes in tumor immunotherapy, and the recent applications of exosome-based tumor immunity regulation and antitumor drug delivery. Finally, current challenge and future prospects are proposed and hope to demonstrate inspiration for targeted readers in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiyan Qiu
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, China
| | - Junting Liang
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, China
| | - Guang Yang
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, China
| | - Zhenyu Xie
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, China
| | - Zhenpeng Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, China
| | - Liyan Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, China
| | - Jingying Zhang
- The First Dongguan Affiliated Hospital, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, China
| | - Himansu Sekhar Nanda
- Biomedical Engineering and Technology Lab, Discipline of Mechanical Engineering, PDPM Indian Institute of Information Technology Design and Manufacturing Jabalpur, Jabalpur, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Hui Zhou
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, China
| | - Yong Huang
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, China
| | - Xinsheng Peng
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, China
| | - Chengyu Lu
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, China
| | - Huizhi Chen
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, China
- The First Dongguan Affiliated Hospital, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, China
| | - Yubin Zhou
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, China
- The First Dongguan Affiliated Hospital, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, China
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3
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Li X, Ji LJ, Feng KD, Huang H, Liang MR, Cheng SJ, Meng XD. Emerging role of exosomes in ulcerative colitis: Targeting NOD-like receptor family pyrin domain containing 3 inflammasome. World J Gastroenterol 2024; 30:527-541. [PMID: 38463022 PMCID: PMC10921143 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v30.i6.527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2023] [Revised: 11/21/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 02/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a chronic recurrent inflammatory bowel disease. Despite ongoing advances in our understanding of UC, its pathogenesis is yet unelucidated, underscoring the urgent need for novel treatment strategies for patients with UC. Exosomes are nanoscale membrane particles that mediate intercellular communication by carrying various bioactive molecules, such as proteins, RNAs, DNA, and metabolites. The NOD-like receptor family pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome is a cytosolic tripartite protein complex whose activation induces the maturation and secretion of proinflammatory cytokines interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and IL-18, triggering the inflammatory response to a pathogenic agent or injury. Growing evidence suggests that exosomes are new modulators of the NLRP3 inflammasome, with vital roles in the pathological process of UC. Here, recent evidence is reviewed on the role of exosomes and NLRP3 inflammasome in UC. First, the dual role of exosomes on NLRP3 inflammasome and the effect of NLRP3 inflammasome on exosome secretion are summarized. Finally, an outlook on the directions of exosome-NLRP3 inflammasome crosstalk research in the context of UC is proposed and areas of further research on this topic are highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Li
- School of Basic Medicine, Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang 550025, Guizhou Province, China
| | - Li-Jiang Ji
- Department of Anorectal Surgery, Changshu Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Changshu 215500, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Kai-Di Feng
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Hua Huang
- Department of Anorectal Surgery, Changshu Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Changshu 215500, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Mei-Rou Liang
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Shi-Jin Cheng
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Xiu-Dong Meng
- School of Basic Medicine, Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang 550025, Guizhou Province, China
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Mladenović D, Vesković M, Šutulović N, Hrnčić D, Stanojlović O, Radić L, Macut JB, Macut D. Adipose-derived extracellular vesicles - a novel cross-talk mechanism in insulin resistance, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, and polycystic ovary syndrome. Endocrine 2024:10.1007/s12020-024-03702-w. [PMID: 38285412 DOI: 10.1007/s12020-024-03702-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2023] [Accepted: 01/14/2024] [Indexed: 01/30/2024]
Abstract
Obesity is the best described risk factor for the development of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD)/metabolic dysfunction associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) and polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) while the major pathogenic mechanism linking these entities is insulin resistance (IR). IR is primarily caused by increased secretion of proinflammatory cytokines, adipokines, and lipids from visceral adipose tissue. Increased fatty acid mobilization results in ectopic fat deposition in the liver which causes endoplasmic reticulum stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, and oxidative stress resulting in increased cytokine production and subsequent inflammation. Similarly, IR with hyperinsulinemia cause hyperandrogenism, the hallmark of PCOS, and inflammation in the ovaries. Proinflammatory cytokines from both liver and ovaries aggravate IR thus providing a complex interaction between adipose tissue, liver, and ovaries in inducing metabolic abnormalities in obese subjects. Although many pathogenic mechanisms of IR, NAFLD/MASLD, and PCOS are known, there is still no effective therapy for these entities suggesting the need for further evaluation of their pathogenesis. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) represent a novel cross-talk mechanism between organs and include membrane-bound vesicles containing proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids that may change the phenotype and function of target cells. Adipose tissue releases EVs that promote IR, the development of all stages of NAFLD/MASLD and PCOS, while mesenchymal stem cell-derived AVs may alleviate metabolic abnormalities and may represent a novel therapeutic device in NAFLD/MASLD, and PCOS. The purpose of this review is to summarize the current knowledge on the role of adipose tissue-derived EVs in the pathogenesis of IR, NAFLD/MASLD, and PCOS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dušan Mladenović
- Institute of Pathophysiology "Ljubodrag Buba Mihailovic", Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia.
| | - Milena Vesković
- Institute of Pathophysiology "Ljubodrag Buba Mihailovic", Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Nikola Šutulović
- Laboratory for Neurophysiology, Institute of Medical Physiology "Richard Burian", Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Dragan Hrnčić
- Laboratory for Neurophysiology, Institute of Medical Physiology "Richard Burian", Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Olivera Stanojlović
- Laboratory for Neurophysiology, Institute of Medical Physiology "Richard Burian", Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Lena Radić
- Clinic for Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, University Clinical Centre of Serbia, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Jelica Bjekić Macut
- University of Belgrade Faculty of Medicine, Department of Endocrinology, UMC Bežanijska kosa, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Djuro Macut
- University of Belgrade Faculty of Medicine, Clinic for Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, University Clinical Centre of Serbia, Belgrade, Serbia
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5
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Wang J, Jing J, Zhou C, Fan Y. Emerging roles of exosomes in oral diseases progression. Int J Oral Sci 2024; 16:4. [PMID: 38221571 PMCID: PMC10788352 DOI: 10.1038/s41368-023-00274-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2023] [Revised: 12/11/2023] [Accepted: 12/26/2023] [Indexed: 01/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Oral diseases, such as periodontitis, salivary gland diseases, and oral cancers, significantly challenge health conditions due to their detrimental effects on patient's digestive functions, pronunciation, and esthetic demands. Delayed diagnosis and non-targeted treatment profoundly influence patients' prognosis and quality of life. The exploration of innovative approaches for early detection and precise treatment represents a promising frontier in oral medicine. Exosomes, which are characterized as nanometer-sized extracellular vesicles, are secreted by virtually all types of cells. As the research continues, the complex roles of these intracellular-derived extracellular vesicles in biological processes have gradually unfolded. Exosomes have attracted attention as valuable diagnostic and therapeutic tools for their ability to transfer abundant biological cargos and their intricate involvement in multiple cellular functions. In this review, we provide an overview of the recent applications of exosomes within the field of oral diseases, focusing on inflammation-related bone diseases and oral squamous cell carcinomas. We characterize the exosome alterations and demonstrate their potential applications as biomarkers for early diagnosis, highlighting their roles as indicators in multiple oral diseases. We also summarize the promising applications of exosomes in targeted therapy and proposed future directions for the use of exosomes in clinical treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiayi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Center for Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Department of Cariology and Endodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Junjun Jing
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Center for Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Chenchen Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Center for Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Department of Pediatric Dentistry, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yi Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Center for Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Department of Cariology and Endodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
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6
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Wang B, Cheng D, Ma D, Chen R, Li D, Zhao W, Fang C, Ji M. Mutual regulation of PD-L1 immunosuppression between tumor-associated macrophages and tumor cells: a critical role for exosomes. Cell Commun Signal 2024; 22:21. [PMID: 38195554 PMCID: PMC10775441 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-024-01473-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 01/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Tumor cells primarily employ the PD-1/PD-L1 pathway to thwart the anti-tumor capabilities of T lymphocytes, inducing immunosuppression. This occurs through the direct interaction of PD-L1 with PD-1 on T lymphocyte surfaces. Recent research focusing on the tumor microenvironment has illuminated the pivotal role of immune cells, particularly tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs), in facilitating PD-L1-mediated immunosuppression. Exosomes, characterized by their ability to convey information and be engulfed by cells, significantly contribute to promoting TAM involvement in establishing PD-L1-mediated immunosuppression within the tumor microenvironment. Exosomes, characterized by their ability to convey information and be engulfed by cells, significantly contribute to promoting TAM involvement in establishing PD-L1-mediated immunosuppression within the tumor microenvironment. In addition to receiving signals from tumor-derived exosomes that promote PD-L1 expression, TAMs also exert control over PD-L1 expression in tumor cells through the release of exosomes. This paper aims to summarize the mechanisms by which exosomes participate in this process, identify crucial factors that influence these mechanisms, and explore innovative strategies for inhibiting or reversing the tumor-promoting effects of TAMs by targeting exosomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Banglu Wang
- Departments of Oncology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 185 Juqian Street, Changzhou, 213003, China
| | - Daoan Cheng
- Departments of Oncology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 185 Juqian Street, Changzhou, 213003, China
| | - Danyu Ma
- Departments of Oncology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 185 Juqian Street, Changzhou, 213003, China
| | - Rui Chen
- Departments of Oncology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 185 Juqian Street, Changzhou, 213003, China
| | - Dong Li
- Departments of Oncology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 185 Juqian Street, Changzhou, 213003, China
| | - Weiqing Zhao
- Departments of Oncology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 185 Juqian Street, Changzhou, 213003, China
| | - Cheng Fang
- Departments of Oncology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 185 Juqian Street, Changzhou, 213003, China
| | - Mei Ji
- Departments of Oncology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 185 Juqian Street, Changzhou, 213003, China.
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7
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Hu A, Sun L, Lin H, Liao Y, Yang H, Mao Y. Harnessing the innate immune system by revolutionizing macrophage-mediated cancer immunotherapy. J Biosci 2024; 49:63. [PMID: 38864238 PMCID: PMC10961329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2023] [Revised: 01/18/2024] [Accepted: 02/03/2024] [Indexed: 06/13/2024]
Abstract
Immunotherapy is a promising and safer alternative to conventional cancer therapies. It involves adaptive T-cell therapy, cancer vaccines, monoclonal antibodies, immune checkpoint blockade (ICB), and chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) based therapies. However, most of these modalities encounter restrictions in solid tumours owing to a dense, highly hypoxic and immune-suppressive microenvironment as well as the heterogeneity of tumour antigens. The elevated intra-tumoural pressure and mutational rates within fastgrowing solid tumours present challenges in efficient drug targeting and delivery. The tumour microenvironment is a dynamic niche infiltrated by a variety of immune cells, most of which are macrophages. Since they form a part of the innate immune system, targeting macrophages has become a plausible immunotherapeutic approach. In this review, we discuss several versatile approaches (both at pre-clinical and clinical stages) such as the direct killing of tumour-associated macrophages, reprogramming pro-tumour macrophages to anti-tumour phenotypes, inhibition of macrophage recruitment into the tumour microenvironment, novel CAR macrophages, and genetically engineered macrophages that have been devised thus far. These strategies comprise a strong and adaptable macrophage-toolkit in the ongoing fight against cancer and by understanding their significance, we may unlock the full potential of these immune cells in cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ankang Hu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, P.R. China
- Institute for Translational Brain Research, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, P.R. China
- National Center for Neurological Disorders, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, P.R. China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Brain Function Restoration and Neural Regeneration, Shanghai Clinical Medical Center of Neurosurgery, Neurosurgical Institute of Fudan University, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, P.R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain Science, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Li Sun
- Department of Neurosurgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, P.R. China
- National Center for Neurological Disorders, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, P.R. China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Brain Function Restoration and Neural Regeneration, Shanghai Clinical Medical Center of Neurosurgery, Neurosurgical Institute of Fudan University, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, P.R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain Science, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Hao Lin
- Department of Neurosurgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, P.R. China
- National Center for Neurological Disorders, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, P.R. China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Brain Function Restoration and Neural Regeneration, Shanghai Clinical Medical Center of Neurosurgery, Neurosurgical Institute of Fudan University, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, P.R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain Science, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Yuheng Liao
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, International Co-laboratory of Medical Epigenetics and Metabolism (Ministry of Science and Technology), and Key Laboratory of Metabolism and Molecular Medicine (Ministry of Education), and Molecular and Cell Biology Lab, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College of Fudan University, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Hui Yang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, P.R. China
- Institute for Translational Brain Research, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, P.R. China
- National Center for Neurological Disorders, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, P.R. China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Brain Function Restoration and Neural Regeneration, Shanghai Clinical Medical Center of Neurosurgery, Neurosurgical Institute of Fudan University, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, P.R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain Science, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Ying Mao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, P.R. China
- National Center for Neurological Disorders, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, P.R. China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Brain Function Restoration and Neural Regeneration, Shanghai Clinical Medical Center of Neurosurgery, Neurosurgical Institute of Fudan University, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, P.R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain Science, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, P.R. China
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Li L, Wang C, Li Q, Guan Y, Zhang X, Kong F, Feng Z, Lu Y, Wang D, Wang N. Exosomes as a modulator of immune resistance in human cancers. Cytokine Growth Factor Rev 2023; 73:135-149. [PMID: 37543438 DOI: 10.1016/j.cytogfr.2023.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 08/07/2023]
Abstract
In the tumor microenvironment (TME), exosomes secreted by cells form interactive networks between the tumor cells and immune cells, thereby regulating immune signaling cascades in the TME. As key messengers of cell-to-cell communication in the TME, exosomes not only take charge of tumor cell antigen presentation to the immune cells, but also regulate the activities of immune cells, inhibit immune function, and, especially, promote immune resistance, all of which affects the therapeutic outcomes of tumors. Exosomes, which are small-sized vesicles, possess some remarkable advantages, including strong biological activity, a lack of immunogenicity and toxicity, and a strong targeting ability. Based on these characteristics, research on exosomes as biomarkers or carriers of tumor therapeutic drugs has become a research hotspot in related fields. This review describes the role of exosomes in cell communications in the TME, summarizes the effectiveness of exosome-based immunotherapy in overcoming immune resistance in cancer treatment, and systematically summarizes and discusses the characteristics of exosomes from different cell sources. Furthermore, the prospects and challenges of exosome-related therapies are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lanzhou Li
- Engineering Research Center of Chinese Ministry of Education for Edible and Medicinal Fungi, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, PR China
| | - Chunyue Wang
- Engineering Research Center of Chinese Ministry of Education for Edible and Medicinal Fungi, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, PR China
| | - Qiucheng Li
- School of Chinese Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam 999077, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China
| | - Yue Guan
- Engineering Research Center of Chinese Ministry of Education for Edible and Medicinal Fungi, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, PR China
| | - Xin Zhang
- Engineering Research Center of Chinese Ministry of Education for Edible and Medicinal Fungi, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, PR China
| | - Fange Kong
- Engineering Research Center of Chinese Ministry of Education for Edible and Medicinal Fungi, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, PR China
| | - Zixin Feng
- School of Chinese Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam 999077, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China
| | - Yuanjun Lu
- School of Chinese Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam 999077, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China
| | - Di Wang
- Engineering Research Center of Chinese Ministry of Education for Edible and Medicinal Fungi, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, PR China.
| | - Ning Wang
- School of Chinese Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam 999077, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China.
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Arumi-Planas M, Rodriguez-Baena FJ, Cabello-Torres F, Gracia F, Lopez-Blau C, Nieto MA, Sanchez-Laorden B. Microenvironmental Snail1-induced immunosuppression promotes melanoma growth. Oncogene 2023; 42:2659-2672. [PMID: 37516803 PMCID: PMC10473961 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-023-02793-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Revised: 07/13/2023] [Accepted: 07/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/31/2023]
Abstract
Melanoma is an aggressive form of skin cancer due to its high metastatic abilities and resistance to therapies. Melanoma cells reside in a heterogeneous tumour microenvironment that acts as a crucial regulator of its progression. Snail1 is an epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition transcription factor expressed during development and reactivated in pathological situations including fibrosis and cancer. In this work, we show that Snail1 is activated in the melanoma microenvironment, particularly in fibroblasts. Analysis of mouse models that allow stromal Snail1 depletion and therapeutic Snail1 blockade indicate that targeting Snail1 in the tumour microenvironment decreases melanoma growth and lung metastatic burden, extending mice survival. Transcriptomic analysis of melanoma-associated fibroblasts and analysis of the tumours indicate that stromal Snail1 induces melanoma growth by promoting an immunosuppressive microenvironment and a decrease in anti-tumour immunity. This study unveils a novel role of Snail1 in melanoma biology and supports its potential as a therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Francisco Gracia
- Instituto de Neurociencias (CSIC-UMH), Sant Joan d'Alacant, Spain
| | | | - M Angela Nieto
- Instituto de Neurociencias (CSIC-UMH), Sant Joan d'Alacant, Spain
- CIBERER, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras, ISCIII, Madrid, Spain
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10
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You Y, Du Z, Xu G, Tian Z, Xiao M, Wang Y. Identification of Exosome-Related Genes Associated with Prognosis and Immune Infiltration Features in Head-Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma. Biomolecules 2023; 13:958. [PMID: 37371537 DOI: 10.3390/biom13060958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2023] [Revised: 06/02/2023] [Accepted: 06/04/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The highly immunosuppressive nature of head-neck squamous cell cancer (HNSCC) is not fully understood. Exosomes play crucial roles in the communication between cancer and non-cancer cells, but the clinical significance of the expression of exosome-related genes (ERGs) remains unclear in HNSCC. This study aimed to establish an HNSCC-ERGs model by using mass spectrometry (MS)-based label-free quantitative proteomics in combination with the TCGA primary HNSCC dataset. The study managed to classify the HNSCC patients into two subtypes based on the expression level of prognostic ERGs, which showed significant differences in prognosis and immune infiltration. LASSO regression algorithm was used to establish a risk prediction model based on seven risky genes (PYGL, ACTN2, TSPAN15, EXT2, PLAU, ITGA5), and the high-risk group was associated with poor survival prognosis and suppressive immune status. HPRT1 and PYGL were found to be independent prognostic factors through univariate and multivariate Cox regression analyses. Immune and ssGSEA analysis revealed that HPRT1 and PYGL were significantly related to immunosuppression, immune response, and critical signaling transduction pathways in HNSCC. Immunohistochemistry results further validated the expression level, clinical value, and immunosuppressive function of HPRT1 and PYGL in HNSCC patients. In conclusion, this study established molecular subtypes and a prediction risk model based on the ERGs. Furthermore, the findings suggested that HPRT1 and PYGL might play critical roles in reshaping the tumor microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanhe You
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial-Head and Neck Oncology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, China
- College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200011, China
- National Center for Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Disease, Shanghai 200011, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai 200011, China
| | - Zhong Du
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial-Head and Neck Oncology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, China
- College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200011, China
- National Center for Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Disease, Shanghai 200011, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai 200011, China
| | - Guisong Xu
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial-Head and Neck Oncology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, China
- College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200011, China
- National Center for Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Disease, Shanghai 200011, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai 200011, China
| | - Zhuowei Tian
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial-Head and Neck Oncology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, China
- College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200011, China
- National Center for Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Disease, Shanghai 200011, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai 200011, China
| | - Meng Xiao
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial-Head and Neck Oncology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, China
- College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200011, China
- National Center for Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Disease, Shanghai 200011, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai 200011, China
| | - Yanan Wang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial-Head and Neck Oncology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, China
- College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200011, China
- National Center for Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Disease, Shanghai 200011, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai 200011, China
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Chung CH, Lin CY, Chen CY, Hsueh CW, Chang YW, Wang CC, Chu PY, Tai SK, Yang MH. Ferroptosis Signature Shapes the Immune Profiles to Enhance the Response to Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors in Head and Neck Cancer. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2023; 10:e2204514. [PMID: 37026630 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202204514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2022] [Revised: 01/23/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
As a type of immunogenic cell death, ferroptosis participates in the creation of immunoactive tumor microenvironments. However, knowledge of spatial location of tumor cells with ferroptosis signature in tumor environments and the role of ferroptotic stress in inducing the expression of immune-related molecules in cancer cells is limited. Here the spatial association of the transcriptomic signatures is demonstrated for ferroptosis and inflammation/immune activation located in the invasive front of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). The association between ferroptosis signature and inflammation/immune activation is more prominent in HPV-negative HNSCC compared to HPV-positive ones. Ferroptotic stress induces PD-L1 expression through reactive oxygen species (ROS)-elicited NF-κB signaling pathway and calcium influx. Priming murine HNSCC with the ferroptosis inducer sensitizes tumors to anti-PD-L1 antibody treatment. A positive correlation between the ferroptosis signature and the active immune cell profile is shown in the HNSCC samples. This study reveals a subgroup of ferroptotic HNSCC with immune-active signatures and indicates the potential of priming HNSCC with ferroptosis inducers to increase the antitumor efficacy of immune checkpoint inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chih-Hung Chung
- Taiwan International Graduate Program in Molecular Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University and Academia Sinica, Taipei, 115201, Taiwan
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, 112304, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Yu Lin
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, 300093, Taiwan
- Institute of Bioinformatics and Systems Biology, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, 300093, Taiwan
- Institute of Data Science and Engineering, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, 300093, Taiwan
- Center for Intelligent Drug Systems and Smart Bio-devices, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, 300093, Taiwan
- School of Dentistry, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, 807378, Taiwan
- Cancer Progression Research Center, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, 112304, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Yu Chen
- Cancer Progression Research Center, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, 112304, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Wei Hsueh
- Institute of Bioinformatics and Systems Biology, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, 300093, Taiwan
| | - Yao-Wen Chang
- Cancer Progression Research Center, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, 112304, Taiwan
| | - Chen-Chi Wang
- School of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, 112304, Taiwan
- Department of Otolaryngology Head & Neck Surgery, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, 40705, Taiwan
- Department of Post-Baccalaureate Medicine, College of Medicine, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, 40227, Taiwan
| | - Pen-Yuan Chu
- School of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, 112304, Taiwan
- Department of Otolaryngology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, 112201, Taiwan
| | - Shyh-Kuan Tai
- School of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, 112304, Taiwan
- Department of Otolaryngology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, 112201, Taiwan
| | - Muh-Hwa Yang
- Taiwan International Graduate Program in Molecular Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University and Academia Sinica, Taipei, 115201, Taiwan
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, 112304, Taiwan
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, 300093, Taiwan
- Cancer Progression Research Center, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, 112304, Taiwan
- Department of Biotechnology and Laboratory Science in Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, 112304, Taiwan
- Department of Oncology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, 112201, Taiwan
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12
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Samim Khan S, Janrao S, Srivastava S, Bala Singh S, Vora L, Kumar Khatri D. GSK-3β: An exuberating neuroinflammatory mediator in Parkinson's disease. Biochem Pharmacol 2023; 210:115496. [PMID: 36907495 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2023.115496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2023] [Revised: 03/02/2023] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 03/12/2023]
Abstract
Neuroinflammation is a critical degradative condition affecting neurons in the brain. Progressive neurodegenerative conditions such as Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease (PD) have been strongly linked to neuroinflammation. The trigger point for inflammatory conditions in the cells and body is the physiological immune system. The immune response mediated by glial cells and astrocytes can rectify the physiological alterations occurring in the cell for the time being but prolonged activation leads to pathological progression. The proteins mediating such an inflammatory response, as per the available literature, are undoubtedly GSK-3β, NLRP3, TNF, PPARγ, and NF-κB, along with a few other mediatory proteins. NLRP3 inflammasome is undeniably a principal instigator of the neuroinflammatory response, but the regulatory pathways controlling its activation are still unclear, besides less clarity for the interplay between different inflammatory proteins. Recent reports have suggested the involvement of GSK-3β in regulating NLRP3 activation, but the exact mechanistic pathway remains vague. In the current review, we attempt to provide an elaborate description of crosstalk between inflammatory markers and GSK-3β mediated neuroinflammation progression, linking it to regulatory transcription factors and posttranslational modification of proteins. The recent clinical therapeutic advances targeting these proteins are also discussed in parallel to provide a comprehensive view of the progress made in PD management and lacunas still existing in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabiya Samim Khan
- Molecular & Cellular Neuroscience Lab, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER)-Hyderabad, Telangana 500037, India
| | - Sushmita Janrao
- Molecular & Cellular Neuroscience Lab, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER)-Hyderabad, Telangana 500037, India
| | - Saurabh Srivastava
- Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER)-Hyderabad, Telangana 500037, India.
| | - Shashi Bala Singh
- Molecular & Cellular Neuroscience Lab, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER)-Hyderabad, Telangana 500037, India.
| | - Lalitkumar Vora
- School of Pharmacy, Queen's University Belfast, 97, Lisburn Road, Belfast BT9 7BL, UK.
| | - Dharmendra Kumar Khatri
- Molecular & Cellular Neuroscience Lab, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER)-Hyderabad, Telangana 500037, India.
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13
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(Stămat) LRB, Dinescu S, Costache M. Regulation of Inflammasome by microRNAs in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer: New Opportunities for Therapy. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24043245. [PMID: 36834660 PMCID: PMC9963301 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24043245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Revised: 01/28/2023] [Accepted: 02/02/2023] [Indexed: 02/09/2023] Open
Abstract
During the past decade, researchers have investigated the molecular mechanisms of breast cancer initiation and progression, especially triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC), in order to identify specific biomarkers that could serve as feasible targets for innovative therapeutic strategies development. TNBC is characterized by a dynamic and aggressive nature, due to the absence of estrogen, progesterone and human epidermal growth factor 2 receptors. TNBC progression is associated with the dysregulation of nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-like receptor and pyrin domain-containing protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome, followed by the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines and caspase-1 dependent cell death, termed pyroptosis. The heterogeneity of the breast tumor microenvironment triggers the interest of non-coding RNAs' involvement in NLRP3 inflammasome assembly, TNBC progression and metastasis. Non-coding RNAs are paramount regulators of carcinogenesis and inflammasome pathways, which could help in the development of efficient treatments. This review aims to highlight the contribution of non-coding RNAs that support inflammasome activation and TNBC progression, pointing up their potential for clinical applications as biomarkers for diagnosis and therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sorina Dinescu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Bucharest, 050095 Bucharest, Romania
- Research Institute of the University of Bucharest, 050663 Bucharest, Romania
- Correspondence:
| | - Marieta Costache
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Bucharest, 050095 Bucharest, Romania
- Research Institute of the University of Bucharest, 050663 Bucharest, Romania
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14
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Mondal P, Meeran SM. Emerging role of non-coding RNAs in resistance to platinum-based anti-cancer agents in lung cancer. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1105484. [PMID: 36778005 PMCID: PMC9909610 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1105484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Accepted: 01/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Platinum-based drugs are the first line of therapeutics against many cancers, including lung cancer. Lung cancer is one of the leading causes of cancer-related death worldwide. Platinum-based agents target DNA and prevent replication, and transcription, leading to the inhibition of cell proliferation followed by cellular apoptosis. About twenty-three platinum-based drugs are under different stages of clinical trials, among cisplatin, carboplatin, and oxaliplatin are widely used for the treatment of various cancers. Among them, cisplatin is the most commonly used drug for cancer therapy, which binds with RNA, and hinders the cellular RNA process. However, long-term use of platinum-based drugs can cause different side effects and has been shown to develop chemoresistance, leading to poor clinical outcomes. Chemoresistance became an important challenge for cancer treatment. Platinum-based chemoresistance occurs due to the influence of intrinsic factors such as overexpression of multidrug resistance proteins, advancement of DNA repair mechanism, degradation, and deactivation of intracellular thiols. Recently, epigenetic modifications, especially non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) mediated gene regulation, grasp the attention for reversing the sensitivity of platinum-based drugs due to their reversible nature without altering genome sequence. ncRNAs can also modulate the intrinsic and non-intrinsic mechanisms of resistance in lung cancer cells. Therefore, targeting ncRNAs could be an effective approach for developing novel therapeutics to overcome lung cancer chemoresistance. The current review article has discussed the role of ncRNA in chemoresistance and its underlying molecular mechanisms in human lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priya Mondal
- Department of Biochemistry, CSIR-Central Food Technological Research Institute, Mysore, India,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India
| | - Syed Musthapa Meeran
- Department of Biochemistry, CSIR-Central Food Technological Research Institute, Mysore, India,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India,*Correspondence: Syed Musthapa Meeran, ,
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15
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Fu Z, Zhao PY, Yang XP, Li H, Hu SD, Xu YX, Du XH. Cannabidiol regulates apoptosis and autophagy in inflammation and cancer: A review. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1094020. [PMID: 36755953 PMCID: PMC9899821 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1094020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2022] [Accepted: 01/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Cannabidiol (CBD) is a terpenoid naturally found in plants. The purified compound is used in the treatment of mental disorders because of its antidepressive, anxiolytic, and antiepileptic effects. CBD can affect the regulation of several pathophysiologic processes, including autophagy, cytokine secretion, apoptosis, and innate and adaptive immune responses. However, several authors have reported contradictory findings concerning the magnitude and direction of CBD-mediated effects. For example, CBD treatment can increase, decrease, or have no significant effect on autophagy and apoptosis. These variable results can be attributed to the differences in the biological models, cell types, and CBD concentration used in these studies. This review focuses on the mechanism of regulation of autophagy and apoptosis in inflammatory response and cancer by CBD. Further, we broadly elaborated on the prospects of using CBD as an anti-inflammatory agent and in cancer therapy in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ze Fu
- Medical School of Chinese PLA, Beijing, China
| | | | | | - Hao Li
- Medical School of Chinese PLA, Beijing, China
| | - Shi-Dong Hu
- Department of General Surgery, First Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Ying-Xin Xu
- Department of General Surgery, First Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Xiao-Hui Du
- Department of General Surgery, First Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China,*Correspondence: Xiao-Hui Du,
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Extracellular Vesicles: New Classification and Tumor Immunosuppression. BIOLOGY 2023; 12:biology12010110. [PMID: 36671802 PMCID: PMC9856004 DOI: 10.3390/biology12010110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2022] [Revised: 01/05/2023] [Accepted: 01/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are cell-derived membrane-surrounded vesicles carrying various types of molecules. These EV cargoes are often used as pathophysiological biomarkers and delivered to recipient cells whose fates are often altered in local and distant tissues. Classical EVs are exosomes, microvesicles, and apoptotic bodies, while recent studies discovered autophagic EVs, stressed EVs, and matrix vesicles. Here, we classify classical and new EVs and non-EV nanoparticles. We also review EVs-mediated intercellular communication between cancer cells and various types of tumor-associated cells, such as cancer-associated fibroblasts, adipocytes, blood vessels, lymphatic vessels, and immune cells. Of note, cancer EVs play crucial roles in immunosuppression, immune evasion, and immunotherapy resistance. Thus, cancer EVs change hot tumors into cold ones. Moreover, cancer EVs affect nonimmune cells to promote cellular transformation, including epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT), chemoresistance, tumor matrix production, destruction of biological barriers, angiogenesis, lymphangiogenesis, and metastatic niche formation.
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Exosomal miR92a Promotes Cytarabine Resistance in Myelodysplastic Syndromes by Activating Wnt/β-catenin Signal Pathway. Biomolecules 2022; 12:biom12101448. [PMID: 36291656 PMCID: PMC9599242 DOI: 10.3390/biom12101448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2022] [Revised: 09/30/2022] [Accepted: 10/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Cytarabine (Ara-C) has been one of the frontline therapies for clonal hematopoietic stem cell disorders, such as myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) and acute myeloid leukemia (AML), but Ara-C resistance often occurs and leads to treatment failure. Exosomal microRNAs (miRNAs, miRs) as small noncoding RNA that play important roles in post-transcriptional gene regulation, can be delivered into recipient cells by exosomes and regulate target genes' expression. miR92a has been reported to be dysregulated in many cancers, including MDS and AML. However, the effects of exosomal miR92a in hematologic malignancies have not been fully investigated. In this study, qualitative analysis showed the significantly enhanced expression of exosomal miR92a in MDS/AML plasma. Subsequent functional assays indicated that exosomal miR92a can be transported and downregulate PTEN in recipient cells and, furthermore, activate the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway and interfere with the Ara-C resistance of receipt MDS/AML cells in vitro and in vivo. Altogether, our findings offer novel insights into plasma exosomal miR92a participating in Ara-C resistance in MDS/AML and we propose miR92a as a potential therapeutic target for MDS/AML.
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