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Shan S, Chao S, Liu Z, Wang S, Liu Z, Zhang C, Cheng D, Su Z, Song F. TREM2 protects against inflammation by regulating the release of mito-DAMPs from hepatocytes during liver fibrosis. Free Radic Biol Med 2024; 220:154-165. [PMID: 38710340 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2024.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2024] [Revised: 04/14/2024] [Accepted: 05/02/2024] [Indexed: 05/08/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Liver fibrosis typically develops as a result of chronic liver injury, which involves inflammatory and regenerative processes. The triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells 2 (TREM2), predominantly expressing in hepatic non-parenchymal cells, plays a crucial role in regulating the function of macrophages. However, its mechanism in liver fibrosis remains poorly defined. METHODS Experimental liver fibrosis models in wild type and TREM2-/- mice, and in vitro studies with AML-12 cells and Raw264.7 cells were conducted. The expression of TREM2 and related molecular mechanism were evaluated by using samples from patients with liver fibrosis. RESULTS We demonstrated that TREM2 was upregulated in murine model with liver fibrosis. Mice lacking TREM2 exhibited reduced phagocytosis activity in macrophages following carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) intoxication. As a result, there was an increased accumulation of necrotic apoptotic hepatocytes. Additionally, TREM2 knockout aggravated the release of mitochondrial damage-associated molecular patterns (mito-DAMPs) from dead hepatocytes during CCl4 exposure, and further promoted the occurrence of macrophage-mediated M1 polarization. Then, TREM2-/- mice showed more serious fibrosis pathological changes. In vitro, the necrotic apoptosis inhibitor GSK872 effectively alleviated the release of mito-DAMPs in AML-12 cells after CCl4 intoxication, which confirmed that mito-DAMPs originated from dead liver cells. Moreover, direct stimulation of Raw264.7 cells by mito-DAMPs from liver tissue can induce intracellular inflammatory response. More importantly, TREM2 was elevated and inflammatory factors were markedly accumulated surrounding dead cells in the livers of human patients with liver fibrosis. CONCLUSION Our study highlights that TREM2 serves as a negative regulator of liver fibrosis, suggesting its potential as a novel therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shulin Shan
- Department of Toxicology and Nutrition, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, 44 West Wenhua Road, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, China; Department of Health Test and Detection, Shandong Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 16992 Jingshi Road, Jinan, Shandong, 250014, China
| | - Shihua Chao
- Department of Toxicology and Nutrition, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, 44 West Wenhua Road, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, China
| | - Zhidan Liu
- Department of Toxicology and Nutrition, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, 44 West Wenhua Road, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, China
| | - Shuai Wang
- Department of Toxicology and Nutrition, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, 44 West Wenhua Road, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, China
| | - Zhaoxiong Liu
- Department of Toxicology and Nutrition, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, 44 West Wenhua Road, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, China
| | - Cuiqin Zhang
- Department of Toxicology and Nutrition, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, 44 West Wenhua Road, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, China
| | - Dong Cheng
- Department of Health Test and Detection, Shandong Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 16992 Jingshi Road, Jinan, Shandong, 250014, China
| | - Zhenhui Su
- Department of Pathology, Shandong Provincial Hospital, 324 Jingwu Weiqi Road, Jinan, Shandong, 250021, China
| | - Fuyong Song
- Department of Toxicology and Nutrition, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, 44 West Wenhua Road, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, China.
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Di Leo V, Bernardino Gomes TM, Vincent AE. Interactions of mitochondrial and skeletal muscle biology in mitochondrial myopathy. Biochem J 2023; 480:1767-1789. [PMID: 37965929 PMCID: PMC10657187 DOI: 10.1042/bcj20220233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2023] [Revised: 10/24/2023] [Accepted: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 11/16/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondrial dysfunction in skeletal muscle fibres occurs with both healthy aging and a range of neuromuscular diseases. The impact of mitochondrial dysfunction in skeletal muscle and the way muscle fibres adapt to this dysfunction is important to understand disease mechanisms and to develop therapeutic interventions. Furthermore, interactions between mitochondrial dysfunction and skeletal muscle biology, in mitochondrial myopathy, likely have important implications for normal muscle function and physiology. In this review, we will try to give an overview of what is known to date about these interactions including metabolic remodelling, mitochondrial morphology, mitochondrial turnover, cellular processes and muscle cell structure and function. Each of these topics is at a different stage of understanding, with some being well researched and understood, and others in their infancy. Furthermore, some of what we know comes from disease models. Whilst some findings are confirmed in humans, where this is not yet the case, we must be cautious in interpreting findings in the context of human muscle and disease. Here, our goal is to discuss what is known, highlight what is unknown and give a perspective on the future direction of research in this area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valeria Di Leo
- Wellcome Centre for Mitochondrial Research, Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle NE2 4HH, U.K
- NIHR Newcastle Biomedical Research Centre, Biomedical Research Building, Campus for Ageing and Vitality, Newcastle upon Tyne NE4 5PL, U.K
| | - Tiago M. Bernardino Gomes
- Wellcome Centre for Mitochondrial Research, Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle NE2 4HH, U.K
- NIHR Newcastle Biomedical Research Centre, Biomedical Research Building, Campus for Ageing and Vitality, Newcastle upon Tyne NE4 5PL, U.K
- NHS Highly Specialised Service for Rare Mitochondrial Disorders, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, U.K
| | - Amy E. Vincent
- Wellcome Centre for Mitochondrial Research, Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle NE2 4HH, U.K
- NIHR Newcastle Biomedical Research Centre, Biomedical Research Building, Campus for Ageing and Vitality, Newcastle upon Tyne NE4 5PL, U.K
- John Walton Muscular Dystrophy Research Centre, Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle NE2 4HH, U.K
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Lehto T, Zetterman T, Markkula R, Arokoski J, Tikkanen H, Kalso E, Peltonen JE. Cardiac output and arteriovenous oxygen difference contribute to lower peak oxygen uptake in patients with fibromyalgia. BMC Musculoskelet Disord 2023; 24:541. [PMID: 37393269 DOI: 10.1186/s12891-023-06589-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2022] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 07/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Patients with fibromyalgia (FM) exhibit low peak oxygen uptake ([Formula: see text]O2peak). We aimed to detect the contribution of cardiac output to ([Formula: see text]) and arteriovenous oxygen difference [Formula: see text] to [Formula: see text] from rest to peak exercise in patients with FM. METHODS Thirty-five women with FM, aged 23 to 65 years, and 23 healthy controls performed a step incremental cycle ergometer test until volitional fatigue. Alveolar gas exchange and pulmonary ventilation were measured breath-by-breath and adjusted for fat-free body mass (FFM) where appropriate. [Formula: see text] (impedance cardiography) was monitored. [Formula: see text] was calculated using Fick's equation. Linear regression slopes for oxygen cost (∆[Formula: see text]O2/∆work rate) and [Formula: see text] to [Formula: see text]O2 (∆[Formula: see text]/∆[Formula: see text]O2) were calculated. Normally distributed data were reported as mean ± SD and non-normal data as median [interquartile range]. RESULTS [Formula: see text]O2peak was lower in FM patients than in controls (22.2 ± 5.1 vs. 31.1 ± 7.9 mL∙min-1∙kg-1, P < 0.001; 35.7 ± 7.1 vs. 44.0 ± 8.6 mL∙min-1∙kg FFM-1, P < 0.001). [Formula: see text] and C(a-v)O2 were similar between groups at submaximal work rates, but peak [Formula: see text] (14.17 [13.34-16.03] vs. 16.06 [15.24-16.99] L∙min-1, P = 0.005) and C(a-v)O2 (11.6 ± 2.7 vs. 13.3 ± 3.1 mL O2∙100 mL blood-1, P = 0.031) were lower in the FM group. No significant group differences emerged in ∆[Formula: see text]O2/∆work rate (11.1 vs. 10.8 mL∙min-1∙W-1, P = 0.248) or ∆[Formula: see text]/∆[Formula: see text]O2 (6.58 vs. 5.75, P = 0.122) slopes. CONCLUSIONS Both [Formula: see text] and C(a-v)O2 contribute to lower [Formula: see text]O2peak in FM. The exercise responses were normal and not suggestive of a muscle metabolism pathology. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT03300635. Registered 3 October 2017-Retrospectively registered. https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03300635 .
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Affiliation(s)
- Taneli Lehto
- Department of Sports and Exercise Medicine, Clinicum, University of Helsinki, Mäkelänkatu 47, Urhea-Hall, 00550, Helsinki, Finland.
- Department of Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine, Helsinki University Hospital and Helsinki University, Helsinki, Finland.
| | - Teemu Zetterman
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Intensive Care and Pain Medicine, Pain Clinic, Helsinki University and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
- City of Vantaa Health Centre, Vantaa, Finland
- Department of General Practice and Primary Health Care, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Ritva Markkula
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Intensive Care and Pain Medicine, Pain Clinic, Helsinki University and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jari Arokoski
- Department of Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine, Helsinki University Hospital and Helsinki University, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Heikki Tikkanen
- Sports and Exercise Medicine, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Eija Kalso
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Intensive Care and Pain Medicine, Pain Clinic, Helsinki University and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
- SLEEPWELL Research Programme, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Juha E Peltonen
- Department of Sports and Exercise Medicine, Clinicum, University of Helsinki, Mäkelänkatu 47, Urhea-Hall, 00550, Helsinki, Finland
- Foundation for Sports and Exercise Medicine, Helsinki Sports and Exercise Medicine Clinic, Helsinki, Finland
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Alsaleh G, Richter FC, Simon AK. Age-related mechanisms in the context of rheumatic disease. Nat Rev Rheumatol 2022; 18:694-710. [PMID: 36329172 DOI: 10.1038/s41584-022-00863-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Ageing is characterized by a progressive loss of cellular function that leads to a decline in tissue homeostasis, increased vulnerability and adverse health outcomes. Important advances in ageing research have now identified a set of nine candidate hallmarks that are generally considered to contribute to the ageing process and that together determine the ageing phenotype, which is the clinical manifestation of age-related dysfunction in chronic diseases. Although most rheumatic diseases are not yet considered to be age related, available evidence increasingly emphasizes the prevalence of ageing hallmarks in these chronic diseases. On the basis of the current evidence relating to the molecular and cellular ageing pathways involved in rheumatic diseases, we propose that these diseases share a number of features that are observed in ageing, and that they can therefore be considered to be diseases of premature or accelerated ageing. Although more data are needed to clarify whether accelerated ageing drives the development of rheumatic diseases or whether it results from the chronic inflammatory environment, central components of age-related pathways are currently being targeted in clinical trials and may provide a new avenue of therapeutic intervention for patients with rheumatic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ghada Alsaleh
- The Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, NDORMS, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
- Botnar Research Centre, NDORMS, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
| | - Felix C Richter
- The Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, NDORMS, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Anna K Simon
- The Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, NDORMS, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
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Silva Santos Ribeiro P, Willemen HLDM, Eijkelkamp N. Mitochondria and sensory processing in inflammatory and neuropathic pain. FRONTIERS IN PAIN RESEARCH 2022; 3:1013577. [PMID: 36324872 PMCID: PMC9619239 DOI: 10.3389/fpain.2022.1013577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Rheumatic diseases, such as osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis, affect over 750 million people worldwide and contribute to approximately 40% of chronic pain cases. Inflammation and tissue damage contribute to pain in rheumatic diseases, but pain often persists even when inflammation/damage is resolved. Mechanisms that cause this persistent pain are still unclear. Mitochondria are essential for a myriad of cellular processes and regulate neuronal functions. Mitochondrial dysfunction has been implicated in multiple neurological disorders, but its role in sensory processing and pain in rheumatic diseases is relatively unexplored. This review provides a comprehensive understanding of how mitochondrial dysfunction connects inflammation and damage-associated pathways to neuronal sensitization and persistent pain. To provide an overall framework on how mitochondria control pain, we explored recent evidence in inflammatory and neuropathic pain conditions. Mitochondria have intrinsic quality control mechanisms to prevent functional deficits and cellular damage. We will discuss the link between neuronal activity, mitochondrial dysfunction and chronic pain. Lastly, pharmacological strategies aimed at reestablishing mitochondrial functions or boosting mitochondrial dynamics as therapeutic interventions for chronic pain are discussed. The evidence presented in this review shows that mitochondria dysfunction may play a role in rheumatic pain. The dysfunction is not restricted to neuronal cells in the peripheral and central nervous system, but also includes blood cells and cells at the joint level that may affect pain pathways indirectly. Pre-clinical and clinical data suggest that modulation of mitochondrial functions can be used to attenuate or eliminate pain, which could be beneficial for multiple rheumatic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Niels Eijkelkamp
- Center for Translational Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
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Feng P, Xie Q, Liu Z, Guo Z, Tang R, Yu Q. Study on the Reparative Effect of PEGylated Growth Hormone on Ovarian Parameters and Mitochondrial Function of Oocytes From Rats With Premature Ovarian Insufficiency. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:649005. [PMID: 33791307 PMCID: PMC8005617 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.649005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2021] [Accepted: 02/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Premature ovarian insufficiency (POI) is a heterogeneous disorder and lacks effective interventions in clinical applications. This research aimed to elucidate the potential effects of recombinant human PEGylated growth hormone (rhGH) on follicular development and mitochondrial function in oocytes as well as ovarian parameters in POI rats induced by the chemotherapeutic agent. The impacts of rhGH on ovarian function before superovulation on follicles, estrous cycle, and sex hormones were evaluated. Oocytes were retrieved to determine oocyte quality and oxidative stress parameters. Single-cell sequencing was applied to investigate the latent regulatory network. This study provides new evidence that a high dosage of rhGH increased the number of retrieved oocytes even though it did not completely restore the disturbed estrous cycle and sex hormones. rhGH attenuated the apoptosis of granulosa cells and oxidative stress response caused by reactive oxygen species (ROS) and mitochondrial superoxide. Additionally, rhGH modulated the energy metabolism of oocytes concerning the mitochondrial membrane potential and ATP content but not mtDNA copy numbers. Based on single-cell transcriptomic analysis, we found that rhGH directly or indirectly promoted the balance of oxidative stress and cellular oxidant detoxification. Four hub genes, Pxmp4, Ehbp1, Mt-cyb, and Enpp6, were identified to be closely related to the repair process in oocytes as potential targets for POI treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Penghui Feng
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Qiu Xie
- Department of Medical Research Center, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zhe Liu
- Laboratory of Clinical Genetics Medical Science Research Center, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zaixin Guo
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Ruiyi Tang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Qi Yu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
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From Mitochondria to Atherosclerosis: The Inflammation Path. Biomedicines 2021; 9:biomedicines9030258. [PMID: 33807807 PMCID: PMC8000234 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9030258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2021] [Revised: 02/26/2021] [Accepted: 02/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammation is a key process in metazoan organisms due to its relevance for innate defense against infections and tissue damage. However, inflammation is also implicated in pathological processes such as atherosclerosis. Atherosclerosis is a chronic inflammatory disease of the arterial wall where unstable atherosclerotic plaque rupture causing platelet aggregation and thrombosis may compromise the arterial lumen, leading to acute or chronic ischemic syndromes. In this review, we will focus on the role of mitochondria in atherosclerosis while keeping inflammation as a link. Mitochondria are the main source of cellular energy. Under stress, mitochondria are also capable of controlling inflammation through the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and the release of mitochondrial components, such as mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA), into the cytoplasm or into the extracellular matrix, where they act as danger signals when recognized by innate immune receptors. Primary or secondary mitochondrial dysfunctions are associated with the initiation and progression of atherosclerosis by elevating the production of ROS, altering mitochondrial dynamics and energy supply, as well as promoting inflammation. Knowing and understanding the pathways behind mitochondrial-based inflammation in atheroma progression is essential to discovering alternative or complementary treatments.
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Snyder RJ, Kleeberger SR. Role of Mitochondrial DNA in Inflammatory Airway Diseases. Compr Physiol 2021; 11:1485-1499. [PMID: 33577124 DOI: 10.1002/cphy.c200010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
The mitochondrial genome is a small, circular, and highly conserved piece of DNA which encodes only 13 protein subunits yet is vital for electron transport in the mitochondrion and, therefore, vital for the existence of multicellular life on Earth. Despite this importance, mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) is located in one of the least-protected areas of the cell, exposing it to high concentrations of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) and threat from exogenous substances and pathogens. Until recently, the quality control mechanisms which ensured the stability of the nuclear genome were thought to be minimal or nonexistent in the mitochondria, and the thousands of redundant copies of mtDNA in each cell were believed to be the primary mechanism of protecting these genes. However, a vast network of mechanisms has been discovered that repair mtDNA lesions, replace and recycle mitochondrial chromosomes, and conduct alternate RNA processing for previously undescribed mitochondrial proteins. New mtDNA/RNA-dependent signaling pathways reveal a mostly undiscovered biochemical landscape in which the mitochondria interface with their host cells/organisms. As the myriad ways in which the function of the mitochondrial genome can affect human health have become increasingly apparent, the use of mitogenomic biomarkers (such as copy number and heteroplasmy) as toxicological endpoints has become more widely accepted. In this article, we examine several pathologies of human airway epithelium, including particle exposures, inflammatory diseases, and hyperoxia, and discuss the role of mitochondrial genotoxicity in the pathogenesis and/or exacerbation of these conditions. © 2021 American Physiological Society. Compr Physiol 11:1485-1499, 2021.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan J Snyder
- National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, NIH, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Steven R Kleeberger
- National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, NIH, Durham, North Carolina, USA
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9
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Wang YH, Tang YR, Gao X, Liu J, Zhang NN, Liang ZJ, Li Y, Pan LX. The anti-inflammatory and analgesic effects of intraperitoneal melatonin after spinal nerve ligation are mediated by inhibition of the NF-κB/NLRP3 inflammasome signaling pathway. Brain Res Bull 2021; 169:156-166. [PMID: 33508403 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2021.01.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2020] [Revised: 01/20/2021] [Accepted: 01/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To explore the potential analgesic effect of melatonin and its underlying molecular mechanisms in a neuropathic pain model induced by spinal nerve ligation (SNL). METHODS The experimental animals were divided into different groups including sham, vehicle, melatonin (MT) treatment, caspase-1 inhibitor (VX-765) treatment and MT2 antagonist (4P-PDOT) treatment. On the first three successive postoperative days, rats were intraperitoneally administered with MT, VX-765 or combination of MT and 4P-PDOT. Hyperalgesic behavior after SNL was evaluated using the paw withdrawal threshold (PWT). We then assessed expression of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), IL-18, interleukin-1β (IL-1β), NLRP3 inflammasome components, and nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) activation using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kits (ELISA), real-time PCR, immunohistochemistry, and western blot, respectively, in spinal cord horn tissues extracted on postoperative day 7. RESULTS The results showed that melatonin treatment alleviated SNL-induced allodynia. We observed an SNL-induced upregulation of TNF-α, IL-18, IL-1β, NLRP3, ASC, cleaved caspase-1, and NF-κB in the lumbar spinal cord horn of rats, which was significantly attenuated by intraperitoneal injection of melatonin or VX-765. Additionally, co-treatment of melatonin and 4P-PDOT abrogated the analgesic and anti-inflammatory effect of melatonin. CONCLUSION Melatonin had potent analgesic and anti-inflammatory effects in SNL-induced neuropathic pain via NF-κB/NLRP3 inflammasome signaling pathway. Our results therefore suggested that this pathway could represent a novel therapeutic target for the management of neuropathic pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Hao Wang
- Department of Pain Management, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Shandong Province, 266011, China
| | - Yu-Ru Tang
- Qingdao Mental Health Center, Qingdao University, Shandong Province, 266034, China
| | - Xiao Gao
- Qingdao Mental Health Center, Qingdao University, Shandong Province, 266034, China
| | - Juan Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Maternity and Child Hospital of Shandong Province, Shandong Province, 250014, China
| | - Nan-Nan Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Shandong Province, 266003, China
| | - Zhao-Jun Liang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Shandong Province, 266011, China
| | - Yan Li
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Shandong Province, 266003, China
| | - Li-Xiao Pan
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Shandong Province, 266003, China.
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Hydroxytyrosol as a Promising Ally in the Treatment of Fibromyalgia. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12082386. [PMID: 32784915 PMCID: PMC7468876 DOI: 10.3390/nu12082386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Revised: 07/29/2020] [Accepted: 08/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Fibromyalgia (FM) is a chronic and highly disabling syndrome, which is still underdiagnosed, with controversial treatment. Although its aetiology is unknown, a number of studies have pointed to the involvement of altered mitochondrial metabolism, increased oxidative stress and inflammation. The intake of extra virgin olive oil, and particularly of one of its phenolic compounds, hydroxytyrosol (HT), has proven to be protective in terms of redox homeostatic balance and the reduction of inflammation. In this context, using a proteomic approach with nanoscale liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry, the present study analysed: (i) Changes in the proteome of dermal fibroblasts from a patient with FM versus a healthy control, and (ii) the effect of the treatment with a nutritional relevant dose of HT. Our results unveiled that fibroblast from FM show a differential expression in proteins involved in the turnover of extracellular matrix and oxidative metabolism that could explain the inflammatory status of these patients. Moreover, a number of these proteins results normalized by the treatment with HT. In conclusion, our results support that an HT-enriched diet could be highly beneficial in the management of FM.
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Yoshida S, Hagiwara Y, Tsuchiya M, Shinoda M, Koide M, Hatakeyama H, Chaweewannakorn C, Suzuki K, Yano T, Sogi Y, Itaya N, Sekiguchi T, Yabe Y, Sasaki K, Kanzaki M, Itoi E. Involvement of inflammasome activation via elevation of uric acid level in nociception in a mouse model of muscle pain. Mol Pain 2020; 15:1744806919858797. [PMID: 31161887 PMCID: PMC6614954 DOI: 10.1177/1744806919858797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Muscle pain is a common condition in many diseases and is induced by muscle
overuse. Muscle overuse induces an increase in uric acid, which stimulates the
nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-like receptor (NLR). This receptor
contains the pyrin domain NLRP-3 inflammasome which when activated, results in
the secretion of potent pro-inflammatory cytokines such as interleukin-1β
(IL-1β). The aim of this study was to investigate the involvement of
inflammasome activation via the elevation of uric acid level in nociception in a
mouse model of muscle pain. The right hind leg muscles of BALB/c mice were
stimulated electrically to induce excessive muscle contraction. The left hind
leg muscles were not stimulated as a control. Mechanical withdrawal thresholds,
levels of uric acid, IL-1β, and NLRP3, caspase-1 activity, and the number of
macrophages were investigated. Furthermore, the effects of xanthine oxidase
inhibitors, such as Brilliant Blue G, caspase-1 inhibitor, and clodronate
liposome, on pain were investigated. In the stimulated muscles, mechanical
withdrawal thresholds decreased, and the levels of uric acid, NLRP3, and IL-1β,
caspase-1 activity, and the number of macrophages increased compared to that in
the non-stimulated muscles. Administration of the inhibitors attenuated
hyperalgesia caused by excessive muscle contraction. These results suggested
that IL-1β secretion and NLRP3 inflammasome activation in macrophages produced
mechanical hyperalgesia by elevating uric acid level, and xanthine oxidase
inhibitors may potentially reduce over-exercised muscle pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinichirou Yoshida
- 1 Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Hagiwara
- 1 Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | | | - Masamichi Shinoda
- 3 Department of Physiology, Nihon University School of Dentistry, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masashi Koide
- 4 Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Matsuda Hospital, Sendai, Japan
| | - Hiroyasu Hatakeyama
- 5 Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | | | - Kazuaki Suzuki
- 6 Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, JR Sendai Hospital, Sendai, Japan
| | - Toshihisa Yano
- 1 Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Yasuhito Sogi
- 1 Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Nobuyuki Itaya
- 6 Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, JR Sendai Hospital, Sendai, Japan
| | - Takuya Sekiguchi
- 7 Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Iwate Prefectural Central Hospital, Morioka, Japan
| | - Yutaka Yabe
- 1 Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Keiichi Sasaki
- 8 Division of Advanced Prosthetic Dentistry, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, Sendai, Japan
| | - Makoto Kanzaki
- 5 Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Eiji Itoi
- 1 Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
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12
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Bax K, Isackson PJ, Moore M, Ambrus JL. Carnitine Palmitoyl Transferase Deficiency in a University Immunology Practice. Curr Rheumatol Rep 2020; 22:8. [PMID: 32067119 DOI: 10.1007/s11926-020-0879-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE This report describes the clinical manifestations of 35 patients sent to a University Immunology clinic with a diagnosis of fatigue and exercise intolerance who were identified to have low carnitine palmitoyl transferase activity on muscle biopsies. RECENT FINDINGS All of the patients presented with fatigue and exercise intolerance and many had been diagnosed with fibromyalgia. Their symptoms responded to treatment of the metabolic disease. Associated symptoms included bloating, diarrhea, constipation, gastrointestinal reflux symptoms, recurrent infections, arthritis, dyspnea, dry eye, visual loss, and hearing loss. Associated medical conditions included Hashimoto thyroiditis, Sjogren's syndrome, seronegative arthritis, food hypersensitivities, asthma, sleep apnea, and vasculitis. This study identifies clinical features that should alert physicians to the possibility of an underlying metabolic disease. Treatment of the metabolic disease leads to symptomatic improvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kiley Bax
- Department of Medicine, SUNY at Buffalo School of Medicine, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Paul J Isackson
- Department of Pediatrics, SUNY at Buffalo School of Medicine, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Molly Moore
- Department of Surgery, SUNY at Buffalo School of Medicine, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Julian L Ambrus
- Department of Medicine, SUNY at Buffalo School of Medicine, Buffalo, NY, USA.
- Division of Allergy, Immunology and Rheumatology SUNY at Buffalo School of Medicine, Room 8030C, Center for Translational Research, 875 Ellicott Street, Buffalo, NY, 14203, USA.
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13
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Cowie AM, Menzel AD, O’Hara C, Lawlor MW, Stucky CL. NOD-like receptor protein 3 inflammasome drives postoperative mechanical pain in a sex-dependent manner. Pain 2019; 160:1794-1816. [PMID: 31335648 PMCID: PMC6662742 DOI: 10.1097/j.pain.0000000000001555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Postoperative pain management continues to be suboptimal because of the lack of effective nonopioid therapies and absence of understanding of sex-driven differences. Here, we asked how the NLRP3 inflammasome contributes to postoperative pain. Inflammasomes are mediators of the innate immune system that are responsible for activation and secretion of IL-1β upon stimulation by specific molecular signals. Peripheral IL-1β is known to contribute to the mechanical sensitization induced by surgical incision. However, it is not known which inflammasome mediates the IL-1β release after surgical incision. Among the 9 known inflammasomes, the NLRP3 inflammasome is ideally positioned to drive postoperative pain through IL-1β production because NLRP3 can be activated by factors that are released by incision. Here, we show that male mice that lack NLRP3 (NLRP3) recover from surgery-induced behavioral and neuronal mechanical sensitization faster and display less surgical site inflammation than mice expressing NLRP3 (wild-type). By contrast, female NLRP3 mice exhibit minimal attenuation of the postoperative mechanical hypersensitivity and no change in postoperative inflammation compared with wild-type controls. Sensory neuron-specific deletion of NLRP3 revealed that in males, NLRP3 expressed in non-neuronal cells and potentially sensory neurons drives postoperative pain. However, in females, only the NLRP3 that may be expressed in sensory neurons contributes to postoperative pain where the non-neuronal cell contribution is NLRP3 independent. This is the first evidence of a key role for NLRP3 in postoperative pain and reveals immune-mediated sex differences in postoperative pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashley M. Cowie
- Department of Cell Biology, Neurobiology and Anatomy, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226
| | - Anthony D. Menzel
- Department of Cell Biology, Neurobiology and Anatomy, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226
| | - Crystal O’Hara
- Department of Cell Biology, Neurobiology and Anatomy, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226
| | - Michael W. Lawlor
- Division of Pediatric Pathology, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine
- Neuroscience Research Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
| | - Cheryl L. Stucky
- Department of Cell Biology, Neurobiology and Anatomy, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226
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14
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Vaamonde-García C, López-Armada MJ. Role of mitochondrial dysfunction on rheumatic diseases. Biochem Pharmacol 2019; 165:181-195. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2019.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2019] [Accepted: 03/07/2019] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
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15
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Cowie AM, Dittel BN, Stucky CL. A Novel Sex-Dependent Target for the Treatment of Postoperative Pain: The NLRP3 Inflammasome. Front Neurol 2019; 10:622. [PMID: 31244767 PMCID: PMC6581722 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2019.00622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2019] [Accepted: 05/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent years the innate immune system has been shown to be crucial for the pathogenesis of postoperative pain. The mediators released by innate immune cells drive the sensitization of sensory neurons following injury by directly acting on peripheral nerve terminals at the injury site. The predominate sensitization signaling pathway involves the proinflammatory cytokine interleukin-1β (IL-1β). IL-1β is known to cause pain by directly acting on sensory neurons. Evidence demonstrates that blockade of IL-1β signaling decreases postoperative pain, however complete blockade of IL-1β signaling increases the risk of infection and decreases effective wound healing. IL-1β requires activation by an inflammasome; inflammasomes are cytosolic receptors of the innate immune system. NOD-like receptor protein 3 (NLRP3) is the predominant inflammasome activated by endogenous molecules that are released by tissue injury such as that which occurs during neuropathic and inflammatory pain disorders. Given that selective inhibition of NLRP3 alleviates postoperative mechanical pain, its selective targeting may be a novel and effective strategy for the treatment of pain that would avoid complications of global IL-1β inhibition. Moreover, NLRP3 is activated in pain in a sex-dependent and cell type-dependent manner. Sex differences in the innate immune system have been shown to drive pain and sensitization through different mechanisms in inflammatory and neuropathic pain disorders, indicating that it is imperative that both sexes are studied when researchers investigate and identify new targets for pain therapeutics. This review will highlight the roles of the innate immune response, the NLRP3 inflammasome, and sex differences in neuropathic and inflammatory pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashley M Cowie
- Department of Cell Biology, Neurobiology, and Anatomy, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States
| | - Bonnie N Dittel
- Blood Research Institute, Versiti, Milwaukee, WI, United States.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States
| | - Cheryl L Stucky
- Department of Cell Biology, Neurobiology, and Anatomy, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States
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16
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Danda S, Thomas BM, Paramasivam G, Thomas R, Mathew J, Danda D. A descriptive pilot study of mitochondrial mutations & clinical phenotype in fibromyalgia syndrome. Indian J Med Res 2019; 149:47-50. [PMID: 31115374 PMCID: PMC6507534 DOI: 10.4103/ijmr.ijmr_1977_16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Background & objectives: Fibromyalgia syndrome (FMS) is one of the most common chronic pain conditions of unknown aetiology. Mitochondrial dysfunction has been reported in FMS with some studies reporting the presence of mitochondrial mutation namely A3243G, which also causes mitochondrial encephalomyopathy, lactic acidosis and stroke-like episodes. This pilot study was conducted to assess this mutation and also detect large deletions in mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) in patients with FMS. Methods: Thirty female patients with FMS participated and 30 matched controls were included. Genomic DNA was subjected to polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification using specific primers followed by restriction digestion with ApaI enzyme to detect the specific A3243G mtDNA mutation. Long-range PCR was done in two sets to detect the large deletions in the mtDNA. Biochemical parameters including thyroid-stimulating hormone and vitamin D levels were also looked at. Results: None of the patients were found to carry the common mutation or large deletions. Low vitamin D level was a common finding. Hypothyroidism was found in a few patients. Interpretation & conclusions: Although the common mutation or large mtDNA deletions were not detected in blood mtDNA in the FMS patients, mutations in the muscle and sequence variation in mtDNA remained a possibility. Future studies in both blood and muscle tissue including mtDNA sequencing are warranted in such patients to determine if a subset of FMS patients have mitochondrial myopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumita Danda
- Department of Medical Genetics, Christian Medical College & Hospital, Vellore, India
| | - Blessy Mariam Thomas
- Department of Medical Genetics, Christian Medical College & Hospital, Vellore, India
| | - G Paramasivam
- Department of Medical Genetics, Christian Medical College & Hospital, Vellore, India
| | - Raji Thomas
- Department of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation, Christian Medical College & Hospital, Vellore, India
| | - John Mathew
- Department of Clinical Immunology & Rheumatology, Christian Medical College & Hospital, Vellore, India
| | - Debashish Danda
- Department of Clinical Immunology & Rheumatology, Christian Medical College & Hospital, Vellore, India
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17
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Abstract
The NLRP3 inflammasome is a multimeric protein complex that cleaves caspase-1 and the pro-inflammatory cytokines interleukin 1 beta (IL-1β) and IL-18. Dysregulated NLRP3 inflammasome signalling is linked to several chronic inflammatory and autoimmune conditions; thus, understanding the activation mechanisms of the NLRP3 inflammasome is essential. Studies over the past few years have implicated vital roles for distinct intracellular organelles in both the localisation and assembly of the NLRP3 inflammasome. However, conflicting reports exist. Prior to its activation, NLRP3 has been shown to be resident in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and cytosol, although, upon activation, the NLRP3 inflammasome has been shown to assemble in the cytosol, mitochondria, and mitochondria-associated ER membranes by different reports. Finally, very recent work has suggested that NLRP3 may be localised on or adjacent to the Golgi apparatus and that release of mediators from this organelle may contribute to inflammasome assembly. Therefore, NLRP3 may be strategically placed on or in close proximity to these subcellular compartments to both sense danger signals originating from these organelles and use the compartment as a scaffold to assemble the complex. Understanding where and when NLRP3 inflammasome assembly occurs may help identify potential targets for treatment of NLRP3-related disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire Hamilton
- Infectious Diseases and Immunity, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, The Commonwealth Building, Du Cane Road, London, W12 0NN, UK
| | - Paras K Anand
- Infectious Diseases and Immunity, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, The Commonwealth Building, Du Cane Road, London, W12 0NN, UK
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18
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Favero G, Bonomini F, Franco C, Rezzani R. Mitochondrial Dysfunction in Skeletal Muscle of a Fibromyalgia Model: The Potential Benefits of Melatonin. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20030765. [PMID: 30754674 PMCID: PMC6386947 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20030765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2019] [Revised: 02/01/2019] [Accepted: 02/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Fibromyalgia syndrome (FMS) is considered a musculoskeletal disorder associated to other symptoms including chronic pain. Since the hypothesis of FMS etiogenesis is consistent with mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress, we evaluated the pathophysiological correlation among these factors studying some proteins involved in the mitochondrial homeostasis. We focused our attention on the roles of peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma coactivator-1alpha (PGC-1α), mitofusin2 (Mfn2), and coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) in reserpine-induced myalgic (RIM) rats that manifest fibromyalgia-like chronic pain symptoms. First, we underlined that RIM rats are a good model for studying the pathophysiology of FMS and moreover, we found that PGC-1α, Mfn2, and CoQ10 are involved in FMS. In fact, their expressions were reduced in gastrocnemius muscle determining an incorrect mitochondrial homeostasis. Today, none of the currently available drugs are fully effective against the symptoms of this disease and they, often, induce several adverse events; hence, many scientists have taken on the challenge of searching for non-pharmacological treatments. Another goal of this study was therefore the evaluation of the potential benefits of melatonin, an endogenous indoleamine having several functions including its potent capacity to induce antioxidant enzymes and to determine the protective or reparative mechanisms in the cells. We observed that melatonin supplementation significantly preserved all the studied parameters, counteracting oxidative stress in RIM rats and confirming that this indoleamine should be taken in consideration for improving health and/or counteract mitochondrial related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaia Favero
- Anatomy and Physiopathology Division, Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Brescia, Viale Europa 11, 25123 Brescia, Italy.
| | - Francesca Bonomini
- Anatomy and Physiopathology Division, Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Brescia, Viale Europa 11, 25123 Brescia, Italy.
- Interdipartimental University Center of Research "Adaption and Regeneration of Tissues and Organs-(ARTO)", University of Brescia, 25123 Brescia, Italy.
| | - Caterina Franco
- Anatomy and Physiopathology Division, Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Brescia, Viale Europa 11, 25123 Brescia, Italy.
| | - Rita Rezzani
- Anatomy and Physiopathology Division, Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Brescia, Viale Europa 11, 25123 Brescia, Italy.
- Interdipartimental University Center of Research "Adaption and Regeneration of Tissues and Organs-(ARTO)", University of Brescia, 25123 Brescia, Italy.
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19
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Zhang H, Li F, Li WW, Stary C, Clark JD, Xu S, Xiong X. The inflammasome as a target for pain therapy. Br J Anaesth 2018; 117:693-707. [PMID: 27956668 DOI: 10.1093/bja/aew376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The interleukin-1 family of cytokines are potent inducers of inflammation and pain. Proteolytic activation of this family of cytokines is under the control of several innate immune receptors that coordinate to form large multiprotein signalling platforms, termed inflammasomes. Recent evidence suggests that a wide range of inflammatory diseases, cancers, and metabolic and autoimmune disorders, in which pain is a common complaint, may be coordinated by inflammasomes. Activation of inflammasomes results in cleavage of caspase-1, which subsequently induces downstream initiation of several potent pro-inflammatory cascades. Therefore, it has been proposed that targeting inflammasome activity may be a novel and effective therapeutic strategy for these pain-related diseases. The purpose of this narrative review article is to provide the reader with an overview of the activation and regulation of inflammasomes and to investigate the potential therapeutic role of inflammasome inhibition in the treatment of diseases characterized by pain, including the following: complex regional pain syndrome, gout, rheumatoid arthritis, inflammatory pain, neuropathic pain, chronic prostatitis, chronic pelvic pain syndrome, and fibromyalgia. We conclude that the role of the inflammasome in pain-associated diseases is likely to be inflammasome subtype and disease specific. The currently available evidence suggests that disease-specific targeting of the assembly and activity of the inflammasome complex may be a novel therapeutic opportunity for the treatment of refractory pain in many settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Zhujiang Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, PR China
| | - F Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, Zhujiang Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, PR China
| | - W-W Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - C Stary
- Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - J D Clark
- Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - S Xu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Zhujiang Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, PR China
| | - X Xiong
- Department of Neurosurgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China
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20
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Sack MN. Mitochondrial fidelity and metabolic agility control immune cell fate and function. J Clin Invest 2018; 128:3651-3661. [PMID: 30059015 DOI: 10.1172/jci120845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Remodeling of mitochondrial metabolism plays an important role in regulating immune cell fate, proliferation, and activity. Furthermore, given their bacterial ancestry, disruption in mitochondrial fidelity leading to extravasation of their content initiates and amplifies innate immune surveillance with a myriad of physiologic and pathologic consequences. Investigations into the role of mitochondria in the immune system have come to the fore, and appreciation of mitochondrial function and quality control in immune regulation has enhanced our understanding of disease pathogenesis and identified new targets for immune modulation. This mitochondria-centered Review focuses on the role of mitochondrial metabolism and fidelity, as well as the role of the mitochondria as a structural platform, for the control of immune cell polarity, activation, and signaling. Mitochondria-linked disease and mitochondrially targeted therapeutic strategies to manage these conditions are also discussed.
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21
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Abstract
Fibromyalgia appears to present in subgroups with regard to biological pain induction, with primarily inflammatory, neuropathic/neurodegenerative, sympathetic, oxidative, nitrosative, or muscular factors and/or central sensitization. Recent research has also discussed glial activation or interrupted dopaminergic neurotransmission, as well as increased skin mast cells and mitochondrial dysfunction. Therapy is difficult, and the treatment options used so far mostly just have the potential to address only one of these aspects. As ambroxol addresses all of them in a single substance and furthermore also reduces visceral hypersensitivity, in fibromyalgia existing as irritable bowel syndrome or chronic bladder pain, it should be systematically investigated for this purpose. Encouraged by first clinical observations of two working groups using topical or oral ambroxol for fibromyalgia treatments, the present paper outlines the scientific argument for this approach by looking at each of the aforementioned aspects of this complex disease and summarizes putative modes of action of ambroxol. Nevertheless, at this point the evidence basis for ambroxol is not strong enough for clinical recommendation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai-Uwe Kern
- Institute of Pain Medicine/Pain Practice, Wiesbaden, Germany
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22
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Favero G, Trapletti V, Bonomini F, Stacchiotti A, Lavazza A, Rodella LF, Rezzani R. Oral Supplementation of Melatonin Protects against Fibromyalgia-Related Skeletal Muscle Alterations in Reserpine-Induced Myalgia Rats. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18071389. [PMID: 28661421 PMCID: PMC5535882 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18071389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2017] [Revised: 06/19/2017] [Accepted: 06/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Fibromyalgia is a chronic syndrome characterized by widespread musculoskeletal pain and an extensive array of other symptoms including disordered sleep, fatigue, depression and anxiety. Important factors involved in the pathogenic process of fibromyalgia are inflammation and oxidative stress, suggesting that ant-inflammatory and/or antioxidant supplementation might be effective in the management and modulation of this syndrome. Recent evidence suggests that melatonin may be suitable for this purpose due to its well known ant-inflammatory, antioxidant and analgesic effects. Thus, in the current study, the effects of the oral supplementation of melatonin against fibromyalgia-related skeletal muscle alterations were evaluated. In detail, 90 Sprague Dawley rats were randomly treated with reserpine, to reproduce the pathogenic process of fibromyalgia and thereafter they received melatonin. The animals treated with reserpine showed moderate alterations at hind limb skeletal muscles level and had difficulty in moving, together with significant morphological and ultrastructural alterations and expression of inflammatory and oxidative stress markers in the gastrocnemius muscle. Interestingly, melatonin, dose and/or time dependently, reduced the difficulties in spontaneous motor activity and the musculoskeletal morphostructural, inflammatory, and oxidative stress alterations. This study suggests that melatonin in vivo may be an effective tool in the management of fibromyalgia-related musculoskeletal morphofunctional damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaia Favero
- Anatomy and Physiopathology Division, Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Brescia, Viale Europa 11, 25123 Brescia, Italy.
| | - Valentina Trapletti
- Anatomy and Physiopathology Division, Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Brescia, Viale Europa 11, 25123 Brescia, Italy.
| | - Francesca Bonomini
- Anatomy and Physiopathology Division, Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Brescia, Viale Europa 11, 25123 Brescia, Italy.
- Interdipartimental University Center of Research "Adaption and Regeneration of Tissues and Organs-(ARTO)", University of Brescia, 25123 Brescia, Italy.
| | - Alessandra Stacchiotti
- Anatomy and Physiopathology Division, Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Brescia, Viale Europa 11, 25123 Brescia, Italy.
- Interdipartimental University Center of Research "Adaption and Regeneration of Tissues and Organs-(ARTO)", University of Brescia, 25123 Brescia, Italy.
| | - Antonio Lavazza
- OIE Reference Laboratory for RHD, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Lombardia e Emilia Romagna, 25124 Brescia, Italy.
| | - Luigi Fabrizio Rodella
- Anatomy and Physiopathology Division, Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Brescia, Viale Europa 11, 25123 Brescia, Italy.
- Interdipartimental University Center of Research "Adaption and Regeneration of Tissues and Organs-(ARTO)", University of Brescia, 25123 Brescia, Italy.
| | - Rita Rezzani
- Anatomy and Physiopathology Division, Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Brescia, Viale Europa 11, 25123 Brescia, Italy.
- Interdipartimental University Center of Research "Adaption and Regeneration of Tissues and Organs-(ARTO)", University of Brescia, 25123 Brescia, Italy.
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23
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Mitochondrial DNA in innate immune responses and inflammatory pathology. Nat Rev Immunol 2017; 17:363-375. [PMID: 28393922 DOI: 10.1038/nri.2017.21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 633] [Impact Index Per Article: 90.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) - which is well known for its role in oxidative phosphorylation and maternally inherited mitochondrial diseases - is increasingly recognized as an agonist of the innate immune system that influences antimicrobial responses and inflammatory pathology. On entering the cytoplasm, extracellular space or circulation, mtDNA can engage multiple pattern-recognition receptors in cell-type- and context-dependent manners to trigger pro-inflammatory and type I interferon responses. Here, we review the expanding research field of mtDNA in innate immune responses to highlight new mechanistic insights and discuss the physiological and pathological relevance of this exciting area of mitochondrial biology.
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24
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Cervantes-Aragón I, Ramirez-García SA, Garcia-Cruz D. Esclerosis lateral amiotrófica positiva para mutación en el gen CYTB y negativa en SOD1 y ATXN2. REVISTA DE LA FACULTAD DE MEDICINA 2017. [DOI: 10.15446/revfacmed.v65n2.65883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Señor editor, se examinó a una mujer de 28 años, originaria de Miahuatlán de Porfirio Díaz Oaxaca, México, remitida para descartar esclerosis lateral amiotrófica (ELA) y miopatía mitocondrial por la unidad de rehabilitación básica. La paciente presentaba disfagia, debilidad muscular, calambres, fatiga e intolerancia al ejercicio, síntomas progresivos desde hace 2 años. Los familiares que la acompañaban refirieron que en ocasiones presentaba llanto sin causa alguna, así como odinofagia al pasar líquidos y comida sólida desde los 13 años, lo que había progresado a disfagia.A la paciente se le detectó sordera sensorial derecha a los tres años de edad y diabetes mellitus un año atrás, la cual se manejó con metformina 500mg cada 8 horas. No se le documentó historia de crisis convulsiva o actividad epiléptica hasta la fecha. A la exploración física no se encontró oftalmoplejía externa ni ptosis palpebral, pero sí hiperreflexia de miembros pélvicos y atrofia de los músculos de miembros torácicos muy marcada en las eminencias tenar e hipotenar. En la tomografía de cráneo contrastada no se encontraron infartos fantasmas, conocidos como stroke-like, pero la resonancia magnética simple de la columna vertebral mostró atrofia de las astas anteriores. En la historia familiar no se encontró ningún otro miembro afectado.
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25
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Understanding unspecific complaints through genetics. Nat Genet 2016; 48:1450-1451. [PMID: 27898081 DOI: 10.1038/ng.3730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Unspecific and unexplained medical complaints can be frustrating to both patients and clinicians. A cause for these complex symptoms and signs may now have been identified.
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26
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Natural Bioactive Compounds: The Way Shown by Professor Maurizio Battino and His Group in an Italian Cutting-Edge Laboratory. Int J Mol Sci 2016; 17:ijms17071038. [PMID: 27399670 PMCID: PMC4964414 DOI: 10.3390/ijms17071038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2016] [Revised: 06/28/2016] [Accepted: 06/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
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