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Yeow D, Rudaks LI, Siow SF, Davis RL, Kumar KR. Genetic Testing of Movements Disorders: A Review of Clinical Utility. Tremor Other Hyperkinet Mov (N Y) 2024; 14:2. [PMID: 38222898 PMCID: PMC10785957 DOI: 10.5334/tohm.835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Currently, pathogenic variants in more than 500 different genes are known to cause various movement disorders. The increasing accessibility and reducing cost of genetic testing has resulted in increasing clinical use of genetic testing for the diagnosis of movement disorders. However, the optimal use case(s) for genetic testing at a patient level remain ill-defined. Here, we review the utility of genetic testing in patients with movement disorders and also highlight current challenges and limitations that need to be considered when making decisions about genetic testing in clinical practice. Highlights The utility of genetic testing extends across multiple clinical and non-clinical domains. Here we review different aspects of the utility of genetic testing for movement disorders and the numerous associated challenges and limitations. These factors should be weighed on a case-by-case basis when requesting genetic tests in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dennis Yeow
- Translational Neurogenomics Group, Neurology Department & Molecular Medicine Laboratory, Concord Repatriation General Hospital, Concord, NSW, Australia
- Concord Clinical School, Sydney Medical School, Faculty of Health & Medicine, University of Sydney, Concord, NSW, Australia
- Rare Disease Program, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, NSW, Australia
- Department of Neurology, Prince of Wales Hospital, Randwick, NSW, Australia
- Neuroscience Research Australia, Randwick, NSW, Australia
| | - Laura I. Rudaks
- Translational Neurogenomics Group, Neurology Department & Molecular Medicine Laboratory, Concord Repatriation General Hospital, Concord, NSW, Australia
- Concord Clinical School, Sydney Medical School, Faculty of Health & Medicine, University of Sydney, Concord, NSW, Australia
- Rare Disease Program, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, NSW, Australia
| | - Sue-Faye Siow
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Royal North Shore Hospital, St Leonards, NSW, Australia
| | - Ryan L. Davis
- Rare Disease Program, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, NSW, Australia
- Neurogenetics Research Group, Kolling Institute, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney and Northern Sydney Local Health District, St Leonards, NSW, Australia
| | - Kishore R. Kumar
- Translational Neurogenomics Group, Neurology Department & Molecular Medicine Laboratory, Concord Repatriation General Hospital, Concord, NSW, Australia
- Concord Clinical School, Sydney Medical School, Faculty of Health & Medicine, University of Sydney, Concord, NSW, Australia
- Rare Disease Program, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, NSW, Australia
- School of Clinical Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
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Dorsemans AC, Coarelli G, Heinzmann A, Verdon B, De Luca M, Petit E, Pierron L, Levy-Soussan M, Durr A, Gargiulo M, Ewenczyk C. End-of-Life Discussions With Patients and Caregivers Affected By Neurogenetic Diseases. Neurol Clin Pract 2023; 13:e200199. [PMID: 37854177 PMCID: PMC10581072 DOI: 10.1212/cpj.0000000000200199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2023] [Accepted: 09/06/2023] [Indexed: 10/20/2023]
Abstract
Background and Objectives No effective cure is available for neurogenetic diseases such as Huntington disease, spinocerebellar ataxias, and Friedreich ataxia, all of which cause progressive motor, cognitive, and psychiatric symptoms leading, in the long term, to severe communication (among other) impairments. In end-of-life situations, advanced directives (indications formulated by the patient about end-of-life choices) are one decision-making resource for relatives, caregivers, and health care professionals. Given the slowly progressive nature of these diseases, the related disabilities, and their hereditary component, patients, caregivers, and neurologists are often at a loss concerning the right course of action to take. Our study's aim was to explore patients' and caregivers' perceptions, needs, and expectations around anticipated end-of-life discussions and advanced directives. Methods DIRAGENE is an observational, cross-sectional, mixed-methods study with a patient-centered component and a primary caregiver-centered component. Observations include disease severity, psychosocial, and emotional scales; in-house questionnaires; and semidirected interviews. Results We included 124 participants, of which 81 were patients and 43 primary caregivers. Only 16% of the participants knew specifically about advanced directives and 7% had written documents vs 30% and 18% in the general French population, respectively, adjusted for age. Qualitative analysis of the interviews with 15 couples showed notable dissimilarities in ideas about advanced directives between patients and caregivers and that the underlying pathology, severity, and inheritability are less relevant factors regarding end-of-life discussions than age, environment, prior experiences with death, and history of family illness. Most patients (95%) and caregivers (98%) found that participating in the study was helpful in bringing awareness to end-of-life issues, wished to prioritize discussing them with loved ones, and requested assistance in managing them throughout the course of the disease. Discussion Being affected by severe neurogenetic diseases does not seem to prompt individuals to give much thought to end-of-life planning. However, patients and caregivers welcome comprehensive information and expect progressive support from trained health care professionals in having such discussions. Routine integration of these conversations into medical management through a holistic and adapted approach will benefit patients with illnesses with unfavorable long-term prognoses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne-Claire Dorsemans
- Sorbonne Université (A-CD, GC, AH, EP, AD, CE), Paris Brain Institute (ICM Institut du Cerveau), APHP, INSERM, CRNS; Université Paris Cité (A-CD, BV, MDL, MG), Laboratoire de Psychologie Clinique, Psychopathologie, Psychanalyse, Boulogne-Billancourt; Genetic Department (GC, AH, LP, MG, CE), Pitié-Salpêtrière Charles-Foix University Hospital, Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP); Mobile Palliative Care Unit (ML-S), Pitié-Salpêtrière Charles-Foix University Hospital, Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP); Université Paris Cité (ML-S), Team Science, Normes, Démocratie, SND UMR 8011, Sorbonne Université Lettres; and Institute of Myology (MG), Pitié-Salpêtrière University Hospital, Paris, France
| | - Giulia Coarelli
- Sorbonne Université (A-CD, GC, AH, EP, AD, CE), Paris Brain Institute (ICM Institut du Cerveau), APHP, INSERM, CRNS; Université Paris Cité (A-CD, BV, MDL, MG), Laboratoire de Psychologie Clinique, Psychopathologie, Psychanalyse, Boulogne-Billancourt; Genetic Department (GC, AH, LP, MG, CE), Pitié-Salpêtrière Charles-Foix University Hospital, Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP); Mobile Palliative Care Unit (ML-S), Pitié-Salpêtrière Charles-Foix University Hospital, Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP); Université Paris Cité (ML-S), Team Science, Normes, Démocratie, SND UMR 8011, Sorbonne Université Lettres; and Institute of Myology (MG), Pitié-Salpêtrière University Hospital, Paris, France
| | - Anna Heinzmann
- Sorbonne Université (A-CD, GC, AH, EP, AD, CE), Paris Brain Institute (ICM Institut du Cerveau), APHP, INSERM, CRNS; Université Paris Cité (A-CD, BV, MDL, MG), Laboratoire de Psychologie Clinique, Psychopathologie, Psychanalyse, Boulogne-Billancourt; Genetic Department (GC, AH, LP, MG, CE), Pitié-Salpêtrière Charles-Foix University Hospital, Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP); Mobile Palliative Care Unit (ML-S), Pitié-Salpêtrière Charles-Foix University Hospital, Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP); Université Paris Cité (ML-S), Team Science, Normes, Démocratie, SND UMR 8011, Sorbonne Université Lettres; and Institute of Myology (MG), Pitié-Salpêtrière University Hospital, Paris, France
| | - Benoit Verdon
- Sorbonne Université (A-CD, GC, AH, EP, AD, CE), Paris Brain Institute (ICM Institut du Cerveau), APHP, INSERM, CRNS; Université Paris Cité (A-CD, BV, MDL, MG), Laboratoire de Psychologie Clinique, Psychopathologie, Psychanalyse, Boulogne-Billancourt; Genetic Department (GC, AH, LP, MG, CE), Pitié-Salpêtrière Charles-Foix University Hospital, Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP); Mobile Palliative Care Unit (ML-S), Pitié-Salpêtrière Charles-Foix University Hospital, Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP); Université Paris Cité (ML-S), Team Science, Normes, Démocratie, SND UMR 8011, Sorbonne Université Lettres; and Institute of Myology (MG), Pitié-Salpêtrière University Hospital, Paris, France
| | - Manuella De Luca
- Sorbonne Université (A-CD, GC, AH, EP, AD, CE), Paris Brain Institute (ICM Institut du Cerveau), APHP, INSERM, CRNS; Université Paris Cité (A-CD, BV, MDL, MG), Laboratoire de Psychologie Clinique, Psychopathologie, Psychanalyse, Boulogne-Billancourt; Genetic Department (GC, AH, LP, MG, CE), Pitié-Salpêtrière Charles-Foix University Hospital, Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP); Mobile Palliative Care Unit (ML-S), Pitié-Salpêtrière Charles-Foix University Hospital, Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP); Université Paris Cité (ML-S), Team Science, Normes, Démocratie, SND UMR 8011, Sorbonne Université Lettres; and Institute of Myology (MG), Pitié-Salpêtrière University Hospital, Paris, France
| | - Elodie Petit
- Sorbonne Université (A-CD, GC, AH, EP, AD, CE), Paris Brain Institute (ICM Institut du Cerveau), APHP, INSERM, CRNS; Université Paris Cité (A-CD, BV, MDL, MG), Laboratoire de Psychologie Clinique, Psychopathologie, Psychanalyse, Boulogne-Billancourt; Genetic Department (GC, AH, LP, MG, CE), Pitié-Salpêtrière Charles-Foix University Hospital, Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP); Mobile Palliative Care Unit (ML-S), Pitié-Salpêtrière Charles-Foix University Hospital, Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP); Université Paris Cité (ML-S), Team Science, Normes, Démocratie, SND UMR 8011, Sorbonne Université Lettres; and Institute of Myology (MG), Pitié-Salpêtrière University Hospital, Paris, France
| | - Lucie Pierron
- Sorbonne Université (A-CD, GC, AH, EP, AD, CE), Paris Brain Institute (ICM Institut du Cerveau), APHP, INSERM, CRNS; Université Paris Cité (A-CD, BV, MDL, MG), Laboratoire de Psychologie Clinique, Psychopathologie, Psychanalyse, Boulogne-Billancourt; Genetic Department (GC, AH, LP, MG, CE), Pitié-Salpêtrière Charles-Foix University Hospital, Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP); Mobile Palliative Care Unit (ML-S), Pitié-Salpêtrière Charles-Foix University Hospital, Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP); Université Paris Cité (ML-S), Team Science, Normes, Démocratie, SND UMR 8011, Sorbonne Université Lettres; and Institute of Myology (MG), Pitié-Salpêtrière University Hospital, Paris, France
| | - Michèle Levy-Soussan
- Sorbonne Université (A-CD, GC, AH, EP, AD, CE), Paris Brain Institute (ICM Institut du Cerveau), APHP, INSERM, CRNS; Université Paris Cité (A-CD, BV, MDL, MG), Laboratoire de Psychologie Clinique, Psychopathologie, Psychanalyse, Boulogne-Billancourt; Genetic Department (GC, AH, LP, MG, CE), Pitié-Salpêtrière Charles-Foix University Hospital, Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP); Mobile Palliative Care Unit (ML-S), Pitié-Salpêtrière Charles-Foix University Hospital, Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP); Université Paris Cité (ML-S), Team Science, Normes, Démocratie, SND UMR 8011, Sorbonne Université Lettres; and Institute of Myology (MG), Pitié-Salpêtrière University Hospital, Paris, France
| | - Alexandra Durr
- Sorbonne Université (A-CD, GC, AH, EP, AD, CE), Paris Brain Institute (ICM Institut du Cerveau), APHP, INSERM, CRNS; Université Paris Cité (A-CD, BV, MDL, MG), Laboratoire de Psychologie Clinique, Psychopathologie, Psychanalyse, Boulogne-Billancourt; Genetic Department (GC, AH, LP, MG, CE), Pitié-Salpêtrière Charles-Foix University Hospital, Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP); Mobile Palliative Care Unit (ML-S), Pitié-Salpêtrière Charles-Foix University Hospital, Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP); Université Paris Cité (ML-S), Team Science, Normes, Démocratie, SND UMR 8011, Sorbonne Université Lettres; and Institute of Myology (MG), Pitié-Salpêtrière University Hospital, Paris, France
| | - Marcela Gargiulo
- Sorbonne Université (A-CD, GC, AH, EP, AD, CE), Paris Brain Institute (ICM Institut du Cerveau), APHP, INSERM, CRNS; Université Paris Cité (A-CD, BV, MDL, MG), Laboratoire de Psychologie Clinique, Psychopathologie, Psychanalyse, Boulogne-Billancourt; Genetic Department (GC, AH, LP, MG, CE), Pitié-Salpêtrière Charles-Foix University Hospital, Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP); Mobile Palliative Care Unit (ML-S), Pitié-Salpêtrière Charles-Foix University Hospital, Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP); Université Paris Cité (ML-S), Team Science, Normes, Démocratie, SND UMR 8011, Sorbonne Université Lettres; and Institute of Myology (MG), Pitié-Salpêtrière University Hospital, Paris, France
| | - Claire Ewenczyk
- Sorbonne Université (A-CD, GC, AH, EP, AD, CE), Paris Brain Institute (ICM Institut du Cerveau), APHP, INSERM, CRNS; Université Paris Cité (A-CD, BV, MDL, MG), Laboratoire de Psychologie Clinique, Psychopathologie, Psychanalyse, Boulogne-Billancourt; Genetic Department (GC, AH, LP, MG, CE), Pitié-Salpêtrière Charles-Foix University Hospital, Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP); Mobile Palliative Care Unit (ML-S), Pitié-Salpêtrière Charles-Foix University Hospital, Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP); Université Paris Cité (ML-S), Team Science, Normes, Démocratie, SND UMR 8011, Sorbonne Université Lettres; and Institute of Myology (MG), Pitié-Salpêtrière University Hospital, Paris, France
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