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Ogamba CF, Roberts AA, Babah OA, Ikwuegbuenyi CA, Ologunja OJ, Amodeni OK. Correlates of knowledge of genetic diseases and congenital anomalies among pregnant women attending antenatal clinics in Lagos, South-West Nigeria. Pan Afr Med J 2021; 38:310. [PMID: 34178228 PMCID: PMC8197039 DOI: 10.11604/pamj.2021.38.310.26636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2020] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction genetic diseases and congenital anomalies place a significant burden on the health of new-borns and their mothers. Despite the availability of a variety of prenatal screening tests, mothers' knowledge has been documented to determine uptake. This study aims to assess the knowledge of pregnant women about birth defects and the associated correlates with regard to willingness to do prenatal screening. Methods a cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted among 422 antenatal mothers recruited sequentially as they attended antenatal clinics at the Lagos University Teaching Hospital. An interviewer-administered questionnaire was used to determine their knowledge of birth defects and willingness to do prenatal testing. Results majority of the participants (92.2%) had at least secondary education. The mean total knowledge score of the respondents was 63%. Age and knowledge scores were not significantly correlated (r=-0.071, p=0.14). Being employed predicted higher knowledge scores (95% CI: 0.09, 2.09, p=0.03). Respondents who had primary school education and those who replied “I don't know” to willingness to test had significantly lower knowledge scores (95% CI: -15.01, -1.19, p=0.02 and 95% CI: -4.52, -0.68, p=0.01 respectively). Majority (79.1%) of the respondents were willing to undergo testing. Respondents' level of education was significantly associated with willingness to test (p=0.03). Conclusion the observed knowledge gaps were considerable. There is need for improvement in education, the empowerment of women and access to quality healthcare including prenatal screening.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Alero Ann Roberts
- Department of Community Health and Primary Care, College of Medicine, University of Lagos, Lagos, Nigeria
| | - Ochuwa Adiketu Babah
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, College of Medicine, University of Lagos/Lagos University Teaching Hospital, Surulere, Lagos, Nigeria
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Anigilaje EA, Olutola A. Prospects of genetic testing for steroid-resistant nephrotic syndrome in Nigerian children: a narrative review of challenges and opportunities. Int J Nephrol Renovasc Dis 2019; 12:119-136. [PMID: 31190951 PMCID: PMC6512787 DOI: 10.2147/ijnrd.s193874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The prevalence of childhood steroid-resistant nephrotic syndrome (SRNS) ranges from 35% to 92%. This steroid resistance among Nigerian children also reflects underlying renal histopathology, revealing a rare minimal-change disease and a varying burden of membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis and focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS). FSGS tends to progress to end-stage kidney disease, which requires dialysis and/or renal transplantation. While knowledge of the molecular basis of NS is evolving, recent data support the role of mutant genes that otherwise maintain the structural and functional composition of the glomerular filtration barrier to account for many monogenic forms of FSGS. With the advent of next-generation sequencing, >39 genes are currently associated with SRNS, and the number is likely to increase in the near future. Monogenic FSGS is primarily resistant to steroids, and this foreknowledge obviates the need for steroids, other immunosuppressive therapy, and renal biopsy. Therefore, a multidisciplinary collaboration among cell biologists, molecular physiologists, geneticists, and clinicians holds prospects of fine-tuning the management of SRNS caused by known mutant genes. This article describes the genetics of NS/SRNS in childhood and also gives a narrative review of the challenges and opportunities for molecular testing among children with SRNS in Nigeria. For these children to benefit from genetic diagnosis, Nigeria must aspire to have and develop the manpower and infrastructure required for medical genetics and genomic medicine, leveraging on her existing experiences in genomic medicine. Concerted efforts can be put in place to increase the number of enrollees in Nigeria’s National Health Insurance Scheme (NHIS). The scope of the NHIS can be expanded to cater for the expensive bill of genetic testing within or outside the structure of the National Renal Care Policy proposed by Nigerian nephrologists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emmanuel Ademola Anigilaje
- Nephrology Unit, Department of Paediatrics, Faculty of Clinical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, University of Abuja, Abuja, Nigeria,
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Kruszka P, Porras AR, Sobering AK, Ikolo FA, La Qua S, Shotelersuk V, Chung BHY, Mok GTK, Uwineza A, Mutesa L, Moresco A, Obregon MG, Sokunbi OJ, Kalu N, Joseph DA, Ikebudu D, Ugwu CE, Okoromah CAN, Addissie YA, Pardo KL, Brough JJ, Lee NC, Girisha KM, Patil SJ, Ng ISL, Min BCW, Jamuar SS, Tibrewal S, Wallang B, Ganesh S, Sirisena ND, Dissanayake VHW, Paththinige CS, Prabodha LBL, Richieri-Costa A, Muthukumarasamy P, Thong MK, Jones KL, Abdul-Rahman OA, Ekure EN, Adeyemo AA, Summar M, Linguraru MG, Muenke M. Down syndrome in diverse populations. Am J Med Genet A 2017; 173:42-53. [PMID: 27991738 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.38043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2016] [Accepted: 10/25/2016] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Down syndrome is the most common cause of cognitive impairment and presents clinically with universally recognizable signs and symptoms. In this study, we focus on exam findings and digital facial analysis technology in individuals with Down syndrome in diverse populations. Photos and clinical information were collected on 65 individuals from 13 countries, 56.9% were male and the average age was 6.6 years (range 1 month to 26 years; SD = 6.6 years). Subjective findings showed that clinical features were different across ethnicities (Africans, Asians, and Latin Americans), including brachycephaly, ear anomalies, clinodactyly, sandal gap, and abundant neck skin, which were all significantly less frequent in Africans (P < 0.001, P < 0.001, P < 0.001, P < 0.05, and P < 0.05, respectively). Evaluation using a digital facial analysis technology of a larger diverse cohort of newborns to adults (n = 129 cases; n = 132 controls) was able to diagnose Down syndrome with a sensitivity of 0.961, specificity of 0.924, and accuracy of 0.943. Only the angles at medial canthus and ala of the nose were common significant findings amongst different ethnicities (Caucasians, Africans, and Asians) when compared to ethnically matched controls. The Asian group had the least number of significant digital facial biometrics at 4, compared to Caucasians at 8 and Africans at 7. In conclusion, this study displays the wide variety of findings across different geographic populations in Down syndrome and demonstrates the accuracy and promise of digital facial analysis technology in the diagnosis of Down syndrome internationally. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Kruszka
- Medical Genetics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, The National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Antonio R Porras
- Sheikh Zayed Institute for Pediatric Surgical Innovation, Children's National Health System, Washington DC
| | - Andrew K Sobering
- Department of Biochemistry, St. George's University, St. George's, Grenada, West Indies
| | - Felicia A Ikolo
- Department of Biochemistry, St. George's University, St. George's, Grenada, West Indies
| | - Samantha La Qua
- Department of Biochemistry, St. George's University, St. George's, Grenada, West Indies
| | - Vorasuk Shotelersuk
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Center of Excellence for Medical Genetics, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Brian H Y Chung
- Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, Hong kong, China
| | - Gary T K Mok
- Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, Hong kong, China
| | - Annette Uwineza
- Center of Human Genetics/ School of Medicine and Pharmacy, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Rwanda, Kigali, Rwanda
| | - Leon Mutesa
- Center of Human Genetics/ School of Medicine and Pharmacy, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Rwanda, Kigali, Rwanda
| | - Angélica Moresco
- Servicio de Genética Hospital de Pediatría Garrahan, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | | | - Ogochukwu Jidechukwu Sokunbi
- Department of Paediatrics College of Medicine, University of Lagos, Lagos University Teaching Hospital Idi-Araba, Lagos, Nigeria
| | - Nnenna Kalu
- Department of Paediatrics College of Medicine, University of Lagos, Lagos University Teaching Hospital Idi-Araba, Lagos, Nigeria
| | - Daniel Akinsanya Joseph
- Department of Paediatrics College of Medicine, University of Lagos, Lagos University Teaching Hospital Idi-Araba, Lagos, Nigeria
| | - Desmond Ikebudu
- Department of Paediatrics College of Medicine, University of Lagos, Lagos University Teaching Hospital Idi-Araba, Lagos, Nigeria
| | - Christopher Emeka Ugwu
- Department of Paediatrics College of Medicine, University of Lagos, Lagos University Teaching Hospital Idi-Araba, Lagos, Nigeria
| | - Christy A N Okoromah
- Department of Paediatrics College of Medicine, University of Lagos, Lagos University Teaching Hospital Idi-Araba, Lagos, Nigeria
| | - Yonit A Addissie
- Medical Genetics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, The National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Katherine L Pardo
- Medical Genetics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, The National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - J Joseph Brough
- Medical Genetics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, The National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Ni-Chung Lee
- Department of Pediatrics and Medical Genetics, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taiwan
| | - Katta M Girisha
- Department of Medical Genetics, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal University, Manipal, India
| | | | - Ivy S L Ng
- Department of Paediatrics, KK Women's and Children's Hospital, Singapore
| | | | - Saumya S Jamuar
- Department of Paediatrics, KK Women's and Children's Hospital, Singapore
| | | | | | - Suma Ganesh
- Dr. Shroff Charity Eye Hospital, New Delhi, India
| | - Nirmala D Sirisena
- Faculty of Medicine, Human Genetics Unit, University of Colombo, Sri Lanka
| | | | | | | | | | - Premala Muthukumarasamy
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Paediatrics, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Meow-Keong Thong
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Paediatrics, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Kelly L Jones
- Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi
| | - Omar A Abdul-Rahman
- Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi
| | - Ekanem Nsikak Ekure
- Department of Paediatrics College of Medicine, University of Lagos, Lagos University Teaching Hospital Idi-Araba, Lagos, Nigeria
| | - Adebowale A Adeyemo
- Center for Research on Genomics and Global Health, National Human Genome Research Institute, The National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Marshall Summar
- Division of Genetics and Metabolism, Children's National Health System, Washington DC
| | - Marius George Linguraru
- Sheikh Zayed Institute for Pediatric Surgical Innovation, Children's National Health System, Washington DC
| | - Maximilian Muenke
- Medical Genetics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, The National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
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Meyerson MD, Weddington GT. Syndromes, communicative disorders, and black children. J Natl Med Assoc 1986; 78:409-19. [PMID: 3712479 PMCID: PMC2571357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Birth defects increase the risk of speech, language, and hearing disorders in childhood. The prevalence of particular congenital anomalies varies from one racial and ethnic group to another. Some conditions such as the hemoglobinopathies, polydactyly, and external ear malformations are more common among black people. Other birth defects are rarer among black children, notably cleft lip and palate, neural tube defects, and phenylketonuria. The more common defects of Down's syndrome, neurofibromatosis, and cerebral palsy appear to occur in equal frequency in black and white Americans.Speech-language pathologists, audiologists, and other health professionals who work with black children with birth defects must be familiar with the special problems and the positive features reflected in this population. Difficulties in obtaining adequate medical care, poor health and nutrition, and inadequate financial support are problems plaguing the poor. However, the shared responsibility assumed by the church, the community, and the extended family often results in positive acceptance of the handicapped child. Many families rely on folk medicine whose remedies can often be combined with traditional therapies for the ultimate benefit of the patient.Health professionals must assume a managerial role to ensure that services reach the child with syndrome-related speech, language, and hearing problems.
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