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Association between Genetic Polymorphisms in Superoxide Dismutase Gene Family and Risk of Gastric Cancer. Pathol Oncol Res 2018; 26:335-339. [PMID: 30242560 DOI: 10.1007/s12253-018-0470-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2018] [Accepted: 09/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
To determine the association between the SOD1 (Ins/Del), SOD2 (rs2758339, rs5746136), and SOD3 (rs2536512) polymorphisms and the risk of gastric cancer the present study performed. This is a case-control study, including 159 patients with gastric cancer and 242 healthy controls. All subjects were Persian Muslims living in Shiraz (south west Iran). Frequency matching by age and gender was performed. Genomic DNA was extracted from whole blood. Genotypes of the study polymorphism were determined using polymerase chain reaction based methods. The SOD1 Ins/Del and SOD3 rs2536512 polymorphisms did not appear to have relationship with gastric cancer risk. Both SOD2 polymorphisms (rs2758339, rs5746136) showed significant association with the risk of gastric cancer, under assumption that the variant alleles act as dominant alleles. There was significant association between smoking habit and the risk of gastric cancer (OR = 2.54, 95% CI = 1.61-4.02, P < 0.001). Smoker individuals having two putative high-risk genotypes showed elevated risk of gastric cancer compared with nonsmokers without high-risk genotypes, (OR = 5.75, 95% CI = 1.59-20.6, P = 0.007). Assuming that smoking habit and the genotypes are independent risk factors, there was a significant linear trend for the numbers of risk factors and gastric cancer risk (χ2 = 22.9, P < 0.001). This study indicates that the SOD2 polymorphism (rs2758339, rs5746136) is associated with increased risk of gastric cancer, especially in smoker individuals.
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Sugimura H. Susceptibility to human cancer: From the perspective of a pathologist. Pathol Int 2016; 66:359-68. [PMID: 27216305 DOI: 10.1111/pin.12418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2015] [Revised: 03/10/2016] [Accepted: 04/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The etiologies of human cancer can only be discerned when the genetic clustering of cancer occurs within a family or when cancer occurs endemically in a particular environment. The possible approaches to solving the nature/nurture problem, especially for human carcinogenesis, posit a fascinating challenge for pathologists. This perspective review presents some examples of how clues to human cancer etiologies and/or susceptibilities reside in the realm of pathology practice. These examples using various omics techniques including adductomics, which I would like to highlight in this article, show that the currently available concepts and methods in human pathology can open a path toward the brave new world of a post-genomic era of medicine for young pathologists, whether their original intention was toward the pursuit of diagnostic or investigative knowledge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haruhiko Sugimura
- Department of Tumor Pathology, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Higashi-ku, Hamamatsu, Japan
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Uppal DS, Powell SM. Genetics/genomics/proteomics of gastric adenocarcinoma. Gastroenterol Clin North Am 2013; 42:241-60. [PMID: 23639639 DOI: 10.1016/j.gtc.2013.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Hereditary diffuse gastric cancer can be caused by epithelial cadherin mutations for which genetic testing is available. Inherited cancer predisposition syndromes including Lynch, Li-Fraumeni, and Peutz-Jeghers syndromes, can be associated with gastric cancer. Chromosomal and microsatellite instability occur in gastric cancers. Several consistent genetic and molecular alterations including chromosomal instability, microsatellite instability, and epigenetic alterations have been identified in gastric cancers. Biomarkers and molecular profiles are being discovered with potential for diagnostic, prognostic, and treatment guidance implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dushant S Uppal
- Division of Gastroenterology/Hepatology, Department of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908-0708, USA
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Nagini S. Carcinoma of the stomach: A review of epidemiology, pathogenesis, molecular genetics and chemoprevention. World J Gastrointest Oncol 2012; 4:156-69. [PMID: 22844547 PMCID: PMC3406280 DOI: 10.4251/wjgo.v4.i7.156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 311] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2011] [Revised: 06/04/2012] [Accepted: 06/12/2012] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Carcinoma of the stomach is still the second most common cause of cancer death worldwide, although the incidence and mortality have fallen dramatically over the last 50 years in many regions. The incidence of gastric cancer varies in different parts of the world and among various ethnic groups. Despite advances in diagnosis and treatment, the 5-year survival rate of stomach cancer is only 20 per cent. Stomach cancer can be classified into intestinal and diffuse types based on epidemiological and clinicopathological features. The etiology of gastric cancer is multifactorial and includes both dietary and nondietary factors. The major diet-related risk factors implicated in stomach cancer development include high content of nitrates and high salt intake. Accumulating evidence has implicated the role of Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection in the pathogenesis of gastric cancer. The development of gastric cancer is a complex, multistep process involving multiple genetic and epigenetic alterations of oncogenes, tumor suppressor genes, DNA repair genes, cell cycle regulators, and signaling molecules. A plausible program for gastric cancer prevention involves intake of a balanced diet containing fruits and vegetables, improved sanitation and hygiene, screening and treatment of H. pylori infection, and follow-up of precancerous lesions. The fact that diet plays an important role in the etiology of gastric cancer offers scope for nutritional chemoprevention. Animal models have been extensively used to analyze the stepwise evolution of gastric carcinogenesis and to test dietary chemopreventive agents. Development of multitargeted preventive and therapeutic strategies for gastric cancer is a major challenge for the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siddavaram Nagini
- Siddavaram Nagini, Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Annamalai University, Annamalainagar-608 002, Tamil Nadu, India
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Park JH, Park J, Choi JK, Lyu J, Bae MG, Lee YG, Bae JB, Park DY, Yang HK, Kim TY, Kim YJ. Identification of DNA methylation changes associated with human gastric cancer. BMC Med Genomics 2011; 4:82. [PMID: 22133303 PMCID: PMC3273443 DOI: 10.1186/1755-8794-4-82] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2011] [Accepted: 12/02/2011] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Epigenetic alteration of gene expression is a common event in human cancer. DNA methylation is a well-known epigenetic process, but verifying the exact nature of epigenetic changes associated with cancer remains difficult. METHODS We profiled the methylome of human gastric cancer tissue at 50-bp resolution using a methylated DNA enrichment technique (methylated CpG island recovery assay) in combination with a genome analyzer and a new normalization algorithm. RESULTS We were able to gain a comprehensive view of promoters with various CpG densities, including CpG Islands (CGIs), transcript bodies, and various repeat classes. We found that gastric cancer was associated with hypermethylation of 5' CGIs and the 5'-end of coding exons as well as hypomethylation of repeat elements, such as short interspersed nuclear elements and the composite element SVA. Hypermethylation of 5' CGIs was significantly correlated with downregulation of associated genes, such as those in the HOX and histone gene families. We also discovered long-range epigenetic silencing (LRES) regions in gastric cancer tissue and identified several hypermethylated genes (MDM2, DYRK2, and LYZ) within these regions. The methylation status of CGIs and gene annotation elements in metastatic lymph nodes was intermediate between normal and cancerous tissue, indicating that methylation of specific genes is gradually increased in cancerous tissue. CONCLUSIONS Our findings will provide valuable data for future analysis of CpG methylation patterns, useful markers for the diagnosis of stomach cancer, as well as a new analysis method for clinical epigenomics investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jung-Hoon Park
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Life Science and Technology, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea
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[Single nucleotide polymorphisms and helicobacter pylori-related gastric cancer]. YI CHUAN = HEREDITAS 2011; 33:109-16. [PMID: 21377966 DOI: 10.3724/sp.j.1005.2011.00109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Helicobacter pylori-related gastric cancer is a special-type gastric cancer determined by genetic, environmental, and life style factors. A series of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of susceptibility genes, including inflammation-related genes, gastric acid inhibition-related genes, and immune response-related genes, could be specifically involved in the development of Helicobacter pylori-related gastric cancer that consists of three major stages: Helicobacter pylori infection, gastric atrophy development, and carcinogenesis. The aim of the present paper was to review and evaluate the most recently published evidence on the contribution of SNPs to the carcinogenesis of Helicobacter pylori-related gastric cancer in humans.
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Yamagata N, Furuno K, Sonoda M, Sugimura H, Yamamoto K. Stomach cancer-derived del223V-226L mutation of the STCH gene causes loss of sensitization to TRAIL-mediated apoptosis. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2008; 376:499-503. [PMID: 18793616 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2008.09.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2008] [Accepted: 09/04/2008] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
The stress 70 protein chaperone (STCH), a member of the heat shock protein 70 (HSP70) superfamily, is a microsomal protein that contains a N-terminal ATPase domain but lacks a C-terminal protein binding domain. Although cell-protective functions of HSP70 members are well characterized, the biological relevance of STCH remains unclear. We previously identified STCH as a candidate gene for susceptibility to stomach cancer by genetic analyses. In this study, we searched somatic mutations of STCH in human stomach cancer and identified the 668del12bp mutation in exon 4, resulting in a four amino acid deletion (del223V-226L) in the conserved ATP-binding domain. In vitro binding assays revealed that this mutant lacks ATP-binding activity. Overexpression of wild-type STCH sensitized cells to tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL)-induced cell death, whereas del223V-226L mutant did not show any effect. These results suggest that STCH has a role in cell survival via modulation of the TRAIL-mediated cell death pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nobushige Yamagata
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Medical Institute of Bioregulation, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
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Boccia S, Gianfagna F, Persiani R, La Greca A, Arzani D, Rausei S, D'ugo D, Magistrelli P, Villari P, Van Duijn CM, Ricciardi G. Methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase C677T and A1298C polymorphisms and susceptibility to gastric adenocarcinoma in an Italian population. Biomarkers 2007; 12:635-44. [PMID: 17972183 DOI: 10.1080/13547500701546766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) plays a central role in the metabolism of folate, which provides a methyl donor for DNA methylation and deoxynucleoside synthesis. We performed a case-control study to explore the relationship between two common MTHFR polymorphisms (C677T and A1298C), their combination and interaction with environmental exposures, on gastric adenocarcinoma susceptibility and progression in an Italian population. One hundred and two cases and 254 hospital controls, matched by age and gender, were enrolled. Individuals carrying the MTHFR 677T allele showed an increased risk of gastric cancer (odds ratio (OR) 1.62, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.98-2.67), particularly among ever smokers (OR 2.10, 95% CI 1.07-5.33) and, among 677 TT individuals, those with a low intake of fruit and vegetables (OR 2.18, 95% CI 1.05-4.54). The strongest effect, however, was noted for the MTHFR 677 TT genotype among the diffuse gastric cancer histotype (OR 2.92, 95% CI 1.12-7.60). No association was detected for the effect of MTHFR A1298C polymorphism. Survival analysis did not show any association between each polymorphism on the overall survival, although when the analysis was restricted to the first year of follow-up after the surgical intervention an improved survival was noted among MTHFR 677 CC subjects compared with the T allele carriers (p value for log-rank test 0.02). In conclusion, MTHFR 677 (any T genotype) appears to modulate an individual's susceptibility to gastric cancer, particularly when combined with cigarette smoking and among those with a low intake of fruit and vegetables. Our results also suggest that an aberrant DNA methylation pattern, through impaired folate metabolism, might play a key role in gastric carcinogenesis. A possible survival effect of the MTHFR C677T genotype in gastric cancer patients deserves further investigations with larger sample sizes.
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Boccia S, Sayed-Tabatabaei FA, Persiani R, Gianfagna F, Rausei S, Arzani D, La Greca A, D'Ugo D, La Torre G, van Duijn CM, Ricciardi G. Polymorphisms in metabolic genes, their combination and interaction with tobacco smoke and alcohol consumption and risk of gastric cancer: a case-control study in an Italian population. BMC Cancer 2007; 7:206. [PMID: 17996038 PMCID: PMC2194718 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2407-7-206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2007] [Accepted: 11/08/2007] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The distribution and the potential gene-gene and gene-environment interaction of selected metabolic genetic polymorphisms was investigated in relation to gastric cancer risk in an Italian population. METHODS One hundred and seven cases and 254 hospital controls, matched by age and gender, were genotyped for CYP1A1, CYP2E1, mEH, GSTM1, GSTT1, NAT2 and SULT1A1 polymorphisms. Haplotype analysis was performed for EPHX1 exons 3 and 4, as well as CYP2E1 RsaI (*5 alleles) and CYP2E1 DraI (*5A or *6 alleles). The effect modification by alcohol and cigarette smoking was tested with the heterogeneity test, while the attributable proportion (AP) was used to measure the biological interaction from the gene-gene interaction analysis. RESULTS Gastric cancer risk was found to be associated with the inheritance of GSTT1 null genotype (OR = 2.10, 95%CI: 1.27-3.44) and the SULT1A1 His/His genotype (OR = 2.46, 95%CI: 1.03-5.90). No differences were observed for the haplotype distributions among cases and controls. For the first time an increased risk was detected among individuals carrying the *6 variant allele of CYP2E1 if ever-drinkers (OR = 3.70; 95%CI: 1.45-9.37) with respect to never-drinkers (OR = 0.18; 95% CI: 0.22-1.46) (p value of heterogeneity among the two estimates = 0.001). Similarly, the effect of SULT1A1 variant genotype resulted restricted to ever-smokers, with an OR of 2.58 (95%CI: 1.27-5.25) for the carriers of His allele among smokers, and an OR of 0.86 (95%CI: 0.45-1.64) among never-smokers (p value of heterogeneity among the two estimates = 0.03). The gene-gene interaction analyses demonstrated that individuals with combined GSTT1 null and NAT2 slow acetylators had an additional increased risk of gastric cancer, with an OR of 3.00 (95%CI: 1.52-5.93) and an AP of 52%. CONCLUSION GSTT1, SULT1A1 and NAT2 polymorphisms appear to modulate individual's susceptibility to gastric cancer in this Italian population, particularly when more than one unfavourable genotype is present, or when combined with cigarette smoke. The increased risk for the carriers of CYP2E1*5A or *6 alleles among drinkers need to be confirmed by larger prospective studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefania Boccia
- Genetic Epidemiology and Molecular Biology Unit, Institute of Hygiene, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Roberto Persiani
- Department of Surgery, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Francesco Gianfagna
- Genetic Epidemiology and Molecular Biology Unit, Institute of Hygiene, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Stefano Rausei
- Department of Surgery, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Dario Arzani
- Genetic Epidemiology and Molecular Biology Unit, Institute of Hygiene, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Antonio La Greca
- Department of Surgery, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Domenico D'Ugo
- Department of Surgery, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Giuseppe La Torre
- Genetic Epidemiology and Molecular Biology Unit, Institute of Hygiene, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Cornelia M van Duijn
- Department of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Gualtiero Ricciardi
- Genetic Epidemiology and Molecular Biology Unit, Institute of Hygiene, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
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Aoki M, Yamamoto K, Ohyama S, Yamamura Y, Takenoshita S, Sugano K, Minamoto T, Kitajima M, Sugimura H, Shimada S, Noshiro H, Hiratsuka M, Sairenji M, Ninomiya I, Yano M, Uesaka K, Matsuno S, Maehara Y, Aikou T, Sasazuki T. A genetic variant in the gene encoding the stress70 protein chaperone family member STCH is associated with gastric cancer in the Japanese population. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2005; 335:566-74. [PMID: 16087163 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2005.07.110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2005] [Accepted: 07/21/2005] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Association analysis, based on linkage disequilibrium between specific alleles in the candidate loci and nearby genetic markers, has been proposed to identify genes conferring susceptibility to multifactorial diseases. Using the affected sib-pair method, we previously mapped four candidate chromosomal regions, 1p32, 2q33-q35, 11p13-p14, and 21q21, for gastric cancer by linkage analysis. To identify genes involved in the disease, we performed a gene-based association analysis of 66 genes, located on 21p11-21q22, using 126 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) as genetic markers in 373 patients with 250 controls. We found a significant association of five SNPs in the stress70 protein chaperon family member STCH gene with gastric cancer, especially with the non-cardia localization subgroup (P=0.0005-0.02, odds ratio=1.44-1.72). Comparisons of haplotype frequency showed significant association between TTGGC haplotype and gastric cancer (P=0.0001, odds ratio=1.59). These results suggest that, in the Japanese population, STCH might be a new candidate for conferring susceptibility to this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masayuki Aoki
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Medical Institute of Bioregulation, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
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Current Awareness on Comparative and Functional Genomics. Comp Funct Genomics 2005. [PMCID: PMC2447509 DOI: 10.1002/cfg.490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
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