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Corcia P, Lejeune P, Vourc'h P, Beltran S, Piegay AS, Blasco H, Meininger V. Comparison between PFN1 and SOD1 mutations in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Eur J Neurol 2023; 30:552-554. [PMID: 36176198 DOI: 10.1111/ene.15583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2022] [Revised: 09/06/2022] [Accepted: 09/08/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The objective of this study was to characterize the prototypical phenotype of patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) associated with PFN1 mutations in profilin 1 (PFN1) and to determine clinical indications to test for mutations in this gene. MATERIAL AND METHODS The phenotype of three relatives carrying the M114V PFN1 mutation are detailed here and are compared with those of patients with ALS linked to PFN1 previously reported in the literature. RESULTS In this pedigree and in the literature, the main clinical findings which best describe familial ALS linked to PFN1 might be the following characteristics: pedigrees over five cases, age of onset around 50 years, site of onset systematically lower limbs and the absence of cognitive impairment. CONCLUSION First, the infrequent incidence of patients with ALS linked to PFN1 mutation supports the pursuit of a precise characterization of the phenotype linked to PFN1 mutations. Then, the numerous similarities between the phenotype amongst patients linked to SOD1 and PFN1 mutations and between histological features amongst both mice models prompts a review of the current ALS classifications, taking into consideration both phenotype and genotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philippe Corcia
- CRMR SLA, CHU Bretonneau, Tours, France
- UMR 1253 iBrain, Inserm, Université de Tours, Tours, France
| | | | - Patrick Vourc'h
- UMR 1253 iBrain, Inserm, Université de Tours, Tours, France
- Service de Biochimie et Biologie moléculaire, Tours, France
| | | | | | - Helene Blasco
- UMR 1253 iBrain, Inserm, Université de Tours, Tours, France
- Service de Biochimie et Biologie moléculaire, Tours, France
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The Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis M114T PFN1 Mutation Deregulates Alternative Autophagy Pathways and Mitochondrial Homeostasis. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23105694. [PMID: 35628504 PMCID: PMC9143529 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23105694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Revised: 05/13/2022] [Accepted: 05/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Mutations in profilin 1 (PFN1) have been identified in rare familial cases of Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS). PFN1 is involved in multiple pathways that could intervene in ALS pathology. However, the specific pathogenic role of PFN1 mutations in ALS is still not fully understood. We hypothesized that PFN1 could play a role in regulating autophagy pathways and that PFN1 mutations could disrupt this function. We used patient cells (lymphoblasts) or tissue (post-mortem) carrying PFN1 mutations (M114T and E117G), and designed experimental models expressing wild-type or mutant PFN1 (cell lines and novel PFN1 mice established by lentiviral transgenesis) to study the effects of PFN1 mutations on autophagic pathway markers. We observed no accumulation of PFN1 in the spinal cord of one E117G mutation carrier. Moreover, in patient lymphoblasts and transfected cell lines, the M114T mutant PFN1 protein was unstable and deregulated the RAB9-mediated alternative autophagy pathway involved in the clearance of damaged mitochondria. In vivo, motor neurons expressing M114T mutant PFN1 showed mitochondrial abnormalities. Our results demonstrate that the M114T PFN1 mutation is more deleterious than the E117G variant in patient cells and experimental models and suggest a role for the RAB9-dependent autophagic pathway in ALS.
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Murk K, Ornaghi M, Schiweck J. Profilin Isoforms in Health and Disease - All the Same but Different. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:681122. [PMID: 34458253 PMCID: PMC8387879 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.681122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2021] [Accepted: 07/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Profilins are small actin binding proteins, which are structurally conserved throughout evolution. They are probably best known to promote and direct actin polymerization. However, they also participate in numerous cell biological processes beyond the roles typically ascribed to the actin cytoskeleton. Moreover, most complex organisms express several profilin isoforms. Their cellular functions are far from being understood, whereas a growing number of publications indicate that profilin isoforms are involved in the pathogenesis of various diseases. In this review, we will provide an overview of the profilin family and "typical" profilin properties including the control of actin dynamics. We will then discuss the profilin isoforms of higher animals in detail. In terms of cellular functions, we will focus on the role of Profilin 1 (PFN1) and Profilin 2a (PFN2a), which are co-expressed in the central nervous system. Finally, we will discuss recent findings that link PFN1 and PFN2a to neurological diseases, such as amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), Fragile X syndrome (FXS), Huntington's disease and spinal muscular atrophy (SMA).
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Murk
- Institute of Biochemistry, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Marta Ornaghi
- Institute of Biochemistry, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Juliane Schiweck
- Institute of Biochemistry, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
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4
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Wadman RI, Jansen MD, Curial CAD, Groen EJN, Stam M, Wijngaarde CA, Medic J, Sodaar P, van Eijk KR, Huibers MMH, van Kuik J, Lemmink HH, van Rheenen W, Veldink JH, van den Berg LH, van der Pol WL. Analysis of FUS, PFN2, TDP-43, and PLS3 as potential disease severity modifiers in spinal muscular atrophy. NEUROLOGY-GENETICS 2019; 6:e386. [PMID: 32042914 PMCID: PMC6975178 DOI: 10.1212/nxg.0000000000000386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2019] [Accepted: 11/04/2019] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Objective To investigate mutations in genes that are potential modifiers of spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) severity. Methods We performed a hypothesis-based search into the presence of variants in fused in sarcoma (FUS), transactive response DNA-binding protein 43 (TDP-43), plastin 3 (PLS3), and profilin 2 (PFN2) in a cohort of 153 patients with SMA types 1–4, including 19 families. Variants were detected with targeted next-generation sequencing and confirmed with Sanger sequencing. Functional effects of the identified variants were analyzed in silico and for PLS3, by analyzing expression levels in peripheral blood. Results We identified 2 exonic variants in FUS exons 5 and 6 (p.R216C and p.S135N) in 2 unrelated patients, but clinical effects were not evident. We identified 8 intronic variants in PLS3 in 33 patients. Five PLS3 variants (c.1511+82T>C; c.748+130 G>A; c.367+182C>T; c.891-25T>C (rs145269469); c.1355+17A>G (rs150802596)) potentially alter exonic splice silencer or exonic splice enhancer sites. The variant c.367+182C>T, but not RNA expression levels, corresponded with a more severe phenotype in 1 family. However, this variant or level of PLS3 expression did not consistently correspond with a milder or more severe phenotype in other families or the overall cohort. We found 3 heterozygous, intronic variants in PFN2 and TDP-43 with no correlation with clinical phenotype or effects on splicing. Conclusions PLS3 and FUS sequence variants do not modify SMA severity at the population level. Specific variants in individual patients or families do not consistently correlate with disease severity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renske I Wadman
- Department of Neurology (R.I.W., M.D.J., C.A.D.C., E.J.N.G., M.S., C.A.W., J.M., P.S., K.R.E., W.R., J.H.V., L.H.B., W.L.P.), Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, University Medical Center Utrecht; Department of Pathology (M.M.H.H., J.K.), University Medical Center Utrecht; Department of Genetics (M.M.H.H.), University Medical Center Utrecht; and Department of Genetics (H.H.L.), University Medical Center Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Marc D Jansen
- Department of Neurology (R.I.W., M.D.J., C.A.D.C., E.J.N.G., M.S., C.A.W., J.M., P.S., K.R.E., W.R., J.H.V., L.H.B., W.L.P.), Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, University Medical Center Utrecht; Department of Pathology (M.M.H.H., J.K.), University Medical Center Utrecht; Department of Genetics (M.M.H.H.), University Medical Center Utrecht; and Department of Genetics (H.H.L.), University Medical Center Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Chantall A D Curial
- Department of Neurology (R.I.W., M.D.J., C.A.D.C., E.J.N.G., M.S., C.A.W., J.M., P.S., K.R.E., W.R., J.H.V., L.H.B., W.L.P.), Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, University Medical Center Utrecht; Department of Pathology (M.M.H.H., J.K.), University Medical Center Utrecht; Department of Genetics (M.M.H.H.), University Medical Center Utrecht; and Department of Genetics (H.H.L.), University Medical Center Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Ewout J N Groen
- Department of Neurology (R.I.W., M.D.J., C.A.D.C., E.J.N.G., M.S., C.A.W., J.M., P.S., K.R.E., W.R., J.H.V., L.H.B., W.L.P.), Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, University Medical Center Utrecht; Department of Pathology (M.M.H.H., J.K.), University Medical Center Utrecht; Department of Genetics (M.M.H.H.), University Medical Center Utrecht; and Department of Genetics (H.H.L.), University Medical Center Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Marloes Stam
- Department of Neurology (R.I.W., M.D.J., C.A.D.C., E.J.N.G., M.S., C.A.W., J.M., P.S., K.R.E., W.R., J.H.V., L.H.B., W.L.P.), Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, University Medical Center Utrecht; Department of Pathology (M.M.H.H., J.K.), University Medical Center Utrecht; Department of Genetics (M.M.H.H.), University Medical Center Utrecht; and Department of Genetics (H.H.L.), University Medical Center Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Camiel A Wijngaarde
- Department of Neurology (R.I.W., M.D.J., C.A.D.C., E.J.N.G., M.S., C.A.W., J.M., P.S., K.R.E., W.R., J.H.V., L.H.B., W.L.P.), Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, University Medical Center Utrecht; Department of Pathology (M.M.H.H., J.K.), University Medical Center Utrecht; Department of Genetics (M.M.H.H.), University Medical Center Utrecht; and Department of Genetics (H.H.L.), University Medical Center Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Jelena Medic
- Department of Neurology (R.I.W., M.D.J., C.A.D.C., E.J.N.G., M.S., C.A.W., J.M., P.S., K.R.E., W.R., J.H.V., L.H.B., W.L.P.), Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, University Medical Center Utrecht; Department of Pathology (M.M.H.H., J.K.), University Medical Center Utrecht; Department of Genetics (M.M.H.H.), University Medical Center Utrecht; and Department of Genetics (H.H.L.), University Medical Center Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Peter Sodaar
- Department of Neurology (R.I.W., M.D.J., C.A.D.C., E.J.N.G., M.S., C.A.W., J.M., P.S., K.R.E., W.R., J.H.V., L.H.B., W.L.P.), Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, University Medical Center Utrecht; Department of Pathology (M.M.H.H., J.K.), University Medical Center Utrecht; Department of Genetics (M.M.H.H.), University Medical Center Utrecht; and Department of Genetics (H.H.L.), University Medical Center Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Kristel R van Eijk
- Department of Neurology (R.I.W., M.D.J., C.A.D.C., E.J.N.G., M.S., C.A.W., J.M., P.S., K.R.E., W.R., J.H.V., L.H.B., W.L.P.), Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, University Medical Center Utrecht; Department of Pathology (M.M.H.H., J.K.), University Medical Center Utrecht; Department of Genetics (M.M.H.H.), University Medical Center Utrecht; and Department of Genetics (H.H.L.), University Medical Center Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Manon M H Huibers
- Department of Neurology (R.I.W., M.D.J., C.A.D.C., E.J.N.G., M.S., C.A.W., J.M., P.S., K.R.E., W.R., J.H.V., L.H.B., W.L.P.), Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, University Medical Center Utrecht; Department of Pathology (M.M.H.H., J.K.), University Medical Center Utrecht; Department of Genetics (M.M.H.H.), University Medical Center Utrecht; and Department of Genetics (H.H.L.), University Medical Center Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Joyce van Kuik
- Department of Neurology (R.I.W., M.D.J., C.A.D.C., E.J.N.G., M.S., C.A.W., J.M., P.S., K.R.E., W.R., J.H.V., L.H.B., W.L.P.), Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, University Medical Center Utrecht; Department of Pathology (M.M.H.H., J.K.), University Medical Center Utrecht; Department of Genetics (M.M.H.H.), University Medical Center Utrecht; and Department of Genetics (H.H.L.), University Medical Center Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Henny H Lemmink
- Department of Neurology (R.I.W., M.D.J., C.A.D.C., E.J.N.G., M.S., C.A.W., J.M., P.S., K.R.E., W.R., J.H.V., L.H.B., W.L.P.), Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, University Medical Center Utrecht; Department of Pathology (M.M.H.H., J.K.), University Medical Center Utrecht; Department of Genetics (M.M.H.H.), University Medical Center Utrecht; and Department of Genetics (H.H.L.), University Medical Center Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Wouter van Rheenen
- Department of Neurology (R.I.W., M.D.J., C.A.D.C., E.J.N.G., M.S., C.A.W., J.M., P.S., K.R.E., W.R., J.H.V., L.H.B., W.L.P.), Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, University Medical Center Utrecht; Department of Pathology (M.M.H.H., J.K.), University Medical Center Utrecht; Department of Genetics (M.M.H.H.), University Medical Center Utrecht; and Department of Genetics (H.H.L.), University Medical Center Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Jan Herman Veldink
- Department of Neurology (R.I.W., M.D.J., C.A.D.C., E.J.N.G., M.S., C.A.W., J.M., P.S., K.R.E., W.R., J.H.V., L.H.B., W.L.P.), Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, University Medical Center Utrecht; Department of Pathology (M.M.H.H., J.K.), University Medical Center Utrecht; Department of Genetics (M.M.H.H.), University Medical Center Utrecht; and Department of Genetics (H.H.L.), University Medical Center Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Leonard H van den Berg
- Department of Neurology (R.I.W., M.D.J., C.A.D.C., E.J.N.G., M.S., C.A.W., J.M., P.S., K.R.E., W.R., J.H.V., L.H.B., W.L.P.), Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, University Medical Center Utrecht; Department of Pathology (M.M.H.H., J.K.), University Medical Center Utrecht; Department of Genetics (M.M.H.H.), University Medical Center Utrecht; and Department of Genetics (H.H.L.), University Medical Center Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - W Ludo van der Pol
- Department of Neurology (R.I.W., M.D.J., C.A.D.C., E.J.N.G., M.S., C.A.W., J.M., P.S., K.R.E., W.R., J.H.V., L.H.B., W.L.P.), Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, University Medical Center Utrecht; Department of Pathology (M.M.H.H., J.K.), University Medical Center Utrecht; Department of Genetics (M.M.H.H.), University Medical Center Utrecht; and Department of Genetics (H.H.L.), University Medical Center Groningen, The Netherlands
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Shahheydari H, Ragagnin A, Walker AK, Toth RP, Vidal M, Jagaraj CJ, Perri ER, Konopka A, Sultana JM, Atkin JD. Protein Quality Control and the Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis/Frontotemporal Dementia Continuum. Front Mol Neurosci 2017; 10:119. [PMID: 28539871 PMCID: PMC5423993 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2017.00119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2017] [Accepted: 04/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Protein homeostasis, or proteostasis, has an important regulatory role in cellular function. Protein quality control mechanisms, including protein folding and protein degradation processes, have a crucial function in post-mitotic neurons. Cellular protein quality control relies on multiple strategies, including molecular chaperones, autophagy, the ubiquitin proteasome system, endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-associated degradation (ERAD) and the formation of stress granules (SGs), to regulate proteostasis. Neurodegenerative diseases are characterized by the presence of misfolded protein aggregates, implying that protein quality control mechanisms are dysfunctional in these conditions. Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and frontotemporal dementia (FTD) are neurodegenerative diseases that are now recognized to overlap clinically and pathologically, forming a continuous disease spectrum. In this review article, we detail the evidence for dysregulation of protein quality control mechanisms across the whole ALS-FTD continuum, by discussing the major proteins implicated in ALS and/or FTD. We also discuss possible ways in which protein quality mechanisms could be targeted therapeutically in these disorders and highlight promising protein quality control-based therapeutics for clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamideh Shahheydari
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Macquarie UniversitySydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Audrey Ragagnin
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Macquarie UniversitySydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Adam K Walker
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Macquarie UniversitySydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Reka P Toth
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Macquarie UniversitySydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Marta Vidal
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Macquarie UniversitySydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Cyril J Jagaraj
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Macquarie UniversitySydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Emma R Perri
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Macquarie UniversitySydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Anna Konopka
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Macquarie UniversitySydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Jessica M Sultana
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Macquarie UniversitySydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Julie D Atkin
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Macquarie UniversitySydney, NSW, Australia.,Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe UniversityMelbourne, VIC, Australia
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Hensel N, Claus P. The Actin Cytoskeleton in SMA and ALS: How Does It Contribute to Motoneuron Degeneration? Neuroscientist 2017; 24:54-72. [PMID: 28459188 DOI: 10.1177/1073858417705059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) are neurodegenerative diseases with overlapping clinical phenotypes based on impaired motoneuron function. However, the pathomechanisms of both diseases are largely unknown, and it is still unclear whether they converge on the molecular level. SMA is a monogenic disease caused by low levels of functional Survival of Motoneuron (SMN) protein, whereas ALS involves multiple genes as well as environmental factors. Recent evidence argues for involvement of actin regulation as a causative and dysregulated process in both diseases. ALS-causing mutations in the actin-binding protein profilin-1 as well as the ability of the SMN protein to directly bind to profilins argue in favor of a common molecular mechanism involving the actin cytoskeleton. Profilins are major regulat ors of actin-dynamics being involved in multiple neuronal motility and transport processes as well as modulation of synaptic functions that are impaired in models of both motoneuron diseases. In this article, we review the current literature in SMA and ALS research with a focus on the actin cytoskeleton. We propose a common molecular mechanism that explains the degeneration of motoneurons for SMA and some cases of ALS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niko Hensel
- 1 Institute of Neuroanatomy and Cell Biology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany.,2 Niedersachsen Network on Neuroinfectiology (N-RENNT), Hannover, Germany
| | - Peter Claus
- 1 Institute of Neuroanatomy and Cell Biology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany.,2 Niedersachsen Network on Neuroinfectiology (N-RENNT), Hannover, Germany.,3 Center for Systems Neuroscience (ZSN), Hannover, Germany
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7
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Matsukawa K, Hashimoto T, Matsumoto T, Ihara R, Chihara T, Miura M, Wakabayashi T, Iwatsubo T. Familial Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis-linked Mutations in Profilin 1 Exacerbate TDP-43-induced Degeneration in the Retina of Drosophila melanogaster through an Increase in the Cytoplasmic Localization of TDP-43. J Biol Chem 2016; 291:23464-23476. [PMID: 27634045 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m116.729152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a fatal neurodegenerative disease characterized by progressive and selective loss of motor neurons. Causative genes for familial ALS (fALS), e.g. TARDBP or FUS/TLS, have been found, among which mutations within the profilin 1 (PFN1) gene have recently been identified in ALS18. To elucidate the mechanism whereby PFN1 mutations lead to neuronal death, we generated transgenic Drosophila melanogaster overexpressing human PFN1 in the retinal photoreceptor neurons. Overexpression of wild-type or fALS mutant PFN1 caused no degenerative phenotypes in the retina. Double overexpression of fALS mutant PFN1 and human TDP-43 markedly exacerbated the TDP-43-induced retinal degeneration, i.e. vacuolation and thinning of the retina, whereas co-expression of wild-type PFN1 did not aggravate the degenerative phenotype. Notably, co-expression of TDP-43 with fALS mutant PFN1 increased the cytoplasmic localization of TDP-43, the latter remaining in nuclei upon co-expression with wild-type PFN1, whereas co-expression of TDP-43 lacking the nuclear localization signal with the fALS mutant PFN1 did not aggravate the retinal degeneration. Knockdown of endogenous Drosophila PFN1 did not alter the degenerative phenotypes of the retina in flies overexpressing wild-type TDP-43 These data suggest that ALS-linked PFN1 mutations exacerbate TDP-43-induced neurodegeneration in a gain-of-function manner, possibly by shifting the localization of TDP-43 from nuclei to cytoplasm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koji Matsukawa
- From the Departments of Neuropathology, Graduate School of Medicine
| | | | - Taisei Matsumoto
- From the Departments of Neuropathology, Graduate School of Medicine.,Neuropathology and Neuroscience, and
| | - Ryoko Ihara
- From the Departments of Neuropathology, Graduate School of Medicine
| | - Takahiro Chihara
- Genetics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, the University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Masayuki Miura
- Genetics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, the University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | | | - Takeshi Iwatsubo
- From the Departments of Neuropathology, Graduate School of Medicine, .,Neuropathology and Neuroscience, and
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Zufiría M, Gil-Bea FJ, Fernández-Torrón R, Poza JJ, Muñoz-Blanco JL, Rojas-García R, Riancho J, López de Munain A. ALS: A bucket of genes, environment, metabolism and unknown ingredients. Prog Neurobiol 2016; 142:104-129. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pneurobio.2016.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2015] [Revised: 03/22/2016] [Accepted: 05/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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9
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Alsultan AA, Waller R, Heath PR, Kirby J. The genetics of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: current insights. Degener Neurol Neuromuscul Dis 2016; 6:49-64. [PMID: 30050368 PMCID: PMC6053097 DOI: 10.2147/dnnd.s84956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder that results in loss of the upper and lower motor neurons from motor cortex, brainstem, and spinal cord. While the majority of cases are sporadic, approximately 10% show familial inheritance. ALS is usually inherited in an autosomal dominant manner, although autosomal recessive and X-linked inheritance do occur. To date, 24 of the genes at 26 loci have been identified; these include loci linked to ALS and to frontotemporal dementia-ALS, where family pedigrees contain individuals with frontotemporal dementia with/without ALS. The most commonly established genetic causes of familial ALS (FALS) to date are the presence of a hexanucleotide repeat expansion in the C9ORF72 gene (39.3% FALS) and mutation of SOD1, TARDBP, and FUS, with frequencies of 12%-23.5%, 5%, and 4.1%, respectively. However, with the increasing use of next-generation sequencing of small family pedigrees, this has led to an increasing number of genes being associated with ALS. This review provides a comprehensive review on the genetics of ALS and an update of the pathogenic mechanisms associated with these genes. Commonly implicated pathways have been established, including RNA processing, the protein degradation pathways of autophagy and ubiquitin-proteasome system, as well as protein trafficking and cytoskeletal function. Elucidating the role genetics plays in both FALS and sporadic ALS is essential for understanding the subsequent cellular dysregulation that leads to motor neuron loss, in order to develop future effective therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Afnan A Alsultan
- Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience (SITraN), Department of Neuroscience, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK,
| | - Rachel Waller
- Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience (SITraN), Department of Neuroscience, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK,
| | - Paul R Heath
- Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience (SITraN), Department of Neuroscience, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK,
| | - Janine Kirby
- Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience (SITraN), Department of Neuroscience, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK,
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Tanaka Y, Nonaka T, Suzuki G, Kametani F, Hasegawa M. Gain-of-function profilin 1 mutations linked to familial amyotrophic lateral sclerosis cause seed-dependent intracellular TDP-43 aggregation. Hum Mol Genet 2016; 25:1420-33. [PMID: 26908597 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddw024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2015] [Accepted: 01/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Profilin 1 (PFN1) is an actin monomer-binding protein essential for regulating cytoskeletal dynamics in all cell types. Recently, mutations in the PFN1 gene have been identified as a cause of familial amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). The co-aggregation of PFN1 bearing mutations that cause ALS with TDP-43 (a key molecule in both sporadic and some familial forms of ALS), together with the classical TDP-43 pathology detected in post-mortem tissues of patients with autosomal dominant PFN1 mutation, imply that gain-of-toxic-function of PFN1 mutants is associated with the onset of ALS. However, it remains unknown how PFN1 mutants cause ALS. We found mutant PFN1 that causes ALS formed cytoplasmic aggregates positive for ubiquitin and p62, and these aggregates sequestered endogenous TDP-43. In cells harboring PFN1 aggregates, formation of aggresome-like structures was inhibited in the presence of proteasome inhibitor, and conversion of LC3-I to LC3-II was suppressed in the presence of lysosome inhibitor. Further, insoluble TDP-43 was increased in both cases. Co-expression of ALS-linked mutant PFN1 and TDP-43 increased insoluble and phosphorylated TDP-43 levels. The C-terminal region of TDP-43, essential for aggregation of TDP-43, was also indispensable for the interaction with PFN1. Interestingly, insoluble fractions prepared from cells expressing ALS-linked mutant PFN1 functioned as a seed to induce accumulation and phosphorylation of TDP-43, indicating that TDP-43 accumulated in the presence of the PFN1 mutants is converted to prion-like species. These findings provide new insight into the mechanisms of neurodegeneration in ALS, suggesting that gain-of-toxic-function PFN1 gene mutation leads to conformational change of TDP-43.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshinori Tanaka
- Dementia Research Project, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, 2-1-6, Kamikitazawa, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo 156-8506, Japan
| | - Takashi Nonaka
- Dementia Research Project, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, 2-1-6, Kamikitazawa, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo 156-8506, Japan
| | - Genjiro Suzuki
- Dementia Research Project, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, 2-1-6, Kamikitazawa, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo 156-8506, Japan
| | - Fuyuki Kametani
- Dementia Research Project, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, 2-1-6, Kamikitazawa, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo 156-8506, Japan
| | - Masato Hasegawa
- Dementia Research Project, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, 2-1-6, Kamikitazawa, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo 156-8506, Japan
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11
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Del Poggetto E, Bemporad F, Tatini F, Chiti F. Mutations of Profilin-1 Associated with Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis Promote Aggregation Due to Structural Changes of Its Native State. ACS Chem Biol 2015; 10:2553-63. [PMID: 26226631 DOI: 10.1021/acschembio.5b00598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The PFN1 gene, coding for profilin-1, has recently been associated with familial amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (fALS), as three mutations, namely C71G, M114T, and G118V, have been found in patients with familial forms of the disease and another, E117G, has been proposed to be a moderate risk factor for disease onset. In this work, we have purified the four profilin-1 variants along with the wild-type protein. The resulting aggregates appear to be fibrillar, to have a weak binding to ThT, and to possess a significant amount of intermolecular β-sheet structure. Using ThT fluorescence assays, far-UV circular dichroism, and dynamic light scattering, we found that all four variants have an aggregation propensity higher than that of the wild-type counterpart. In particular, the C71G mutation was found to induce the most dramatic change in aggregation, followed by the G118V and M114T substitutions and then the E117G mutation. Such a propensity was found not to strictly correlate with the conformational stability in this group of profilin-1 variants, determined using both urea-induced denaturation at equilibrium and folding/unfolding kinetics. However, it correlated with structural changes of the folded states, as monitored with far-UV circular dichroism, intrinsic fluorescence spectroscopy, ANS binding, acrylamide quenching, and dynamic light scattering. Overall, the results suggest that all four mutations increase the tendency of profilin-1 to aggregate and that such aggregation behavior is largely determined by the mutation-induced structural changes occurring in the folded state of the protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edoardo Del Poggetto
- Department
of Biomedical Experimental and Clinical Sciences, Section of Biochemistry, University of Florence, Viale Morgagni 50, I-50134, Florence, Italy
| | - Francesco Bemporad
- Department
of Biomedical Experimental and Clinical Sciences, Section of Biochemistry, University of Florence, Viale Morgagni 50, I-50134, Florence, Italy
| | - Francesca Tatini
- Institute
of Applied Physics Nello Carrara, National Research Council, Via
Madonna del Piano 10, I-50019, Sesto Fiorentino (FI), Italy
| | - Fabrizio Chiti
- Department
of Biomedical Experimental and Clinical Sciences, Section of Biochemistry, University of Florence, Viale Morgagni 50, I-50134, Florence, Italy
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12
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Freischmidt A, Schöpflin M, Feiler MS, Fleck AK, Ludolph AC, Weishaupt JH. Profilin 1 with the amyotrophic lateral sclerosis associated mutation T109M displays unaltered actin binding and does not affect the actin cytoskeleton. BMC Neurosci 2015; 16:77. [PMID: 26572741 PMCID: PMC4647582 DOI: 10.1186/s12868-015-0214-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2015] [Accepted: 11/03/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The recent identification of several mutations in PFN1, a protein involved in actin dynamics, strengthens the hypothesis that pathology of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis is linked to cytoskeletal defects. Impaired actin binding is a common denominator of several PFN1 mutations associated with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, although further mechanisms may also contribute to the death of motor neurons. In this study we examine the actin binding properties of PFN1 carrying the causal T109M mutation and its effects on the actin cytoskeleton. Methods Actin binding of PFN1 T109M was examined by co-immunoprecipitation experiments, a split luciferase complementation assay and a pulldown assay with recombinant PFN1. The actin cytoskeleton was investigated by fluorescence microscopy and by ultracentrifuge separation of globular and filamentous actin fractions followed by Western blotting. Results Using different technical approaches we show that PFN1 T109M displays unaltered actin binding. Furthermore we show that the actin cytoskeleton is not affected by PFN1 carrying the T109M mutation. Conclusion Our data suggest that actin independent mechanisms contribute to the pathogenicity of PFN1 T109M and possibly other PFN1 mutations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Axel Freischmidt
- Department of Neurology, Ulm University, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, 89081, Ulm, Germany.
| | - Marcel Schöpflin
- Department of Neurology, Ulm University, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, 89081, Ulm, Germany.
| | - Marisa S Feiler
- Department of Neurology, Ulm University, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, 89081, Ulm, Germany.
| | - Ann-Katrin Fleck
- Department of Neurology, Ulm University, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, 89081, Ulm, Germany.
| | - Albert C Ludolph
- Department of Neurology, Ulm University, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, 89081, Ulm, Germany.
| | - Jochen H Weishaupt
- Department of Neurology, Ulm University, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, 89081, Ulm, Germany.
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13
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Abdelkarim S, Morgan S, Plagnol V, Lu CH, Adamson G, Howard R, Malaspina A, Orrell R, Sharma N, Sidle K, Clarke J, Fox NC, Rossor MN, Warren JD, Clark CN, Rohrer JD, Fisher EMC, Mead S, Pittman A, Fratta P. CHCHD10 Pro34Ser is not a highly penetrant pathogenic variant for amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and frontotemporal dementia. Brain 2015; 139:e9. [PMID: 26362910 DOI: 10.1093/brain/awv223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Samir Abdelkarim
- 1 Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, University College London Institute of Neurology, Queen Square, London WC1N 3BG, UK
| | - Sarah Morgan
- 2 Department of Molecular Neuroscience, University College London Institute of Neurology, Queen Square, London WC1N 3BG, UK
| | - Vincent Plagnol
- 3 UCL Genetics Institute, Department of Genetics, Environment and Evolution, UCL, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Ching-Hua Lu
- 4 Sobell Department of Motor Neuroscience and Movement Disorders, Queen Square, London, WC1N 3BG, UK 5 Centre for Neuroscience and Trauma, Blizard Institute, Queen Mary University of London, North-East London and Essex Regional MND Care Centre, E1 2AT, UK
| | - Gary Adamson
- 6 Medical Research Council Prion Unit, Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, University College London Institute of Neurology, Queen Square, London, WC1N 3BG, UK
| | - Robin Howard
- 7 National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, Queen Square, London, WC1N 3BG, UK
| | - Andrea Malaspina
- 5 Centre for Neuroscience and Trauma, Blizard Institute, Queen Mary University of London, North-East London and Essex Regional MND Care Centre, E1 2AT, UK
| | - Richard Orrell
- 2 Department of Molecular Neuroscience, University College London Institute of Neurology, Queen Square, London WC1N 3BG, UK
| | - Nikhil Sharma
- 4 Sobell Department of Motor Neuroscience and Movement Disorders, Queen Square, London, WC1N 3BG, UK
| | - Katie Sidle
- 2 Department of Molecular Neuroscience, University College London Institute of Neurology, Queen Square, London WC1N 3BG, UK
| | - Jan Clarke
- 7 National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, Queen Square, London, WC1N 3BG, UK
| | - Nick C Fox
- 8 Dementia Research Centre, Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, University College London Institute of Neurology, Queen Square, London WC1N 3BG, UK
| | - Martin N Rossor
- 8 Dementia Research Centre, Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, University College London Institute of Neurology, Queen Square, London WC1N 3BG, UK
| | - Jason D Warren
- 8 Dementia Research Centre, Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, University College London Institute of Neurology, Queen Square, London WC1N 3BG, UK
| | - Camilla N Clark
- 8 Dementia Research Centre, Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, University College London Institute of Neurology, Queen Square, London WC1N 3BG, UK
| | - Jonathan D Rohrer
- 8 Dementia Research Centre, Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, University College London Institute of Neurology, Queen Square, London WC1N 3BG, UK
| | - Elizabeth M C Fisher
- 1 Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, University College London Institute of Neurology, Queen Square, London WC1N 3BG, UK
| | - Simon Mead
- 6 Medical Research Council Prion Unit, Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, University College London Institute of Neurology, Queen Square, London, WC1N 3BG, UK
| | - Alan Pittman
- 2 Department of Molecular Neuroscience, University College London Institute of Neurology, Queen Square, London WC1N 3BG, UK
| | - Pietro Fratta
- 1 Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, University College London Institute of Neurology, Queen Square, London WC1N 3BG, UK 4 Sobell Department of Motor Neuroscience and Movement Disorders, Queen Square, London, WC1N 3BG, UK
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14
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Boopathy S, Silvas TV, Tischbein M, Jansen S, Shandilya SM, Zitzewitz JA, Landers JE, Goode BL, Schiffer CA, Bosco DA. Structural basis for mutation-induced destabilization of profilin 1 in ALS. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2015; 112:7984-9. [PMID: 26056300 PMCID: PMC4491777 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1424108112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Mutations in profilin 1 (PFN1) are associated with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS); however, the pathological mechanism of PFN1 in this fatal disease is unknown. We demonstrate that ALS-linked mutations severely destabilize the native conformation of PFN1 in vitro and cause accelerated turnover of the PFN1 protein in cells. This mutation-induced destabilization can account for the high propensity of ALS-linked variants to aggregate and also provides rationale for their reported loss-of-function phenotypes in cell-based assays. The source of this destabilization is illuminated by the X-ray crystal structures of several PFN1 proteins, revealing an expanded cavity near the protein core of the destabilized M114T variant. In contrast, the E117G mutation only modestly perturbs the structure and stability of PFN1, an observation that reconciles the occurrence of this mutation in the control population. These findings suggest that a destabilized form of PFN1 underlies PFN1-mediated ALS pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sivakumar Boopathy
- Department of Neurology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605
| | - Tania V Silvas
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605
| | - Maeve Tischbein
- Department of Neurology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605
| | - Silvia Jansen
- Department of Biology, Brandeis University, Waltham, MA 02453
| | - Shivender M Shandilya
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605
| | - Jill A Zitzewitz
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605
| | - John E Landers
- Department of Neurology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605
| | - Bruce L Goode
- Department of Biology, Brandeis University, Waltham, MA 02453
| | - Celia A Schiffer
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605
| | - Daryl A Bosco
- Department of Neurology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605;
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15
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Novel mutations support a role for Profilin 1 in the pathogenesis of ALS. Neurobiol Aging 2014; 36:1602.e17-27. [PMID: 25499087 PMCID: PMC4357530 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2014.10.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2014] [Revised: 10/01/2014] [Accepted: 10/24/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Mutations in the gene encoding profilin 1 (PFN1) have recently been shown to cause amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), a fatal neurodegenerative disorder. We sequenced the PFN1 gene in a cohort of ALS patients (n = 485) and detected 2 novel variants (A20T and Q139L), as well as 4 cases with the previously identified E117G rare variant (∼ 1.2%). A case-control meta-analysis of all published E117G ALS+/- frontotemporal dementia cases including those identified in this report was significant p = 0.001, odds ratio = 3.26 (95% confidence interval, 1.6-6.7), demonstrating this variant to be a susceptibility allele. Postmortem tissue from available patients displayed classic TAR DNA-binding protein 43 pathology. In both transient transfections and in fibroblasts from a patient with the A20T change, we showed that this novel PFN1 mutation causes protein aggregation and the formation of insoluble high molecular weight species which is a hallmark of ALS pathology. Our findings show that PFN1 is a rare cause of ALS and adds further weight to the underlying genetic heterogeneity of this disease.
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16
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PFN1 mutations are also rare in the Catalan population with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. J Neurol 2014; 261:2387-92. [DOI: 10.1007/s00415-014-7501-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2014] [Revised: 09/08/2014] [Accepted: 09/09/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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17
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Profilin 1 associates with stress granules and ALS-linked mutations alter stress granule dynamics. J Neurosci 2014; 34:8083-97. [PMID: 24920614 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.0543-14.2014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Mutations in the PFN1 gene encoding profilin 1 are a rare cause of familial amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). Profilin 1 is a well studied actin-binding protein but how PFN1 mutations cause ALS is unknown. The budding yeast, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, has one PFN1 ortholog. We expressed the ALS-linked profilin 1 mutant proteins in yeast, demonstrating a loss of protein stability and failure to restore growth to profilin mutant cells, without exhibiting gain-of-function toxicity. This model provides for simple and rapid screening of novel ALS-linked PFN1 variants. To gain insight into potential novel roles for profilin 1, we performed an unbiased, genome-wide synthetic lethal screen with yeast cells lacking profilin (pfy1Δ). Unexpectedly, deletion of several stress granule and processing body genes, including pbp1Δ, were found to be synthetic lethal with pfy1Δ. Mutations in ATXN2, the human ortholog of PBP1, are a known ALS genetic risk factor and ataxin 2 is a stress granule component in mammalian cells. Given this genetic interaction and recent evidence linking stress granule dynamics to ALS pathogenesis, we hypothesized that profilin 1 might also associate with stress granules. Here we report that profilin 1 and related protein profilin 2 are novel stress granule-associated proteins in mouse primary cortical neurons and in human cell lines and that ALS-linked mutations in profilin 1 alter stress granule dynamics, providing further evidence for the potential role of stress granules in ALS pathogenesis.
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