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Xu F, Huang S, Li XY, Lin J, Feng X, Xie S, Wang Z, Li X, Zhu J, Lai H, Xu Y, Huang X, Yao X, Wang C. Identification of TARDBP Gly298Ser as a founder mutation for amyotrophic lateral sclerosis in Southern China. BMC Med Genomics 2022; 15:173. [PMID: 35932023 PMCID: PMC9356425 DOI: 10.1186/s12920-022-01327-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Accepted: 07/30/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a progressive neurodegenerative disease characterized by predominant impairment of upper and lower motor neurons. Over 50 TARDBP mutations have been reported in both familial (FALS) and sporadic ALS (SALS). Some mutations in TARDBP, e.g. A382T and G294V, have genetic founder effects in certain geographic regions. However, such prevalence and founder effect have not been reported in Chinese. METHODS Whole-exome sequencing (WES) was performed in 16 Chinese FALS patients, followed by Sanger sequencing for the TARDBP p.Gly298Ser mutation (G298S) in 798 SALS patients and 1,325 controls. Haplotype analysis using microsatellites flanking TARDBP was conducted in the G298S-carrying patients and noncarriers. The geographic distribution and phenotypic correlation of the TARDBP mutations reported worldwide were reviewed. RESULTS WES detected the TARDBP G298S mutation in 8 FALS patients, and Sanger sequencing found additional 8 SALS cases, but no controls, carrying this mutation. All the 16 cases came from Southern China, and 7 of these patients shared the 117-286-257-145-246-270 allele for the D1S2736-D1S1151-D1S2667-D1S489-D1S434-D1S2697 markers, which was not found in the 92 non-carrier patients (0/92) (p < 0.0001) and 65 age-matched and neurologically normal individuals (0/65) (p < 0.0001). The A382T and G298S mutations were prevalent in Europeans and Eastern Asians, respectively. Additionally, carriers for the M337V mutation are dominated by bulbar onset with a long survival, whereas those for G298S are dominated by limb onset with a short survival. CONCLUSIONS Some prevalent TARDBP mutations are distributed in a geographic pattern and related to clinical profiles. TARDBP G298S mutation is a founder mutation in the Southern Chinese ALS population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fanxi Xu
- Department of Neurology, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical University, No.45 Changchun Street, Beijing, 100053, China
| | - Sen Huang
- Department of Neurology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment of Major Neurological Diseases, National Key Clinical Department and Key Discipline of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Xu-Ying Li
- Department of Neurology, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical University, No.45 Changchun Street, Beijing, 100053, China.,Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jianing Lin
- Department of Neurology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment of Major Neurological Diseases, National Key Clinical Department and Key Discipline of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Xiuli Feng
- National Human Genome Center in Beijing, Beijing, China
| | - Shu Xie
- National Human Genome Center in Beijing, Beijing, China
| | - Zhanjun Wang
- Department of Neurology, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical University, No.45 Changchun Street, Beijing, 100053, China
| | - Xian Li
- Department of Neurology, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical University, No.45 Changchun Street, Beijing, 100053, China
| | - Junge Zhu
- Department of Neurology, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical University, No.45 Changchun Street, Beijing, 100053, China
| | - Hong Lai
- Department of Neurology, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical University, No.45 Changchun Street, Beijing, 100053, China
| | - Yanming Xu
- Department of Neurology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xusheng Huang
- Department of Neurology of the First Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoli Yao
- Department of Neurology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment of Major Neurological Diseases, National Key Clinical Department and Key Discipline of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China.
| | - Chaodong Wang
- Department of Neurology, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical University, No.45 Changchun Street, Beijing, 100053, China.
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The Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis M114T PFN1 Mutation Deregulates Alternative Autophagy Pathways and Mitochondrial Homeostasis. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23105694. [PMID: 35628504 PMCID: PMC9143529 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23105694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Revised: 05/13/2022] [Accepted: 05/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Mutations in profilin 1 (PFN1) have been identified in rare familial cases of Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS). PFN1 is involved in multiple pathways that could intervene in ALS pathology. However, the specific pathogenic role of PFN1 mutations in ALS is still not fully understood. We hypothesized that PFN1 could play a role in regulating autophagy pathways and that PFN1 mutations could disrupt this function. We used patient cells (lymphoblasts) or tissue (post-mortem) carrying PFN1 mutations (M114T and E117G), and designed experimental models expressing wild-type or mutant PFN1 (cell lines and novel PFN1 mice established by lentiviral transgenesis) to study the effects of PFN1 mutations on autophagic pathway markers. We observed no accumulation of PFN1 in the spinal cord of one E117G mutation carrier. Moreover, in patient lymphoblasts and transfected cell lines, the M114T mutant PFN1 protein was unstable and deregulated the RAB9-mediated alternative autophagy pathway involved in the clearance of damaged mitochondria. In vivo, motor neurons expressing M114T mutant PFN1 showed mitochondrial abnormalities. Our results demonstrate that the M114T PFN1 mutation is more deleterious than the E117G variant in patient cells and experimental models and suggest a role for the RAB9-dependent autophagic pathway in ALS.
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A Systematic Review of Genotype-Phenotype Correlation across Cohorts Having Causal Mutations of Different Genes in ALS. J Pers Med 2020; 10:jpm10030058. [PMID: 32610599 PMCID: PMC7564886 DOI: 10.3390/jpm10030058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2020] [Revised: 06/09/2020] [Accepted: 06/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis is a rare and fatal neurodegenerative disease characterised by progressive deterioration of upper and lower motor neurons that eventually culminates in severe muscle atrophy, respiratory failure and death. There is a concerning lack of understanding regarding the mechanisms that lead to the onset of ALS and as a result there are no reliable biomarkers that aid in the early detection of the disease nor is there an effective treatment. This review first considers the clinical phenotypes associated with ALS, and discusses the broad categorisation of ALS and ALS-mimic diseases into upper and lower motor neuron diseases, before focusing on the genetic aetiology of ALS and considering the potential relationship of mutations of different genes to variations in phenotype. For this purpose, a systematic review is conducted collating data from 107 original published clinical studies on monogenic forms of the disease, surveying the age and site of onset, disease duration and motor neuron involvement. The collected data highlight the complexity of the disease's genotype-phenotype relationship, and thus the need for a nuanced approach to the development of clinical assays and therapeutics.
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