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Danek A, König N, Brandt T, Dieterich M. [Autonomous Neurology within the University Hospital of LMU at 50 years]. MMW Fortschr Med 2022; 164:23-31. [PMID: 35831745 DOI: 10.1007/s15006-022-1231-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Establishment of the Chair of Neurology at the University of Munich in 1971 as well as the opening of the Neurology Department at the newly built Großhadern campus (1974) provide an occasion to review the 50 years that have passed since. Further, the early history of Munich neurology is described, with its slow pace of separation (in comparison to e.g. Heidelberg, Frankfurt and Hamburg) from the parent disciplines, psychiatry and internal medicine. In Munich, they were long shaped by psychiatrists such as Bernhard von Gudden, Emil Kraepelin, Kurt Kolle and Hanns Hippius and by Friedrich von Müller and, in particular, by Gustav Bodechtel in internal medicine.Once independent, further development of neurology in Munich was characterized by fast-paced, almost revolutionary changes in neuroimaging, electrophysiology, sonography, and engineering as well as in basic neuroscience, neurogenetics included. The new department thrived under the leadership of Adolf Schrader (from 1971), Thomas Brandt (from 1984) and Marianne Dieterich (from 2008) who enjoyed the support of an ever-increasing specialised clinical-scientific staff.Evidence-based treatment of neurological disorders became the overarching and internationally visible focus of Munich neurology, with respect to both practical implementation and to research. The exemplary diseases and syndromes of multiple sclerosis, epilepsy, stroke, movement disorders, dizziness and disorders of balance and gait as well as diseases of the musculature and peripheral nerves are cared for not only within the inpatient and outpatient sections of the Neurology Department but also by units such as the Friedrich Baur Institute (FBI), the German Dizziness and Balance Centre (DSGZ), the Institutes for Stroke and Dementia Research (ISD) and for Clinical Neuroimmunology as well as in the interdisciplinary Department of Palliative Care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrian Danek
- LMU München, Neurologische Klinik und Poliklinik, Marchioninistraße 15, 81377, München, Deutschland.
| | - Nicolaus König
- Neurologische Klinik, Klinikum der Universität München, München, Deutschland
| | - Thomas Brandt
- LMU München, Neurologische Klinik und Poliklinik, Marchioninistraße 15, 81377, München, Deutschland
| | - Marianne Dieterich
- LMU München, Neurologische Klinik und Poliklinik, Marchioninistraße 15, 81377, München, Deutschland
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Kugler G, 't Hart BM, Kohlbecher S, Bartl K, Schumann F, Einhäuser W, Schneider E. Visual Search in the Real World: Color Vision Deficiency Affects Peripheral Guidance, but Leaves Foveal Verification Largely Unaffected. Front Hum Neurosci 2015; 9:680. [PMID: 26733851 PMCID: PMC4686840 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2015.00680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2015] [Accepted: 12/01/2015] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND People with color vision deficiencies report numerous limitations in daily life, restricting, for example, their access to some professions. However, they use basic color terms systematically and in a similar manner as people with normal color vision. We hypothesize that a possible explanation for this discrepancy between color perception and behavioral consequences might be found in the gaze behavior of people with color vision deficiency. METHODS A group of participants with color vision deficiencies and a control group performed several search tasks in a naturalistic setting on a lawn. All participants wore a mobile eye-tracking-driven camera with a high foveal image resolution (EyeSeeCam). Search performance as well as fixations of objects of different colors were examined. RESULTS Search performance was similar in both groups in a color-unrelated search task as well as in a search for yellow targets. While searching for red targets, participants with color vision deficiencies exhibited a strongly degraded performance. This was closely matched by the number of fixations on red objects shown by the two groups. Importantly, once they fixated a target, participants with color vision deficiencies exhibited only few identification errors. CONCLUSIONS In contrast to controls, participants with color vision deficiencies are not able to enhance their search for red targets on a (green) lawn by an efficient guiding mechanism. The data indicate that the impaired guiding is the main influence on search performance, while foveal identification (verification) is largely unaffected by the color vision deficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Günter Kugler
- Institute of Clinical Neurosciences, University of MunichMunich, Germany
- German Center for Vertigo and Balance Disorders, University of MunichMunich, Germany
| | - Bernard M. 't Hart
- Neurophysics, Philipps University MarburgMarburg, Germany
- Centre for Vision Research, York UniversityToronto, ON, Canada
| | - Stefan Kohlbecher
- Institute of Clinical Neurosciences, University of MunichMunich, Germany
- German Center for Vertigo and Balance Disorders, University of MunichMunich, Germany
| | - Klaus Bartl
- Institute of Clinical Neurosciences, University of MunichMunich, Germany
- German Center for Vertigo and Balance Disorders, University of MunichMunich, Germany
| | - Frank Schumann
- Laboratoire Psychologie de la Perception, Université Paris DescartesParis, France
- Institute of Cognitive Science, University of OsnabrückOsnabrück, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Einhäuser
- Neurophysics, Philipps University MarburgMarburg, Germany
- Institute of Physics, Chemnitz University of TechnologyChemnitz, Germany
| | - Erich Schneider
- Institute of Clinical Neurosciences, University of MunichMunich, Germany
- German Center for Vertigo and Balance Disorders, University of MunichMunich, Germany
- Institute of Medical Technology, Brandenburg University of Technology Cottbus – SenftenbergSenftenberg, Germany
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Schulz CM, Schneider E, Kohlbecher S, Hapfelmeier A, Heuser F, Wagner KJ, Kochs EF, Schneider G. The influence of anaesthetists’ experience on workload, performance and visual attention during simulated critical incidents. J Clin Monit Comput 2013; 28:475-80. [DOI: 10.1007/s10877-013-9443-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2012] [Accepted: 02/18/2013] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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Marx S, Respondek G, Stamelou M, Dowiasch S, Stoll J, Bremmer F, Oertel WH, Höglinger GU, Einhäuser W. Validation of mobile eye-tracking as novel and efficient means for differentiating progressive supranuclear palsy from Parkinson's disease. Front Behav Neurosci 2012; 6:88. [PMID: 23248593 PMCID: PMC3521127 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2012.00088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2012] [Accepted: 11/27/2012] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The decreased ability to carry out vertical saccades is a key symptom of Progressive Supranuclear Palsy (PSP). Objective measurement devices can help to reliably detect subtle eye movement disturbances to improve sensitivity and specificity of the clinical diagnosis. The present study aims at transferring findings from restricted stationary video-oculography (VOG) to a wearable head-mounted device, which can be readily applied in clinical practice. Methods: We investigated the eye movements in 10 possible or probable PSP patients, 11 Parkinson's disease (PD) patients, and 10 age-matched healthy controls (HCs) using a mobile, gaze-driven video camera setup (EyeSeeCam). Ocular movements were analyzed during a standardized fixation protocol and in an unrestricted real-life scenario while walking along a corridor. Results: The EyeSeeCam detected prominent impairment of both saccade velocity and amplitude in PSP patients, differentiating them from PD and HCs. Differences were particularly evident for saccades in the vertical plane, and stronger for saccades than for other eye movements. Differences were more pronounced during the standardized protocol than in the real-life scenario. Conclusions: Combined analysis of saccade velocity and saccade amplitude during the fixation protocol with the EyeSeeCam provides a simple, rapid (<20 s), and reliable tool to differentiate clinically established PSP patients from PD and HCs. As such, our findings prepare the ground for using wearable eye-tracking in patients with uncertain diagnoses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Svenja Marx
- Department of Neurophysics, Philipps-University Marburg, Germany
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Schulz C, Schneider E, Fritz L, Vockeroth J, Hapfelmeier A, Brandt T, Kochs E, Schneider G. Visual attention of anaesthetists during simulated critical incidents. Br J Anaesth 2011; 106:807-13. [DOI: 10.1093/bja/aer087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Schulz C, Schneider E, Fritz L, Vockeroth J, Hapfelmeier A, Wasmaier M, Kochs E, Schneider G. Eye tracking for assessment of workload: a pilot study in an anaesthesia simulator environment. Br J Anaesth 2011; 106:44-50. [DOI: 10.1093/bja/aeq307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Kohlbecher S, Schneider E. On-line classification and prediction of eye movements by multiple-model Kalman filtering. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2009; 1164:400-2. [PMID: 19645936 DOI: 10.1111/j.1749-6632.2009.03776.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
An extensible multiple-model Kalman filter framework for eye tracking and video-oculography (VOG) applications is proposed. The Kalman filter predicts future states of a system on the basis of a mathematical model and previous measurements. The predicted values are then compared against the current measurements. In a correcting step, the predicted state is enhanced by the measurements. In this work, the Kalman filter is used for smoothing the VOG data, for on-line classification of eye movements, as well as for predictive real-time control of a gaze-driven head-mounted camera (EyeSeeCam). With multiple models running in parallel, it was possible to distinguish between fixations, slow-phase eye movements, and saccades. Under the assumption that each class of eye movement follows a distinct model, one can decide which types of eye movement occurred by evaluating the probability for each model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Kohlbecher
- Chair for Clinical Neurosciences, University of Munich Hospital, Munich, Germany.
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Marius 't Hart B, Vockeroth J, Schumann F, Bartl K, Schneider E, König P, Einhäuser W. Gaze allocation in natural stimuli: Comparing free exploration to head-fixed viewing conditions. VISUAL COGNITION 2009. [DOI: 10.1080/13506280902812304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Einhäuser W, Moeller GU, Schumann F, Conradt J, Vockeroth J, Bartl K, Schneider E, König P. Eye-Head Coordination during Free Exploration in Human and Cat. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2009; 1164:353-66. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1749-6632.2008.03709.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Einhäuser W, Schumann F, Bardins S, Bartl K, Böning G, Schneider E, König P. Human eye-head co-ordination in natural exploration. NETWORK (BRISTOL, ENGLAND) 2007; 18:267-297. [PMID: 17926195 DOI: 10.1080/09548980701671094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
During natural behavior humans continuously adjust their gaze by moving head and eyes, yielding rich dynamics of the retinal input. Sensory coding models, however, typically assume visual input as smooth or a sequence of static images interleaved by volitional gaze shifts. Are these assumptions valid during free exploration behavior in natural environments? We used an innovative technique to simultaneously record gaze and head movements in humans, who freely explored various environments (forest, train station, apartment). Most movements occur along the cardinal axes, and the predominance of vertical or horizontal movements depends on the environment. Eye and head movements co-occur more frequently than their individual statistics predicts under an independence assumption. The majority of co-occurring movements point in opposite directions, consistent with a gaze-stabilizing role of eye movements. Nevertheless, a substantial fraction of eye movements point in the same direction as co-occurring head movements. Even under the very most conservative assumptions, saccadic eye movements alone cannot account for these synergistic movements. Hence nonsaccadic eye movements that interact synergistically with head movements to adjust gaze cannot be neglected in natural visual input. Natural retinal input is continuously dynamic, and cannot be faithfully modeled as a mere sequence of static frames with interleaved large saccades.
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