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Dubbelman MA, Tomassen J, van der Landen SM, Bakker E, Kamps S, van Unnik AAJM, van de Glind MCABJ, van der Vlies AE, Koene T, Leeuwis AE, Barkhof F, van Harten AC, Teunissen C, van de Giessen E, Lemstra AW, Pijnenburg YAL, Ponds RWH, Sikkes SAM. Visual associative learning to detect early episodic memory deficits and distinguish Alzheimer's disease from other types of dementia. J Int Neuropsychol Soc 2024:1-10. [PMID: 38389489 DOI: 10.1017/s1355617724000079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/24/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We investigated how well a visual associative learning task discriminates Alzheimer's disease (AD) dementia from other types of dementia and how it relates to AD pathology. METHODS 3,599 patients (63.9 ± 8.9 years old, 41% female) from the Amsterdam Dementia Cohort completed two sets of the Visual Association Test (VAT) in a single test session and underwent magnetic resonance imaging. We performed receiver operating curve analysis to investigate the VAT's discriminatory ability between AD dementia and other diagnoses and compared it to that of other episodic memory tests. We tested associations between VAT performance and medial temporal lobe atrophy (MTA), and amyloid status (n = 2,769, 77%). RESULTS Patients with AD dementia performed worse on the VAT than all other patients. The VAT discriminated well between AD and other types of dementia (area under the curve range 0.70-0.86), better than other episodic memory tests. Six-hundred forty patients (17.8%) learned all associations on VAT-A, but not on VAT-B, and they were more likely to have higher MTA scores (odds ratios range 1.63 (MTA 0.5) through 5.13 for MTA ≥ 3, all p < .001) and to be amyloid positive (odds ratio = 3.38, 95%CI = [2.71, 4.22], p < .001) than patients who learned all associations on both sets. CONCLUSIONS Performance on the VAT, especially on a second set administered immediately after the first, discriminates AD from other types of dementia and is associated with MTA and amyloid positivity. The VAT might be a useful, simple tool to assess early episodic memory deficits in the presence of AD pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark A Dubbelman
- Alzheimer Center Amsterdam, Neurology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC location VUmc, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam Neuroscience, Neurodegeneration, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Neurology, Center for Alzheimer Research and Treatment, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jori Tomassen
- Alzheimer Center Amsterdam, Neurology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC location VUmc, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam Neuroscience, Neurodegeneration, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Sophie M van der Landen
- Alzheimer Center Amsterdam, Neurology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC location VUmc, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam Neuroscience, Neurodegeneration, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Els Bakker
- Alzheimer Center Amsterdam, Neurology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC location VUmc, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam Neuroscience, Neurodegeneration, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Suzie Kamps
- Alzheimer Center Amsterdam, Neurology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC location VUmc, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam Neuroscience, Neurodegeneration, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Annemartijn A J M van Unnik
- Alzheimer Center Amsterdam, Neurology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC location VUmc, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam Neuroscience, Neurodegeneration, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Marie-Christine A B J van de Glind
- Alzheimer Center Amsterdam, Neurology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC location VUmc, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam Neuroscience, Neurodegeneration, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Annelies E van der Vlies
- Alzheimer Center Amsterdam, Neurology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC location VUmc, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam Neuroscience, Neurodegeneration, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Ted Koene
- Alzheimer Center Amsterdam, Neurology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC location VUmc, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam Neuroscience, Neurodegeneration, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Anna E Leeuwis
- Alzheimer Center Amsterdam, Neurology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC location VUmc, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam Neuroscience, Neurodegeneration, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Old Age Psychiatry, GGZ inGeest, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Frederik Barkhof
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam Neuroscience, Brain Imaging, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Institutes of Neurology and Healthcare Engineering, University College London, London, UK
| | - Argonde C van Harten
- Alzheimer Center Amsterdam, Neurology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC location VUmc, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam Neuroscience, Neurodegeneration, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Charlotte Teunissen
- Alzheimer Center Amsterdam, Neurology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC location VUmc, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Neurochemistry Laboratory, Department of Clinical Chemistry, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Elsmarieke van de Giessen
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam Neuroscience, Brain Imaging, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Afina W Lemstra
- Alzheimer Center Amsterdam, Neurology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC location VUmc, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam Neuroscience, Neurodegeneration, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Yolande A L Pijnenburg
- Alzheimer Center Amsterdam, Neurology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC location VUmc, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam Neuroscience, Neurodegeneration, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Rudolf W H Ponds
- Alzheimer Center Amsterdam, Neurology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC location VUmc, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam Neuroscience, Neurodegeneration, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Medical Psychology, Amsterdam UMC location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Sietske A M Sikkes
- Alzheimer Center Amsterdam, Neurology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC location VUmc, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam Neuroscience, Neurodegeneration, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Faculty of Behavioral and Movement Sciences, Clinical Developmental Psychology and Clinical Neuropsychology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Keith CM, McCuddy WT, Lindberg K, Miller LE, Bryant K, Mehta RI, Wilhelmsen K, Miller M, Navia RO, Ward M, Deib G, D'Haese PF, Haut MW. Procedural learning and retention relative to explicit learning and retention in mild cognitive impairment and Alzheimer's disease using a modification of the trail making test. NEUROPSYCHOLOGY, DEVELOPMENT, AND COGNITION. SECTION B, AGING, NEUROPSYCHOLOGY AND COGNITION 2023; 30:669-686. [PMID: 35603568 DOI: 10.1080/13825585.2022.2077297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2021] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI) and Alzheimer's disease (AD) dementia are characterized by pathological changes to the medial temporal lobes, resulting in explicit learning and retention reductions. Studies demonstrate that implicit/procedural memory processes are relatively intact in these populations, supporting different anatomical substrates for differing memory systems. This study examined differences between explicit and procedural learning and retention in individuals with aMCI and AD dementia relative to matched healthy controls. We also examined anatomical substrates using volumetric MRI. Results revealed expected difficulties with explicit learning and retention in individuals with aMCI and AD with relatively preserved procedural memory. Explicit verbal retention was associated with medial temporal cortex volumes. However, procedural retention was not related to medial temporal or basal ganglia volumes. Overall, this study confirms the dissociation between explicit relative to procedural learning and retention in aMCI and AD dementia and supports differing anatomical substrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cierra M Keith
- Department of Behavioral Medicine and Psychiatry, West Virginia University School of Medicine, Morgantown, West Virginia, United States
- The Rockefeller Neuroscience Institute, West Virginia University School of Medicine, Morgantown, West Virginia, United States
| | - William T McCuddy
- Department of Behavioral Medicine and Psychiatry, West Virginia University School of Medicine, Morgantown, West Virginia, United States
- The Rockefeller Neuroscience Institute, West Virginia University School of Medicine, Morgantown, West Virginia, United States
| | - Katharine Lindberg
- Department of Behavioral Medicine and Psychiatry, West Virginia University School of Medicine, Morgantown, West Virginia, United States
- The Rockefeller Neuroscience Institute, West Virginia University School of Medicine, Morgantown, West Virginia, United States
| | - Liv E Miller
- Department of Behavioral Medicine and Psychiatry, West Virginia University School of Medicine, Morgantown, West Virginia, United States
- The Rockefeller Neuroscience Institute, West Virginia University School of Medicine, Morgantown, West Virginia, United States
| | - Kirk Bryant
- Department of Behavioral Medicine and Psychiatry, West Virginia University School of Medicine, Morgantown, West Virginia, United States
- The Rockefeller Neuroscience Institute, West Virginia University School of Medicine, Morgantown, West Virginia, United States
| | - Rashi I Mehta
- The Rockefeller Neuroscience Institute, West Virginia University School of Medicine, Morgantown, West Virginia, United States
- Neuroradiology, West Virginia University School of Medicine, Morgantown, West Virginia, United States
| | - Kirk Wilhelmsen
- The Rockefeller Neuroscience Institute, West Virginia University School of Medicine, Morgantown, West Virginia, United States
- Neurology, West Virginia University School of Medicine, Morgantown, West Virginia, United States
| | - Mark Miller
- Department of Behavioral Medicine and Psychiatry, West Virginia University School of Medicine, Morgantown, West Virginia, United States
- The Rockefeller Neuroscience Institute, West Virginia University School of Medicine, Morgantown, West Virginia, United States
| | - R Osvaldo Navia
- The Rockefeller Neuroscience Institute, West Virginia University School of Medicine, Morgantown, West Virginia, United States
- Medicine, West Virginia University School of Medicine, Morgantown, West Virginia, United States
| | - Melanie Ward
- The Rockefeller Neuroscience Institute, West Virginia University School of Medicine, Morgantown, West Virginia, United States
- Neurology, West Virginia University School of Medicine, Morgantown, West Virginia, United States
| | - Gerard Deib
- The Rockefeller Neuroscience Institute, West Virginia University School of Medicine, Morgantown, West Virginia, United States
- Neuroradiology, West Virginia University School of Medicine, Morgantown, West Virginia, United States
| | - Pierre-François D'Haese
- The Rockefeller Neuroscience Institute, West Virginia University School of Medicine, Morgantown, West Virginia, United States
- Neuroradiology, West Virginia University School of Medicine, Morgantown, West Virginia, United States
| | - Marc W Haut
- Department of Behavioral Medicine and Psychiatry, West Virginia University School of Medicine, Morgantown, West Virginia, United States
- The Rockefeller Neuroscience Institute, West Virginia University School of Medicine, Morgantown, West Virginia, United States
- Neurology, West Virginia University School of Medicine, Morgantown, West Virginia, United States
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3
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Keith CM, Haut MW, Wilhelmsen K, Mehta RI, Miller M, Navia RO, Ward M, Lindberg K, Coleman M, McCuddy WT, Deib G, Giolzetti A, D'Haese PF. Frontal and temporal lobe correlates of verbal learning and memory in aMCI and suspected Alzheimer's disease dementia. NEUROPSYCHOLOGY, DEVELOPMENT, AND COGNITION. SECTION B, AGING, NEUROPSYCHOLOGY AND COGNITION 2023; 30:923-939. [PMID: 36367308 DOI: 10.1080/13825585.2022.2144618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2022] [Accepted: 11/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease is primarily known for deficits in learning and retaining new information. This has long been associated with pathological changes in the mesial temporal lobes. The role of the frontal lobes in memory in Alzheimer's disease is less well understood. In this study, we examined the role of the frontal lobes in learning, recognition, and retention of new verbal information, as well as the presence of specific errors (i.e., intrusions and false-positive errors). Participants included one hundred sixty-seven patients clinically diagnosed with amnestic mild cognitive impairment or suspected Alzheimer's disease dementia who were administered the California Verbal Learning Test and completed high-resolution MRI. We confirmed the role of the mesial temporal lobes in learning and retention, including the volumes of the hippocampus, entorhinal cortex, and parahippocampal gyrus. In addition, false-positive errors were associated with all volumes of the mesial temporal lobes and widespread areas within the frontal lobes. Errors of intrusion were related to the supplementary motor cortex and hippocampus. Most importantly, the mesial temporal lobes interacted with the frontal lobes for learning, recognition, and memory errors. Lower volumes in both regions explained more performance variance than any single structure. This study supports the interaction of the frontal lobes with the temporal lobes in many aspects of memory in Alzheimer's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cierra M Keith
- Department of Behavioral Medicine and Psychiatry, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia, United States
- Rockefeller Neuroscience Institute, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia, United States
| | - Marc W Haut
- Department of Behavioral Medicine and Psychiatry, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia, United States
- Rockefeller Neuroscience Institute, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia, United States
- Department of Neurology, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia, United States
| | - Kirk Wilhelmsen
- Rockefeller Neuroscience Institute, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia, United States
- Department of Neurology, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia, United States
| | - Rashi I Mehta
- Rockefeller Neuroscience Institute, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia, United States
- Department of Neuroradiology, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia, United States
| | - Mark Miller
- Department of Behavioral Medicine and Psychiatry, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia, United States
- Rockefeller Neuroscience Institute, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia, United States
| | - R Osvaldo Navia
- Rockefeller Neuroscience Institute, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia, United States
- Department of Medicine, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia, United States
| | - Melanie Ward
- Rockefeller Neuroscience Institute, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia, United States
- Department of Neurology, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia, United States
| | - Katharine Lindberg
- Department of Behavioral Medicine and Psychiatry, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia, United States
- Rockefeller Neuroscience Institute, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia, United States
| | - Michelle Coleman
- Rockefeller Neuroscience Institute, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia, United States
| | - William T McCuddy
- Department of Neuropsychology, Barrow Neurological Institute, Phoenix, Arizona, United States
| | - Gerard Deib
- Rockefeller Neuroscience Institute, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia, United States
- Department of Neuroradiology, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia, United States
| | - Angelo Giolzetti
- Department of Behavioral Medicine and Psychiatry, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia, United States
- Rockefeller Neuroscience Institute, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia, United States
| | - Pierre-François D'Haese
- Rockefeller Neuroscience Institute, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia, United States
- Department of Neurology, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia, United States
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Pinho J, Almeida FC, Araújo JM, Machado Á, Costa AS, Silva F, Francisco A, Quintas-Neves M, Ferreira C, Soares-Fernandes JP, Oliveira TG. Sex-Specific Patterns of Cerebral Atrophy and Enlarged Perivascular Spaces in Patients with Cerebral Amyloid Angiopathy and Dementia. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 2023; 44:792-798. [PMID: 37290817 PMCID: PMC10337609 DOI: 10.3174/ajnr.a7900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2023] [Accepted: 05/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Cerebral amyloid angiopathy is characterized by amyloid β deposition in leptomeningeal and superficial cortical vessels. Cognitive impairment is common and may occur independent of concomitant Alzheimer disease neuropathology. It is still unknown which neuroimaging findings are associated with dementia in cerebral amyloid angiopathy and whether they are modulated by sex. This study compared MR imaging markers in patients with cerebral amyloid angiopathy with dementia or mild cognitive impairment or who are cognitively unimpaired and explored sex-specific differences. MATERIALS AND METHODS We studied 58 patients with cerebral amyloid angiopathy selected from the cerebrovascular and memory outpatient clinics. Clinical characteristics were collected from clinical records. Cerebral amyloid angiopathy was diagnosed on MR imaging on the basis of the Boston criteria. Visual rating scores for atrophy and other imaging features were independently assessed by 2 senior neuroradiologists. RESULTS Medial temporal lobe atrophy was higher for those with cerebral amyloid angiopathy with dementia versus those cognitively unimpaired (P = .015), but not for those with mild cognitive impairment. This effect was mainly driven by higher atrophy in men with dementia, compared with women with and without dementia (P = .034, P = .012; respectively) and with men without dementia (P = .012). Enlarged perivascular spaces in the centrum semiovale were more frequent in women with dementia versus men with and without dementia (P = .021, P = .011; respectively) and women without dementia (P = .011). CONCLUSIONS Medial temporal lobe atrophy was more prominent in men with dementia, whereas women showed a higher number of enlarged perivascular spaces in the centrum semiovale. Overall, this finding suggests differential pathophysiologic mechanisms with sex-specific neuroimaging patterns in cerebral amyloid angiopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Pinho
- From the Department of Neurology (J.P., A.S.C.), University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - F C Almeida
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (F.C.A., M.Q.-N., T.G.O.), School of Medicine
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute/3Bs (F.C.A., M.Q.-N., T.G.O.), Portuguese Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
- Department of Neuroradiology (F.C.A.), Centro Hospitalar Universitxrário do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - J M Araújo
- Departments of Neurology (J.M.A., Á.M., C.F.)
| | - Á Machado
- Departments of Neurology (J.M.A., Á.M., C.F.)
| | - A S Costa
- From the Department of Neurology (J.P., A.S.C.), University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany
- JARA Institute Molecular Neuroscience and Neuroimaging (A.S.C.), Forschungszentrum Jülich and RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - F Silva
- Algoritmi Center (F.S., A.F.), University of Minho, Braga, Portugal
| | - A Francisco
- Algoritmi Center (F.S., A.F.), University of Minho, Braga, Portugal
| | - M Quintas-Neves
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (F.C.A., M.Q.-N., T.G.O.), School of Medicine
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute/3Bs (F.C.A., M.Q.-N., T.G.O.), Portuguese Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
- Neuroradiology (M.Q.-N., J.P.S.-F., T.G.O.), Hospital de Braga, Braga, Portugal
| | - C Ferreira
- Departments of Neurology (J.M.A., Á.M., C.F.)
| | | | - T G Oliveira
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (F.C.A., M.Q.-N., T.G.O.), School of Medicine
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute/3Bs (F.C.A., M.Q.-N., T.G.O.), Portuguese Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
- Neuroradiology (M.Q.-N., J.P.S.-F., T.G.O.), Hospital de Braga, Braga, Portugal
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Li B, Tang H, He G, Jin Z, He Y, Huang P, He N, Chen S. Tai Chi enhances cognitive training effects on delaying cognitive decline in mild cognitive impairment. Alzheimers Dement 2023; 19:136-149. [PMID: 35290704 DOI: 10.1002/alz.12658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2021] [Revised: 02/18/2022] [Accepted: 02/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Cognitive training and physical exercise have shown positive effects on delaying progression of mild cognitive impairment (MCI) to dementia. METHODS We explored the enhancing effect from Tai Chi when it was provided with cognitive training for MCI. In the first 12 months, the cognitive training group (CT) had cognitive training, and the mixed group (MixT) had additional Tai Chi training. In the second 12 months, training was only provided for a subgroup of MixT. RESULTS In the first 12 months, MixT and CT groups were benefited from training. Compared to the CT group, MixT had additional positive effects with reference to baseline. In addition, Compared to short-time training, prolonged mixed training further delayed decline in global cognition and memory. Functional magnetic resonance imaging showed more increased regional activity in both CT and MixT. DISCUSSION Tai Chi enhanced cognitive training effects in MCI. Moreover, Tai Chi and cognitive mixed training showed effects on delaying cognitive decline.
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Affiliation(s)
- Binyin Li
- Department of Neurology and Institute of Neurology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Huidong Tang
- Department of Neurology and Institute of Neurology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Guiying He
- Department of Neurology and Institute of Neurology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhijia Jin
- Department of Radiology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yixi He
- Department of Neurology and Institute of Neurology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Pei Huang
- Department of Neurology and Institute of Neurology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Naying He
- Department of Radiology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Shengdi Chen
- Department of Neurology and Institute of Neurology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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Predictive Scale for Amyloid PET Positivity Based on Clinical and MRI Variables in Patients with Amnestic Mild Cognitive Impairment. J Clin Med 2022; 11:jcm11123433. [PMID: 35743503 PMCID: PMC9224873 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11123433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2022] [Revised: 06/11/2022] [Accepted: 06/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
The presence of amyloid-β (Aβ) deposition is considered important in patients with amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI), since they can progress to Alzheimer’s disease dementia. Amyloid positron emission tomography (PET) has been used for detecting Aβ deposition, but its high cost is a significant barrier for clinical usage. Therefore, we aimed to develop a new predictive scale for amyloid PET positivity using easily accessible tools. Overall, 161 aMCI patients were recruited from six memory clinics and underwent neuropsychological tests, brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), apolipoprotein E (APOE) genotype testing, and amyloid PET. Among the potential predictors, verbal and visual memory tests, medial temporal lobe atrophy, APOE genotype, and age showed significant differences between the Aβ-positive and Aβ-negative groups and were combined to make a model for predicting amyloid PET positivity with the area under the curve (AUC) of 0.856. Based on the best model, we developed the new predictive scale comprising integers, which had an optimal cutoff score ≥ 3. The new predictive scale was validated in another cohort of 98 participants and showed a good performance with AUC of 0.835. This new predictive scale with accessible variables may be useful for predicting Aβ positivity in aMCI patients in clinical practice.
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Mangesius S, Haider L, Lenhart L, Steiger R, Prados Carrasco F, Scherfler C, Gizewski ER. Qualitative and Quantitative Comparison of Hippocampal Volumetric Software Applications: Do All Roads Lead to Rome? Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10020432. [PMID: 35203641 PMCID: PMC8962257 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10020432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Revised: 01/30/2022] [Accepted: 02/10/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Brain volumetric software is increasingly suggested for clinical routine. The present study quantifies the agreement across different software applications. Ten cases with and ten gender- and age-adjusted healthy controls without hippocampal atrophy (median age: 70; 25–75% range: 64–77 years and 74; 66–78 years) were retrospectively selected from a previously published cohort of Alzheimer’s dementia patients and normal ageing controls. Hippocampal volumes were computed based on 3 Tesla T1-MPRAGE-sequences with FreeSurfer (FS), Statistical-Parametric-Mapping (SPM; Neuromorphometrics and Hammers atlases), Geodesic-Information-Flows (GIF), Similarity-and-Truth-Estimation-for-Propagated-Segmentations (STEPS), and Quantib™. MTA (medial temporal lobe atrophy) scores were manually rated. Volumetric measures of each individual were compared against the mean of all applications with intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC) and Bland–Altman plots. Comparing against the mean of all methods, moderate to low agreement was present considering categorization of hippocampal volumes into quartiles. ICCs ranged noticeably between applications (left hippocampus (LH): from 0.42 (STEPS) to 0.88 (FS); right hippocampus (RH): from 0.36 (Quantib™) to 0.86 (FS). Mean differences between individual methods and the mean of all methods [mm3] were considerable (LH: FS −209, SPM-Neuromorphometrics −820; SPM-Hammers −1474; Quantib™ −680; GIF 891; STEPS 2218; RH: FS −232, SPM-Neuromorphometrics −745; SPM-Hammers −1547; Quantib™ −723; GIF 982; STEPS 2188). In this clinically relevant sample size with large spread in data ranging from normal aging to severe atrophy, hippocampal volumes derived by well-accepted applications were quantitatively different. Thus, interchangeable use is not recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie Mangesius
- Department of Neuroradiology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Anichstrasse 35, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria; (S.M.); (L.L.); (R.S.); (E.R.G.)
- Neuroimaging Core Facility, Medical University of Innsbruck, Anichstrasse 35, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Lukas Haider
- NMR Research Unit, Queen Square Multiple Sclerosis Centre, University College London Institute of Neurology, Russell Square House, Russell Square 10-12, London WC1B 5EH, UK;
- Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image Guided Therapy, Medical University of Vienna, Währinger Gürtel 18-20, 1090 Vienna, Austria
- Correspondence:
| | - Lukas Lenhart
- Department of Neuroradiology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Anichstrasse 35, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria; (S.M.); (L.L.); (R.S.); (E.R.G.)
- Neuroimaging Core Facility, Medical University of Innsbruck, Anichstrasse 35, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Ruth Steiger
- Department of Neuroradiology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Anichstrasse 35, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria; (S.M.); (L.L.); (R.S.); (E.R.G.)
- Neuroimaging Core Facility, Medical University of Innsbruck, Anichstrasse 35, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Ferran Prados Carrasco
- NMR Research Unit, Queen Square Multiple Sclerosis Centre, University College London Institute of Neurology, Russell Square House, Russell Square 10-12, London WC1B 5EH, UK;
- Centre for Medical Image Computing (CMIC), Department of Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, University College London, Malet Place Engineering Building, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK
- e-Health Centre, Universitat Oberta de Catalunya, Rambla del Poblenou 156, 08018 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Christoph Scherfler
- Department of Neurology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Anichstrasse 35, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria;
| | - Elke R. Gizewski
- Department of Neuroradiology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Anichstrasse 35, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria; (S.M.); (L.L.); (R.S.); (E.R.G.)
- Neuroimaging Core Facility, Medical University of Innsbruck, Anichstrasse 35, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
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Imaging biomarkers for Alzheimer's disease and glaucoma: Current and future practices. Curr Opin Pharmacol 2022; 62:137-144. [PMID: 34995895 DOI: 10.1016/j.coph.2021.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2021] [Revised: 10/06/2021] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Glaucoma is a leading cause of blindness worldwide. Although intraocular pressure is the main risk factor for glaucoma, several intraocular pressure independent factors have been associated with the risk of developing the disease and its progression. The diagnosis of glaucoma relies on clinical features of the optic nerve, visual field test, and optical coherence tomography. However, the multidisciplinary aspect of the disease suggests that other biomarkers may be useful for the diagnosis, thus underling the importance of novel imaging techniques supporting clinicians. This review analyzes the common pathogenic mechanisms between glaucoma and Alzheimer's disease and the possible novel approaches for diagnosis and follow up.
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Silhan D, Pashkovska O, Bartos A. Hippocampo-Horn Percentage and Parietal Atrophy Score for Easy Visual Assessment of Brain Atrophy on Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Early- and Late-Onset Alzheimer's Disease. J Alzheimers Dis 2021; 84:1259-1266. [PMID: 34633317 PMCID: PMC8673546 DOI: 10.3233/jad-210372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) visual scales of brain atrophy are important for differential diagnosis of dementias in routine clinical practice. Atrophy patterns in early- and late-onset Alzheimer's disease (AD) can be different according to some studies. OBJECTIVE Our goal was to assess brain atrophy patterns in early- and late-onset AD using our recently developed simple MRI visual scales and evaluate their reliability. METHODS We used Hippocampo-horn percentage (Hip-hop) and Parietal Atrophy Score (PAS) to compare mediotemporal and parietal atrophy on brain MRI among 4 groups: 26 patients with early-onset AD, 21 younger cognitively normal persons, 32 patients with late-onset AD, and 36 older cognitively normal persons. Two raters scored all brain MRI to assess reliability of the Hip-hop and PAS. Brain MRIs were obtained from Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI) database. RESULTS The patients with early-onset AD had significantly more pronounced mediotemporal and also parietal atrophy bilaterally compared to the controls (both p < 0.01). The patients with late-onset AD had significantly more pronounced only mediotemporal atrophy bilaterally compared to the controls (p < 0.000001), but parietal lobes were the same. Intra-rater and inter-rater reliability of both visual scales Hip-hop and PAS were almost perfect in all cases (weighted-kappa value ranged from 0.90 to 0.99). CONCLUSION While mediotemporal atrophy detected using Hip-hop is universal across the whole AD age spectrum, parietal atrophy detected using PAS is worth rating only in early-onset AD. Hip-hop and PAS are very reliable MRI visual scales.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Silhan
- Department of Neurology, Charles University, Third Faculty of Medicine, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Olga Pashkovska
- Department of Neurology, Charles University, Third Faculty of Medicine, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Ales Bartos
- Department of Neurology, Charles University, Third Faculty of Medicine, Prague, Czech Republic
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Muralidhar A, Kumar A, Prakash A, Krishnamurthy U, S M, Majeed R. Magnetic Resonance Imaging Characterization of the Hippocampi in Temporal Lobe Epilepsy: Correlation of Volumetry and Apparent Diffusion Coefficient with Laterality and Duration of Seizures. Indian J Radiol Imaging 2021; 31:109-115. [PMID: 34316118 PMCID: PMC8299500 DOI: 10.1055/s-0041-1729672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Purpose It is estimated that hippocampal damage is seen in 50 to 70% of patients with temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE). Although most magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) studies are adequate to detect gross hippocampal atrophy, subtle changes that may characterize early disease in TLE, such as visually nonappreciable volume loss, may often be missed if objective volumetric analysis is not undertaken. Materials and Methods We conducted a hospital-based prospective analytical study in which 40 patients with partial seizures of temporal lobe origin were included and their hippocampal volumes (HVs) were determined by manual volumetric analysis. The findings were recorded and correlated with the side of seizure and its duration. The quantitative assessment was allotted different grades accordingly. Also, the apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) values of bilateral hippocampi were estimated and their correlation with the side of seizure was determined. Results Most patients in the study were in the age group of 11 to 20 years (37.5%). In total, 57.5% had seizures for a period of 1 to 5 years. While 67.5% ( n = 27) had seizure on the right, 32.5% ( n = 13) had on the left. The mean HV estimated on the right and left were correlated with the side of seizure and found to be statistically significant ( p < 0.001 in those with right-sided seizures and p = 0.02 in those with left-sided seizures). Simultaneously the ADC values estimated were found to correlate with the laterality of seizures with a statistical difference ( p < 0.01) . Duration of seizures however did not show a positive correlation with the HV. Conclusion MRI with quantitative estimation of HV and ADC values can depict the presence and laterality in TLE with accuracy rates that exceed those achieved by visual inspection alone. Thus, quantitative MRI provides a useful means for translating volumetric analysis into clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Apoorva Muralidhar
- Department of Radio-diagnosis, M. S. Ramaiah Medical College, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Ashok Kumar
- Department of Radio-diagnosis, M. S. Ramaiah Medical College, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Arjun Prakash
- Department of Radio-diagnosis, Bangalore Medical College & Research Institute, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Umesh Krishnamurthy
- Department of Radio-diagnosis, M. S. Ramaiah Medical College, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Manjunath S
- Department of Radio-diagnosis, M. S. Ramaiah Medical College, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Roshni Majeed
- Department of Radio-diagnosis, M. S. Ramaiah Medical College, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
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Hsu YH, Liang CK, Chou MY, Wang YC, Liao MC, Chang WC, Hsiao CC, Lai PH, Lin YT. Sarcopenia is independently associated with parietal atrophy in older adults. Exp Gerontol 2021; 151:111402. [PMID: 33984449 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2021.111402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2020] [Revised: 04/05/2021] [Accepted: 05/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION As populations age, sarcopenia becomes a major health problem among adults aged 65 years and older. However, little information is available about the relationship between sarcopenia and brain structure abnormalities. The objective of this study was to investigate associations between sarcopenia and brain atrophy in older adults and relationships with regional brain areas. METHODS This prospective cohort study recruited 102 retirement community residents aged 65 years and older. All participants underwent gait speed measurement, handgrip strength measurement and muscle mass measurement by dual X-ray absorptiometry. Diagnosis of sarcopenia was made according to criteria of the Asian Working Group for Sarcopenia (AWGSOP). All patients underwent magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and images were analysed for global cortical atrophy (GCA) (range 0-3), parietal atrophy (PA) (range 0-3) and medial temporal atrophy (MTA) (range 0-4). RESULTS Among 102 older adult participants (81.4 ± 8.2 years), 47 (46.1%) were diagnosed with sarcopenia according to AWGSOP criteria. The sarcopenia group had more moderate to severe PA (Grade 2: 19.1% vs. 5.5%; grade 3:6.4% vs. 0%, P = 0.016) and GCA (Grade 2: 40.4% vs. 18.2%, P = 0.003) and a trend of more moderate to severe MTA (Grade 2: 46.8% vs. 30.9%; grade 3: 8.5% vs. 1.8%, P = 0.098) than the non-sarcopenia group. In univariate logistic regression, sarcopenia was significantly associated with PA (OR 5.94, 95% CI 1.56-22.60, P = 0.009), GCA (OR 3.05, 95% CI 1.24-7.51, P = 0.015), and MTA (OR 2.55, 95% CI 1.14-5.69, P = 0.023). In multivariable logistic regression analysis, sarcopenia was an independent risk factor for PA (adjusted OR 6.90, 95% CI 1.30-36.47, P = 0.023). After adjusting for all covariates, only age had a significant relationship with GCA (Adjusted OR 1.09, 95% CI 1.00-1.19, P = 0.044) and MTA (Adjusted OR 1.09, 95% CI 1.01-1.17, P = 0.022). CONCLUSIONS This is the first study to explore associations between sarcopenia and global as well as regional brain atrophy in older adults. The sarcopenia group had higher rates of moderate to severe PA, GCA and MTA than the non-sarcopenia group. PA was significantly associated with sarcopenia in older adults. Further longitudinal studies are needed to address the mechanism and pathogenesis of brain atrophy and sarcopenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying-Hsin Hsu
- Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; Division of Neurology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; Chia Nan University of Pharmacy and Science, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Kuang Liang
- Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; Division of Neurology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; Aging and Health Research Center, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Geriatric Medicine, National Yang Ming University School of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Yueh Chou
- Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; Aging and Health Research Center, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Geriatric Medicine, National Yang Ming University School of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Chun Wang
- Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; Department of Healthcare Administration and Medical Informatics, Kaohsiung Medical University, Taiwan
| | - Mei-Chen Liao
- Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Cheng Chang
- Division of Metabolism and Endocrinology, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Chi Hsiao
- Department of Radiology, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Taiwan
| | - Ping-Hong Lai
- Department of Radiology, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Taiwan; Faculty of National Yang-Ming University School of Medicine, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Te Lin
- Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; Division of Neurology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; Department of Pharmacy, Tajen University, Pingtung, Taiwan.
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Vecchio F, Miraglia F, Alù F, Judica E, Cotelli M, Pellicciari MC, Rossini PM. Human brain networks in physiological and pathological aging: reproducibility of EEG graph theoretical analysis in cortical connectivity. Brain Connect 2021; 12:41-51. [PMID: 33797981 DOI: 10.1089/brain.2020.0824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Physiological and pathological brain aging plays a central role in brain networks modulation. The aim of the present paper was to assess the stability of a proposed method for the evaluation of Small World (SW) characteristics for the study of Human Connectome. METHODS 80 subjects were recruited: 36 young healthy controls, 32 elderly healthy controls, and 12 patients affected by Alzheimer's disease. Electroencephalograms (EEG) were recorded during six separate sessions (480 recordings) at an average inter-session interval of 3.8±0.2 days. Graph theory functions were applied to the undirected and weighted networks obtained by the lagged linear coherence evaluated by exact Low Resolution Electromagnetic Tomography (eLORETA). Were explored the following frequency bands: delta (2-4Hz), theta (4-8Hz), alpha1 (8-10.5Hz), alpha2 (10.5-13Hz), beta1 (13-20Hz), beta2 (20-30Hz) and gamma (30-40Hz). RESULTS The proposed method for the evaluation of Small World (SW) characteristics showed good reproducibility and stability. Furthermore, the results showed the pattern Young>Elderly>AD in low frequency delta and theta bands and vice versa in the higher alpha band. Finally, the correlation with age was confirmed in healthy subjects showing that older the age higher the SW values for alpha2. DISCUSSION Evidences from the present study confirm the stability of the Small World index and suggest that graph theory can support the analysis of connectivity patterns estimated from EEG. The proposed method for the evaluation of the characteristics of the Small World (SW) has shown good reproducibility and stability and applied to patient data, this technique could provide more information on the pathophysiological processes underlying the age-related brain disconnection, as well as on the administration of rehabilitation treatments at the right time that could allow to avoid unnecessary interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabrizio Vecchio
- IRCCS San Raffaele Pisana, 46729, Via di Val Cannuta, 247, 00166 Roma RM, Roma, Italy, 00163;
| | | | - Francesca Alù
- IRCCS San Raffaele Pisana, 46729, Roma, Lazio, Italy;
| | - Elda Judica
- Casa di Cura del Policlinico SpA, 390725, Milano, Lombardia, Italy;
| | - Maria Cotelli
- IRCCS Centro San Giovanni di Dio Fatebenefratelli, 18518, Brescia, Lombardia, Italy;
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Chávez-Fumagalli MA, Shrivastava P, Aguilar-Pineda JA, Nieto-Montesinos R, Del-Carpio GD, Peralta-Mestas A, Caracela-Zeballos C, Valdez-Lazo G, Fernandez-Macedo V, Pino-Figueroa A, Vera-Lopez KJ, Lino Cardenas CL. Diagnosis of Alzheimer's Disease in Developed and Developing Countries: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Diagnostic Test Accuracy. J Alzheimers Dis Rep 2021; 5:15-30. [PMID: 33681713 PMCID: PMC7902992 DOI: 10.3233/adr-200263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The present systematic review and meta-analysis of diagnostic test accuracy summarizes the last three decades in advances on diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease (AD) in developed and developing countries. OBJECTIVE To determine the accuracy of biomarkers in diagnostic tools in AD, for example, cerebrospinal fluid, positron emission tomography (PET), and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), etc. METHODS The authors searched PubMed for published studies from 1990 to April 2020 on AD diagnostic biomarkers. 84 published studies were pooled and analyzed in this meta-analysis and diagnostic accuracy was compared by summary receiver operating characteristic statistics. RESULTS Overall, 84 studies met the criteria and were included in a meta-analysis. For EEG, the sensitivity ranged from 67 to 98%, with a median of 80%, 95% CI [75, 91], tau-PET diagnosis sensitivity ranged from 76 to 97%, with a median of 94%, 95% CI [76, 97]; and MRI sensitivity ranged from 41 to 99%, with a median of 84%, 95% CI [81, 87]. Our results showed that tau-PET diagnosis had higher performance as compared to other diagnostic methods in this meta-analysis. CONCLUSION Our findings showed an important discrepancy in diagnostic data for AD between developed and developing countries, which can impact global prevalence estimation and management of AD. Also, our analysis found a better performance for the tau-PET diagnostic over other methods to diagnose AD patients, but the expense of tau-PET scan seems to be the limiting factor in the diagnosis of AD in developing countries such as those found in Asia, Africa, and Latin America.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel A. Chávez-Fumagalli
- Laboratory of Genomics and Neurovascular Diseases, Vicerrectorado de investigación, Universidad Católica de Santa Maria, Arequipa, Peru
| | - Pallavi Shrivastava
- Laboratory of Genomics and Neurovascular Diseases, Vicerrectorado de investigación, Universidad Católica de Santa Maria, Arequipa, Peru
| | - Jorge A. Aguilar-Pineda
- Laboratory of Genomics and Neurovascular Diseases, Vicerrectorado de investigación, Universidad Católica de Santa Maria, Arequipa, Peru
| | - Rita Nieto-Montesinos
- Laboratory of Genomics and Neurovascular Diseases, Vicerrectorado de investigación, Universidad Católica de Santa Maria, Arequipa, Peru
| | - Gonzalo Davila Del-Carpio
- Laboratory of Genomics and Neurovascular Diseases, Vicerrectorado de investigación, Universidad Católica de Santa Maria, Arequipa, Peru
| | - Antero Peralta-Mestas
- Division of Neurology, Psychiatry and Radiology of the National Hospital ESSALUD-HNCASE, Arequipa, Peru
| | - Claudia Caracela-Zeballos
- Division of Neurology, Psychiatry and Radiology of the National Hospital ESSALUD-HNCASE, Arequipa, Peru
| | - Guillermo Valdez-Lazo
- Division of Neurology, Psychiatry and Radiology of the National Hospital ESSALUD-HNCASE, Arequipa, Peru
| | - Victor Fernandez-Macedo
- Division of Neurology, Psychiatry and Radiology of the National Hospital ESSALUD-HNCASE, Arequipa, Peru
| | - Alejandro Pino-Figueroa
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Massachusetts College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Karin J. Vera-Lopez
- Laboratory of Genomics and Neurovascular Diseases, Vicerrectorado de investigación, Universidad Católica de Santa Maria, Arequipa, Peru
| | - Christian L. Lino Cardenas
- Laboratory of Genomics and Neurovascular Diseases, Vicerrectorado de investigación, Universidad Católica de Santa Maria, Arequipa, Peru
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Cardiology Division, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
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Dementia. Neurology 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-55598-6_4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
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Post-Mortem 7.0-Tesla Magnetic Resonance Imaging of the Hippocampus in Progressive Supranuclear Palsy with and without Cerebral Amyloid Angiopathy. NEUROSCI 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/neurosci1020011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction and Purpose: Cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA) can be observed in patients with progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP), though to a lesser degree than in Alzheimer’s disease. The present post-mortem 7.0-tesla magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) evaluates whether CAA has an influence on the degree of hippocampal atrophy (HA) and on the incidence of associated micro-infarcts (HMIs) and cortical micro-bleeds (HMBs). Material and Methods: Eight brains with PSP-CAA were compared to 20 PSP brains without CAA. In addition to the neuropathological examination, the hippocampus was evaluated on the most representative coronal section with T2 and T2*-weighted MRI sequences. The average degree of HA was determined in both groups. The incidence of HMIs and HMBs was also compared as well as the frequency of cortical micro-infarcts (CoMIs) and cortical micro-bleeds (CoMBs) in the hemispheric neocortex. Results: The neuropathological examination showed a higher incidence of lacunar infarcts in the PSP-CAA brains compared to the PSP ones. With magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), the severity of HA and the incidence of HMIs and HMBs was similar between both groups. Additionally, the frequency of CoMIs and CoMBs in the neocortex was comparable. Conclusions: The association of CAA in PSP brains has no influence on the degree of HA and on the incidence of the small cerebrovascular lesions in the hippocampus as well as in the neocortex.
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Abstract
INTRODUCTION Rapidly progressive dementia (RPD) is a broadly defined clinical syndrome. Our aim was to describe clinical and ancillary study findings in patients with RPD and evaluate their diagnostic performance for the identification of nonchronic neurodegenerative rapidly progressive dementia (ncnRPD). METHODS We reviewed clinical records and ancillary methods of patients evaluated for RPD at our institution in Buenos Aires, Argentina from 2011 to 2017. We compared findings between chronic neurodegenerative RPD and ncnRPD and evaluated the diagnostic metrics using receiver operating characteristic curves. RESULTS We included 104 patients with RPD, 29 of whom were chronic neurodegenerative RPD and 75 of whom were ncnRPD. The 6-month time to dementia cutpoint had a sensitivity of 89% and specificity of 100% for ncnRPD, with an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of 0.965 (95% confidence interval=0.935-0.99; P<0.001). A decision tree that included time to dementia, brain magnetic resonance imaging, and cerebrospinal fluid analysis identified ncnRPD patients with a sensitivity of 100%, specificity of 79%, positive predictive value of 93%, and negative predictive value of 100% overall. DISCUSSION RPD is a clinical syndrome that comprises different diagnoses, many of them for treatable diseases. Using the time to dementia, brain magnetic resonance imaging, and cerebrospinal fluid analysis when triaging these patients could help identify those diseases that need to be studied more aggressively.
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Reporting frequency of radiology findings increases after introducing visual rating scales in the primary care diagnostic work up of subjective and mild cognitive impairment. Eur Radiol 2020; 31:666-673. [PMID: 32851442 PMCID: PMC7813688 DOI: 10.1007/s00330-020-07180-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2020] [Revised: 06/08/2020] [Accepted: 08/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Objectives Study the effect of introducing a template for radiological reporting of non-enhanced computed tomography (NECT) in the primary care diagnostic work up of cognitive impairment using visual rating scales (VRS). Methods Radiology reports were assessed regarding compliance with a contextual report template and the reporting of the parameters medial temporal lobe atrophy (MTA), white matter changes (WMC), global cortical atrophy (GCA), and width of lateral ventricles (WLV) using established VRS in two age-matched groups examined with NECT before (n = 111) and after (n = 125) the introduction of contextual reporting at our department. True positive rate (TPR) and true negative rate (TNR) before and after were compared. Results We observed a significant increase in the percentage of radiology reports with mentioning of MTA from 29 to 76% (p < 0.001), WMC from 69 to 86% (p < 0.01), and GCA from 54 to 82% (p < 0.001). We observed a significant increase in the percentages of reports where all of the parameters were mentioned, from 6 to 29% (p < 0.001). There was a significant increase in TPR from 10 to 55% for MTA. Conclusion This study suggests that contextual radiological assessment using VRS could increase the reporting frequency of radiology findings in the diagnostic work up of cognitive impairment but compliance with templates may be difficult to endorse. Key Points • Introducing visual rating scales in clinical practice increases the reporting frequency of MTA, WMC, and GCA in the diagnostic work up of subjective and mild cognitive impairment. • Introducing visual rating scales has an effect on the true positive rate of reported MTA. • Compliance with contextual radiology templates remains low when use of the template is not enforced by the department leadership.
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Verhaar BJ, de Leeuw FA, Doorduijn AS, Fieldhouse JL, van de Rest O, Teunissen CE, van Berckel BN, Barkhof F, Visser M, de van der Schueren MA, Scheltens P, Kester MI, Muller M, van der Flier WM. Nutritional status and structural brain changes in Alzheimer's disease: The NUDAD project. ALZHEIMER'S & DEMENTIA (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2020; 12:e12063. [PMID: 32793798 PMCID: PMC7418890 DOI: 10.1002/dad2.12063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2020] [Revised: 06/02/2020] [Accepted: 06/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Weight loss is associated with higher mortality and progression of cognitive decline, but its associations with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) changes related to Alzheimer's disease (AD) are unknown. METHODS We included 412 patients from the NUDAD project, comprising 129 with AD dementia, 107 with mild cognitive impairment (MCI), and 176 controls. Associations between nutritional status and MRI measures were analyzed using linear regression, adjusted for age, sex, education, cognitive functioning, and cardiovascular risk factors. RESULTS Lower body mass index (BMI), fat mass (FM), and fat free mass index were associated with higher medial temporal atrophy (MTA) scores. Lower BMI, FM, and waist circumference were associated with more microbleeds. Stratification by diagnosis showed that the observed associations with microbleeds were only significant in MCI. DISCUSSION Lower indicators of nutritional status were associated with more MTA and microbleeds, with largest effect sizes in MCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara J.H. Verhaar
- Alzheimer Center Amsterdam, Department of Neurology, Amsterdam NeuroscienceVrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMCAmsterdamthe Netherlands
- Department of Internal Medicine, Amsterdam Cardiovascular SciencesVrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMCAmsterdamthe Netherlands
| | - Francisca A. de Leeuw
- Alzheimer Center Amsterdam, Department of Neurology, Amsterdam NeuroscienceVrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMCAmsterdamthe Netherlands
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Amsterdam NeuroscienceVrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMCAmsterdamthe Netherlands
| | - Astrid S. Doorduijn
- Alzheimer Center Amsterdam, Department of Neurology, Amsterdam NeuroscienceVrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMCAmsterdamthe Netherlands
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Amsterdam Public Health Research InstituteVrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMCAmsterdamthe Netherlands
| | - Jay L.P. Fieldhouse
- Alzheimer Center Amsterdam, Department of Neurology, Amsterdam NeuroscienceVrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMCAmsterdamthe Netherlands
| | - Ondine van de Rest
- Division of Human Nutrition and HealthWageningen University & ResearchWageningenthe Netherlands
| | - Charlotte E. Teunissen
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Amsterdam NeuroscienceVrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMCAmsterdamthe Netherlands
| | - Bart N.M. van Berckel
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear MedicineVrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMCAmsterdamthe Netherlands
| | - Frederik Barkhof
- Alzheimer Center Amsterdam, Department of Neurology, Amsterdam NeuroscienceVrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMCAmsterdamthe Netherlands
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear MedicineVrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMCAmsterdamthe Netherlands
- UCL Institutes of Neurology and Healthcare EngineeringLondonUnited Kingdom
| | - Marjolein Visser
- Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of ScienceVrije Universiteit AmsterdamAmsterdamthe Netherlands
| | - Marian A.E. de van der Schueren
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Amsterdam Public Health Research InstituteVrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMCAmsterdamthe Netherlands
- Department of Nutrition and HealthHAN University of Applied SciencesNijmegenthe Netherlands
| | - Philip Scheltens
- Alzheimer Center Amsterdam, Department of Neurology, Amsterdam NeuroscienceVrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMCAmsterdamthe Netherlands
| | - Maartje I. Kester
- Alzheimer Center Amsterdam, Department of Neurology, Amsterdam NeuroscienceVrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMCAmsterdamthe Netherlands
| | - Majon Muller
- Department of Internal Medicine, Amsterdam Cardiovascular SciencesVrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMCAmsterdamthe Netherlands
| | - Wiesje M. van der Flier
- Alzheimer Center Amsterdam, Department of Neurology, Amsterdam NeuroscienceVrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMCAmsterdamthe Netherlands
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Vecchio F, Miraglia F, Alù F, Menna M, Judica E, Cotelli M, Rossini PM. Classification of Alzheimer’s Disease with Respect to Physiological Aging with Innovative EEG Biomarkers in a Machine Learning Implementation. J Alzheimers Dis 2020; 75:1253-1261. [DOI: 10.3233/jad-200171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Fabrizio Vecchio
- Brain Connectivity Laboratory, Department of Neuroscience & Neurorehabilitation, IRCCS San Raffaele Pisana, Rome, Italy
| | - Francesca Miraglia
- Brain Connectivity Laboratory, Department of Neuroscience & Neurorehabilitation, IRCCS San Raffaele Pisana, Rome, Italy
| | - Francesca Alù
- Brain Connectivity Laboratory, Department of Neuroscience & Neurorehabilitation, IRCCS San Raffaele Pisana, Rome, Italy
| | - Matteo Menna
- Brain Connectivity Laboratory, Department of Neuroscience & Neurorehabilitation, IRCCS San Raffaele Pisana, Rome, Italy
| | - Elda Judica
- Department of Neurorehabilitation Sciences, Casa Cura Policlinico, Milano, Italy
| | - Maria Cotelli
- Neuropsychology Unit, IRCCS Istituto Centro San Giovanni di DioFatebenefratelli, Brescia, Italy
| | - Paolo Maria Rossini
- Brain Connectivity Laboratory, Department of Neuroscience & Neurorehabilitation, IRCCS San Raffaele Pisana, Rome, Italy
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Allegri RF, Chrem Méndez P, Calandri I, Cohen G, Martín ME, Russo MJ, Crivelli L, Pertierra L, Tapajóz F, Clarens MF, Campos J, Nahas FE, Vázquez S, Surace E, Sevlever G. Prognostic value of ATN Alzheimer biomarkers: 60-month follow-up results from the Argentine Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative. ALZHEIMER'S & DEMENTIA (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2020; 12:e12026. [PMID: 32490138 PMCID: PMC7243942 DOI: 10.1002/dad2.12026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2019] [Revised: 01/20/2020] [Accepted: 01/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To describe results of the Amyloid, Tau, Neurodegeneration (ATN) research framework classification in the Argentine-Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (arg-ADNI) cohort. METHODS Twenty-three patients with mild cognitive impairment (MCI), 12 dementia of Alzheimer's type (DAT), and 14 normal controls were studied following the ADNI2 protocol. Patients were categorized according to presence or absence of the biomarkers for amyloid beta (Aβ; A: amyloid positron emission tomography [PET] scan or cerebrospinal fluid [CSF] Aβ42), tau (T: CSF phosphorylated-tau), and neurodegeneration (N: CSF total-tau, fluorodeoxyglucose [FDG]-PET scan, or structural magnetic resonance imaging [MRI] scan). RESULTS A+T+N+ biomarker profile was identified at baseline in 91% of mild dementia patients, 20% of early MCI patients, 46% of late MCI patients, and 14% of control subjects. Suspected non-AD pathophysiology (SNAP, A-T-N+) was found in 8% of mild dementia, 20% of early MCI, 15% of late MCI, and 7% of control subjects. Conversion rates to dementia after 5-year follow-up were 85% in A+T+N+ MCI patients and 50% in A-T-N+ patients. CONCLUSIONS We present initial 5-year follow-up results of a regional ADNI based on AD biomarkers and the ATN classification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ricardo F. Allegri
- Department of Cognitive NeurologyNeuropsychiatry and Neuropsychology, Instituto de Investigaciones Neurológicas FLENIBuenos AiresArgentina
- Department of NeurosciencesUniversidad de la Costa (CUC)BarranquillaColombia
| | - Patricio Chrem Méndez
- Department of Cognitive NeurologyNeuropsychiatry and Neuropsychology, Instituto de Investigaciones Neurológicas FLENIBuenos AiresArgentina
| | - Ismael Calandri
- Department of Cognitive NeurologyNeuropsychiatry and Neuropsychology, Instituto de Investigaciones Neurológicas FLENIBuenos AiresArgentina
| | - Gabriela Cohen
- Department of Cognitive NeurologyNeuropsychiatry and Neuropsychology, Instituto de Investigaciones Neurológicas FLENIBuenos AiresArgentina
| | - Maria Eugenia Martín
- Department of Cognitive NeurologyNeuropsychiatry and Neuropsychology, Instituto de Investigaciones Neurológicas FLENIBuenos AiresArgentina
| | - María Julieta Russo
- Department of Cognitive NeurologyNeuropsychiatry and Neuropsychology, Instituto de Investigaciones Neurológicas FLENIBuenos AiresArgentina
| | - Lucia Crivelli
- Department of Cognitive NeurologyNeuropsychiatry and Neuropsychology, Instituto de Investigaciones Neurológicas FLENIBuenos AiresArgentina
| | - Lucia Pertierra
- Department of Cognitive NeurologyNeuropsychiatry and Neuropsychology, Instituto de Investigaciones Neurológicas FLENIBuenos AiresArgentina
| | - Fernanda Tapajóz
- Department of Cognitive NeurologyNeuropsychiatry and Neuropsychology, Instituto de Investigaciones Neurológicas FLENIBuenos AiresArgentina
| | - María Florencia Clarens
- Department of Cognitive NeurologyNeuropsychiatry and Neuropsychology, Instituto de Investigaciones Neurológicas FLENIBuenos AiresArgentina
| | - Jorge Campos
- Department of Cognitive NeurologyNeuropsychiatry and Neuropsychology, Instituto de Investigaciones Neurológicas FLENIBuenos AiresArgentina
| | - Federico E. Nahas
- Department of Cognitive NeurologyNeuropsychiatry and Neuropsychology, Instituto de Investigaciones Neurológicas FLENIBuenos AiresArgentina
| | - Silvia Vázquez
- Center of Molecular NeuroimagingInstituto de Investigaciones Neurológicas FLENIBuenos AiresArgentina
| | - Ezequiel Surace
- Department of Molecular Biology and NeuropathologyInstituto de Investigaciones Neurológicas FLENIBuenos AiresArgentina
| | - Gustavo Sevlever
- Department of Molecular Biology and NeuropathologyInstituto de Investigaciones Neurológicas FLENIBuenos AiresArgentina
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21
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Janzen G, van Roij CJM, Oosterman JM, Kessels RPC. Egocentric and Allocentric Spatial Memory in Korsakoff's Amnesia. Front Hum Neurosci 2020; 14:121. [PMID: 32296321 PMCID: PMC7136515 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2020.00121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2019] [Accepted: 03/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The goal of the present study was to investigate spatial memory in a group of patients with amnesia due to Korsakoff’s syndrome (KS). We used a virtual spatial memory task that allowed us to separate the use of egocentric and allocentric spatial reference frames to determine object locations. Research investigating the ability of patients with Korsakoff’s amnesia to use different reference frames is scarce and it remains unclear whether these patients are impaired in using ego- and allocentric reference frames to the same extent. Twenty Korsakoff patients and 24 matched controls watched an animation of a bird flying in one of three trees standing in a virtual environment. After the bird disappeared, the camera turned around, by which the trees were briefly out of sight and then turned back to the center of the environment. Participants were asked in which tree the bird was hiding. In half of the trials, a landmark was shown. Half of the trials required an immediate response whereas in the other half a delay of 10 s was present. Patients performed significantly worse than controls. For all participants trials with a landmark were easier than without a landmark and trials without a delay were easier than with a delay. While controls were above chance on all trials patients were at chance in allocentric trials without a landmark present and with a memory delay. Patients showed no difference in the ego- and the allocentric condition. Together the findings suggest that despite the amnesia, spatial memory and especially the use of ego- and allocentric reference frames in Korsakoff patients are spared.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriele Janzen
- Behavioral Science Institute, Radboud University Nijmegen, Nijmegen, Netherlands.,Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behavior, Radboud University Nijmegen, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Claudette J M van Roij
- Centre of Excellence for Neuropsychiatry, Vincent van Gogh Institute for Psychiatry, Venray, Netherlands
| | - Joukje M Oosterman
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behavior, Radboud University Nijmegen, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Roy P C Kessels
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behavior, Radboud University Nijmegen, Nijmegen, Netherlands.,Centre of Excellence for Korsakoff and Alcohol-Related Cognitive Disorders, Vincent van Gogh Institute for Psychiatry, Venray, Netherlands.,Department of Medical Psychology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
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22
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van Rooden S, van den Berg-Huysmans AA, Croll PH, Labadie G, Hayes JM, Viviano R, van der Grond J, Rombouts SARB, Damoiseaux JS. Subjective Cognitive Decline Is Associated with Greater White Matter Hyperintensity Volume. J Alzheimers Dis 2019; 66:1283-1294. [PMID: 30412485 PMCID: PMC6294575 DOI: 10.3233/jad-180285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Research in older adults with subjective cognitive decline (SCD) has mainly focused on Alzheimer's disease (AD)-related MRI markers, such as hippocampal volume. However, small vessel disease (SVD) is currently established as serious comorbidity in dementia and its preliminary stages. It is therefore important to examine SVD markers in addition to AD markers in older adults presenting with SCD. OBJECTIVE The aim of our study was to elucidate the role of SVD markers in late middle-aged to older adults with and without SCD in addition to the commonly found role of AD markers (hippocampal volume). METHODS 67 healthy late middle-aged to older adults participated in this study (mean age 68 years); 25 participants with SCD and 42 participants without SCD. We evaluated quantitative as well as qualitative AD markers (i.e., hippocampal volume and medial temporal lobe atrophy (MTA) scale) and SVD markers (i.e., white matter hyperintensities (WMH) volume, Fazekas scale, microbleeds, and lacunar infarcts), and neuropsychological function and amount of memory complaints. RESULTS We found a significant effect of SCD on hippocampal atrophy, as assessed using the MTA scale, but not on hippocampal volume. In addition, we found a significant effect of SCD, and amount of memory complaints, on WMH volume and Fazekas score, suggesting larger WMH volumes in participants with SCD. CONCLUSION SVD MRI markers are related to amount of memory complaints, in addition to the commonly observed AD MRI markers, as demonstrated by the greater WMHs in healthy late middle-aged to older adults with SCD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanneke van Rooden
- Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands.,Institute of Psychology, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | | | - Pauline H Croll
- Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Gerda Labadie
- Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Jessica M Hayes
- Institute of Gerontology and Department of Psychology, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Raymond Viviano
- Institute of Gerontology and Department of Psychology, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Jeroen van der Grond
- Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Serge A R B Rombouts
- Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands.,Institute of Psychology, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Jessica S Damoiseaux
- Institute of Gerontology and Department of Psychology, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA.,Institute of Psychology, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands
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23
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Tay L, Leung B, Yeo A, Chan M, Lim WS. Elevations in Serum Dickkopf-1 and Disease Progression in Community-Dwelling Older Adults With Mild Cognitive Impairment and Mild-to-Moderate Alzheimer's Disease. Front Aging Neurosci 2019; 11:278. [PMID: 31680933 PMCID: PMC6803458 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2019.00278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2019] [Accepted: 09/26/2019] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Disruption of Wnt signaling has been implicated in dysfunctional synaptic plasticity, the degree of which correlates with Alzheimer's disease severity. We sought to examine whether serum levels of Dickkopf-1 (Dkk-1), a Wnt antagonist, are associated with global disease progression in older adults with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and mild-to-moderate AD. Methods: We prospectively followed 88 older adults with MCI and mild-to-moderate AD attending a Memory Clinic. Cognitive performance, functional performance and neuropsychological symptoms were assessed at baseline and after 1 year. We reviewed neuroimaging for white matter changes and medial temporal atrophy, and performed ApoE genotyping at baseline. Serum Dkk-1 was assayed at baseline and 1 year, along with blood biomarkers of inflammation and endocrine dysfunction. We defined global disease progression ("progressors") as an increase in Clinical Dementia Rating Sum-of-Boxes (CDR-SB) score by >2 points at 1 year. Results: Fifteen (17.0%) participants had global disease progression. At baseline, there was no difference in cognitive performance and neuropsychiatric symptoms between groups, although progressors were more impaired in instrumental activities of daily living (p = 0.008). Progressors had significantly greater deterioration in cognitive performance (p = 0.002), with significantly worse functional performance and more severe neuropsychiatric symptoms (p = 0.042) at follow-up. Serum inflammatory and endocrine biomarkers at baseline and 1 year were similar between progressors and non-progressors. Serum Dkk-1 had increased significantly from baseline amongst progressors, while non-progressors exhibited decremental Dkk-1 over time (Dkk-1change: 354.304 ± 670.467 vs. -173.582 ± 535.676 ng/ml, p = 0.001). Adjusting for age, gender and baseline cognitive performance, incremental Dkk-1 independently predicted global cognitive decline (p = 0.012). Conclusion: Our results suggest progressively dysfunctional Wnt signaling through Dkk-1 antagonism contributes to disease progression amongst older adults with MCI and mild-moderate AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Tay
- Department of General Medicine, Sengkang General Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Bernard Leung
- Department of Rheumatology, Allergy and Immunology, Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Singapore, Singapore.,Health and Social Sciences, Singapore Institute of Technology, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Audrey Yeo
- Institute of Geriatrics and Active Ageing, Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Mark Chan
- Institute of Geriatrics and Active Ageing, Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Singapore, Singapore.,Department of Geriatric Medicine, Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Wee Shiong Lim
- Institute of Geriatrics and Active Ageing, Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Singapore, Singapore.,Department of Geriatric Medicine, Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
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24
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Falgàs N, Sánchez-Valle R, Bargalló N, Balasa M, Fernández-Villullas G, Bosch B, Olives J, Tort-Merino A, Antonell A, Muñoz-García C, León M, Grau O, Castellví M, Coll-Padrós N, Rami L, Redolfi A, Lladó A. Hippocampal atrophy has limited usefulness as a diagnostic biomarker on the early onset Alzheimer's disease patients: A comparison between visual and quantitative assessment. NEUROIMAGE-CLINICAL 2019; 23:101927. [PMID: 31491836 PMCID: PMC6627030 DOI: 10.1016/j.nicl.2019.101927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2018] [Revised: 06/11/2019] [Accepted: 06/30/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
NIA-AA diagnostic criteria include volumetric or visual rating measures of hippocampal atrophy (HA) as a diagnostic biomarker of Alzheimer's disease (AD). We aimed to determine its utility as a diagnostic biomarker for early onset Alzheimer's disease (EOAD) by assessing Medial Temporal Atrophy (MTA) and hippocampal volume (HV) determination. MTA score and HV quantified by FreeSurfer were assessed in 140 (aged ≤65) subjects with biomarker supported diagnosis: 38 amnesic (A-EOAD), 20 non-amnesic (NA-EOAD), 30 late onset AD (LOAD), 20 fronto-temporal dementia (FTD) and 32 healthy controls (HC). The results showed that the proportion of MTA ≥ 1.5 was higher on LOAD and FTD than EOAD and HC but none of the MTA thresholds (≥1, ≥1.5 and ≥ 2) showed acceptable diagnostic accuracy. LOAD had lower HV than the other groups. A-EOAD HV was lower than NA-EOAD and HC but equal to FTD. The 6258 mm3 cut-off showed good diagnostic accuracy between A-EOAD and HC. Both tools showed a moderate inverse correlation. In conclusion, MTA has a limited diagnostic utility as an EOAD biomarker as it does not discriminate AD from FTD or HC in initial symptomatic stages. HV may discriminate A-EOAD from HC but not from FTD. FTD had higher MTA scores than AD patients. MTA scores visual assessment had low diagnostic performance in EOAD. Amnesic EOAD patients had lower hippocampal volume than the non-amnesic ones. Quantitative assessment only discriminate between amnesic EOAD from controls.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neus Falgàs
- Alzheimer's disease and other cognitive disorders Unit, Neurology department, IDIBAPS, Hospital Clínic, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Raquel Sánchez-Valle
- Alzheimer's disease and other cognitive disorders Unit, Neurology department, IDIBAPS, Hospital Clínic, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Núria Bargalló
- Imaging Diagnostic Center, Hospital Clínic, Barcelona, Spain; Magnetic Resonance Image Core Facility, IDIBAPS, Spain
| | - Mircea Balasa
- Alzheimer's disease and other cognitive disorders Unit, Neurology department, IDIBAPS, Hospital Clínic, Barcelona, Spain; Atlantic Fellow for Equity in Brain Health, Global Brain Health Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Ireland
| | - Guadalupe Fernández-Villullas
- Alzheimer's disease and other cognitive disorders Unit, Neurology department, IDIBAPS, Hospital Clínic, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Beatriz Bosch
- Alzheimer's disease and other cognitive disorders Unit, Neurology department, IDIBAPS, Hospital Clínic, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jaume Olives
- Alzheimer's disease and other cognitive disorders Unit, Neurology department, IDIBAPS, Hospital Clínic, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Adrià Tort-Merino
- Alzheimer's disease and other cognitive disorders Unit, Neurology department, IDIBAPS, Hospital Clínic, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Anna Antonell
- Alzheimer's disease and other cognitive disorders Unit, Neurology department, IDIBAPS, Hospital Clínic, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Cristina Muñoz-García
- Alzheimer's disease and other cognitive disorders Unit, Neurology department, IDIBAPS, Hospital Clínic, Barcelona, Spain
| | - María León
- Alzheimer's disease and other cognitive disorders Unit, Neurology department, IDIBAPS, Hospital Clínic, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Oriol Grau
- Alzheimer's disease and other cognitive disorders Unit, Neurology department, IDIBAPS, Hospital Clínic, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Magdalena Castellví
- Alzheimer's disease and other cognitive disorders Unit, Neurology department, IDIBAPS, Hospital Clínic, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Nina Coll-Padrós
- Alzheimer's disease and other cognitive disorders Unit, Neurology department, IDIBAPS, Hospital Clínic, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Lorena Rami
- Alzheimer's disease and other cognitive disorders Unit, Neurology department, IDIBAPS, Hospital Clínic, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Alberto Redolfi
- Laboratory of Alzheimer's Neuroimaging and Epidemiology - LANE, IRCCS Istituto Centro San Giovanni di Dio Fatebenefratelli, Brescia, Italy
| | - Albert Lladó
- Alzheimer's disease and other cognitive disorders Unit, Neurology department, IDIBAPS, Hospital Clínic, Barcelona, Spain.
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25
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Thordardottir S, Graff C. Findings from the Swedish Study on Familial Alzheimer's Disease Including the APP Swedish Double Mutation. J Alzheimers Dis 2019; 64:S491-S496. [PMID: 29614673 DOI: 10.3233/jad-179922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
This is a brief summary of the findings from the Swedish study on familial Alzheimer's disease (FAD). Similar to other FAD studies, it includes prospective assessments of cognitive function, tissue sampling, and technical analyses such as MRI and PET. This 24-year-old study involves 69 individuals with a 50% risk of inheriting a disease-causing mutation in presenilin 1 (PSEN1 H163Y or I143T), or amyloid precursor protein (the Swedish APP or the arctic APP mutation) who have made a total of 169 visits. Our results show the extraordinary power in this study design to unravel the earliest changes in preclinical AD. The Swedish FAD study will continue and future research will focus on disentangling the order of pathological change using longitudinal data as well as modeling the changes in patient derived cell systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steinunn Thordardottir
- Department of NVS, Division for Neurogeriatrics, Karolinska Institutet, Center for Alzheimer Research, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Caroline Graff
- Department of NVS, Division for Neurogeriatrics, Karolinska Institutet, Center for Alzheimer Research, Huddinge, Sweden.,Theme Aging, Genetics Unit, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
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26
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Asselin A, Potvin O, Bouchard LO, Brisson M, Duchesne S. Validation of an Magnetic Resonance Imaging Acquisition and Review Protocol for Alzheimer's Disease and Related Disorders. Can Assoc Radiol J 2019; 70:172-180. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carj.2018.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2018] [Revised: 09/04/2018] [Accepted: 10/08/2018] [Indexed: 10/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the brain allows for the identification of structural lesions typical of Alzheimer's disease (AD), the main cause of dementia. However, to have a clinical impact, it is imperative that acquisition and reporting of this MRI-based evidence be standardized, ensuring the highest possible reliability and reproducibility. Our objective was to validate a systematic radiological MRI acquisition and review process in the context of AD. Methods We included 100 individuals with a suspicion of dementia due to AD for whom MRI were acquired using our proposed protocol of clinically achievable acquisitions and used a unified reading grid to gather semi-quantitative evidence guiding diagnostic. MRIs were read by 3 raters with different experience levels. Interrater reliability was measured using Cohen's kappa statistic. Results Interrater reliability average for lesions occupying space, hemorrhage, or ischemia, was respectively 0.754, 0.715, and 0.501. Average reliability of white matter hyperintensity burden (Fazekas), global cortical atrophy, and temporal lobe atrophy (Scheltens) scales was 0.687, 0.473, and 0.621 (right)/0.599 (left), respectively. The kappas for regional cortical atrophy (frontal, parietal, occipital, temporal, and posterior cingulum) varied from 0.281–0.678. The average MRI reading time varied between 1.43-5.22 minutes. Conclusions The presence of space occupying lesions, hemorrhagic or ischemic phenomena, and radiological scales have a good interrater reproducibility in MRI. Coupled with standardized acquisitions, such a protocol should be used when evaluating possible dementias, especially those due to probable AD.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Mélanie Brisson
- Centre hospitalier universitaire de Québec, Quebec City, Canada
- Radiology Department, Université Laval, Quebec City, Canada
| | - Simon Duchesne
- CERVO Brain Research Centre, Quebec City, Canada
- Radiology Department, Université Laval, Quebec City, Canada
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27
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Li F, Takechi H, Saito R, Ayaki T, Kokuryu A, Kuzuya A, Takahashi R. A comparative study: visual rating scores and the voxel-based specific regional analysis system for Alzheimer's disease on magnetic resonance imaging among subjects with Alzheimer's disease, mild cognitive impairment, and normal cognition. Psychogeriatrics 2019; 19:95-104. [PMID: 30276926 DOI: 10.1111/psyg.12370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2018] [Revised: 07/13/2018] [Accepted: 07/31/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
AIM Hippocampal atrophy shown on magnetic resonance imaging can differentiate Alzheimer's disease (AD) patients from subjects with normal cognition (NC). Simplified automated methods that use volumetric analysis, such as as the voxel-based specific regional analysis system for AD, have become widely used in Japan. However, the diagnostic value of the voxel-based specific regional analysis system compared with visual rating scores for clinical diagnosis is unclear. METHODS Study participants consisted of 37 AD patients, 29 mild cognitive impairment (MCI) patients, and 21 NC subjects. All participants underwent neuropsychological testing and magnetic resonance imaging. The imaging was scored visually for regional brain atrophy by two raters based on a newly developed visual rating score. The voxel-based specific regional analysis system for AD scores were calculated with the analysis system's advanced software. We analyzed whether these scores aid in discriminating among AD, MCI, and NC. RESULTS The AD group had significantly different visual rating scores, regional analysis scores, and all neuropsychological test scores than the NC group. The AD group had significantly different visual rating scores than the MCI group, and a significant difference was observed between the MCI and NC groups on regional analysis scores. Both the visual rating and regional analysis scores showed equivalent correlations with the neuropsychological test scores. CONCLUSIONS Both the visual rating and regional analysis scores are clinically useful tools for differentiating among AD, MCI, and NC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangzhou Li
- Department of Neurology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Hajime Takechi
- Department of Neurology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan.,Department of Geriatrics and Cognitive Disorders, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Toyoake, Japan
| | - Ryuji Saito
- Department of Neurology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Takashi Ayaki
- Department of Neurology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Atsuko Kokuryu
- Department of Neurology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Akira Kuzuya
- Department of Neurology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Ryosuke Takahashi
- Department of Neurology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
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28
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Tigano V, Cascini GL, Sanchez-Castañeda C, Péran P, Sabatini U. Neuroimaging and Neurolaw: Drawing the Future of Aging. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2019; 10:217. [PMID: 31024455 PMCID: PMC6463811 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2019.00217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2018] [Accepted: 03/18/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Human brain-aging is a complex, multidimensional phenomenon. Knowledge of the numerous aspects that revolve around it is therefore essential if not only the medical issues, but also the social, psychological, and legal issues related to this phenomenon are to be managed correctly. In the coming decades, it will be necessary to find solutions to the management of the progressive aging of the population so as to increase the number of individuals that achieve successful aging. The aim of this article is to provide a current overview of the physiopathology of brain aging and of the role and perspectives of neuroimaging in this context. The progressive development of neuroimaging has opened new perspectives in clinical and basic research and it has modified the concept of brain aging. Neuroimaging will play an increasingly important role in the definition of the individual's brain aging in every phase of the physiological and pathological process. However, when the process involved in age-related brain cognitive diseases is being investigated, factors that might affect this process on a clinical and behavioral level (genetic susceptibility, risks factors, endocrine changes) cannot be ignored but must, on the contrary, be integrated into a neuroimaging evaluation to ensure a correct and global management, and they are therefore discussed in this article. Neuroimaging appears important to the correct management of age-related brain cognitive diseases not only within a medical perspective, but also legal, according to a wider approach based on development of relationship between neuroscience and law. The term neurolaw, the neologism born from the relationship between these two disciplines, is an emerging field of study, that deals with various issues in the impact of neurosciences on individual rights. Neuroimaging, enhancing the detection of physiological and pathological brain aging, could give an important contribution to the field of neurolaw in elderly where the full control of cognitive and volitional functions is necessary to maintain a whole series of rights linked to legal capacity. For this reason, in order to provide the clinician and researcher with a broad view of the brain-aging process, the role of neurolaw will be introduced into the brain-aging context.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincenzo Tigano
- Department of Juridical, Historical, Economic and Social Sciences, University of Magna Graecia, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Lucio Cascini
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Magna Graecia, Catanzaro, Italy
| | | | - Patrice Péran
- ToNIC, Toulouse NeuroImaging Center, Université de Toulouse, Inserm, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Umberto Sabatini
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Magna Graecia, Catanzaro, Italy
- *Correspondence: Umberto Sabatini
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29
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Kontaxopoulou D, Beratis IN, Fragkiadaki S, Pavlou D, Andronas N, Yannis G, Economou A, Papanicolaou AC, Papageorgiou SG. Exploring the Profile of Incidental Memory in Patients with Amnestic Mild Cognitive Impairment and Mild Alzheimer’s Disease. J Alzheimers Dis 2018; 65:617-627. [DOI: 10.3233/jad-180328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dionysia Kontaxopoulou
- Cognitive Disorders/Dementia Unit, 2nd Department of Neurology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, “Attikon” University General Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Ion N. Beratis
- Cognitive Disorders/Dementia Unit, 2nd Department of Neurology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, “Attikon” University General Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Stella Fragkiadaki
- Cognitive Disorders/Dementia Unit, 2nd Department of Neurology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, “Attikon” University General Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Dimosthenis Pavlou
- Department of Transportation Planning and Engineering, National Technical University of Athens, School of Civil Engineering, Athens, Greece
| | - Nikos Andronas
- Cognitive Disorders/Dementia Unit, 2nd Department of Neurology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, “Attikon” University General Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - George Yannis
- Department of Transportation Planning and Engineering, National Technical University of Athens, School of Civil Engineering, Athens, Greece
| | - Alexandra Economou
- Department of Psychology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis, Athens, Greece
| | | | - Sokratis G. Papageorgiou
- Cognitive Disorders/Dementia Unit, 2nd Department of Neurology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, “Attikon” University General Hospital, Athens, Greece
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Kaneko T, Mitsui T, Kaneko K, Kadoya M. New longitudinal Visual Rating Scale Identifies Structural Alterations in People with Mild Cognitive Impairment and Those who are Cognitively Normal. INT J GERONTOL 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijge.2018.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022] Open
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31
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Claus JJ, Coenen M, Staekenborg SS, Schuur J, Tielkes CE, Koster P, Scheltens P. Cerebral White Matter Lesions have Low Impact on Cognitive Function in a Large Elderly Memory Clinic Population. J Alzheimers Dis 2018; 63:1129-1139. [DOI: 10.3233/jad-171111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jules J. Claus
- Department of Neurology, Tergooi Hospitals, Blaricum, The Netherlands
| | - Mirthe Coenen
- Department of Neurology, Tergooi Hospitals, Blaricum, The Netherlands
| | - Salka S. Staekenborg
- Department of Neurology, Tergooi Hospitals, Blaricum, The Netherlands
- Department of Neurology, Alzheimer Center, VU University Medical Center, Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jacqueline Schuur
- Department of Geriatrics, Tergooi Hospitals, Blaricum, The Netherlands
| | | | - Pieter Koster
- Department of Radiology, Tergooi Hospitals, Blaricum, The Netherlands
| | - Philip Scheltens
- Department of Neurology, Alzheimer Center, VU University Medical Center, Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Zhang T, Duan Y, Ye J, Xu W, Shu N, Wang C, Li K, Liu Y. Brain MRI Characteristics of Patients with Anti- N-Methyl-D-Aspartate Receptor Encephalitis and Their Associations with 2-Year Clinical Outcome. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 2018; 39:824-829. [PMID: 29567651 DOI: 10.3174/ajnr.a5593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2017] [Accepted: 01/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Anti-N-methyl-D-aspertate receptor encephalitis is an autoimmune-mediated disease without specific brain MRI features. Our aim was to investigate the brain MR imaging characteristics of anti-N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor encephalitis and their associations with clinical outcome at a 2-year follow-up. MATERIALS AND METHODS We enrolled 53 patients with anti-N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor encephalitis and performed 2-year follow-up. Brain MRIs were acquired for all patients at the onset phase. The brain MR imaging manifestations were classified into 4 types: type 1: normal MR imaging findings; type 2: only hippocampal lesions; type 3: lesions not involving the hippocampus; and type 4: lesions in both the hippocampus and other brain areas. The modified Rankin Scale score at 2-year follow-up was assessed, and the association between the mRS and onset brain MR imaging characteristics was evaluated. RESULTS Twenty-eight (28/53, 53%) patients had normal MR imaging findings (type 1), and the others (25/53, 47%) had abnormal MRI findings: type 2: 7 patients (13%); type 3: seven patients (13%); and type 4: eleven patients (21%). Normal brain MRI findings were more common in female patients (P = .02). Psychiatric and behavioral abnormalities were more common in adults (P = .015), and autonomic symptoms (P = .025) were more common in pediatric patients. The presence of hippocampal lesions (P = .008, OR = 9.584; 95% CI, 1.803-50.931) and relapse (P = .043, OR = 0.111; 95% CI, 0.013-0.930) was associated with poor outcome. CONCLUSIONS Normal brain MRI findings were observed in half of the patients. Lesions in the hippocampus were the most common MR imaging abnormal finding. The presence of hippocampal lesions is the main MR imaging predictor for poor prognosis in patients with anti-N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor encephalitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Zhang
- From the Departments of Radiology (T.Z., K.L.)
| | - Y Duan
- Department of Radiology (Y.D., Y.L.), Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, P.R. China
- Tiantan Image Research Center (Y.D., Y.L.), China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - J Ye
- Neurology (J.Y., W.X.), Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - W Xu
- Neurology (J.Y., W.X.), Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - N Shu
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning and International Data Group/McGovern Institute for Brain Research (N.S., C.W.), Beijing Normal University, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - C Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning and International Data Group/McGovern Institute for Brain Research (N.S., C.W.), Beijing Normal University, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - K Li
- From the Departments of Radiology (T.Z., K.L.)
- Beijing Key Lab of MRI and Brain Informatics (K.L.), Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Y Liu
- Department of Radiology (Y.D., Y.L.), Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, P.R. China
- Tiantan Image Research Center (Y.D., Y.L.), China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing, P.R. China
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Coronal CT is Comparable to MR Imaging in Aiding Diagnosis of Dementia in a Memory Clinic in Singapore. Alzheimer Dis Assoc Disord 2018; 32:94-100. [DOI: 10.1097/wad.0000000000000227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Association of nutrition and immune-endocrine dysfunction with muscle mass and performance in cognitively impaired older adults. Arch Gerontol Geriatr 2018; 75:20-27. [DOI: 10.1016/j.archger.2017.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2017] [Revised: 10/08/2017] [Accepted: 11/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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Delgado-González JC, Florensa-Vila J, Mansilla-Legorburo F, Insausti R, Artacho-Pérula E. Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Anatomical Correlation of Human Temporal Lobe Landmarks, in 3D Euclidean Space: A Study of Control and Alzheimer's Disease Subjects. J Alzheimers Dis 2018; 57:461-473. [PMID: 28269774 DOI: 10.3233/jad-160944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The medial temporal lobe (MTL), and in particular the hippocampal formation, is essential in the processing and consolidation of declarative memory. The 3D environment of the anatomical structures contained in the MTL is an important issue. OBJECTIVE Our aim was to explore the spatial relationship of the anatomical structures of the MTL and changes in aging and/or Alzheimer's disease (AD). METHODS MTL anatomical landmarks are identified and registered to create a 3D network. The brain network is quantitatively described as a plane, rostrocaudally-oriented, and presenting Euclidean/real distances. Correspondence between 1.5T RM, 3T RM, and histological sections were assessed to determine the most important recognizable changes in AD, based on statistical significance. RESULTS In both 1.5T and 3T RM images and histology, inter-rater reliability was high. Sex and hemisphere had no influence on network pattern. Minor changes were found in relation to aging. Distances from the temporal pole to the dentate gyrus showed the most significant differences when comparing control and AD groups. The best discriminative distance between control and AD cases was found in the temporal pole/dentate gyrus rostrocaudal length in histological sections. Moreover, more distances between landmarks were required to obtain 100% discrimination between control (divided into <65 years or >65 years) and AD cases. DISCUSSION Changes in the distance between MTL anatomical landmarks can successfully be detected by using measurements of 3D network patterns in control and AD cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- José-Carlos Delgado-González
- Human Neuroanatomy Laboratory and C.R.I.B., School of Medicine, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Albacete, Spain
| | - José Florensa-Vila
- Radiodiagnostic Service, Hospital Nacional de Parapléjicos (HNP), Toledo, Spain
| | - Francisco Mansilla-Legorburo
- Radiology Service, Magnetic Resonance Unit, Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Albacete (CHUA), Albacete, Spain
| | - Ricardo Insausti
- Human Neuroanatomy Laboratory and C.R.I.B., School of Medicine, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Albacete, Spain
| | - Emilio Artacho-Pérula
- Human Neuroanatomy Laboratory and C.R.I.B., School of Medicine, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Albacete, Spain
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White matter hyperintensities on MRI in dementia with Lewy bodies, Parkinson's disease with dementia, and Alzheimer's disease. J Neurol Sci 2018; 385:99-104. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jns.2017.12.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2017] [Revised: 12/14/2017] [Accepted: 12/17/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Matsudaira T, Omote Y, Terada T, Kondo A, Obi T, Ouchi Y, Inoue Y. Reversible amygdala enlargement: a longitudinal observation of a patient with elderly onset temporal lobe epilepsy. J Neurol 2017; 264:2487-2490. [PMID: 29067519 DOI: 10.1007/s00415-017-8649-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2017] [Revised: 09/28/2017] [Accepted: 09/30/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Matsudaira
- National Epilepsy Center, Shizuoka Institute of Epilepsy and Neurological Disorders, NHO, 886 Urushiyama, Aoi-ku, Shizuoka, 420-8688, Japan.
| | - Yoshio Omote
- National Epilepsy Center, Shizuoka Institute of Epilepsy and Neurological Disorders, NHO, 886 Urushiyama, Aoi-ku, Shizuoka, 420-8688, Japan
| | - Tatsuhiro Terada
- National Epilepsy Center, Shizuoka Institute of Epilepsy and Neurological Disorders, NHO, 886 Urushiyama, Aoi-ku, Shizuoka, 420-8688, Japan
- Department of Biofunctional Imaging, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Japan
| | - Akihiko Kondo
- National Epilepsy Center, Shizuoka Institute of Epilepsy and Neurological Disorders, NHO, 886 Urushiyama, Aoi-ku, Shizuoka, 420-8688, Japan
| | - Tomokazu Obi
- National Epilepsy Center, Shizuoka Institute of Epilepsy and Neurological Disorders, NHO, 886 Urushiyama, Aoi-ku, Shizuoka, 420-8688, Japan
| | - Yasuomi Ouchi
- Department of Biofunctional Imaging, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Japan
| | - Yushi Inoue
- National Epilepsy Center, Shizuoka Institute of Epilepsy and Neurological Disorders, NHO, 886 Urushiyama, Aoi-ku, Shizuoka, 420-8688, Japan
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Evaluation and clinical correlation of practical cut-offs for visual rating scales of atrophy: normal aging versus mild cognitive impairment and Alzheimer's disease. Acta Neurol Belg 2017; 117:661-669. [PMID: 28397182 DOI: 10.1007/s13760-017-0777-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2016] [Accepted: 03/22/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Age-related brain atrophy is a common finding, but neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease are associated with accelerated atrophy of the medial temporal lobe. In current practice for brain atrophy evaluation, several rating scales are being used such as the medial temporal atrophy (MTA), global cortical atrophy-frontal subscale (GCA-F) and posterior atrophy (PA) scales. Practical cut-offs to differentiate between normal and advanced brain atrophy are needed, because of their possible usefulness as a biomarker. A retrospective study was performed over a 1-year period resulting in a total of 79 subjects [27 patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD), 27 patients with minimal cognitive impairment (MCI) and 25 control subjects]. The MTA, GCA-F and PA scales were applied blinded and independent by two raters. Possible age- and disease-related cut-offs were computed. The MTA scale showed significantly better diagnostic performances and inter-rater agreement than the PA and GCA-F scales. We could not confirm the suggested MTA cut-off for each decade. However, an MTA score of >1 and >1.75 was considered pathological, respectively, in the population under and over 70 years. MTA can be of use in making distinction between age-related atrophy and abnormal increase of atrophy. Systematic assessment of regional brain atrophy through the use of MTA in MRI images could be a useful biomarker in aiding the early diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease.
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Guo H, Siu W, D'Arcy RC, Black SE, Grajauskas LA, Singh S, Zhang Y, Rockwood K, Song X. MRI assessment of whole-brain structural changes in aging. Clin Interv Aging 2017; 12:1251-1270. [PMID: 28848333 PMCID: PMC5557118 DOI: 10.2147/cia.s139515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose One of the central features of brain aging is the accumulation of multiple age-related structural changes, which occur heterogeneously in individuals and can have immediate or potential clinical consequences. Each of these deficits can coexist and interact, producing both independent and additive impacts on brain health. Many of the changes can be visualized using MRI. To collectively assess whole-brain structural changes, the MRI-based Brain Atrophy and Lesion Index (BALI) has been developed. In this study, we validate this whole-brain health assessment approach using several clinical MRI examinations. Materials and methods Data came from three independent studies: the Alzheimer’s Disease Neuroimaging Initiative Phase II (n=950; women =47.9%; age =72.7±7.4 years); the National Alzheimer’s Coordinating Center (n=722; women =55.1%; age =72.7±9.9 years); and the Tianjin Medical University General Hospital Research database on older adults (n=170; women =60.0%; age =62.9±9.3 years). The 3.0-Tesla MRI scans were evaluated using the BALI rating scheme on the basis of T1-weighted (T1WI), T2-weighted (T2WI), T2-weighted fluid-attenuated inversion recovery (T2-FLAIR), and T2*-weighted gradient-recalled echo (T2*GRE) images. Results Atrophy and lesion changes were commonly seen in each MRI test. The BALI scores based on different sequences were highly correlated (Spearman r2>0.69; P<0.00001). They were associated with age (r2>0.29; P<0.00001) and differed by cognitive status (χ2>26.48, P<0.00001). T2-FLAIR revealed a greater level of periventricular (χ2=29.09) and deep white matter (χ2=26.65, P<0.001) lesions than others, but missed revealing certain dilated perivascular spaces that were seen in T2WI (P<0.001). Microhemorrhages occurred in 15.3% of the sample examined and were detected using only T2*GRE. Conclusion The T1WI- and T2WI-based BALI evaluations consistently identified the burden of aging and dementia-related decline of structural brain health. Inclusion of additional MRI tests increased lesion differentiation. Further research is to integrate MRI tests for a clinical tool to aid the diagnosis and intervention of brain aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Guo
- Health Sciences and Innovation, ImageTech Laboratory, Fraser Health Authority, Surrey, BC, Canada.,Department of Diagnostic Imaging, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - William Siu
- Health Sciences and Innovation, ImageTech Laboratory, Fraser Health Authority, Surrey, BC, Canada.,Department of Medical Imaging, Fraser Health Authority, Surrey
| | - Ryan Cn D'Arcy
- Health Sciences and Innovation, ImageTech Laboratory, Fraser Health Authority, Surrey, BC, Canada.,Departments of Applied Sciences and Computing Science, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC
| | - Sandra E Black
- Department of Medicine (Neurology).,LC Campbell Cognitive Neurology Research Unit, Hurvitz Brain Sciences Research Program, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre & University of Toronto, Toronto, ON
| | - Lukas A Grajauskas
- Health Sciences and Innovation, ImageTech Laboratory, Fraser Health Authority, Surrey, BC, Canada.,Departments of Applied Sciences and Computing Science, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC
| | - Sonia Singh
- Department of Family Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC.,Department of Research and Evaluation, Fraser Health, Surrey, BC
| | - Yunting Zhang
- Department of Diagnostic Imaging, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Kenneth Rockwood
- Department of Medicine (Geriatric Medicine), Dalhousie University.,Centre for Healthcare of the Elderly, Nova Scotia Health Authority, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | - Xiaowei Song
- Health Sciences and Innovation, ImageTech Laboratory, Fraser Health Authority, Surrey, BC, Canada.,Departments of Applied Sciences and Computing Science, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC.,Department of Medicine (Geriatric Medicine), Dalhousie University
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40
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Magnin E, Dumurgier J, Bouaziz-Amar E, Bombois S, Wallon D, Gabelle A, Lehmann S, Blanc F, Bousiges O, Hannequin D, Jung B, Miguet-Alfonsi C, Quillard M, Pasquier F, Peoc’h K, Laplanche JL, Hugon J, Paquet C. Les biomarqueurs du liquide cérébro-spinal dans la maladie d’Alzheimer : un outil de recherche utile dans la pratique clinique courante des consultations mémoire pour les cas complexes. Rev Med Interne 2017; 38:250-255. [DOI: 10.1016/j.revmed.2016.10.383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2016] [Revised: 07/19/2016] [Accepted: 10/18/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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Nair PP, Menon RN, Radhakrishnan A, Cherian A, Abraham M, Vilanilam G, Kesavadas C, Thomas B, Alexander A, Thomas SV. Is 'burned-out hippocampus' syndrome a distinct electro-clinical variant of MTLE-HS syndrome? Epilepsy Behav 2017; 69:53-58. [PMID: 28235654 DOI: 10.1016/j.yebeh.2017.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2016] [Revised: 12/28/2016] [Accepted: 01/06/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
AIM To study the clinical, electrophysiological and imaging characteristics of patients with unilateral mesial temporal lobe epilepsy (MTLE) with contralateral ictal onset on scalp EEG, viz. 'burned-out hippocampus' syndrome (MTLE-BHS). METHODS MTLE-BHS was defined as TLE with unilateral hippocampal sclerosis (HS) without any dual pathology on MRI and contralateral ictal onset on scalp EEG, unlike in classical hippocampal sclerosis (HS). Consecutive "MTLE-BHS" patients evaluated at our Centre for Comprehensive Epilepsy Care from January 2005 to July 2014 were studied. Twenty-five cases of classic MTLE-HS operated during the same period were also analyzed for comparison. RESULTS Seventeen patients were diagnosed to have MTLE-BHS. Mean age of seizure onset was 9.5±7.7years and the mean duration of epilepsy was18.2±7.3years. Epigastric aura was more common in MTLE-HS and fear, secondary generalized seizures and temporal polar changes on MRI were more prevalent in the MTLE-BHS subgroup. In the latter group, five (29%) exhibited seizure semiology and 2 (12%) had interictal discharges discordant to the side of MTS. Eight (47%) patients in the MTLE-BHS sub-group had normal medial temporal volume on Scheltens scale. Eight patients among MTLE-BHS underwent surgery (4 following intracranial monitoring that localized to the side of HS) with Engel class I outcome at 1year follow-up in 6 and Engel class II outcome in 2. CONCLUSION Attenuation of ipsilateral fast ictal rhythms on scalp EEG as well as neocortical changes are likely to be deterministic factors for MTLE-BHS as opposed to the severity of hippocampal atrophy. Considering good post-operative outcomes, intracranial monitoring for surgical selection is not mandatory in MTLE-BHS despite discordant semiology and ictal onset, in the presence of inter-ictal, functional imaging and neuropsychology data concordant to the side of HS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pradeep P Nair
- Dept. of Neurology, Jawaharlal Institute of Post Graduate Medical Education & Research, Puducherry 605006, India
| | - Ramshekhar N Menon
- R Madhavan Nayar Centre for Comprehensive Epilepsy Care, Department of Neurology, SreeChitraTirunal Institute for Medical Sciences and Technology, Thiruvananthapuram 695011, India.
| | - Ashalatha Radhakrishnan
- R Madhavan Nayar Centre for Comprehensive Epilepsy Care, Department of Neurology, SreeChitraTirunal Institute for Medical Sciences and Technology, Thiruvananthapuram 695011, India
| | - Ajit Cherian
- R Madhavan Nayar Centre for Comprehensive Epilepsy Care, Department of Neurology, SreeChitraTirunal Institute for Medical Sciences and Technology, Thiruvananthapuram 695011, India
| | - Mathew Abraham
- R Madhavan Nayar Centre for Comprehensive Epilepsy Care, Department of Neurology, SreeChitraTirunal Institute for Medical Sciences and Technology, Thiruvananthapuram 695011, India
| | - George Vilanilam
- R Madhavan Nayar Centre for Comprehensive Epilepsy Care, Department of Neurology, SreeChitraTirunal Institute for Medical Sciences and Technology, Thiruvananthapuram 695011, India
| | - C Kesavadas
- R Madhavan Nayar Centre for Comprehensive Epilepsy Care, Department of Neurology, SreeChitraTirunal Institute for Medical Sciences and Technology, Thiruvananthapuram 695011, India
| | - Bejoy Thomas
- R Madhavan Nayar Centre for Comprehensive Epilepsy Care, Department of Neurology, SreeChitraTirunal Institute for Medical Sciences and Technology, Thiruvananthapuram 695011, India
| | - Aley Alexander
- R Madhavan Nayar Centre for Comprehensive Epilepsy Care, Department of Neurology, SreeChitraTirunal Institute for Medical Sciences and Technology, Thiruvananthapuram 695011, India
| | - Sanjeev V Thomas
- R Madhavan Nayar Centre for Comprehensive Epilepsy Care, Department of Neurology, SreeChitraTirunal Institute for Medical Sciences and Technology, Thiruvananthapuram 695011, India
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Dekeyzer S, De Kock I, Nikoubashman O, Vanden Bossche S, Van Eetvelde R, De Groote J, Acou M, Wiesmann M, Deblaere K, Achten E. "Unforgettable" - a pictorial essay on anatomy and pathology of the hippocampus. Insights Imaging 2017; 8:199-212. [PMID: 28108955 PMCID: PMC5359145 DOI: 10.1007/s13244-016-0541-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2016] [Revised: 12/18/2016] [Accepted: 12/20/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract The hippocampus is a small but complex anatomical structure that plays an important role in spatial and episodic memory. The hippocampus can be affected by a wide range of congenital variants and degenerative, inflammatory, vascular, tumoral and toxic-metabolic pathologies. Magnetic resonance imaging is the preferred imaging technique for evaluating the hippocampus. The main indications requiring tailored imaging sequences of the hippocampus are medically refractory epilepsy and dementia. The purpose of this pictorial review is threefold: (1) to review the normal anatomy of the hippocampus on MRI; (2) to discuss the optimal imaging strategy for the evaluation of the hippocampus; and (3) to present a pictorial overview of the most common anatomic variants and pathologic conditions affecting the hippocampus. Teaching points • Knowledge of normal hippocampal anatomy helps recognize anatomic variants and hippocampal pathology. • Refractory epilepsy and dementia are the main indications requiring dedicated hippocampal imaging. • Pathologic conditions centered in and around the hippocampus often have similar imaging features. • Clinical information is often necessary to come to a correct diagnosis or an apt differential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sven Dekeyzer
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology, University Hospital, RWTH Aachen University, Pauwelsstr. 30, 52074, Aachen, Germany. .,Department of Radiology, University Hospital (UZ) Ghent, De Pintelaan 185, 9000, Ghent, Belgium. .,Department of Medical Imaging, Onze-Lieve-Vrouw Hospital (OLV) Aalst, Moorselbaan 164, 9300, Aalst, Belgium.
| | - Isabelle De Kock
- Department of Radiology, University Hospital (UZ) Ghent, De Pintelaan 185, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Omid Nikoubashman
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology, University Hospital, RWTH Aachen University, Pauwelsstr. 30, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | | | - Ruth Van Eetvelde
- Department of Radiology, University Hospital (UZ) Ghent, De Pintelaan 185, 9000, Ghent, Belgium.,Department of Medical Imaging, Onze-Lieve-Vrouw Hospital (OLV) Aalst, Moorselbaan 164, 9300, Aalst, Belgium
| | - Jeroen De Groote
- Department of Radiology, University Hospital (UZ) Ghent, De Pintelaan 185, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Marjan Acou
- Department of Radiology, University Hospital (UZ) Ghent, De Pintelaan 185, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Martin Wiesmann
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology, University Hospital, RWTH Aachen University, Pauwelsstr. 30, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Karel Deblaere
- Department of Radiology, University Hospital (UZ) Ghent, De Pintelaan 185, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Eric Achten
- Department of Radiology, University Hospital (UZ) Ghent, De Pintelaan 185, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
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Diagnostic Efficacy of Structural MRI in Patients With Mild-to-Moderate Alzheimer Disease: Automated Volumetric Assessment Versus Visual Assessment. AJR Am J Roentgenol 2017; 208:617-623. [PMID: 28075620 DOI: 10.2214/ajr.16.16894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to compare the diagnostic efficacies of an automated volumetric assessment tool and visual assessment in the evaluation of medial temporal lobar atrophy in mild-to-moderate Alzheimer disease (AD). MATERIALS AND METHODS This retrospective study included 30 patients with mild-to-moderate AD and 25 age-matched healthy control subjects undergoing MRI with a 3D fast spoiled gradient recalled-echo sequence at 3 T. The images were processed with fully automated volumetric analysis software. To assess medial temporal lobe (MTL) atrophy, two MTL indexes, which took into account the volumes of the hippocampus and the inferior lateral ventricle, were calculated with the automated volumetric assessment software. In addition, two neuroradiologists assessed MTL atrophy visually using the Scheltens scale. ROC curve analysis was used to compare the diagnostic performances of the two methods. The weighted kappa statistic was used to assess the intrarater and interrater reliability of visual inspection. RESULTS The automated volumetric assessment tool had moderate sensitivity (63.3%) and high specificity (100%) in differentiating patients with mild-to-moderate AD from control subjects. Visual inspection showed sensitivity of 63.3% and specificity of 92.0%. The diagnostic performance was not significantly different between the two methods (p = 0.536-0.906). Intraobserver reliability for visual inspection was 0.858 and 0.902 for the two reviewers, and interobserver reliability was 0.692-0.780. CONCLUSION Both the automated volumetric assessment tool and visual inspection can be used to evaluate MTL atrophy and differentiate patients with AD from healthy individuals with good diagnostic accuracy. Thus, the automated tool can be a useful and efficient adjunct in clinical practice for evaluating MTL atrophy in the diagnosis of AD.
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Dhikav V, Duraiswamy S, Anand KS. Correlation between hippocampal volumes and medial temporal lobe atrophy in patients with Alzheimer's disease. Ann Indian Acad Neurol 2017; 20:29-35. [PMID: 28298839 PMCID: PMC5341264 DOI: 10.4103/0972-2327.199903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Hippocampus undergoes atrophy in patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD). Calculation of hippocampal volumes can be done by a variety of methods using T1-weighted images of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the brain. Medial temporal lobes atrophy (MTL) can be rated visually using T1-weighted MRI brain images. The present study was done to see if any correlation existed between hippocampal volumes and visual rating scores of the MTL using Scheltens Visual Rating Method. Materials and Methods: We screened 84 subjects presented to the Department of Neurology of a Tertiary Care Hospital and enrolled forty subjects meeting the National Institute of Neurological and Communicative Disorders and Stroke, AD related Disease Association criteria. Selected patients underwent MRI brain and T1-weighted images in a plane perpendicular to long axis of hippocampus were obtained. Hippocampal volumes were calculated manually using a standard protocol. The calculated hippocampal volumes were correlated with Scheltens Visual Rating Method for Rating MTL. A total of 32 cognitively normal age-matched subjects were selected to see the same correlation in the healthy subjects as well. Sensitivity and specificity of both methods was calculated and compared. Results: There was an insignificant correlation between the hippocampal volumes and MTL rating scores in cognitively normal elderly (n = 32; Pearson Correlation coefficient = 0.16, P > 0.05). In the AD Group, there was a moderately strong correlation between measured hippocampal volumes and MTL Rating (Pearson's correlation coefficient = −0.54; P < 0.05. There was a moderately strong correlation between hippocampal volume and Mini-Mental Status Examination in the AD group. Manual delineation was superior compared to the visual method (P < 0.05). Conclusions: Good correlation was present between manual hippocampal volume measurements and MTL scores. Sensitivity and specificity of manual measurement of hippocampus was higher compared to visual rating scores for MTL in patients with AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vikas Dhikav
- Department of Neurology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research and Dr. Ram Manohar Lohia Hospital, New Delhi, India
| | - Sharmila Duraiswamy
- Department of Radiology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Kuljeet Singh Anand
- Department of Neurology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research and Dr. Ram Manohar Lohia Hospital, New Delhi, India
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Boelaarts L, Scheltens P, de Jonghe J. Does MRI Increase the Diagnostic Confidence of Physicians in an Outpatient Memory Clinic. Dement Geriatr Cogn Dis Extra 2016; 6:242-51. [PMID: 27489558 PMCID: PMC4959430 DOI: 10.1159/000445711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Aim Data showing the usefulness of MRI to improve the accuracy of the diagnostic process in cognitive disorders were derived from studies in tertiary referral centers. MRI is widely used as a diagnostic tool in everyday practice, but it is unknown what the actual added value of MRI is. We studied the usefulness of MRI in the diagnostic process by measuring the change of confidence of the physician. Methods Physicians indicated confidence in their diagnosis before and after presentation of MR images using a visual analogue scale from 0-100%. Results Use of MRI increased the level of confidence by 3% in experienced clinicians and by 9% in inexperienced physicians. In 2/125 cases, MRI showed an unexpected finding. Conclusion MRI is a useful diagnostic tool in everyday practice of diagnosing cognitive disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leo Boelaarts
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Medical Center Alkmaar, Alkmaar, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Philip Scheltens
- Department of Neurology and Alzheimer Center, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jos de Jonghe
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Medical Center Alkmaar, Alkmaar, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Menéndez González M, Suárez-Sanmartin E, García C, Martínez-Camblor P, Westman E, Simmons A. Manual Planimetry of the Medial Temporal Lobe Versus Automated Volumetry of the Hippocampus in the Diagnosis of Alzheimer's Disease. Cureus 2016; 8:e544. [PMID: 27433401 PMCID: PMC4934791 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Though a disproportionate rate of atrophy in the medial temporal lobe (MTA) represents a reliable marker of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) pathology, measurement of the MTA is not currently widely used in daily clinical practice. This is mainly because the methods available to date are sophisticated and difficult to implement in clinical practice (volumetric methods), are poorly explored (linear and planimetric methods), or lack objectivity (visual rating). Here, we aimed to compare the results of a manual planimetric measure (the yearly rate of absolute atrophy of the medial temporal lobe, 2D-yrA-MTL) with the results of an automated volumetric measure (the yearly rate of atrophy of the hippocampus, 3D-yrA-H). Methods: A series of 1.5T MRI studies on 290 subjects in the age range of 65–85 years, including patients with AD (n = 100), mild cognitive impairment (MCI) (n = 100), and matched controls (n = 90) from the AddNeuroMed study, were examined by two independent subgroups of researchers: one in charge of volumetric measures and the other in charge of planimetric measures. Results: The means of both methods were significantly different between AD and the other two diagnostic groups. In the differential diagnosis of AD against controls, 3D-yrA-H performed significantly better than 2D-yrA-MTL while differences were not statistically significant in the differential diagnosis of AD against MCI. Conclusion: Automated volumetry of the hippocampus is superior to manual planimetry of the MTL in the diagnosis of AD. Nevertheless, the 2D-yrAMTL is a simpler method that could be easily implemented in clinical practice when volumetry is not available.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuel Menéndez González
- Neurology, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias ; Morphology and Cellular Biology, Universidad de Oviedo ; Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma de Chile
| | | | - Ciara García
- Neurology, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias
| | | | - Eric Westman
- Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet
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Tay L, Lim WS, Chan M, Ye RJ, Chong MS. The Independent Role of Inflammation in Physical Frailty among Older Adults with Mild Cognitive Impairment and Mild-to-Moderate Alzheimer's Disease. J Nutr Health Aging 2016; 20:288-99. [PMID: 26892578 DOI: 10.1007/s12603-015-0617-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To examine the independent and combined effects of inflammation and endocrine dysregulation on (i) baseline frailty status and (ii) frailty progression at one year, among cognitively impaired community dwelling older adults. DESIGN Prospective cohort study. SETTING Tertiary Memory Clinic. METHODS We recruited patients with mild cognitive impairment and mild-moderate Alzheimer's disease. Physical frailty status was assessed at baseline and 1-year. Blood biomarkers of systemic inflammation [interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumour necrosis factor-α (TNF-α)] and anabolic hormones [insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1), dehydroepiandrosterone sulphate (DHEAS)] were measured at baseline and examined in relation to physical frailty status at baseline and progression at 1-year. Each subject was categorized as (i) neither pro-inflammatory nor endocrine deficient, (ii) pro-inflammatory (IL-6 or TNF-α, or both, being in highest quartile) but not endocrine deficient, (iii) endocrine deficient (IGF-1 or DHEAS, or both, being in lowest quartile) but not pro-inflammatory and (iv) both pro-inflammatory and endocrine deficient. RESULTS Twenty (20.2%) of 99 subjects were physically frail at baseline. There was no association between severity of cognitive impairment and baseline frailty status, but the frail group had significantly greater hippocampal atrophy (median MTA: 2 (2-3) vs 1 (1-2), p=0.010). TNF-α was significantly higher in subjects who were physically frail at baseline (median TNF-α: 1.30 (0.60-1.40) vs 0.60 (0.50-1.30) pg/mL, p=0.035). In multiple logistic regression adjusted for age and gender, a pro-inflammatory state in the absence of concomitant endocrine deficiency was significantly associated with physical frailty at baseline (OR=4.99, 95% C.I 1.25-19.88, p=0.023); this was no longer significant when MTA score was included in the model. Isolated pro-inflammatory state (without endocrine deficiency) significantly increased the odds of frailty progression (OR=4.06, 95% CI 1.09-15.10, p=0.037) at 1-year. The combination pro-inflammatory and endocrine deficient state was not significantly associated with either baseline or progressive physical frailty. CONCLUSION A pro-inflammatory state exerts differential effects on physical frailty, contributing to the increased risk of baseline and progressive frailty only in the absence of a concomitant endocrine deficient state, with potential mediation via neurodegeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Tay
- Dr Laura Tay, Department of Geriatric Medicine, Tan Tock Seng Hospital, 11 Jalan Tan Tock Seng, Singapore 308433. Phone: 65-6359 6474, Fax: 65-6359 6294, E-Mail:
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Dementia. Neurology 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-29632-6_4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
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Chong MS, Tay L, Chan M, Lim WS, Ye R, Tan EK, Ding YY. Prospective longitudinal study of frailty transitions in a community-dwelling cohort of older adults with cognitive impairment. BMC Geriatr 2015; 15:175. [PMID: 26715536 PMCID: PMC4696312 DOI: 10.1186/s12877-015-0174-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2015] [Accepted: 12/17/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Frailty and cognitive impairment are seemingly distinct syndromes, but have a shared vulnerability to stress in older adults, resulting in poorer outcomes. Although there has been recent interest in cognitive frailty, frailty transitions in relation to cognitive deterioration in older adults with cognitive impairment have not yet been well studied. We thus aim to study frailty transitions and change in cognitive status over 1-year follow-up among subjects with cognitive impairment attending a tertiary Memory Clinic. METHODS This is a prospective cohort study of mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and mild-moderate Alzheimer's disease (AD) community-dwelling subjects. We obtained data on clinical measures, muscle mass and physical performance measures. Cognitive status was measured using Chinese Mini-Mental State Examination (CMMSE) and Clinical Dementia Rating-Sum of Boxes (CDR-SB) scores. We measured gait speed, hand grip strength, exhaustion and weight loss at baseline, 6 and 12 months to classify subjects according to the modified Fried criteria (involving strength, gait speed, body composition and fatigue) into non-frail (<2 frail categories) and frail categories (≥2 frail categories). Frailty transitions between baseline and 12-months were assessed. We performed random effects statistical modelling to ascertain baseline predictors of longitudinal frailty scores for all subjects and within MCI subgroup. RESULTS Among 122 subjects comprising 41 MCI, 67 mild and 14 moderate AD, 43.9, 35.8 and 57.1% were frail at baseline respectively. Frailty status regressed in 32.0%, remained unchanged in 36.0%, and progressed in 32.0 % at 12 months. Random effects modelling on whole group showed longitudinal CDR-SB scores (coeff 0.09, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.03-0.15) and age (coeff 0.04, 95 % CI 0.02-0.07) to be significantly associated with longitudinal frailty score. Among MCI subjects, only female gender (coeff 1.28, 95 % CI 0.21-2.36) was associated with longitudinal frailty score, while mild-moderate AD subjects showed similar results as those of the whole group. CONCLUSIONS This is the first study to show longitudinal frailty state transitions in cognitively-impaired older adults. Frailty transitions appear to be independent of progression in cognitive status in earliest stages of cognitive impairment, while mild-moderate AD subjects showed associations with age and cognitive deterioration. The potential for cognitive frailty as a separate therapeutic entity for future physical frailty prevention requires further research with a suitably powered study over a longer follow-up period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei Sian Chong
- Institute of Geriatrics and Active Ageing, Tan Tock Seng Hospital, 11 Jalan Tan Tock Seng, S30843, Singapore, Singapore. .,Department of Geriatric Medicine, Tan Tock Seng Hospital, 11 Jalan Tan Tock Seng, S308433, Singapore, Singapore.
| | - Laura Tay
- Institute of Geriatrics and Active Ageing, Tan Tock Seng Hospital, 11 Jalan Tan Tock Seng, S30843, Singapore, Singapore. .,Department of Geriatric Medicine, Tan Tock Seng Hospital, 11 Jalan Tan Tock Seng, S308433, Singapore, Singapore.
| | - Mark Chan
- Institute of Geriatrics and Active Ageing, Tan Tock Seng Hospital, 11 Jalan Tan Tock Seng, S30843, Singapore, Singapore. .,Department of Geriatric Medicine, Tan Tock Seng Hospital, 11 Jalan Tan Tock Seng, S308433, Singapore, Singapore.
| | - Wee Shiong Lim
- Institute of Geriatrics and Active Ageing, Tan Tock Seng Hospital, 11 Jalan Tan Tock Seng, S30843, Singapore, Singapore. .,Department of Geriatric Medicine, Tan Tock Seng Hospital, 11 Jalan Tan Tock Seng, S308433, Singapore, Singapore.
| | - Ruijing Ye
- Institute of Geriatrics and Active Ageing, Tan Tock Seng Hospital, 11 Jalan Tan Tock Seng, S30843, Singapore, Singapore.
| | - Eng King Tan
- Department of Neurology, Singapore General Hospital, Outram Rd, S169608, Singapore, Singapore. .,Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School, 8 College Road, S169857, Singapore, Singapore.
| | - Yew Yoong Ding
- Institute of Geriatrics and Active Ageing, Tan Tock Seng Hospital, 11 Jalan Tan Tock Seng, S30843, Singapore, Singapore. .,Department of Geriatric Medicine, Tan Tock Seng Hospital, 11 Jalan Tan Tock Seng, S308433, Singapore, Singapore.
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Dewer B, Rogers P, Ricketts J, Mukonoweshuro W, Zeman A. The radiological diagnosis of frontotemporal dementia in everyday practice: an audit of reports, review of diagnostic criteria, and proposal for service improvement. Clin Radiol 2015; 71:40-7. [PMID: 26652610 DOI: 10.1016/j.crad.2015.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2015] [Revised: 07/23/2015] [Accepted: 09/16/2015] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
AIM To investigate how commonly valuable diagnostic information regarding the frontotemporal dementias (FTDs) may be missed on routine radiological reporting. MATERIALS AND METHODS The magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) examination results of a series of 39 consecutive patients in whom the diagnosis was initially thought to be a form of FTD were audited. Twenty-two patients satisfied formal diagnostic criteria for subtypes of FTD. The initial non-specialist radiological reports of the MRI examinations were compared with those of a radiologist who specifically examined the images for the possibility of atypical dementia. RESULTS Six of the 22 original reports provided a full and accurate description of the radiological findings, while two provided a fully accurate interpretation. CONCLUSION Valuable diagnostic information may be missed unless clinicians and radiologists jointly review and discuss brain imaging in cases of dementia. The use of standardised scales may enhance the reporting of MRI examinations for dementia.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Dewer
- Cognitive Neurology Research Group, University of Exeter Medical School, Exeter, UK
| | - P Rogers
- Department of Radiology, Royal Devon and Exeter Hospital, Exeter, UK
| | - J Ricketts
- Department of Radiology, Royal Devon and Exeter Hospital, Exeter, UK
| | | | - A Zeman
- Cognitive Neurology Research Group, University of Exeter Medical School, Exeter, UK.
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