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Kundnani NR, Levai MC, Popa MD, Borza C, Iacob M, Mederle AL, Blidisel A. Biologics in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus: Recent Evolutions and Benefits. Pharmaceutics 2024; 16:1176. [PMID: 39339212 PMCID: PMC11434659 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics16091176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2024] [Revised: 08/26/2024] [Accepted: 08/30/2024] [Indexed: 09/30/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a multifaceted autoimmune disorder characterized by significant autoantibodies, particularly targeting nuclear antigens. SLE pathogenesis involves genetic, environmental, and hormonal factors. The disease course includes flares and remission and involves various organs. Recent therapeutic progresses, including biologics, have improved management and prognosis, though the long-term impact of novel therapies remains to be determined. Biologics in SLE: Rituximab, the earliest B-cell-oriented biologic, binds CD20 and depletes CD20+ B cells, leading to remission in some SLE patients. Belimumab is a B-cell-activating factor (BAFF) inhibitor with a recent additional indication for lupus nephritis. The CALIBRATE and BLISS-BELIEVE studies investigated combinations of these drugs with conventional therapies, showing varied efficacy. Ocrelizumab and obinutuzumab, newer CD20-oriented SLE therapies, together with ofatumumab and veltuzumab, are also promising. The latest trials highlight their efficacy and safety. Anifrolumab, targeting type-I interferon receptors, was evaluated in the TULIP 1/2 trials. The ongoing TULIP LTE trial supports the long-term safety and efficacy of anifrolumab. Additionally, the IRIS Phase III trial is exploring anifrolumab for lupus nephritis, showing favorable renal responses. Tocilizumab and secukinumab are being assessed for SLE, with mixed outcomes. Several biologics targeting the C5 complement protein, together with immunomodulators and immunotherapeutics, are also under investigation for potential benefits in SLE. DISCUSSION Biologics in SLE target specific immune components, aiming to improve disease control and reduce the side effects of conventional therapy. However, trial outcomes vary due to factors like inclusion criteria and trial design. CONCLUSIONS Biotechnology progress enables targeted biologic therapies for SLE, reducing disease activity and improving patients' quality of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nilima Rajpal Kundnani
- Department of Cardiology-Internal Medicine and Ambulatory Care, Prevention and Cardiovascular Recovery, "Victor Babeș" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 300041 Timisoara, Romania
- Research Centre of Timișoara Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, "Victor Babeș" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 300041 Timisoara, Romania
| | - Mihaela Codrina Levai
- Discipline of Medical Communications, Department 2-Microscopic Morphology, "Victor Babeș" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 300041 Timisoara, Romania
| | - Mihaela-Diana Popa
- Department of Microbiology, "Victor Babes" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 300041 Timisoara, Romania
| | - Claudia Borza
- Discipline of Pathophysiology, Department of Functional Science, "Victor Babeș" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 300041 Timisoara, Romania
- Center for Translational Research and Systems Medicine, "Victor Babeș" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 300041 Timisoara, Romania
- Centre of Cognitive Research in Pathological Neuro-Psychiatry NEUROPSY-COG, "Victor Babeș" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 300041 Timisoara, Romania
| | - Mihai Iacob
- Advitam Medical Center, 300150 Timisoara, Romania
| | - Alexandra Laura Mederle
- Faculty of Medicine, "Victor Babeș" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 300041 Timisoara, Romania
| | - Alexandru Blidisel
- Clinic of Surgical Semiotics and Thoracic Surgery-1, Department IX-Surgery-1, Victor Babes" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 300041 Timisoara, Romania
- Center for Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery (CHBP), "Victor Babes" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 300041 Timisoara, Romania
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Parodis I, Lanata C, Nikolopoulos D, Blazer A, Yazdany J. Reframing health disparities in SLE: A critical reassessment of racial and ethnic differences in lupus disease outcomes. Best Pract Res Clin Rheumatol 2023; 37:101894. [PMID: 38057256 DOI: 10.1016/j.berh.2023.101894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2023] [Accepted: 10/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/08/2023]
Abstract
Health disparities in the prevalence and outcomes of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) are well documented across racial and ethnic groups. Similar to other chronic diseases, differences in disease severity among individuals with SLE are likely influenced by both genetic predisposition and multiple social determinants of health. However, research in SLE that jointly examines the genetic and environmental contributions to the disease course is limited, resulting in an incomplete understanding of the biologic and social mechanisms that underly health disparities. While research on health disparities can reveal inequalities and inform resource allocation to improve outcomes, research that relies on racial and ethnic categories to describe diverse groups of people can pose challenges. Additionally, results from research comparing outcomes across socially constructed groups without considering other contributing factors can be misleading. We herein comprehensively examine existing literature on health disparities in SLE, including both clinical studies that examine the relationship between self-reported race and ethnicity and disease outcomes and studies that explore the relationships between genomics and lupus outcomes. Having surveyed this body of research, we propose a framework for research examining health disparities in SLE, including ways to mitigate bias in future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ioannis Parodis
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Gastroenterology, Dermatology and Rheumatology, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Rheumatology, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden.
| | - Cristina Lanata
- Genomics of Autoimmune Rheumatic Disease Section, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Dionysis Nikolopoulos
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Gastroenterology, Dermatology and Rheumatology, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ashira Blazer
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Hospital for Special, Surgery, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jinoos Yazdany
- Division of Rheumatology, University of California, San Francisco, USA
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EL Masri H, McGuire TM, van Driel ML, Benham H, Hollingworth SA. Dynamics of Patient-Based Benefit-Risk Assessment of Medicines in Chronic Diseases: A Systematic Review. Patient Prefer Adherence 2022; 16:2609-2637. [PMID: 36164323 PMCID: PMC9508999 DOI: 10.2147/ppa.s375062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2022] [Accepted: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND A critical gap exits in understanding the dynamics of patient-based benefit-risk assessment (BRA) of medicines in chronic diseases during the disease journey. PURPOSE To systematically review and synthesize current evidence on the changes of patients' preferences about the benefits and risks of medicines during their disease journey including the influence of disease duration and severity, and previous treatment experience. METHODS A systematic review of studies identified in PubMed and Embase, from inception to November 2020, was conducted in accordance with the PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) statement. Articles were eligible if they analyzed adult patient-based BRA of medicines with a chronic disease, based on at least one of the pre-specified dimensions: disease severity, disease duration, or previous treatment experience. RESULTS A total of 26,228 articles were identified and 105 were eligible for inclusion. Of these, 85 detected a variation in patient-based BRA of medicines with at least one of the pre-specified criteria. Patients with higher disease severity and more treatment experience have increased risk tolerance. It remains inconclusive whether disease duration directly affects the relative importance of a patient's preference. CONCLUSION Factors important for patients' BRA of their medicines during a chronic disease journey vary more with their clinical situation and previous treatment experience than with time since diagnosis. Due to the importance of these factors on patients' perspectives and potential impact on their decision-making and eventually their clinical outcomes, there is a need for more studies to assess the dynamics of patients' BRA in every disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiba EL Masri
- School of Pharmacy, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- Correspondence: Hiba EL Masri, School of Pharmacy, The University of Queensland, 20 Cornwall St, Woolloongabba, Brisbane, Queensland, 4102, Australia, Tel +61 478512234, Email
| | - Treasure M McGuire
- School of Pharmacy, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- Faculty of Health Sciences and Medicine, Bond University, Robina, Queensland, Australia
- Mater Pharmacy, Mater Health, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Mieke L van Driel
- Primary Care Clinical Unit, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Helen Benham
- Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- Department of Rheumatology, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
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Vina ER, Quinones C. Understanding the Role and Challenges of Patient Preferences in Disparities in Rheumatologic Disease Care. Rheum Dis Clin North Am 2020; 47:83-96. [PMID: 34042056 DOI: 10.1016/j.rdc.2020.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Evidence suggests patient preferences, including values and perspectives, have affected clinical outcomes, such as compliance, patient well-being, and satisfaction with care. A literature review was conducted with the purpose of exploring the tools used to elicit patients' treatment preferences and their roles in clinical outcomes. This review revealed racial differences in treatment preferences among patients with rheumatic and musculoskeletal diseases. The use of decision aids is a proactive intervention with potential for reducing race disparities and improving clinical outcomes. The utilization of patient preferences and values can improve outcomes by complementing the shared decision-making approach between patients and rheumatologists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ernest R Vina
- University of Arizona Arthritis Center, 1501 North Campbell Avenue, PO Box 245093, Tucson, AZ 85724-5093, USA; Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, University of Arizona, College of Medicine, 1501 North Campbell Avenue, PO Box 245093, Tucson, AZ 85724-5093, USA.
| | - Cristian Quinones
- University of Arizona Arthritis Center, 1501 North Campbell Avenue, PO Box 245093, Tucson, AZ 85724-5093, USA; Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, University of Arizona, College of Medicine, 1501 North Campbell Avenue, PO Box 245093, Tucson, AZ 85724-5093, USA
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Establishing Consensus Understanding of the Barriers to Drug Development in Lupus. Ther Innov Regul Sci 2020; 54:1159-1165. [PMID: 32865797 DOI: 10.1007/s43441-020-00134-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2020] [Accepted: 02/19/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Due to the extreme heterogeneity of lupus and the lack of consensus among stakeholders, pharmaceutical and biotechnology companies have had limited success in developing treatments for lupus. For this reason, the Lupus Foundation of America (LFA), researchers at the Center for the Study of Drug Development at Tufts University School of Medicine (Tufts CSDD) and an advisory committee of 13 international lupus experts collaborated to launch the Addressing Lupus Pillars for Health Advancement (ALPHA) project. METHODS To inform the ALPHA project, 17 in-depth interviews among lupus experts and a global survey among lupus drug development and clinical care professionals was conducted to identify, characterize, and prioritize fundamental barriers and validate findings. RESULTS The global survey received 127 responses from experts across 20 countries. Results of the in-depth interviews and the survey findings were consistent. Top barriers to developing new medical treatments for lupus included the lack of a clear definition of the disease with respondents identifying 30 autoimmune conditions that may be lupus-related; lack of predictive biomarkers; flaws in clinical trial designs; and a lack of reliable outcome measures. CONCLUSION The study findings encourage drug development professionals to validate disease-specific measures and to identify if specific symptoms are caused by lupus. This original research also provides a methodology that can be applied to highly heterogenous diseases where low consensus on diagnosis and treatment exists among drug development and health professionals.
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