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Øystese KAB, Casar-Borota O, Berg-Johnsen J, Berg JP, Bollerslev J. Distribution of E- and N-cadherin in subgroups of non-functioning pituitary neuroendocrine tumours. Endocrine 2022; 77:151-159. [PMID: 35674926 PMCID: PMC9242907 DOI: 10.1007/s12020-022-03051-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2021] [Accepted: 03/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Clinically non-functioning pituitary neuroendocrine tumours (NF-PitNETs) present a varying degree of aggressiveness, and reliable prognostic markers are lacking. We aimed to characterise the distribution of E- and N-cadherin in corticotroph, PIT1 and null-cell NF-PitNETs, and link it to the course of the tumours. METHODS The distribution of E- and N-cadherin was investigated by immunohistochemistry in a retrospective cohort of 30 tumours of the less common NF-PitNETs (corticotroph (N = 18), PIT1 (N = 8) and null-cell PitNETs (N = 4)). Immunoreactive scores (IRS) were compared to previously presented cohorts of gonadotroph NF-PitNETs (N = 105) and corticotroph functioning PitNETs (N = 17). RESULTS We found a low IRS for the extra-cellular domain of E-cadherin (median 0 (IQR 0-0, N = 135)), a medium to high IRS for the intra-cellular domain of E-cadherin (median 6 (IQR 4-9)) and a high IRS for N-cadherin (median 12 (IQR 10.5-12)) throughout the cohort of NF-PitNETs. The corticotroph NF-PitNETs presented a higher IRS for both the extra- and intra-cellular domain of E-cadherin (median 0 (IQR 0-1) and median 9 (IQR 6-12), respectively) than the gonadotroph NF-PitNETs (p < 0.001 for both comparisons). Presence of nuclear E-cadherin was associated with a weaker staining for the intra-cellular domain of E-cadherin (median 4 (IQR 0.5-6) and median 9 (IQR 9-12), for tumours with and without nuclear E-cadherin, respectively), and with a lower rate of re-intervention (p = 0.03). CONCLUSIONS Considering our results and the benign course of NF-PitNETs, we suggest that a high N-cadherin and downregulation of membranous E-cadherin are not associated with a more aggressive tumour behaviour in these subgroups of NF-PitNETs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristin Astrid B Øystese
- Department of Endocrinology, Morbid Obesity and Preventive Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.
| | - Olivera Casar-Borota
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Uppsala University Hospital, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Jon Berg-Johnsen
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Neurosurgery, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Jens Petter Berg
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Jens Bollerslev
- Department of Endocrinology, Morbid Obesity and Preventive Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
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2
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Yang L, Chen X, Qian X, Zhang J, Wu M, Yu A. Comprehensive Analysis of the Transcriptome-Wide m6A Methylome in Endometrioid Ovarian Cancer. Front Oncol 2022; 12:844613. [PMID: 35280730 PMCID: PMC8904756 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.844613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2021] [Accepted: 02/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Emerging studies have revealed that N6-methyladenosine modification is involved in the development of various cancers. However, the m6A modification pattern of endometrioid ovarian cancer (EOC) has not been demonstrated. In the present study, high-throughput sequencing combined with methylated RNA immunoprecipitation (MeRIP-seq) and RNA sequencing were used to obtain the transcriptome-wide m6A modifications of endometrioid ovarian cancer for the first time. The roles of methyltransferase-like 3 (METTL3) in EOC cell line COV362 were explored. In total, 39,237 m6A-modified peaks related to 17,082 genes were identified in the EOC group, and 52,848 m6A peaks representing 19,349 genes were detected in endometriosis group. Functional enrichment analysis revealed that m6A enriched genes were associated with tight junctions, cell adhesion molecules, platinum drug resistance, adherens junction, and more. METTL3 knockdown in the COV362 cells significantly decreased cell proliferation, promoted cell apoptosis, and induced cell cycle arrest at the G0/G1 phase. Our study presented the transcriptome-wide m6A modifications of endometrioid ovarian cancer for the first time and revealed various differentially expressed genes with methylated m6A modifications. This study may provide new directions for in-depth research of the underlying molecular mechanisms and signaling pathways of EOC development and progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Yang
- Department of Gynecological Oncology, The Cancer Hospital of the University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Zhejiang Cancer Hospital), Institute of Basic Medicine and Cancer (IBMC), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xin Chen
- Department of Gynecological Oncology, The Cancer Hospital of the University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Zhejiang Cancer Hospital), Institute of Basic Medicine and Cancer (IBMC), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiang Qian
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, The Cancer Hospital of the University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Zhejiang Cancer Hospital), Institute of Basic Medicine and Cancer (IBMC), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jiejie Zhang
- Department of Gynecological Oncology, The Cancer Hospital of the University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Zhejiang Cancer Hospital), Institute of Basic Medicine and Cancer (IBMC), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - Meijuan Wu
- Department of Pathology, The Cancer Hospital of the University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Zhejiang Cancer Hospital), Institute of Basic Medicine and Cancer (IBMC), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - Aijun Yu
- Department of Gynecological Oncology, The Cancer Hospital of the University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Zhejiang Cancer Hospital), Institute of Basic Medicine and Cancer (IBMC), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, China
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3
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Qu M, Duan Y, Zhao M, Wang Z, Zhao M, Zhao Y, Wang H, Ke Y, Liu Y, Liu HM, Wei L, Hu Z. Jiyuan Oridonin A Overcomes Differentiation Blockade in Acute Myeloid Leukemia Cells With MLL Rearrangements via Multiple Signaling Pathways. Front Oncol 2021; 11:659720. [PMID: 33842376 PMCID: PMC8033199 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.659720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2021] [Accepted: 03/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Differentiation therapy with all-trans-retinoic acid (ATRA) in acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL), a subtype of acute myeloid leukemia (AML), has been extremely successful in inducing clinical remission in APL patients. However, the differentiation therapy of ATRA-based treatment has not been effective in other subtypes of AML. In this study, we evaluated a small molecule of ent-kaurene diterpenoid, Jiyuan oridonin A (JOA), on the differentiation blockade in AML cells with the mixed lineage leukemia (MLL) gene rearrangements (MLLr) in MV4-11, MOLM-13 and THP-1 cells. We found that JOA could significantly inhibit the proliferation of MOLM-13, MV4-11 and THP-1 cells. Moreover, JOA promoted cell differentiation coupled with cell-cycle exit at G0/G1 and inhibited the colony- forming capacity of these cells. We showed that the anti-proliferative effect of JOA attributed to cell differentiation is most likely through the martens tretinoin response up pathway in the MOLM-13 cell line, and the hematopoietic cell lineage pathway by the inhibition of c-KIT expression and cell adhesion pathway in the THP-1 cell line. Our findings suggest that JOA could be a novel therapeutic agent against human MLLr acute myeloid leukemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei Qu
- Laboratory for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China.,School of Pharmacy, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China
| | - Yu Duan
- Laboratory for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China.,School of Pharmacy, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China
| | - Min Zhao
- Laboratory for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China.,School of Pharmacy, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China
| | - Zhanju Wang
- Laboratory for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China
| | - Mengjie Zhao
- Laboratory for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China.,School of Pharmacy, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China
| | - Yao Zhao
- Laboratory for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China
| | - Haihua Wang
- Laboratory for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China
| | - Yu Ke
- School of Pharmacy, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Ying Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Hong-Min Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Liuya Wei
- Laboratory for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China.,School of Pharmacy, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China
| | - Zhenbo Hu
- Laboratory for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China
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4
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Adeola HA, Khumalo NP, Arowolo AT, Mehlala N. No difference in the proteome of racially and geometrically classified scalp hair sample from a South African cohort: Preliminary findings. J Proteomics 2020; 226:103892. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2020.103892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2019] [Revised: 06/25/2020] [Accepted: 06/26/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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5
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Eslami-Kaliji F, Sarafbidabad M, Rajadas J, Mohammadi MR. Dendritic Cells as Targets for Biomaterial-Based Immunomodulation. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2020; 6:2726-2739. [PMID: 33463292 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.9b01987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Various subtypes of immunocytes react against implanted biomaterials to eliminate the foreign body object from the host's body. Among these cells, dendritic cells (DCs) play a key role in early immune response, later engaging lymphocytes through antigens presentation. Due to their capability to induce tolerogenic or immunogenic responses, DCs have been considered as key therapeutic targets for immunomodulatory products. For instance, tolerogenic DCs are applied in the treatment of autoimmune diseases, rejection of allograft transplantation, and implanted biomaterial. Due to the emerging importance of DCs in immunomodulatory biomaterials, this Review summarizes DCs' responses-such as adhesion, migration, and maturation-to biomaterials. We also review some examples of key molecules and their applications in DCs' immunoengineering. These evaluations would pave the way for designing advanced biomaterials and nanomaterials to modulate the immune system, applicable in tissue engineering, transplantation, and drug delivery technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farshid Eslami-Kaliji
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Isfahan, Isfahan 81746-73441, Iran
| | - Mohsen Sarafbidabad
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Isfahan, Isfahan 81746-73441, Iran
| | - Jayakumar Rajadas
- Biomaterials and Advanced Drug Delivery Laboratory, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305, United States.,Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, University of California San Francisco School of Pharmacy, San Francisco, California 94158, United States
| | - M Rezaa Mohammadi
- Biomaterials and Advanced Drug Delivery Laboratory, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305, United States
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6
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Janiszewska M, Primi MC, Izard T. Cell adhesion in cancer: Beyond the migration of single cells. J Biol Chem 2020; 295:2495-2505. [PMID: 31937589 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.rev119.007759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 311] [Impact Index Per Article: 77.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Homeostasis in healthy tissues strongly relies on cell-to-cell adhesion and cell-to-extracellular matrix interactions. For instance, normal epithelial cells maintain tissue structure by adhering to each other and to the extracellular matrix. The proteins that mediate these distinct interactions are collectively called cell adhesion molecules and are divided into four major groups: cadherins, integrins, selectins, and immunoglobulins. They not only physically anchor cells, but also critically integrate signaling between the extracellular microenvironment and cells. These signals include biochemical cues, as adhesion proteins can both act as ligand-activated receptors and activate mechanotransduction triggered by changes in the physical environment. Molecular mechanisms related to cell adhesion signaling have been extensively studied, especially because mutations and changes in expression of these proteins, particularly cadherins and integrins, are frequently associated with diseases ranging from developmental intellectual disability to cancer. In fact, two major hallmarks of cancer, loss of cell-to-cell adhesion and anchorage-independent growth, are both dependent on cell adhesion molecules. Despite many studies elucidating the relationships between malignant transformation and metastasis and cellular adhesion processes, several areas still await exploration. Here, we highlight recently discovered roles of adhesion molecules in collective cancer cell migration and discuss the utility of three-dimensional models in studying cell-cell adhesion. We also describe recent therapeutic approaches targeting adhesion molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michalina Janiszewska
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, Florida 33458.
| | - Marina Candido Primi
- Cell Adhesion Laboratory, Department of Integrative Structural and Computational Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, Florida 33458
| | - Tina Izard
- Cell Adhesion Laboratory, Department of Integrative Structural and Computational Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, Florida 33458
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7
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Visuttijai K, Pettersson J, Mehrbani Azar Y, van den Bout I, Örndal C, Marcickiewicz J, Nilsson S, Hörnquist M, Olsson B, Ejeskär K, Behboudi A. Lowered Expression of Tumor Suppressor Candidate MYO1C Stimulates Cell Proliferation, Suppresses Cell Adhesion and Activates AKT. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0164063. [PMID: 27716847 PMCID: PMC5055341 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0164063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2016] [Accepted: 09/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Myosin-1C (MYO1C) is a tumor suppressor candidate located in a region of recurrent losses distal to TP53. Myo1c can tightly and specifically bind to PIP2, the substrate of Phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K), and to Rictor, suggesting a role for MYO1C in the PI3K pathway. This study was designed to examine MYO1C expression status in a panel of well-stratified endometrial carcinomas as well as to assess the biological significance of MYO1C as a tumor suppressor in vitro. We found a significant correlation between the tumor stage and lowered expression of MYO1C in endometrial carcinoma samples. In cell transfection experiments, we found a negative correlation between MYO1C expression and cell proliferation, and MYO1C silencing resulted in diminished cell migration and adhesion. Cells expressing excess of MYO1C had low basal level of phosphorylated protein kinase B (PKB, a.k.a. AKT) and cells with knocked down MYO1C expression showed a quicker phosphorylated AKT (pAKT) response in reaction to serum stimulation. Taken together the present study gives further evidence for tumor suppressor activity of MYO1C and suggests MYO1C mediates its tumor suppressor function through inhibition of PI3K pathway and its involvement in loss of contact inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kittichate Visuttijai
- School of Bioscience, Tumor Biology research group, University of Skövde, SE-541 28, Skövde, Sweden
- Department of Medical and Clinical Genetics, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, SE-405 30, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Jennifer Pettersson
- Department of Medical and Clinical Genetics, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, SE-405 30, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Yashar Mehrbani Azar
- School of Bioscience, Tumor Biology research group, University of Skövde, SE-541 28, Skövde, Sweden
| | - Iman van den Bout
- Department of physiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, 0007, South Africa
| | - Charlotte Örndal
- Department of Pathology, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, SE-413 45, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Janusz Marcickiewicz
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Halland Hospital Varberg, SE- 432 37, Varberg, Sweden
| | - Staffan Nilsson
- Institute of Mathematical Statistics, Chalmers University of Technology, SE-412 96, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Michael Hörnquist
- Department of Science and Technology, University of Linköping, ITN, SE-601 74, Norrköping, Sweden
| | - Björn Olsson
- School of Bioscience, Tumor Biology research group, University of Skövde, SE-541 28, Skövde, Sweden
| | - Katarina Ejeskär
- School of Bioscience, Tumor Biology research group, University of Skövde, SE-541 28, Skövde, Sweden
| | - Afrouz Behboudi
- School of Bioscience, Tumor Biology research group, University of Skövde, SE-541 28, Skövde, Sweden
- * E-mail:
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8
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Okano K, Hsu HY, Li YK, Masuhara H. In situ patterning and controlling living cells by utilizing femtosecond laser. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY C-PHOTOCHEMISTRY REVIEWS 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochemrev.2016.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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9
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Bremmer F, Schallenberg S, Jarry H, Küffer S, Kaulfuss S, Burfeind P, Strauß A, Thelen P, Radzun HJ, Ströbel P, Honecker F, Behnes CL. Role of N-cadherin in proliferation, migration, and invasion of germ cell tumours. Oncotarget 2016; 6:33426-37. [PMID: 26451610 PMCID: PMC4741776 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.5288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2015] [Accepted: 09/22/2015] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Germ cell tumors (GCTs) are the most common malignancies in young men. Most patients with GCT can be cured with cisplatin-based combination chemotherapy, even in metastatic disease. In case of therapy resistance, prognosis is usually poor. We investigated the potential of N-cadherin inhibition as a therapeutic strategy. We analyzed the GCT cell lines NCCIT, NTERA-2, TCam-2, and the cisplatin-resistant sublines NCCIT-R and NTERA-2R. Effects of a blocking antibody or siRNA against N-cadherin on proliferation, migration, and invasion were investigated. Mouse xenografts of GCT cell lines were analyzed by immunohistochemistry for N-cadherin expression. All investigated GCT cell lines were found to express N-cadherin protein in vitro and in vivo. Downregulation of N-cadherin in vitro leads to a significant inhibition of proliferation, migration, and invasion. N-cadherin-downregulation leads to a significantly higher level of pERK. N-cadherin-inhibition resulted in significantly higher rates of apoptotic cells in caspase-3 staining. Expression of N-cadherin is preserved in cisplatin-resistant GCT cells, pointing to an important physiological role in cell survival. N-cadherin-downregulation results in a significant decrease of proliferation, migration, and invasion and stimulates apoptosis in cisplatin-naive and resistant GCT cell lines. Therefore, targeting N-cadherin may be a promising therapeutic approach, particularly in cisplatin-resistant, therapy refractory and metastatic GCT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felix Bremmer
- Institute of Pathology, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | | | - Hubertus Jarry
- Department of Endocrinology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Stefan Küffer
- Institute of Pathology, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Silke Kaulfuss
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Peter Burfeind
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Arne Strauß
- Department of Urology, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Paul Thelen
- Department of Urology, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | | | - Philipp Ströbel
- Institute of Pathology, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Friedemann Honecker
- Department of Oncology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany.,Tumour and Breast Center ZeTuP, St. Gallen, Switzerland
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10
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Liu Y, Chen X, Xue X, Shen C, Shi C, Dong J, Zhang H, Liang R, Li S, Xu J. Effects of Smad3 on the proliferation and steroidogenesis in human ovarian luteinized granulosa cells. IUBMB Life 2014; 66:424-37. [PMID: 24979474 DOI: 10.1002/iub.1280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2014] [Accepted: 05/28/2014] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Granulosa cells (GCs) are essential for proper oocyte, follicular development, and steroidogenesis in the ovary. Transforming growth factor β (TGF-β) superfamily members are critical in regulating GCs growth and differentiation. Smad3 is known to serve as a signaling intermediate for the TGF-β; however, the functions of Smad3 in the human GCs remain unidentified. In this study, the luteinized GCs collected from follicular aspirates from patients undergoing in vitro fertilization were cultured and engineered to overexpress and knockdown Smad3, which were validated by RT-PCR and Western blotting. Immunocytochemistry showed that Smad3 protein was strongly expressed in human ovarian luteinized GCs. EdU incorporation demonstrated that Smad3 promoted the proliferation of GCs, and the expression of PCNA was also enhanced by Smad3. ELISA analysis indicated that the secretion of both estradiol and progesterone was stimulated by Smad3. In addition, Smad3 upregulated the level of follicle-stimulating hormone receptor (FSHR), luteinizing hormone receptor (LHR), and protein kinase A (PKA) proteins. We subsequently added special PKA inhibitor H89 into the GCs and found that the stimulating effect on the growth of GCs by Smad3 was blocked partly. The morphology of cultured GCs was changed by Smad3, and the expression level of integrin β1 was enhanced by Smad3. Kindlin-2, an important cellular mediating molecule of integrin β signaling, was expressed in human ovarian luteinized GCs and was upregulated by Smad3. Our results indicated that Smad3 promoted the proliferation and steroidogenesis of human ovarian luteinized GCs, and these effects may be mediated by the FSHR/LHR-PKA signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxia Liu
- Department of Scientific Research, Peking Union Medical Collage Hospital, Beijing, China; Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
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11
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Abstract
Cutaneous melanoma is a malignant tumor of melanocytes that causes the majority of skin cancer-related deaths. However, sometimes, discrimination between dysplastic nevi and early melanomas is difficult, even for experienced pathologists. Besides histology, the silencing of tumor suppressor genes aids in the diagnosis of melanoma. We have shown previously that tumor suppressor in lung cancer 1 (TSLC1) is a tumor suppressor gene, and its silencing through aberrant promoter methylation is associated with the generation of cutaneous melanoma. To examine TSLC1 expression in melanocytic skin lesions to determine whether it can serve as a diagnostic marker in histologically questionable lesions. Cytoplasmic localization of the expression of the TSLC1 gene was detected by immunohistochemistry; the levels of TSLC1 mRNA and protein were detected by quantitative real-time reverse transcription-PCR and western blot, respectively. Using immunohistochemistry, the average TSLC1 expression levels in cutaneous melanomas decreased approximately 3.6-fold (n=20) as compared with dysplastic nevi (n=30) and 3.7-fold as compared with normal skin (n=25). The average expression levels of TSLC1 mRNA and protein in dysplastic nevi lesions and normal skin were significantly higher than the levels in cutaneous melanomas. No significant changes in TSLC1 mRNA and protein expressions were found between normal skin and dysplastic nevi. Our results show that a loss of TSLC1 frequently occurs in cutaneous melanoma, and indicate that it could serve as a diagnostic marker for cutaneous melanoma in histologically questionable lesions.
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12
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Moh MC, Shen S. The roles of cell adhesion molecules in tumor suppression and cell migration: a new paradox. Cell Adh Migr 2009; 3:334-6. [PMID: 19949308 DOI: 10.4161/cam.3.4.9246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In addition to mediating cell adhesion, many cell adhesion molecules act as tumor suppressors. These proteins are capable of restricting cell growth mainly through contact inhibition. Alterations of these cell adhesion molecules are a common event in cancer. The resulting loss of cell-cell and/or cell-extracellular matrix adhesion promotes cell growth as well as tumor dissemination. Therefore, it is conventionally accepted that cell adhesion molecules that function as tumor suppressors are also involved in limiting tumor cell migration. Paradoxically, in 2005, we identified an immunoglobulin superfamily cell adhesion molecule hepaCAM that is able to suppress cancer cell growth and yet induce migration. Almost concurrently, CEACAM1 was verified to co-function as a tumor suppressor and invasion promoter. To date, the reason and mechanism responsible for this exceptional phenomenon remain unclear. Nevertheless, the emergence of these intriguing cell adhesion molecules with conflicting roles may open a new chapter to the biological significance of cell adhesion molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei Chung Moh
- Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
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14
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Abstract
Biochemical and molecular genetic studies have revealed that blood group antigens are present on cell surface molecules of wide structural diversity, including carbohydrate epitopes on glycoproteins and/or glycolipids, and peptide antigens on proteins inserted within the membrane via single or multi-pass transmembrane domains, or via glycosylphosphatidylinositol linkages. These studies have also shown that some blood group antigens are carried by complexes consisting of several membrane components which may be lacking or severely deficient in rare blood group 'null' phenotypes. In addition, although all blood group antigens are serologically detectable on red blood cells (RBCs), most of them are also expressed in non-erythroid tissues, raising further questions on their physiological function under normal and pathological conditions. In addition to their structural diversity, blood group antigens also possess wide functional diversity, and can be schematically subdivided into five classes: i) transporters and channels; ii) receptors for ligands, viruses, bacteria and parasites; iii) adhesion molecules; iv) enzymes; and v) structural proteins. The purpose of this review is to summarize recent findings on these molecules, and in particular to illustrate the existing structure-function relationships.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Anion Exchange Protein 1, Erythrocyte/chemistry
- Anion Exchange Protein 1, Erythrocyte/physiology
- Antigens, Protozoan
- Blood Group Antigens/chemistry
- Blood Group Antigens/classification
- Blood Group Antigens/genetics
- Blood Group Antigens/immunology
- Blood Group Antigens/physiology
- Blood Proteins/chemistry
- Blood Proteins/genetics
- Blood Proteins/immunology
- Blood Proteins/physiology
- Carrier Proteins/chemistry
- Carrier Proteins/genetics
- Carrier Proteins/immunology
- Carrier Proteins/physiology
- Cell Adhesion Molecules/chemistry
- Cell Adhesion Molecules/genetics
- Cell Adhesion Molecules/immunology
- Cell Adhesion Molecules/physiology
- Chromosomes, Human/genetics
- Enzymes/chemistry
- Enzymes/genetics
- Enzymes/immunology
- Enzymes/physiology
- Erythrocyte Membrane/chemistry
- Erythrocyte Membrane/immunology
- Erythrocytes/enzymology
- Erythrocytes/microbiology
- Erythrocytes/parasitology
- Erythrocytes/virology
- Genes
- Humans
- Integrins/chemistry
- Integrins/genetics
- Integrins/immunology
- Integrins/physiology
- Ion Channels/chemistry
- Ion Channels/genetics
- Ion Channels/immunology
- Ion Channels/physiology
- Models, Molecular
- Organ Specificity
- Protein Conformation
- Protozoan Proteins
- Receptors, Cell Surface/chemistry
- Receptors, Cell Surface/genetics
- Receptors, Cell Surface/immunology
- Receptors, Cell Surface/physiology
- Receptors, HIV/physiology
- Rh-Hr Blood-Group System/chemistry
- Rh-Hr Blood-Group System/genetics
- Rh-Hr Blood-Group System/immunology
- Rh-Hr Blood-Group System/physiology
- Species Specificity
- Structure-Activity Relationship
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15
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Leonardi R, Villari L, Piacentini C, Bernasconi G, Baciliero U, Travali S. CD44 standard form (CD44H) expression and distribution in dysfunctional human temporomandibular joint discs. Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2000. [DOI: 10.1016/s0901-5027(00)80032-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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