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Diana F, Abdalkader M, Behme D, Li W, Maurer CJ, Pop R, Hwang YH, Bartolini B, Da Ros V, Bracco S, Cirillo L, Marnat G, Katsanos AH, Kaesmacher J, Fischer U, Aguiar de Sousa D, Peschillo S, Zini A, Tomasello A, Ribo M, Nguyen TN, Romoli M. Antithrombotic regimen in emergent carotid stenting for acute ischemic stroke due to tandem occlusion: a meta-analysis of aggregate data. J Neurointerv Surg 2024; 16:243-247. [PMID: 37185107 DOI: 10.1136/jnis-2023-020204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2023] [Accepted: 04/14/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The periprocedural antithrombotic regimen might affect the risk-benefit profile of emergent carotid artery stenting (eCAS) in patients with acute ischemic stroke (AIS) due to tandem lesions, especially after intravenous thrombolysis. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to evaluate the safety and efficacy of antithrombotics following eCAS. METHODS We followed PRISMA guidelines and searched MEDLINE, Embase, and Scopus from January 1, 2004 to November 30, 2022 for studies evaluating eCAS in tandem occlusion. The primary endpoint was 90-day good functional outcome. Secondary outcomes were symptomatic intracerebral hemorrhage, in-stent thrombosis, delayed stent thrombosis, and successful recanalization. Meta-analysis of proportions and meta-analysis of odds ratios were implemented. RESULTS 34 studies with 1658 patients were included. We found that the use of no antiplatelets (noAPT), single antiplatelet (SAPT), dual antiplatelets (DAPT), or glycoprotein IIb/IIIa inhibitors (GPI) yielded similar rates of good functional outcomes, with a marginal benefit of GPI over SAPT (OR 1.88, 95% CI 1.05 to 3.35, Pheterogeneity=0.31). Sensitivity analysis and meta-regression excluded a significant impact of intravenous thrombolysis and Alberta Stroke Program Early CT Score (ASPECTS). We observed no increase in symptomatic intracerebral hemorrhage (sICH) with DAPT or GPI compared with noAPT or SAPT. We also found similar rates of delayed stent thrombosis across groups, with acute in-stent thrombosis showing marginal, non-significant benefits from GPI and DAPT over SAPT and noAPT. CONCLUSIONS In AIS due to tandem occlusion, the periprocedural antithrombotic regimen of eCAS seems to have a marginal effect on good functional outcome. Overall, high intensity antithrombotic therapy may provide a marginal benefit on good functional outcome and carotid stent patency without a significant increase in risk of sICH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Diana
- Interventional Neuroradiology, Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, Barcelona, Catalunya, Spain
- Stroke Research Group, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute, Barcelona, Catalunya, Spain
| | | | - Daniel Behme
- Neuroradiology, University Hospital Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Sachsen-Anhalt, Germany
| | - Wei Li
- Neurology, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, Hainan, China
| | - Christoph Johannes Maurer
- Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology, University Hospital Augsburg, Augsburg, Bayern, Germany
| | - Raoul Pop
- Interventional Neuroradiology, University Hospitals Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Yang-Ha Hwang
- Neurology and Radiology, Kyungpook National University Hospital, Daegu, Korea (the Republic of)
| | - Bruno Bartolini
- Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Interventional Neuroradiology Unit, CHUV - Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Valerio Da Ros
- Biomedicine and Prevention, Diagnostic Imaging Unit, Fondazione PTV Policlinico Tor Vergata, Roma, Italy
| | - Sandra Bracco
- Neurology and Human Movement Sciences, Interventional Neuroradiology Unit, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Senese, Siena, Italy
| | - Luigi Cirillo
- Biomedical and NeuroMotor Sciences (DIBINEM), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Gaultier Marnat
- Interventional and Diagnostic Neuroradiology, Bordeaux University Hospital, Bordeaux, France
| | - Aristeidis H Katsanos
- Neurology Division, McMaster University/Population Health Research Institute, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Johannes Kaesmacher
- Neurology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital and University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Urs Fischer
- Neurology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital and University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Diana Aguiar de Sousa
- Neurosciences and Mental Health, Neurology Service, Hospital de Santa Maria/ CHULN, University of Lisbon, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Simone Peschillo
- Endovascular Neurosurgery, Pia Fondazione Cardinale G Panico Hospital, Tricase, Italy
- UniCamillus International Medical University, Rome, Italy
| | - Andrea Zini
- Neurology and Stroke Center, Maggiore Hospital, Bologna, Italy, IRCCS Istituto Delle Scienze Neurologiche di Bologna, Bologna, Emilia-Romagna, Italy
| | - Alejandro Tomasello
- Interventional Neuroradiology, Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, Barcelona, Catalunya, Spain
- Stroke Research Group, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute, Barcelona, Catalunya, Spain
| | - Marc Ribo
- Stroke Research Group, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute, Barcelona, Catalunya, Spain
- Stroke Unit, Neurology, Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Thanh N Nguyen
- Radiology, Boston Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Neurology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Michele Romoli
- Neurology and Stroke Unit, Maurizio Bufalini Hospital, Cesena, Emilia-Romagna, Italy
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Diana F, Romoli M, Toccaceli G, Rouchaud A, Mounayer C, Romano DG, Di Salle F, Missori P, Zini A, Aguiar de Sousa D, Peschillo S. Emergent carotid stenting versus no stenting for acute ischemic stroke due to tandem occlusion: a meta-analysis. J Neurointerv Surg 2023; 15:428-432. [PMID: 35428740 DOI: 10.1136/neurintsurg-2022-018683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2022] [Accepted: 03/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Emergent carotid artery stenting (eCAS) is performed during mechanical thrombectomy for acute ischemic stroke due to tandem occlusion. However, the optimal management strategy in this setting is still unclear. OBJECTIVE To carry out a systematic review and meta-analysis to investigate the safety and efficacy of eCAS in patients with tandem occlusion. METHODS Systematic review followed the PRISMA guidelines. Medline, EMBASE, and Scopus were searched from January 1, 2004 to March 7, 2022 for studies evaluating eCAS and no-stenting approach in patients with stroke with tandem occlusion. Primary endpoint was the 90-day modified Rankin Scale score 0-2; secondary outcomes were (1) symptomatic intracerebral hemorrhage (sICH), (2) recurrent stroke, (3) successful recanalization (Thrombolysis in Cerebral Infarction score 2b-3), (4) embolization in new territories, and (5) restenosis rate. Meta-analysis was performed using the Mantel-Haenszel method and random-effects modeling. RESULTS Forty-six studies reached synthesis. eCAS was associated with higher good functional outcome compared with the no-stenting approach (OR=1.52, 95% CI 1.19 to 1.95), despite a significantly increased risk of sICH (OR=1.97, 95% CI 1.23 to 3.15), and higher successful recanalization rate (OR=1.91, 95% CI 1.29 to 2.85). Restenosis rate was lower in the eCAS group than in the no-stenting group (2% vs 9%, p=0.001). Recanalization rate was higher in retrograde than antegrade eCAS (OR=0.51, 95% CI 0.28 to 0.93). Intraprocedural antiplatelets during eCAS were associated with higher rate of good functional outcome (60% vs 46%, p=0.016) and lower rate of sICH (7% vs 11%; p=0.08) compared with glycoprotein IIb/IIIa inhibitors. CONCLUSIONS In observational studies, eCAS seems to be associated with higher good functional outcome than no-stenting in patients with acute ischemic stroke due to tandem occlusion, despite the higher risk of sICH. Dedicated trials are needed to confirm these results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Diana
- Neuroradiology, University Hospital 'San Giovanni di Dio e Ruggi d'Aragona', Salerno, Italy
| | - Michele Romoli
- Neurology and Stroke Unit, Maurizio Bufalini Hospital, Cesena, Italy
| | - Giada Toccaceli
- Emergency Neurosurgery, Ospedale Civile 'Santo Spirito', Pescara, Italy
| | - Aymeric Rouchaud
- Interventional Neuroradiology, University Hospital Centre of Limoges, Limoges, France
- BioEMXLim, University of Limoges Medical Faculty, Limoges, France
| | - Charbel Mounayer
- Interventional Neuroradiology, University Hospital Centre of Limoges, Limoges, France
- BioEMXLim, University of Limoges Medical Faculty, Limoges, France
| | | | - Francesco Di Salle
- Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry "Scuola Medica Salernitana", University of Salerno, Fisciano, Italy
| | - Paolo Missori
- Human Neurosciences, Neurosurgery, University of Rome La Sapienza, Rome, Italy
| | - Andrea Zini
- Neurology and Stroke Center, IRCCS Istituto Delle Scienze Neurologiche di Bologna, Maggiore Hospital, Bologna, Italy
| | - Diana Aguiar de Sousa
- Neurosciences and Mental Health, Neurology Service, Hospital de Santa Maria/CHULN, University of Lisbon, Santa Maria, Portugal
| | - Simone Peschillo
- Surgical Medical Sciences and Advanced Technologies "G.F. Ingrassia" - Endovascular Neurosurgery, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
- Neurosurgery, Pia Fondazione Cardinale G Panico Hospital, Tricase, Italy
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Ter Schiphorst A, Peres R, Dargazanli C, Blanc R, Gory B, Richard S, Marnat G, Sibon I, Guillon B, Bourcier R, Denier C, Spelle L, Labreuche J, Consoli A, Lapergue B, Costalat V, Obadia M, Arquizan C. Endovascular treatment of ischemic stroke due to isolated internal carotid artery occlusion: ETIS registry data analysis. J Neurol 2022; 269:4383-4395. [PMID: 35357557 DOI: 10.1007/s00415-022-11078-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2021] [Revised: 03/09/2022] [Accepted: 03/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The best treatment for acute ischemic stroke (AIS) due to isolated cervical internal carotid artery occlusion (CICAO) (i.e., without associated occlusion of the circle of Willis) is still unknown. In this study, we aimed to describe EVT safety and clinical outcome in patients with CICAO. METHODS We analyzed data of all consecutive patients, included in the Endovascular Treatment in Ischemic Stroke (ETIS) Registry between 2013 and 2020, who presented AIS and proven CICAO on angiogram and underwent EVT. We assessed carotid recanalization, procedural complications, National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) at 24 h post-EVT, and 3-month favorable outcome (modified Rankin Scale, mRS ≤ 2 or equal to the pre-stroke value). RESULTS Forty-five patients were included (median age: 70 years; range: 62-82 years). The median NIHSS before EVT was 14 (9-21). Carotid stenting was performed in 23 (51%) patients. Carotid recanalization at procedure end and on control imaging was observed in 37 (82%) and 29 (70%) patients, respectively. At day 1 post-EVT, the NIHSS remained stable or decreased in 25 (60%) patients; 12 (29%) patients had early neurologic deterioration (NIHSS ≥ 4 points). The rate of procedural complications was 36%, including stent thrombosis (n = 7), intracranial embolism (n = 7), and symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage (n = 1). At 3 months, 18 (40%) patients had a favorable outcome, and 10 (22%) were dead. CONCLUSION Our study suggests that EVT in AIS patients with moderate/severe initial deficit due to CICAO led to high rate of recanalization at day 1, and a 40% rate of favorable outcome at 3 months. There was a high rate of procedural complication which is of concern. Randomized controlled trials assessing the superiority of EVT in patients with CICAO and severe deficits are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrien Ter Schiphorst
- Department of Neurology, CHRU Gui de Chauliac, University Hospital of Montpellier, 80 Avenue Augustin Fliche, 34295, Montpellier, France
| | - Roxane Peres
- Department of Neurology, Fondation Rothschild Hospital, Paris, France
| | - Cyril Dargazanli
- Department of Interventional Neuroradiology, CHRU Gui de Chauliac, University Hospital of Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Raphaël Blanc
- Department of Interventional Neuroradiology, Fondation Rothschild Hospital, Paris, France
| | - Benjamin Gory
- Department of Diagnostic and Therapeutic Neuroradiology, INSERM U1254, Université de Lorraine, CHRU-Nancy, 54000, Nancy, France
| | - Sébastien Richard
- Department of Neurology, Stroke Unit, INSERM U1116, 54000, Nancy, France
| | - Gaultier Marnat
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology, University Hospital of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Igor Sibon
- Department of Neurology, Stroke Center, University Hospital of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Benoit Guillon
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital of Nantes, Nantes, France
| | - Romain Bourcier
- Department of Neuroradiology, University Hospital of Nantes, Nantes, France
| | - Christian Denier
- Department of Neurology, CHU Bicêtre, Le Kremlin Bicêtre, France
| | - Laurent Spelle
- Department of Interventional Neuroradiology, CHU Bicêtre, Le Kremlin Bicêtre, France
| | - Julien Labreuche
- ULR 2694-METRICS: Évaluation des Technologies de Santé et des Pratiques Médicales, Université de Lille, CHU Lille, 59000, Lille, France
| | - Arturo Consoli
- Department of Neuroradiology, Foch Hospital, Suresnes, France
| | | | - Vincent Costalat
- Department of Interventional Neuroradiology, CHRU Gui de Chauliac, University Hospital of Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Michael Obadia
- Department of Neurology, Fondation Rothschild Hospital, Paris, France
| | - Caroline Arquizan
- Department of Neurology, CHRU Gui de Chauliac, University Hospital of Montpellier, 80 Avenue Augustin Fliche, 34295, Montpellier, France.
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Hellegering J, Uyttenboogaart M, Bokkers RPH, El Moumni M, Zeebregts CJ, van der Laan MJ. Treatment of the extracranial carotid artery in tandem lesions during endovascular treatment of acute ischemic stroke: a systematic review and meta-analysis. ANNALS OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2020; 8:1278. [PMID: 33178810 PMCID: PMC7607118 DOI: 10.21037/atm-2020-cass-17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2020] [Accepted: 05/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Endovascular treatment (EVT) is the standard treatment for patients with an acute ischemic stroke due to occlusion of large vessel occlusion (LVO). In 20% of patients, concomitant extracranial internal carotid artery (EICA) lesion is present. These tandem lesions (TL) offer a technical challenge. The treatment strategy for the treatment of the ipsilateral EICA is unclear. The aim of this review is to compare two treatment strategies for TL during EVT: balloon angioplasty (BA) only and immediate carotid artery stenting (iCAS). A systematic review and meta-analysis was performed. Data for each included study was extracted. For comparative studies a meta-analysis was performed. Functional outcome was expressed with the modified Rankin scale and safety endpoints were mortality and symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage (sICH). A total of 72 full text articles evaluating treatment of TL during EVT were screened. Sixteen iCAS and five comparative studies were included for meta-analysis. 53% of patients undergoing iCAS during EVT had good functional outcome in comparison to 45% of patients who underwent only BA. Mortality was comparable at 16% for both groups. The incidences of sICH were 8% and 4% for iCAS and BA respectively. In the meta-analysis, iCAS was associated with good functional outcome, with no significant differences in mortality and sICH with compared to BA. This study shows that treatment with iCAS of a simultaneously ipsilateral EICA lesion during EVT is associated with a favorable functional outcome compared to BA only with no significant difference in mortality or sICH. No conclusion could be drawn about the intracranial or extracranial first approach due to scarce of data. More studies are needed to determine long-term neurological outcomes, the necessity of re-interventions and optimal technical approach (intracranial or extracranial first).
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Affiliation(s)
- Joyce Hellegering
- Division of Vascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, Medical Imaging Center, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Maarten Uyttenboogaart
- Department of Neurology, Medical Imaging Center, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
- Department of Radiology, Medical Imaging Center, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Reinoud P. H. Bokkers
- Department of Radiology, Medical Imaging Center, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Mostafa El Moumni
- Division of Vascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, Medical Imaging Center, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Clark J. Zeebregts
- Division of Vascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, Medical Imaging Center, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Maarten J. van der Laan
- Division of Vascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, Medical Imaging Center, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
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5
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Park JS, Lee JM, Kwak HS, Chung GH. Endovascular treatment of acute carotid atherosclerotic tandem occlusions: Predictors of clinical outcomes as technical aspects and location of tandem occlusions. J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis 2020; 29:105090. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jstrokecerebrovasdis.2020.105090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2020] [Revised: 05/30/2020] [Accepted: 06/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
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Osteraas ND, Crowley RW, Panos N, Dafer RM. Eptifibatide use following emergent carotid stenting in acute anterior circulation ischemic stroke with tandem occlusion. J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis 2020; 29:105021. [PMID: 32807436 DOI: 10.1016/j.jstrokecerebrovasdis.2020.105021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2020] [Revised: 05/22/2020] [Accepted: 05/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Early revascularization of the extracranial internal carotid artery in acute anterior circulation ischemic stroke (ACIS) is feasible and may improve clinical outcome. When a stent is deployed, antithrombotic agents should be administered peri-procedurally to ensure stent patency. Our institution implemented a protocol for the use of eptifibatide as a means of maintaining stent patency in the treatment of ACIS associated with cervical internal carotid artery occlusion. METHODS Our internal database was queried for patients who received emergent endovascular therapy (ET) for ACIS with stent placement and eptifibatide administration between July 2016 and 2019. RESULTS Twenty nine patients met the study criteria. The etiology was large artery atherosclerosis in 26 cases. Two patients had a dissection (7%), and one had a carotid occlusion related to a recent carotid endarterectomy. Mean NIHSS was 14. Sixteen patients received IVrtPA. Extracranial-intracranial tandem occlusion (TO) was present in 21 of cases. All patients received an eptifibatide bolus followed by an infusion for approximately 24 hours post stent deployment. Head CT was obtained prior to initiation of oral dual antiplatelet therapy with aspirin and clopidogrel. Successful recanalization was achieved in all patients with no evidence of downstream embolization. Symptomatic intracerebral hemorrhage occurred in one patient. Stent occlusion occurred in two patients, only one of which was symptomatic. Favorable clinical outcome with mRS ≤ 2 at 3 months was achieved in seventeen patients. CONCLUSIONS The use of eptifibatide post procedure was associated with low risk of symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage, including in patients treated with rtPA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas D Osteraas
- Rush University Medical Center, 1725 W Harrison street Suite 1118, Chicago, IL 60605, United States.
| | - Richard W Crowley
- Rush University Medical Center, 1725 W Harrison street Suite 1118, Chicago, IL 60605, United States.
| | - Nicholas Panos
- Rush University Medical Center, 1725 W Harrison street Suite 1118, Chicago, IL 60605, United States.
| | - Rima M Dafer
- Rush University Medical Center, 1725 W Harrison street Suite 1118, Chicago, IL 60605, United States.
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Wang D, Zhang L, Hu X, Zhu J, Tang X, Ding D, Wang H, Kong Y, Cai X, Lin L, Fang Q. Intravenous Thrombolysis Benefits Mild Stroke Patients With Large-Artery Atherosclerosis but No Tandem Steno-Occlusion. Front Neurol 2020; 11:340. [PMID: 32431662 PMCID: PMC7214684 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2020.00340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2020] [Accepted: 04/07/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
At present, there is controversy regarding whether thrombolysis is beneficial for patients suffering from a mild stroke. In this study, we therefore sought to determine whether the therapeutic benefit of thrombolysis is dependent upon stroke subtype for those with mild stroke. We conducted a retrospective analysis of data from consecutive mild stroke patients (National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale ≤5) with and without recombinant tissue plasminogen activator (rt-PA) therapy. The TOAST (Trial of Org 10172 in acute stroke treatment) criteria was used to determine stroke subtypes. Patients suffering from large-artery atherosclerosis (LAA) were subdivided based upon whether or not they exhibited tandem steno-occlusion, as defined by the association of a proximal intracranial occlusion and a cervical internal carotid artery lesion (complete occlusion or severe stenosis ≥ 90%). For this study, favorable outcomes at 90 days of onset (modified Rankin Scale Score [mRS] of 0–1) were the primary measured outcome. Three hundred thirty-nine patients were included in the study. For patients with non-LAA, there were not statistically significant improvements in favorable outcomes for rt-PA treatment (p = 0.889, 0.929, 0.708; respectively). For patients with LAA, compared with non-treated group, rt-PA-treated patients had a significant in the rate of favorable outcomes at 90 days (82.8 vs. 64.9%; OR 2.59; 95%CI, 1.13–5.92; P = 0.024). Among LAA patients exhibiting tandem lesions, favorable outcomes were observed in 66.7% of rt-PA-treated patients, with no significant differences to those observed in untreated patients (OR 1.00; 95%CI, 0.23–4.28; p = 1.000). Among LAA patients without tandem lesions, compared with non-treated group, we found that rt-PA treatment was associated with a significant beneficial impact on favorable outcomes after 90 days (64.4 vs. 88.4%; OR 4.20; 95%CI, 1.43–12.30; p = 0.009). Our findings suggest that intravenous rt-PA is only beneficial in mild stroke patients with LAA-type strokes that do not exhibit tandem steno-occlusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dapeng Wang
- Department of Neurology, First Affliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Lulu Zhang
- Department of Neurology, First Affliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Xiaowei Hu
- Department of Neurology, First Affliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Juehua Zhu
- Department of Neurology, First Affliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Xiang Tang
- Department of Neurology, First Affliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Dongxue Ding
- Department of Neurology, First Affliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Hui Wang
- Department of Neurology, First Affliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Yan Kong
- Department of Neurology, First Affliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Xiuying Cai
- Department of Neurology, First Affliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Longting Lin
- Hunter Medical Research Institute, University of Newcastle, New Lambton, NSW, Australia
| | - Qi Fang
- Department of Neurology, First Affliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
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Park SE, Choi DS, Baek HJ, Ryu KH, Ha JY, Choi HC, Lee S, Won J, Jung S. Emergent carotid artery stenting in patients with acute ischemic stroke due to cervical internal carotid artery steno-occlusive lesion: Comparison of tandem intracranial occlusion and isolated cervical internal carotid artery occlusion. Interv Neuroradiol 2020; 26:425-432. [PMID: 31992107 DOI: 10.1177/1591019919899755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Acute ischemic strokes caused by steno-occlusive lesion of the cervical internal carotid artery are associated with poor clinical outcome. We evaluated the clinical efficacy of emergent carotid artery stenting for the management of these lesions. We compared the clinical outcomes regarding the intracranial lesion, namely tandem occlusions versus isolated cervical internal carotid artery occlusion. MATERIALS AND METHODS We retrospectively reviewed patients with acute ischemic stroke who underwent carotid artery stenting for cervical internal carotid artery steno-occlusive lesion between 2011 and 2018. After dividing the patients into two groups according to the presence or absence of intracranial lesions (tandem group and isolated cervical group), we analyzed demographic data, angiographic findings, and clinical outcomes. A modified Rankin Scale score ≤2 was defined as a favorable clinical outcome. RESULTS Of 75 patients, 46 patients (61.3%) had tandem lesions, and the remaining 29 had only cervical internal carotid artery steno-occlusive lesion. Successful stenting was performed in all patients with favorable clinical outcomes (64.0%). Successful reperfusion score (thrombolysis in cerebral infarction ≥2 b) was 84.0%; tandem group (76.1%) versus isolated cervical group (96.6%) of cases. Mean modified Rankin Scale score at 90-days was 2.09. The rate of favorable clinical outcome showed no statistically significant difference between the two groups (p = 0.454). CONCLUSIONS Endovascular treatment in patients with acute ischemic stroke due to cervical internal carotid artery steno-occlusive lesion is a technically feasible and clinically effective intervention regardless of intracranial occlusion. Therefore, we recommend endovascular treatment regardless of the presence of concomitant intracranial artery occlusion for patients with acute ischemic stroke caused by cervical internal carotid artery steno-occlusive lesion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sung E Park
- Department of Radiology, Gyeongsang National University School of Medicine and Gyeongsang National University Changwon Hospital, Changwon, South Korea
| | - Dae S Choi
- Department of Radiology, Gyeongsang National University School of Medicine and Gyeongsang National University Hospital, Jinju, South Korea
| | - Hye J Baek
- Department of Radiology, Gyeongsang National University School of Medicine and Gyeongsang National University Changwon Hospital, Changwon, South Korea
| | - Kyeong H Ryu
- Department of Radiology, Gyeongsang National University School of Medicine and Gyeongsang National University Changwon Hospital, Changwon, South Korea
| | - Ji Y Ha
- Department of Radiology, Gyeongsang National University School of Medicine and Gyeongsang National University Changwon Hospital, Changwon, South Korea
| | - Ho C Choi
- Department of Radiology, Gyeongsang National University School of Medicine and Gyeongsang National University Hospital, Jinju, South Korea
| | - Sangmin Lee
- Department of Radiology, Gyeongsang National University School of Medicine and Gyeongsang National University Hospital, Jinju, South Korea
| | - Jungho Won
- Department of Radiology, Gyeongsang National University School of Medicine and Gyeongsang National University Hospital, Jinju, South Korea
| | - Seunguk Jung
- Department of Neurology, Gyeongsang National University School of Medicine and Gyeongsang National University Changwon Hospital, Changwon, South Korea
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Moon GI, Baek BH, Kim SK, Lee YY, Lee HJ, Yoon W. Predictors of a Favorable Outcome after Emergent Carotid Artery Stenting in Acute Anterior Circulation Stroke Patients. JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN SOCIETY OF RADIOLOGY 2020; 81:665-675. [PMID: 36238632 PMCID: PMC9431905 DOI: 10.3348/jksr.2020.81.3.665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2019] [Revised: 08/09/2019] [Accepted: 09/14/2019] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gyeong Il Moon
- Department of Radiology, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Byung Hyun Baek
- Department of Radiology, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Seul Kee Kim
- Department of Radiology, Chonnam National University Hwasun Hospital, Hwasun, Korea
| | - Yun Young Lee
- Department of Radiology, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Hyo-Jae Lee
- Department of Radiology, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Woong Yoon
- Department of Radiology, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Korea
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Complication Rates Using CASPER Dual-Layer Stents for Carotid Artery Stenting in Acute Stroke : A 3-Year Single Center Experience. Clin Neuroradiol 2019; 31:173-179. [PMID: 31822934 DOI: 10.1007/s00062-019-00860-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2019] [Accepted: 11/18/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE The number of acute and early stent occlusions after emergency stenting of the internal carotid artery (ICA) in patients with tandem lesions is unclear and only mentioned in a small number of publications, ranging from 0-20%. A recent article by Yilmaz et al. reported a high rate of acute in-stent occlusions of 45% within 72 h after deployment of CASPER dual layer stents. METHODS All patients with acute ischemic stroke treated with a CASPER stent between August 2014 and April 2018 were retrospectively evaluated for occlusion rates, periinterventional medication and early complications. A total of 66 patients, 45 with tandem pathologies and 21 with proximal ICA stenosis only were enrolled. RESULTS Thrombotic complications occurred in 16 out of 66 patients (24%) and hemorrhagic complications in 8/66 (12%) and 15 of the 16 thrombotic complications and 7/8 symptomatic intracranial hemorrhages (sICH) occurred in patients with tandem lesions and accessory intracranial thrombectomy. Of the patients with sICH five were treated in a prolonged or unknown time window. In patients with intraprocedural thrombotic complications ultrasound imaging showed patent stents in 13 of the 14 patients CONCLUSIONS: The CASPER stent system showed a high technical success rate in patients with acute stroke. The number of patients with sICH was not higher than the numbers reported in the published literature despite the early use of Gp IIb/IIIA inhibitors, whereas the number of thrombotic complications was smaller than that reported in recent studies. The majority of sICH occurred in patients treated because of tandem lesions in an unknown or prolonged time window.
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11
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Endovascular Recanalization of Acute Tandem Cervical Carotid and Intracranial Occlusions: Efficacy of Cervical Balloon Angioplasty Alone Then Intracranial Target Recanalization Strategy. World Neurosurg 2019; 126:e1268-e1275. [DOI: 10.1016/j.wneu.2019.02.240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2018] [Revised: 02/25/2019] [Accepted: 02/26/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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12
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Park SE, Choi DS, Baek HJ, Kim CH, Choi HC, Cho SB, Lee S, Ahn JH. Endovascular therapy of acute ischemic stroke related to tandem occlusion: comparison of occlusion and severe stenosis of the proximal cervical internal carotid artery. Br J Radiol 2018; 92:20180051. [PMID: 30156868 DOI: 10.1259/bjr.20180051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
METHODS We retrospectively reviewed 42 patients with acute ischemic stroke who underwent endovascular treatment for tandem lesions between January 2011 and April 2017. After dividing the patients into two groups according to lesion type of the proximal cervical ICA (complete occlusion and severe stenosis), we analyzed demographic data, angiographic findings and clinical outcomes. A modified Rankin Scale score ≤2 was defined as a favorable clinical outcome. RESULTS Of 42 patients, 27 patients (64.3%) had complete occlusion of the cervical ICA, and the remaining 15 had high-grade stenosis. Successful stenting was performed in all patients with favorable clinical outcomes (27/42, 64.3%). Successful reperfusion score (thrombolysis in cerebral infarction ≥2b) was 78.6%; occlusion group (18/27, 66.7%) vs stenosis group (15/15, 100%) of cases. Mean modified Rankin Scale score at 90 days was 2.36 ± 1.83. The rate of favorable clinical outcome was higher in stenosis group (11/15, 73.3%) than that of occlusion group (16/27, 59.3%) with no statistically significant difference (p = 0.506). CONCLUSION Acute endovascular treatment of carotid artery tandem lesions is a technically feasible and clinically effective intervention regardless of the lesion type in proximal cervical ICA. ADVANCES IN KNOWLEDGE Our study supports the results of previous studies in which endovascular therapy has a favorable clinical outcome in carotid artery tandem occlusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sung Eun Park
- Department of Radiology, Gyeongsang National University School of Medicine and Gyeongsang National University Changwon Hospital, Changwon, Republic of Korea.,Gyeongsang Institute of Health Science, Gyeongsang National University of Scholl of Medicine, Jinju, Republic of korea
| | - Dae Seob Choi
- Gyeongsang Institute of Health Science, Gyeongsang National University of Scholl of Medicine, Jinju, Republic of korea.,Department of Radiology, Gyeongsang National University School of Medicine and Gyeongsang National University Hospital, Jinju, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye Jin Baek
- Department of Radiology, Gyeongsang National University School of Medicine and Gyeongsang National University Changwon Hospital, Changwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang Hun Kim
- Department of Neurology, Gyeongsang National University School of Medicine and Gyeongsang National University Hospital, Jinju, Republic of korea
| | - Ho Cheol Choi
- Department of Radiology, Gyeongsang National University School of Medicine and Gyeongsang National University Hospital, Jinju, Republic of Korea
| | - Soo Buem Cho
- Department of Radiology, Gyeongsang National University School of Medicine and Gyeongsang National University Changwon Hospital, Changwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Sangmin Lee
- Department of Radiology, Gyeongsang National University School of Medicine and Gyeongsang National University Hospital, Jinju, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong-Hwa Ahn
- Department of Internal Medicine, Gyeongsang National University School of Medicine and Gyeongsang National University Changwon Hospital, Changwon, Republic of korea
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Sagga A, Alebdi F, Alnaami I. Endovascular management for tandem occlusions of anterior cerebral circulation. NEUROSCIENCES (RIYADH, SAUDI ARABIA) 2018; 23:194-199. [PMID: 30008007 PMCID: PMC8015580 DOI: 10.17712/nsj.2018.3.20180061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Objectives: To compare the endovascular approaches and techniques used to treat tandem occlusions of anterior cerebral circulation. Methods: A literature review was carried out using PubMed to review the studies that described endovascular therapies for patients with tandem cerebral occlusions. Results: A total of 106 patients (median age: 64 years; range: 18-90 years) were identified. The median National Institutes of Health Stroke scale score at the time of admission for 104 patients was 16.5 (standard deviation [SD] ±5.7). The mean times and ranges from symptom onset to recanalization were 396.85 minutes (range: 120-1,574 minutes) and from groin puncture to recanalization were 80.3 minutes (range: 14-180 minutes). The mean outcome modified Rankin scale (mRS) score was 2.31 (SD ±2.2), and 61.3% of patients had an outcome mRS score ≤2. Moreover, 80% of patients with a groin puncture-to-recanalization time of ≤60 minutes had a mRS score ≤2 compared to 51.5% of patients with longer times (p=0.02). Despite that only 11.3% of patients underwent a retrograde approach, 81.8% of them had an outcome mRS score ≤2 compared to 60.8% of patients with an anterograde approach (p=0.023). Conclusion: A groin puncture-to-recanalization time of <60 minutes and a retrograde approach were shown to be favorable prognostic factors in terms of mRS score. The use of intravenous tissue plasminogen activator was associated with higher Thrombolysis In Cerebral Infarction scores, but not superior prognosis based on mRS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdelaziz Sagga
- Department of Neuroscience, the National Neuroscience Institute, King Fahad Medical City, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
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14
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Rodrigues M, Cunha A, Figueiredo S, Carvalho A, Veloso M, Barros P, Gregório T, Paredes L, Pinho J, Castro S, Ribeiro M. Emergent carotid artery stenting in atherosclerotic disease of the internal carotid artery with tandem intracranial occlusion. J Neurol Sci 2018; 387:196-198. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jns.2018.02.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2017] [Revised: 01/21/2018] [Accepted: 02/20/2018] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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15
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de Donato G, Setacci F, Pasqui E, Benevento D, Palasciano G, Sterpetti A, di Marzo L, Setacci C. Early carotid artery stenting after onset neurologic symptoms. Semin Vasc Surg 2018; 31:15-20. [PMID: 29891028 DOI: 10.1053/j.semvascsurg.2018.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Multicenter clinical trials level 1 evidence favors the application of carotid endarterectomy in symptomatic patients, especially the in the elderly cohort. Carotid artery stenting has been proposed as a possible early alternative in selected patients after onset of ipsilateral neurologic symptoms. It is well known that treatment of acute stroke is time-dependent in patients with acute ischemic stroke caused by high-grade stenosis of the internal carotid artery, but intensive medical treatment in conjunction with intervention to improve stroke severity and clinical outcomes has not been established. Two major clinical concerns exist: (1) the risk of hemorrhagic infarction after cerebral revascularization in the acute stage and (2) application of carotid stenting in the acute embolic stage, which may be associated with continued embolic risk after carotid artery stenting compared to carotid endarterectomy, which removes the symptomatic plaque. This review summarizes the indications and results of early carotid artery stenting after onset of neurologic symptoms, considering the new carotid stents and cerebral protection systems available for clinical use and enhanced stenting techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gianmarco de Donato
- Department of Surgery, Unit of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, University of Siena, Viale Bracci, 53100 Siena Siena, Italy.
| | - Francesco Setacci
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Casa di Cura Giovanni XXIII, Monastier di Treviso, Italy
| | - Edoardo Pasqui
- Department of Surgery, Unit of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, University of Siena, Viale Bracci, 53100 Siena Siena, Italy
| | - Domenico Benevento
- Department of Surgery, Unit of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, University of Siena, Viale Bracci, 53100 Siena Siena, Italy
| | - Giancarlo Palasciano
- Department of Surgery, Unit of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, University of Siena, Viale Bracci, 53100 Siena Siena, Italy
| | - Antonio Sterpetti
- Department of Vascular Surgery, University Roma La Sapienza, Rome, Italy
| | - Luca di Marzo
- Department of Vascular Surgery, University Roma La Sapienza, Rome, Italy
| | - Carlo Setacci
- Department of Surgery, Unit of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, University of Siena, Viale Bracci, 53100 Siena Siena, Italy
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Pires Coelho A, Lobo M, Gouveia R, Silveira D, Campos J, Augusto R, Coelho N, Canedo A. Overview of evidence on emergency carotid stenting in patients with acute ischemic stroke due to tandem occlusions: a systematic review and meta-analysis. THE JOURNAL OF CARDIOVASCULAR SURGERY 2018; 60:693-702. [PMID: 29363895 DOI: 10.23736/s0021-9509.18.10312-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Endovascular intracranial thrombectomy (IT) has established itself as the standard of care in treating large-vessel anterior circulation acute ischemic stroke (AIS). However, internal carotid artery (ICA) stenosis/occlusion hampers distal access and controversy about simultaneous emergency ICA stenting ensues. The purpose of this review was to evaluate the safety of emergency ICA stenting in combination with IT for AIS with tandem occlusions. To our knowledge this is the first meta-analysis to evaluate emergency ICA stenting in tandem occlusions, combining results from studies with a control group. EVIDENCE ACQUISITION A meta-analysis was conducted according to the recommendations of the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) statement. EVIDENCE SYNTHESIS A total of 649 potentially relevant articles were initially selected. After reviewing at title or abstract level, 87 articles were read in full and 23 were included. These studies recruited 1000 patients, 220 submitted to IT with no emergency ICA stenting and 780 to IT and emergency ICA stenting. Successful revascularization (Thrombolysis in cerebral infarction scale [TICI] ≥2b) was achieved in 48.6-100%. Good outcome (modified Rankin scale [mRS] ≤2) ranged from 18.2-100%. Symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage (sICH) ranged from 0-45.7% (overall N.=168; 17.2%). Mortality at 90 days ranged from 0-45.4% (overall N.=114; 11.7%). Time to recanalization was significantly longer in the stenting group with an overall mean difference of 1.76 (95% CI: 1.59-1.93). CONCLUSIONS In this meta-analysis time to recanalization was significantly longer in the emergency ICA stenting group. There was no benefit from emergency stenting in parameters such as successful revascularization (TICI≥2b), clinical outcome (mRS≤2) or 90-day mortality. Data on sICH were scarce. Emergency ICA stenting appears to increase time to revascularization and increase the risk of complications with no demonstrated clinical benefit. Furthermore, no prospective, randomized controlled trials demonstrating relative efficacy and safety of concomitant ICA stenting have been published to date. Additional studies must be undertaken to define the role of angioplasty and stenting of the extracranial carotid arteries in the early management of acute stroke in tandem occlusions. Until then, we recommend that ICA stenting concomitant to thrombectomy in acute stroke patients should be avoided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreia Pires Coelho
- Department of Angiology and Vascular Surgery, Hospital of Vila Nova de Gaia and Espinho, Porto, Portugal - .,Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal -
| | - Miguel Lobo
- Department of Angiology and Vascular Surgery, Hospital of Vila Nova de Gaia and Espinho, Porto, Portugal
| | - Ricardo Gouveia
- Department of Angiology and Vascular Surgery, Hospital of Vila Nova de Gaia and Espinho, Porto, Portugal
| | - Diogo Silveira
- Department of Angiology and Vascular Surgery, Hospital of Vila Nova de Gaia and Espinho, Porto, Portugal
| | - Jacinta Campos
- Department of Angiology and Vascular Surgery, Hospital of Vila Nova de Gaia and Espinho, Porto, Portugal
| | - Rita Augusto
- Department of Angiology and Vascular Surgery, Hospital of Vila Nova de Gaia and Espinho, Porto, Portugal
| | - Nuno Coelho
- Department of Angiology and Vascular Surgery, Hospital of Vila Nova de Gaia and Espinho, Porto, Portugal
| | - Alexandra Canedo
- Department of Angiology and Vascular Surgery, Hospital of Vila Nova de Gaia and Espinho, Porto, Portugal
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Nakagawa N, Fukawa N, Tsuji K, Nakano N, Murakami S, Nagatsuka K, Kato A. Urgent Carotid Artery Stenting for Carotid-Related Stroke-in-Evolution. Oper Neurosurg (Hagerstown) 2018; 14:9-15. [PMID: 29253285 DOI: 10.1093/ons/opx073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2016] [Accepted: 03/08/2017] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Stroke-in-evolution (SIE) is a major outcome determinant in patients with acute ischemic stroke. The benefit of surgery for treatment of carotid artery-related SIE remains controversial. OBJECTIVE To retrospectively evaluate the use of carotid artery stenting (CAS) as a possible alternative treatment in patients with carotid-related SIE. METHODS Ten patients with carotid-related SIE were treated with CAS from May 2005 to December 2014. The mean initial National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) score was 5.4 ± 4.4. Two patients had total occlusion of the internal carotid artery, and 8 had severe stenosis. The mean interval from symptom onset to clinical deterioration was 2.9 ± 2.9 d. The mean NIHSS score after deterioration was 14.3 ± 4.5. In the hemodynamic assessment using perfusion imaging, the ipsilateral cerebral hemodynamics was impaired in 7 of 8 patients. RESULTS All patients underwent urgent CAS in the acute phase of SIE. Seven patients underwent CAS using flow reversal with or without distal protection. No procedure-related complications occurred in any patients, although 1 patient developed aspiration pneumonia. The mean NIHSS score 7 d after CAS was 4.8 ± 2.3. Six patients (60%) had a modified Rankin scale score of 0 to 2 at discharge. CONCLUSION Urgent CAS for carotid-related SIE with hemodynamic impairment appears to be an effective method for achieving good clinical outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nobuhiro Nakagawa
- Department of Neurosurgery, Kindai University Hospital, Osaka, Japan
| | - Norihito Fukawa
- Department of Neurosurgery, Kindai University Hospital, Osaka, Japan
| | - Kiyoshi Tsuji
- Department of Neurosurgery, Kindai University Hospital, Osaka, Japan
| | - Naoki Nakano
- Department of Neurosurgery, Kindai University Hospital, Osaka, Japan
| | - Saori Murakami
- Department of Neurosurgery, Kindai University Hospital, Osaka, Japan
| | | | - Amami Kato
- Department of Neurosurgery, Kindai University Hospital, Osaka, Japan
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Cerebral Hyperperfusion Syndrome After Endovascular Reperfusion Therapy in a Patient with Acute Internal Carotid Artery and Middle Cerebral Artery Occlusions. World Neurosurg 2017; 110:145-151. [PMID: 29146434 DOI: 10.1016/j.wneu.2017.11.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2017] [Revised: 11/02/2017] [Accepted: 11/04/2017] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cerebral hyperperfusion syndrome (CHS) is known to be a rare but devastating complication of carotid artery revascularization. Because patients with acute ischemic stroke due to acute major cerebral and/or cervical artery occlusion treated with endovascular reperfusion therapy may have impaired autoregulation in the cerebral vasculature, these patients may also develop CHS. Despite the growing number of endovascular reperfusion procedures for acute ischemic stroke, this complication has only rarely been reported. CASE DESCRIPTION A 77-year-old man developed acute cerebral infarction as the result of occlusions of the right internal carotid artery and right middle cerebral artery. After systemic intravenous injection of recombinant tissue-type plasminogen activator, endovascular reperfusion therapy was initiated. The occluded arteries were successfully recanalized with thrombectomy by using a stent retriever for the middle cerebral artery and stent placement for the origin of the internal carotid artery. However, head computed tomography obtained 12 hours after treatment showed acute intracranial hemorrhage that did not involve the ischemic lesions. Under evaluation with transcranial near-infrared spectroscopy and single-photon emission computed tomography, the hemorrhage was considered to have been caused by CHS after reperfusion therapy. CONCLUSIONS CHS may lead to unfavorable outcomes after reperfusion therapy for acute ischemic stroke. Recognizing clinical deterioration caused by CHS can be challenging in patients with neurologic disorders of acute ischemic stroke. Therefore, it is important to perform routine monitoring of regional cerebral oxygen saturation by using near-infrared spectroscopy, perform single-photon emission computed tomography promptly to evaluate cerebral blood flow, and maintain strict antihypertensive therapy to prevent CHS after reperfusion therapy.
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19
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Fong PY, Chuang WY, Huang YZ, Chang CH. Safety of carotid artery stent in repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation-The histopathological proof from swine carotid artery. Neurosci Lett 2017; 657:194-198. [PMID: 28782579 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2017.08.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2017] [Revised: 07/24/2017] [Accepted: 08/01/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS), including theta burst stimulation (TBS), is considered helpful for functional recovery in post-stroke patients. However, the safety is a common concern forusingr TMS for neuro-rehabilitation and research in patients with stents. METHOD Prolonged continuous theta burst stimulation (cTBS) with 1200 pulses at 50% of maximum output of Magstim Super Rapid2 was delivered in three different angles to a carotid stent placed in an isolated fresh swine carotid artery or on a table at a distance of 5cm. The possible migration and temperature change of the stent caused by cTBS was monitored by video recording and a digital thermometer, respectively. Histopathological study with hematoxylin and eosin stain were done on the vessel wall to identify possible micro thermal injury. RESULTS Stents in vessels did not cause any significant morphology change, such as thermal damage, after cTBS was given at three different angles. Neither visible migration nor significant temperature elevation was induced by cTBS. CONCLUSION There was no temperature change, thermal injury or migration after prolonged TBS at a high intensity, suggesting TBS is safe for clinical neuro-rehabilitation and physiological assessments in stroke patients with vascular stents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Po-Yu Fong
- Movement Disorder Division, Department of Neurology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, Taoyuan, Taiwan; Neuroscience Research Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Yu Chuang
- Department of Pathology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Ying-Zu Huang
- Movement Disorder Division, Department of Neurology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, Taoyuan, Taiwan; Neuroscience Research Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, Taoyuan, Taiwan; School of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan; Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, National Central University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Hung Chang
- School of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan; Stroke Center and Department of Neurology, Linkou Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan; Department of Electrical Engineering, College of Engineering, Chang Gung University, 259 Wen-Hwa 1 st Road, Kweishan, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan.
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Al-Mufti F, Amuluru K, Manning NW, Khan I, Peeling L, Gandhi CD, Prestigiacomo CJ, Pushchinska G, Fiorella D, Woo HH. Emergent carotid stenting and intra-arterial abciximab in acute ischemic stroke due to tandem occlusion. Br J Neurosurg 2017; 31:573-579. [PMID: 28298139 DOI: 10.1080/02688697.2017.1297377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Acute occlusions of the extracranial internal carotid artery (ICA) and a major intracranial artery respond poorly to intravenous tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) and present an endovascular challenge. The aim of our study was to retrospectively delineate the feasibility of the combined use of emergent carotid stenting and intra-arterial (IA) Abciximab with intracranial revascularization in the setting of acute ischemic stroke and carotid occlusions at our institution. METHODS Eleven patients with complete cervical carotid occlusion with or without concomitant intracranial ICA and/or MCA occlusion were identified from a single center, retrospective review of patients admitted to the Stroke unit. We evaluated all cases for complications of emergent cervical ICA recanalization employing carotid stenting and IA Abciximab. RESULTS All patients had complete cervical carotid occlusion with (n = 8) or without (n = 3) concomitant intracranial ICA and/or MCA occlusion. Successful emergent cervical ICA recanalization was achieved in all cases. All patients were administered IA Abciximab (dose range 6-17 mg, average 11.4 mg) immediately following the cervical carotid stenting. There was complete recanalization in all patients with no procedural morbidity or mortality. A single case (1/11, 9%) developed asymptomatic hemorrhagic transformation. Upon discharge, 9 patients (9/11, 82%) had a mRS of 0-2 and 2 patients (2/11, 18%) had a mRS of 3. CONCLUSIONS In acute ICA-MCA/distal ICA occlusions, extracranial stenting followed by intracranial IA Abciximab and thrombectomy appears feasible, effective, and safe. Further evaluation of this treatment strategy is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fawaz Al-Mufti
- a Department of Neurosurgery , Rutgers University School of Medicine , Newark , NJ , USA
| | - Krishna Amuluru
- a Department of Neurosurgery , Rutgers University School of Medicine , Newark , NJ , USA
| | - Nathan W Manning
- b Department of Neurosurgery , Columbia University Medical Center , New York , NY , USA
| | - Imad Khan
- c Department of Neurology , University of Maryland Medical Center , Baltimore , MD , USA
| | - Lissa Peeling
- d Department of Neurosurgery , University of Saskatchewan , Saskatoon , SK , Canada
| | - Chirag D Gandhi
- a Department of Neurosurgery , Rutgers University School of Medicine , Newark , NJ , USA
| | | | - Galyna Pushchinska
- e Department of Neurosurgery , State University of New York at Stony Brook , Stony Brook , NY , USA
| | - David Fiorella
- e Department of Neurosurgery , State University of New York at Stony Brook , Stony Brook , NY , USA
| | - Henry H Woo
- e Department of Neurosurgery , State University of New York at Stony Brook , Stony Brook , NY , USA
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Mpotsaris A, Kabbasch C, Borggrefe J, Gontu V, Soderman M. Stenting of the cervical internal carotid artery in acute stroke management: The Karolinska experience. Interv Neuroradiol 2016; 23:159-165. [PMID: 28304205 DOI: 10.1177/1591019916681983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Emergency stent placement in the extracranial internal carotid artery in combination with anterior circulation thrombectomy is a routine procedure. Yet, precise indications and clinical safety in this setting remains controversial. Present data for mechanical thrombectomy include few studies with acute stenting of tandem occlusions. We evaluated the feasibility, safety and clinical outcome of this endovascular treatment in a retrospective analysis of all consecutive cases at a comprehensive stroke centre. Methods This was a retrospective analysis of all consecutive patients with acute extracranial carotid artery occlusion including acute dissection or high-grade stenosis and concomitant intracranial large-vessel occlusion treated with emergency carotid stenting and intracranial mechanical thrombectomy between November 2007 and May 2015. Results A total of 63 patients with a median age of 67 years (range 33-84 years) were treated. Of these, 33 (52%) patients had concomitant intravenous thrombolysis with recombinant tissue-type plasminogen activator initially. Median admission National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale was 14 (range 1-29). Median time from stroke onset to recanalization was 408 minutes (range 165-1846 minutes). Procedure time was significantly shorter after intravenous thrombolysis (110 minutes [range 15-202 minutes] vs. 130 minutes [range 60-280 minutes]; p = 0.02). Three (5%) patients experienced post-procedural symptomatic intracerebral haemorrhage. In 55/63 (87%) patients, a score of ≥2b on the Thrombolysis in Cerebral Infarction scale could be achieved. Eight (13%) patients died, five (8%) during the acute phase. A total of 29/63 (46%) patients showed a favourable outcome (modified Rankin Scale score of 0-2) after three months. Conclusions Our single-centre retrospective analysis of emergency stent placement in the extracranial internal carotid artery in combination with anterior circulation thrombectomy demonstrated high technical success, reasonable clinical outcomes and acceptable rates of symptomatic intracranial haemorrhage in carefully chosen patients which are triaged interdisciplinary based on clinical and computed tomography imaging criteria. This warrants further study in a randomised prospective trial.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Jan Borggrefe
- 1 Department of Neuroradiology, University Hospital of Cologne, Germany
| | - Vamsi Gontu
- 2 Neuroradiology, Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust, UK.,3 Department of Neuroradiology, Karolinska University Hospital, Sweden
| | - Michael Soderman
- 3 Department of Neuroradiology, Karolinska University Hospital, Sweden
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Steglich-Arnholm H, Holtmannspötter M, Gluud C, Krieger DW. Carotid artery stenting versus no stenting assisting thrombectomy for acute ischaemic stroke: protocol for a systematic review of randomised clinical trials with meta-analyses and trial sequential analyses. Syst Rev 2016; 5:208. [PMID: 27906117 PMCID: PMC5133765 DOI: 10.1186/s13643-016-0388-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2016] [Accepted: 11/21/2016] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In patients with intracranial large vessel arterial occlusion, ipsilateral extracranial carotid artery occlusions or near-occlusions pose a significant hurdle in endovascular management of acute ischaemic stroke. Stenting of the carotid lesion may be beneficial in this situation to provide a stable access for introducing catheters through the carotid lesion into the intracranial vasculature and the target occlusion. Furthermore, carotid stenting may ensure ample blood flow for wash-out of clot material and reperfusion of the ischaemic penumbral tissue. However, antiplatelet therapy administered to prevent stent thrombosis and sudden increase in blood flow after reopening of the carotid lesion may increase the risk for intracranial haemorrhagic complications. This review aims to assess the benefits and harms of carotid stenting vs. no stenting assisting thrombectomy for acute ischaemic stroke. METHODS International and regional electronic databases will be searched to identify eligible randomised clinical trials. To identify further published, unpublished, or on-going and planned trials searches of Google Scholar, Worldwide Food and Drug Administrations, Worldwide Medicines Agencies, company homepages, reference lists, conference proceedings, and the Science Citation Index cited reference search index will be conducted. Manufacturers of relevant interventional equipment, authors, colleagues, and researchers active in the field will be contacted. No language restrictions will be applied to these searches. Randomised clinical trials will be included for assessing benefits and harms and quasi-randomised studies, and observational studies will be included for assessing harms of the intervention. Meta-analyses will be performed according to the recommendations of the Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions, and Trial Sequential Analyses will be conducted to control the risk of random errors and prevent premature statements of superiority of the experimental or control intervention or premature statement of futility. The quality of the evidence will be evaluated with the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation. DISCUSSION This systematic review of carotid stenting in endovascular management of acute ischaemic stroke in patients with concomitant extracranial carotid lesions and intracranial embolism will assess benefits and harms of this intervention and assesses whether carotid stenting should be encouraged or avoided in acute ischaemic stroke and identify targets for further research. SYSTEMATIC REVIEW REGISTRATION PROSPERO CRD42016033346.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henrik Steglich-Arnholm
- Department of Neurology, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, 2082, Rigshospitalet, Blegdamsvej 9, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Markus Holtmannspötter
- Department of Neuroradiology, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Christian Gluud
- The Copenhagen Trial Unit, Centre for Clinical Intervention Research, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Derk Wolfgang Krieger
- Deptartment of Neurology Comprehensive Stroke Center, University Hospital, Zurich, Switzerland
- Deptartment of Neurology Mediclinic City Hospital, Stroke Unit, Dubai Health Care City, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
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Al-Mufti F, Dancour E, Amuluru K, Prestigiacomo C, Mayer SA, Connolly ES, Claassen J, Willey JZ, Meyers PM. Neurocritical Care of Emergent Large-Vessel Occlusion: The Era of a New Standard of Care. J Intensive Care Med 2016; 32:373-386. [PMID: 27435906 DOI: 10.1177/0885066616656361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Acute ischemic stroke continues to be one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Recent advances in mechanical thrombectomy techniques combined with prereperfusion computed tomographic angiography for patient selection have revolutionized stroke care in the past year. Peri- and postinterventional neurocritical care of the patient who has had an emergent large-vessel occlusion is likely an equally important contributor to the outcome but has been relatively neglected. Critical periprocedural management issues include streamlining care to speed intervention, blood pressure optimization, reversal of anticoagulation, management of agitation, and selection of anesthetic technique (ie, general vs monitored anesthesia care). Postprocedural critical care issues that might modulate neurological outcome include blood pressure and glucose optimization, avoidance of fever or hyperoxia, fluid and nutritional management, and early integration of rehabilitation into the intensive care unit setting. In this review, we sought to lay down an evidence-based strategy for patients with acute ischemic stroke undergoing emergent endovascular reperfusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fawaz Al-Mufti
- 1 Department of Neurology, Columbia University Medical Center, Neurological Institute of New York, New York, NY, USA
| | - Elie Dancour
- 1 Department of Neurology, Columbia University Medical Center, Neurological Institute of New York, New York, NY, USA
| | - Krishna Amuluru
- 2 Department of Neurosurgery and Neuroscience; Rutgers University School of Medicine, Newark, NJ, USA
| | - Charles Prestigiacomo
- 2 Department of Neurosurgery and Neuroscience; Rutgers University School of Medicine, Newark, NJ, USA
| | - Stephan A Mayer
- 3 Departments of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Ichan School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - E Sander Connolly
- 4 Department of Neurosurgery, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jan Claassen
- 5 Departments of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Joshua Z Willey
- 1 Department of Neurology, Columbia University Medical Center, Neurological Institute of New York, New York, NY, USA
| | - Philip M Meyers
- 6 Departments of Neurosurgery and Radiology; Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
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Adachi K, Sadato A, Hayakawa M, Maeda S, Hirose Y. Acute carotid artery stenting in symptomatic high-grade cervical carotid artery stenosis. Neurosurg Rev 2016; 40:45-51. [DOI: 10.1007/s10143-016-0737-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2015] [Revised: 04/05/2016] [Accepted: 04/09/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Lucena AFD, Castro-Afonso LHD, Monsignore LM, Nakiri GS, Fábio SRC, Pontes Neto O, Abud DG. Carotid artery stenting in the context of endovascular treatment of acute ischemic stroke. ARQUIVOS DE NEURO-PSIQUIATRIA 2016; 74:212-8. [PMID: 27050850 DOI: 10.1590/0004-282x20150213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2015] [Accepted: 11/09/2015] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Mechanical thrombectomy as an adjunctive to intravenous thrombolysis is now the standard treatment for acute ischemic stroke (AIS) due to large vessel occlusions. However, the best management of acute carotid tandem occlusions (CTO) remains controversial. Method Twenty patients underwent endovascular treatment of acute CTO. The primary endpoint was the composite rate of complete or partial recanalization without a symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage (sICH). Secondary endpoints were recanalization times, procedure times, and clinical outcomes at three months. Results The primary endpoint was reached in 17 (85%) patients. Recanalization rate was reached in 90% of patients (19/20) and sICH rate was 5% (1/20). At the 3-month follow-up we obtained a mRS ≤ 2 rate of 35% (7/20) and a mortality rate of 20% (4/20). Conclusion Carotid angioplasty stenting and endovascular treatment of AIS due to CTO appears effective with an acceptable rate of sICH.
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De Rango P, Brown MM, Chaturvedi S, Howard VJ, Jovin T, Mazya MV, Paciaroni M, Manzone A, Farchioni L, Caso V. Summary of Evidence on Early Carotid Intervention for Recently Symptomatic Stenosis Based on Meta-Analysis of Current Risks. Stroke 2015; 46:3423-36. [DOI: 10.1161/strokeaha.115.010764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2015] [Accepted: 09/14/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Background and Purpose—
This study aimed to assess the evidence on the periprocedural (<30 days) risks of carotid intervention in relation to timing of procedure in patients with recently symptomatic carotid stenosis.
Methods—
A systematic literature review of studies published in the past 8 years reporting periprocedural stroke/death after carotid endarterectomy (CEA) and carotid stenting (CAS) related to the time between qualifying neurological symptoms and intervention was performed. Pooled estimates of periprocedural risk for patients treated within 0 to 48 hours, 0 to 7 days, and 0 to 15 days were derived with proportional meta-analyses and reported separately for patients with stroke and transient ischemic attack as index events.
Results—
Of 47 studies included, 35 were on CEA, 7 on CAS, and 5 included both procedures. The pooled risk of periprocedural stroke was 3.4% (95% confidence interval [CI], 2.6–4.3) after CEA and 4.8% (95% CI, 2.5–7.8) after CAS performed <15 days; stroke/death rates were 3.8% and 6.9% after CEA and CAS, respectively. Pooled periprocedural stroke risk was 3.3% (95% CI, 2.1–4.6) after CEA and 4.8% (95% CI, 2.5–7.8) after CAS when performed within 0 to 7 days. In hyperacute surgery (<48 hours), periprocedural stroke risk after CEA was 5.3% (95% CI, 2.8–8.4) but with relevant risk differences among patients treated after transient ischemic attack (2.7%; 95% CI, 0.5–6.9) or stroke (8.0%; 95% CI, 4.6–12.2) as index.
Conclusions—
CEA within 15 days from stroke/transient ischemic attack can be performed with periprocedural stroke risk <3.5%. CAS within the same period may carry a stroke risk of 4.8%. Similar periprocedural risks occur after CEA and CAS performed earlier, within 0 to 7 days. Carotid revascularization can be safely performed within the first week (0–7 days) after symptom onset.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola De Rango
- From the Unit of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Department of Surgical and Biomedical Sciences (P.D.R., A.M., L.F.) and Stroke Unit, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine (M.P., V.C.), Hospital S.M. Misericordia, Perugia, Italy; Department of Brain Repair and Rehabilitation, UCL Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, United Kingdom (M.M.B.); Department of Neurology and Stroke Program, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, FL (S.C.); Department of Epidemiology, School
| | - Martin M. Brown
- From the Unit of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Department of Surgical and Biomedical Sciences (P.D.R., A.M., L.F.) and Stroke Unit, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine (M.P., V.C.), Hospital S.M. Misericordia, Perugia, Italy; Department of Brain Repair and Rehabilitation, UCL Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, United Kingdom (M.M.B.); Department of Neurology and Stroke Program, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, FL (S.C.); Department of Epidemiology, School
| | - Seemant Chaturvedi
- From the Unit of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Department of Surgical and Biomedical Sciences (P.D.R., A.M., L.F.) and Stroke Unit, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine (M.P., V.C.), Hospital S.M. Misericordia, Perugia, Italy; Department of Brain Repair and Rehabilitation, UCL Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, United Kingdom (M.M.B.); Department of Neurology and Stroke Program, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, FL (S.C.); Department of Epidemiology, School
| | - Virginia J. Howard
- From the Unit of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Department of Surgical and Biomedical Sciences (P.D.R., A.M., L.F.) and Stroke Unit, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine (M.P., V.C.), Hospital S.M. Misericordia, Perugia, Italy; Department of Brain Repair and Rehabilitation, UCL Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, United Kingdom (M.M.B.); Department of Neurology and Stroke Program, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, FL (S.C.); Department of Epidemiology, School
| | - Tudor Jovin
- From the Unit of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Department of Surgical and Biomedical Sciences (P.D.R., A.M., L.F.) and Stroke Unit, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine (M.P., V.C.), Hospital S.M. Misericordia, Perugia, Italy; Department of Brain Repair and Rehabilitation, UCL Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, United Kingdom (M.M.B.); Department of Neurology and Stroke Program, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, FL (S.C.); Department of Epidemiology, School
| | - Michael V. Mazya
- From the Unit of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Department of Surgical and Biomedical Sciences (P.D.R., A.M., L.F.) and Stroke Unit, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine (M.P., V.C.), Hospital S.M. Misericordia, Perugia, Italy; Department of Brain Repair and Rehabilitation, UCL Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, United Kingdom (M.M.B.); Department of Neurology and Stroke Program, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, FL (S.C.); Department of Epidemiology, School
| | - Maurizio Paciaroni
- From the Unit of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Department of Surgical and Biomedical Sciences (P.D.R., A.M., L.F.) and Stroke Unit, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine (M.P., V.C.), Hospital S.M. Misericordia, Perugia, Italy; Department of Brain Repair and Rehabilitation, UCL Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, United Kingdom (M.M.B.); Department of Neurology and Stroke Program, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, FL (S.C.); Department of Epidemiology, School
| | - Alessandra Manzone
- From the Unit of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Department of Surgical and Biomedical Sciences (P.D.R., A.M., L.F.) and Stroke Unit, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine (M.P., V.C.), Hospital S.M. Misericordia, Perugia, Italy; Department of Brain Repair and Rehabilitation, UCL Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, United Kingdom (M.M.B.); Department of Neurology and Stroke Program, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, FL (S.C.); Department of Epidemiology, School
| | - Luca Farchioni
- From the Unit of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Department of Surgical and Biomedical Sciences (P.D.R., A.M., L.F.) and Stroke Unit, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine (M.P., V.C.), Hospital S.M. Misericordia, Perugia, Italy; Department of Brain Repair and Rehabilitation, UCL Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, United Kingdom (M.M.B.); Department of Neurology and Stroke Program, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, FL (S.C.); Department of Epidemiology, School
| | - Valeria Caso
- From the Unit of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Department of Surgical and Biomedical Sciences (P.D.R., A.M., L.F.) and Stroke Unit, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine (M.P., V.C.), Hospital S.M. Misericordia, Perugia, Italy; Department of Brain Repair and Rehabilitation, UCL Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, United Kingdom (M.M.B.); Department of Neurology and Stroke Program, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, FL (S.C.); Department of Epidemiology, School
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Steglich-Arnholm H, Krieger DW. Carotid stent-assisted thrombectomy in acute ischemic stroke. Future Cardiol 2015; 11:615-32. [PMID: 26406551 DOI: 10.2217/fca.15.54] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute carotid occlusion or near-occlusion with concomitant intracranial embolism cause severe acute ischemic strokes in patients. These concomitant occlusions have suggested poor response to intravenous thrombolysis and complicate endovascular treatment. Nevertheless, endovascular stent-assisted thrombectomy may improve outcome in patients but the treatment is not without concerns. Required antiplatelet therapy to prevent stent thrombosis may increase the rate of intracranial hemorrhage, especially after recent thrombolysis. Furthermore, technical difficulties in access of the intracranial vasculature may cause adverse events, even in the hands of experienced interventionalists. These concerns currently defy the treatment in being recommended for general use and only on a compassionate basis. However, recent patient series have suggested reasonable safety and efficacy for carotid stent-assisted thrombectomy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Derk W Krieger
- Department of Neurology, Rigshospitalet, Blegdamsvej 9, Copenhagen 2100, Denmark.,Faculty of Health & Medical Science, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3B, København N 2200, Denmark
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Woodward K, Wegryn S, Staruk C, Nyberg EM. The Dotter method revisited: early experience with a novel method of rapid internal carotid artery revascularization in the setting of acute ischemic stroke. J Neurointerv Surg 2015; 8:360-6. [PMID: 25636305 DOI: 10.1136/neurintsurg-2014-011587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2014] [Accepted: 01/19/2015] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tandem occlusive disease in the setting of acute ischemic stroke involving cervical and cerebral arteries has been associated with poor neurological outcome and poses significant challenges to neurointerventionists. Previously described endovascular methods typically involve carotid revascularization with stent placement prior to or following intracranial thrombectomy. Stent-based approaches, however, require the use of antiplatelet therapy which may increase the risk of hemorrhagic transformation. We describe a novel modified Dotter technique which may be used for carotid revascularization in lieu of stenting. This technique can eliminate the need for antiplatelet therapy, reduce procedure times, and possibly reduce hemorrhagic conversion rates. METHODS Seven patients presenting between April 2013 and January 2014 were treated with this technique. All patients had carotid stenosis of 65-100% and tandem middle cerebral artery occlusions. National Institutes of Health (NIH) Stroke Scale scores as well as clinical and procedural times were recorded. Pre- and post-Dotter stenosis was measured using the NASCET criteria. Follow-up imaging and clinical data were reviewed. RESULTS The mean age was 64 years and mean initial NIH Stroke Scale score was 11.7. Mean groin to recanalization time was 26 min. Thrombolysis In Cerebral Infarction grade 2b-3 was achieved in all patients. The mean stenosis was 88% preoperatively and 61% postoperatively. There were no intracranial hemorrhages. The modified Rankin Scale score was 0 in six patients (86%) and 6 in one patient (14%). CONCLUSIONS The Dotter stroke technique is a feasible and safe alternative to carotid stenting in the setting of acute ischemic stroke and may reduce the risk of hemorrhagic conversion. No re-occlusion occurred during follow-up in patients with post-Dotter stenosis ≤65%.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Carla Staruk
- Fort Sanders Regional Medical Center, Knoxville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Eric M Nyberg
- Department of Radiology, University of Colorado, Aurora, Colorado, USA
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Lockau H, Liebig T, Henning T, Neuschmelting V, Stetefeld H, Kabbasch C, Dorn F. Mechanical thrombectomy in tandem occlusion: procedural considerations and clinical results. Neuroradiology 2014; 57:589-98. [PMID: 25404414 DOI: 10.1007/s00234-014-1465-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2014] [Accepted: 11/04/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Acute tandem occlusions of the cervical and distal internal carotid artery (ICA) or middle cerebral artery (MCA) are associated with major stroke with intravenous (i.v.) thrombolysis alone in approximately 90 % of patients. The data on endovascular management of tandem occlusions is still limited. The purpose of this study was to review technical aspects and the current state of the literature on acute ICA stenting in combination with stent retriever-based intracranial thrombectomy. METHODS We retrospectively reviewed the data of 37 consecutive patients with tandem occlusions including clinical parameters, angiographic results, procedural aspects, complications, and hemorrhages. RESULTS Median National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) on admission was 17 (3-30). Intracranial thrombectomy was performed prior to ICA stenting in 25/37 (67.6 %) and after stenting in 12/37 (32.4 %) patients. ICA stenting was successful in all cases, and a thrombolysis in cerebral infarction (TICI) scale 2b/3 result was achieved in 27/37 (73 %) cases. The mean angiography time was significantly shorter in the "thrombectomy first" group (43.1 ± 30.8 vs. 110.8 ± 43.0 min, p < 0.001), and more patients had favorable outcomes after 3 months (13/25 = 52.0 vs. 4/12 = 33.3 %, p = 0.319). In this group, intermediate catheters were used and successfully prevented embolism to unaffected territories in all cases. CONCLUSION Acute stenting of the cervical ICA in combination with intracranial thrombectomy was technically feasible and safe in our series. Thrombectomy prior to proximal stenting was associated with shorter reperfusion times and a tendency towards better clinical outcome leading to a good outcome in about 50 % of the patients. Therefore, we recommend this approach in tandem occlusion requiring stent angioplasty.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Lockau
- Department of Radiology, University Hospital of Cologne, Kerpenerstr. 62, 50937, Cologne, Germany
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