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Bae JW, Hyun DK. Endovascular Thrombectomy for Acute Ischemic Stroke : Current Concept in Management. J Korean Neurosurg Soc 2024; 67:397-410. [PMID: 38549263 PMCID: PMC11220414 DOI: 10.3340/jkns.2023.0181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2023] [Revised: 10/30/2023] [Accepted: 11/23/2023] [Indexed: 07/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Endovascular thrombectomy (EVT) has been established as the standard of care in the treatment of acute ischemic stroke (AIS) based on landmark randomized controlled trials. Nevertheless, while the strict eligibility of EVT for AIS patients restrict the wide application of EVT, a considerable population still undergoes off-label EVT. Besides, it is important to acknowledge that recanalization is not achieved in approximately 20% of procedures, and more than 50% of patients who undergo EVT still do not experience a favorable outcome. This article reviews the brief history of EVT trials and recent progressions in the treatment of AIS, with focusing on the expanding eligibility criteria, new target for EVT, and the evolution of EVT techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Woo Bae
- Department of Neurosurgery, Inha University Hospital, Incheon, Korea
- Incheon Regional Cardio-cerebrovascular Disease Center, Incheon, Korea
| | - Dong Keun Hyun
- Department of Neurosurgery, Inha University Hospital, Incheon, Korea
- Incheon Regional Cardio-cerebrovascular Disease Center, Incheon, Korea
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2
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Wu C, Wang J, Zhang L, Yan F, Yang Z, He L, Guo J. Effect of massive cerebellar infarction on the outcomes of patients with acute basilar artery occlusion during hospitalization after endovascular treatment: A retrospective study. Medicine (Baltimore) 2023; 102:e34154. [PMID: 37478217 PMCID: PMC10662876 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000034154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2023] [Accepted: 06/09/2023] [Indexed: 07/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Acute basilar artery occlusion (ABAO) after endovascular treatment (EVT) is often associated with a poor prognosis, particularly in patients with cerebellar infarction who may develop malignant cerebellar edema. The present study aimed to investigate how massive cerebellar infarction (MCI) affects hospitalization outcomes in ABVO patients who undergo EVT. We conducted a retrospective study of ABVO patients who underwent EVT at our hospital between September 2017 and September 2022. MCI was diagnosed using imaging techniques, and various prognostic scores were assessed during hospitalization to examine the relationship between MCI and these outcomes. We identified 42 ABAO patients, of whom 22 (52.4%) had MCI. Patients with MCI had a higher modified Rankin Scale (mRS) score at discharge compared to those without MCI (4.36 ± 1.14 vs 3.05 ± 1.85, P = .042, odds ratio [OR] (95% confidence interval [CI]) = 1.093 (0.083, 2.103)), and a lower Glasgow Coma Scale score (6.59 ± 4.0 vs 10.10 ± 5.07, P = .036, OR (95% CI) = -3.444 (-6.518, -0.369)). MCI was identified as an independent risk factor for an extremely poor prognosis (mRS ≥ 5) at discharge (P = .036, OR (95% CI) = 15.531 (1.603, 313.026)) and for no improvement in mRS score compared to onset (P = .013, OR (95% CI) = 0.025 (0.001, 0.274)). Additionally, an extremely poor prognosis was independently associated with stent implantation, EVT duration, and body mass index, while mRS score improvement was correlated with EVT duration and pulmonary infection. MCI in ABAO patients is a significant independent risk factor for a poor prognosis at discharge and no improvement in function score compared to onset. Early diagnosis and intervention are necessary to improve outcomes, particularly in high-risk populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuyue Wu
- Department of Neurology, Chongqing University Three Gorges Hospital, Chongqing, P.R. China
- School of Medicine, Chongqing University, Chongqing, P.R. China
- Chongqing Municipality Clinical Research Center for Geriatric diseases, Chongqing University Three Gorges Hospital, Chongqing, P.R. China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment on Brain Functional Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, P.R. China
| | - Jing Wang
- Department of Neurology, Chongqing University Three Gorges Hospital, Chongqing, P.R. China
- School of Medicine, Chongqing University, Chongqing, P.R. China
- Chongqing Municipality Clinical Research Center for Geriatric diseases, Chongqing University Three Gorges Hospital, Chongqing, P.R. China
- Affiliated Yongchuan Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, P.R. China
| | - Lina Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Chongqing University Three Gorges Hospital, Chongqing, P.R. China
- School of Medicine, Chongqing University, Chongqing, P.R. China
- Chongqing Municipality Clinical Research Center for Geriatric diseases, Chongqing University Three Gorges Hospital, Chongqing, P.R. China
| | - Fei Yan
- School of Medicine, Chongqing University, Chongqing, P.R. China
- Chongqing Municipality Clinical Research Center for Geriatric diseases, Chongqing University Three Gorges Hospital, Chongqing, P.R. China
| | - Zhenjie Yang
- Department of Radiology, Chongqing University Three Gorges Hospital, Chongqing, P.R. China
| | - Lei He
- Department of Neurology, Chongqing University Three Gorges Hospital, Chongqing, P.R. China
| | - Jing Guo
- Department of Neurology, Chongqing University Three Gorges Hospital, Chongqing, P.R. China
- School of Medicine, Chongqing University, Chongqing, P.R. China
- Chongqing Municipality Clinical Research Center for Geriatric diseases, Chongqing University Three Gorges Hospital, Chongqing, P.R. China
- Affiliated Yongchuan Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, P.R. China
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3
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Hirai S, Hirakawa A, Fujita K, Ishiwada T, Sasaki M, Yoshimura M, Shigeta K, Sato Y, Yamada K, Ishikawa M, Sagawa H, Aoyama J, Fujii S, Ishii Y, Sawada K, Obata Y, Karakama J, Hara M, Kawano Y, Nemoto S, Sumita K. Imaging predictors of clinical outcomes after endovascular treatment in MRI-selected patients with acute basilar artery occlusion. Clin Neurol Neurosurg 2023; 231:107824. [PMID: 37320887 DOI: 10.1016/j.clineuro.2023.107824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2023] [Revised: 05/16/2023] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE We aimed to investigate the impact of baseline infarct area and collateral status (CS), which are imaging predictors of clinical outcome following stroke, after endovascular treatment (EVT) in MRI-selected patients with acute basilar artery occlusion (BAO). METHODS Patients with acute BAO who underwent EVT within 24 h after stroke from December 2013 to February 2021 were included in this retrospective, multicenter, observational study. The baseline infarct area was evaluated by the posterior circulation of Acute Stroke Prognosis Early Computed Tomography Score (pc-ASPECTS) using diffuse-weighted imaging (DWI), and CS was assessed by measuring the computed tomography angiography of the basilar artery (BATMAN) score and the posterior circulation collateral score (PC-CS) using magnetic resonance angiography (MRA). A Good outcome was defined as a modified Rankin scale score ≤ 3 at 3 months. For each imaging predictor, a multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed to evaluate its impact on good outcomes. RESULTS A total of 86 patients were analyzed, and 37 (43.0%) had a good outcome. The latter showed significantly higher pc-ASPECTS than those without good outcomes. In multivariate analyses, a pc-ASPECTS ≥ 7 was significantly associated with good outcomes (OR, 2.98 [95% CI, 1.10-8.13], P = 0.032), while PC-CS ≥ 4 (OR, 2.49 [95% CI, 0.92-6.74], P = 0.073) and BATMAN score ≥ 5 (OR, 1.51 [95% CI, 0.58-3.98], P = 0.401) were not. CONCLUSIONS In MRI-selected patients with acute BAO, pc-ASPECTS on DWI was an independent predictor of clinical outcomes after EVT, while the MRA-based CS assessments were not.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sakyo Hirai
- Department of Endovascular surgery, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Akihiro Hirakawa
- Department of Clinical Biostatistics, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kyohei Fujita
- Department of Endovascular surgery, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | - Masanao Sasaki
- Department of Clinical Biostatistics, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masataka Yoshimura
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tsuchiura Kyodo General Hospital, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Keigo Shigeta
- Department of Neurosurgery, National Hospital Organization Disaster Medical Center, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yohei Sato
- Department of Neurosurgery, Japanese Red Cross Musashino Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kenji Yamada
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shuuwa General Hospital, Saitama, Japan
| | - Mariko Ishikawa
- Department of Endovascular surgery, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hirotaka Sagawa
- Department of Endovascular surgery, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Jiro Aoyama
- Department of Endovascular surgery, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shoko Fujii
- Department of Endovascular surgery, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yosuke Ishii
- Department of Neurosurgery, Kanto Rosai Hospital, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Kana Sawada
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tokyo Bay Urayasu Ichikawa Medical Center, Chiba, Japan
| | - Yoshiki Obata
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tokyo-Kita Medical Center, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Jun Karakama
- Department of Neurosurgery, Oume Municipal General Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mutsuya Hara
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tokyo Metropolitan Toshima Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoshihisa Kawano
- Department of Neurosurgery, JA Toride Medical Center, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Shigeru Nemoto
- Department of Neurosurgery, Kanto Rosai Hospital, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Kazutaka Sumita
- Department of Endovascular surgery, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan.
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Liu L, Wang M, Wang Y, Yu Z, Miao Z. Prognostic value of pretreatment diffusion-weighted imaging score for acute basilar artery occlusion with successful endovascular recanalization. Neuroradiology 2023; 65:619-627. [PMID: 36409324 DOI: 10.1007/s00234-022-03090-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2022] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The aim of this study is to test the prognostic value of a diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) score in acute basilar artery occlusion (ABAO) with successful recanalization. METHODS The DWI-based pons-midbrain and thalamus (PMT) score was developed to assess posterior circulation infarcts. We test its prognostic value and compare it with other two established scales, the DWI-based posterior circulation acute stroke prognosis Early CT score (PC-ASPECTS) and brain stem score (BSS). A retrospective cohort of consecutive ABAO patients with pretreatment magnetic resonance imaging and successful recanalization (defined as modified Thrombolysis in Cerebral Infarction 2b-3) were analyzed. A favorable outcome was defined as a 90-day modified Rankin Scale (mRS) score of 2 or less. The prognostic performance of three scales was estimated by receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analyses. RESULTS One hundred and sixteen eligible patients (mean age, 59.1 ± 11.7 [standard deviation]; 96 [82.8%] man) were included and evaluated. Between favorable (mRS ≤ 2) and unfavorable groups, the baseline PMT score (median [interquartile range], 3 [1-4] versus 6 [5-8]; P < 0.001) differs significantly. ROC curve analyses showed the PMT score had the best prognostic value for favorable outcome (area under the curve, PMT versus BSS versus PC-ASPECTS = 0.80 versus 0.72 versus 0.68, P = 0.010). Multivariate logistic regression analyses showed baseline National Institute of Health stroke scale (OR, 0.90 [95%CI, 0.86-0.95], P = 0.004) and PMT score < 5 (OR, 17.83 [95%CI, 3.91-81.19], P < 0.001) were independent prognostic factors of favorable outcome. CONCLUSIONS The PMT score seems to predict clinical outcome of ABAO patients with successful recanalization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lian Liu
- Department of Interventional Neuroradiology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
| | - Meiping Wang
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yuanyuan Wang
- Image Processing Center, Beihang University, Beijing, 102206, China
| | - Zequan Yu
- Department of Interventional Neuroradiology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhongrong Miao
- Department of Interventional Neuroradiology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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Guo X, Xiong Y, Huang X, Pan Z, Kang X, Chen C, Zhou J, Wang C, Lin S, Hu W, Wang L, Zheng F. Aspiration versus stent retriever for posterior circulation stroke: A meta-analysis. CNS Neurosci Ther 2022; 29:525-537. [PMID: 36513959 PMCID: PMC9873527 DOI: 10.1111/cns.14045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2022] [Revised: 11/15/2022] [Accepted: 11/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS New thrombectomy strategies have emerged recently. Differences between posterior circulation stroke management via aspiration and stent retriever remain to be evaluated. We compared the safety and efficacy of aspiration and stent retriever in treating posterior circulation stroke. METHODS Three databases (PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane Library) were systematically searched for studies comparing aspiration and stent retriever in patients with posterior circulation stroke. The modified Newcastle-Ottawa scale was used to assess the risk of bias. A random-effects model was used. RESULTS Fifteen cohort studies with 1451 patients were included. Pooled results showed a significant difference in total complication (odds ratio [OR] 0.48, 95% confidence interval [CI] [0.30, 0.76], p = 0.002). successful recanalization (1.85, [1.30, 2.64], p = 0.0006), favorable outcome (1.30, [1.02, 1.67], p = 0.04), procedure duration (-22.10, [-43.32, -0.88], p = 0.04), complete recanalization (4.96, [1.06, 23.16], p = 0.009), and first-pass effect (2.59, [1.55, 4.32], p = 0.0003) between the aspiration and stent retriever groups, and in favor of aspiration. There was no significant difference in the outcomes of rescue therapy (1.42, [0.66, 3.05], p = 0.37) between the two groups. CONCLUSION Patients with posterior circulation stroke receiving treatment with aspiration achieved better recanalization, first-pass effect, and shorter procedure time. Aspiration may be more secure than a stent retriever.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiumei Guo
- Department of NeurologyThe Second Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical UniversityQuanzhouChina,Department of NeurosurgeryThe Second Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical UniversityQuanzhouChina
| | - Yu Xiong
- Department of NeurosurgeryThe Second Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical UniversityQuanzhouChina
| | - Xinyue Huang
- Department of NeurosurgeryThe Second Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical UniversityQuanzhouChina
| | - Zhigang Pan
- Department of NeurosurgeryThe Second Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical UniversityQuanzhouChina
| | - Xiaodong Kang
- Department of NeurosurgeryThe Second Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical UniversityQuanzhouChina
| | - Chunhui Chen
- Department of NeurosurgeryThe Second Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical UniversityQuanzhouChina
| | - Jianfeng Zhou
- Department of NeurosurgeryThe Second Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical UniversityQuanzhouChina
| | - Cui'e Wang
- Department of NeurosurgeryThe Second Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical UniversityQuanzhouChina
| | - Shu Lin
- Centre of Neurological and Metabolic ResearchThe Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical UniversityQuanzhouChina,Diabetes and Metabolism DivisionGarvan Institute of Medical ResearchSydneyNew South WalesAustralia
| | - Weipeng Hu
- Department of NeurosurgeryThe Second Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical UniversityQuanzhouChina
| | - Lingxing Wang
- Department of NeurologyThe Second Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical UniversityQuanzhouChina
| | - Feng Zheng
- Department of NeurosurgeryThe Second Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical UniversityQuanzhouChina
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6
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Liu C, Li F, Liu S, Chen Q, Sang H, Yang Q, Zhou K, Zi W. Neutrophil Count Predicts Malignant Cerebellar Edema and Poor Outcome in Acute Basilar Artery Occlusion Receiving Endovascular Treatment: A Nationwide Registry-Based Study. Front Immunol 2022; 13:835915. [PMID: 35592334 PMCID: PMC9111017 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.835915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Accepted: 04/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Acute basilar artery occlusion (ABAO) is known to have a poor outcome with a high rate of morbidity and mortality despite endovascular treatment (EVT), highlighting the necessities of exploring factors to limit the efficacy of EVT in these patients. Cerebellar infarctions in ABAO might progress to malignant cerebellar edema (MCE), a life-threatening complication after reperfusion, posing a secondary injury to the brainstem by mass effects. Therefore, the present research aimed to explore the impacts of MCE on a long-term outcome and investigate the prognostic factors for MCE among ABAO after EVT. Methods In the national BASILAR registry, a total of 329 ABO patients with cerebellar infarctions treated by EVT met the inclusion criteria. The presence of MCE defined by the Jauss scale ≥4 points, was evaluated on the computed tomography performed 72 h after EVT. The adjusted odds ratio and 95% CI were obtained by logistic regression models. A favorable outcome was defined as a 90-day modified Rankin Scale score of 0-3. Results MCE was statistically associated with the decreased incidence of a favorable outcome [adjusted odds ratio, 0.35(95% CI, 0.18-0.68), P=0.002]. The baseline National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale score, collateral circulation, neutrophil count at admission, and recanalization status were predictors for MCE and a favorable functional status at 90 days (all P<0.05). Among all inflammatory factors, the neutrophil count achieved the highest accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity for MCE. Adding the neutrophil count status into the baseline model obviously enhanced its prediction ability for MCE and favorable outcome by increasing the area under curve and achieving both net reclassification and integrated discrimination improvement (all P<0.05). Mediation analysis indicated that MCE mediated the association between the increased neutrophil count and worse functional outcome (P=0.026). Discussion MCE acted essential roles in worsening prognosis for ABAO after EVT. A high neutrophil count at admission was linked to MCE and a poor outcome among ABAO patients, which could be further incorporated into the clinical decision-making system and guide immunomodulation therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang Liu
- Department of Neurology, Xinqiao Hospital and The Second Affiliated Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Fengli Li
- Department of Neurology, Xinqiao Hospital and The Second Affiliated Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Shuai Liu
- Department of Neurology, Xinqiao Hospital and The Second Affiliated Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Qiong Chen
- Department of Neurology, Xinqiao Hospital and The Second Affiliated Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Hongfei Sang
- Department of Neurology, Xinqiao Hospital and The Second Affiliated Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hangzhou First People’s Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Qingwu Yang
- Department of Neurology, Xinqiao Hospital and The Second Affiliated Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Kai Zhou
- Department of Neurology, Xinqiao Hospital and The Second Affiliated Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Wenji Zi
- Department of Neurology, Xinqiao Hospital and The Second Affiliated Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China
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Endovascular Thrombectomy for Acute Basilar Artery Occlusion: Latest Findings and Critical Thinking on Future Study Design. Transl Stroke Res 2022; 13:913-922. [PMID: 35349051 DOI: 10.1007/s12975-022-01008-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2022] [Revised: 03/11/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) have demonstrated powerful efficacy of endovascular thrombectomy (EVT) for large vessel occlusion in the anterior circulation. The effect of EVT for acute basilar artery occlusion (BAO) in the posterior circulation remains unproven. Here, we highlight the latest findings of observational studies and RCTs of EVT for BAO, with a focus on the predictors of functional outcomes, the limitations of recent RCTs, and critical thinking on future study design. Pooled data from large retrospective studies showed 36.4% favorable outcome at 3 months and 4.6% symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage (sICH). Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that higher baseline NIHSS score, pc-ASPECTS < 8, extensive baseline infarction, large pontine infarct, and sICH were independent predictors of poor outcome. Two recent randomized trial BEST (Endovascular treatment vs. standard medical treatment for vertebrobasilar artery occlusion) and BASICS (Basilar Artery International Cooperation Study) failed to demonstrate significant benefit of EVT within 6 or 8 h after stroke symptom onset. The limitations of these studies include slow enrollment, selection bias, high crossover rate, and inclusion of patients with mild deficit. To improve enrollment and minimize risk of diluting the overall treatment effect, futile recanalization and re-occlusion, optimal inclusion/exclusion criteria, including enrollment within 24 h of last known well, NIHSS score ≥ 10, pc-ASPECTS ≥ 8, no large pontine infarct, and the use of rescue therapy for underlying atherosclerotic stenosis, should be considered for future clinical trials.
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8
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Min X, Du J, Bai X, Wei T, Dmytriw AA, Patel AB, Zhang X, Xu X, Feng Y, Wang T, Wang X, Yang K, Hu W, Yi T, Chen W, Jiao L. Antegrade or Retrograde Approach for the Management of Tandem Occlusions in Acute Ischemic Stroke: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Front Neurol 2022; 12:757665. [PMID: 35095720 PMCID: PMC8790816 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2021.757665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Acute ischemic stroke (AIS) caused by tandem intracranial and extracranial occlusions is not rare. However, optimal strategy between antegrade (extracranial first) or retrograde (intracranial first) approaches still remains elusive. This systematic review and meta-analysis aim to compare the two approaches to provide updated clinical evidence of strategy selection. Methods: PubMed, Ovid, Web of Science, and the Cochrane Library were searched for literature comparing antegrade and retrograde approaches for patients with AIS with concomitant tandem occlusions. Outcomes including successful reperfusion [Throbolysis in Cerebral Infarction (TICI) 2b-3] and 90-day favorable outcome [modified Rankin Scale (mRS) 0-2], any intracerebral hemorrhage, symptomatic intracerebral hemorrhage, procedural complications, and mortality were evaluated. The risk of bias was assessed using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale and illustrated in the Funnel plot. Heterogeneity was assessed by I 2 statistic. Subgroup and sensitivity analyses were also performed. Results: A total of 11 studies accounting 1,517 patients were included. 831 (55%) patients were treated with an antegrade approach and 686 (45%) patients were treated with the retrograde approach. A higher successful reperfusion rate was achieved in retrograde group than that of antegrade group [83.8 vs. 78.0%; odds ratio (OR): 0.63, 95% CI: 0.40-0.99, p = 0.04]. 90-day favorable outcome (mRS 0-2 at 90 days) also showed significantly higher in retrograde group compared with antegrade group (47.3 vs. 40.2%; OR: 0.72, 95% CI: 0.58-0.89, p = 0.002). The incidence of any intracranial hemorrhage (ICH), symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage, 90-day mortality, and other complications did not differ between two groups. Conclusion: In AIS with tandem occlusions, the retrograde approach might achieve a higher successful reperfusion rate and better functional outcome with a comparable safety profile when compared with an antegrade approach. Further prospective controlled studies with more meticulous design and a higher level of evidence are needed to confirm these results. Systematic Review Registration: "PROSPERO" database (CRD 42020199093), https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO/.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoli Min
- Department of Cerebrovascular Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China.,Department of Neurosurgery, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Jianhua Du
- Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xuesong Bai
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,China International Neuroscience Institute (China-INI), Beijing, China
| | - Tao Wei
- Library, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Adam A Dmytriw
- Neuroendovascular Program, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Aman B Patel
- Neuroendovascular Program, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Xiao Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,China International Neuroscience Institute (China-INI), Beijing, China
| | - Xin Xu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,China International Neuroscience Institute (China-INI), Beijing, China
| | - Yao Feng
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,China International Neuroscience Institute (China-INI), Beijing, China
| | - Tao Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,China International Neuroscience Institute (China-INI), Beijing, China
| | - Xue Wang
- Medical Library, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Kun Yang
- Department of Evidence-Based Medicine, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Weiwu Hu
- Department of Neurology, The First Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital of Chengde, Chengde, China
| | - Tingyu Yi
- Department of Neurology, Zhangzhou Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Wenhuo Chen
- Department of Neurology, Zhangzhou Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Liqun Jiao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,China International Neuroscience Institute (China-INI), Beijing, China.,Department of Interventional Neuroradiology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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9
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Comparative Studies of Cerebral Reperfusion Injury in the Posterior and Anterior Circulations After Mechanical Thrombectomy. Transl Stroke Res 2022; 13:556-564. [PMID: 35006533 PMCID: PMC9232466 DOI: 10.1007/s12975-021-00977-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2021] [Revised: 12/10/2021] [Accepted: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Cerebral reperfusion injury is the major complication of mechanical thrombectomy (MT) for acute ischemic stroke (AIS). Contrast extravasation (CE) and intracranial hemorrhage (ICH) are the key radiographical features of cerebral reperfusion injury. The aim of this study was to investigate CE and ICH after MT in the anterior and posterior circulation, and their effect on functional outcome. This is a retrospective study of all consecutive patients who were treated with MT for AIS at University of California Irvine Medical Center between January 1, 2014, and December 31, 2017. Patient characteristics, clinical features, procedural variables, contrast extravasation, ICH, and outcomes after MT were analyzed. A total of 131 patients with anterior circulation (AC) stroke and 25 patients with posterior circulation (PC) stroke underwent MT during the study period. There was no statistically significant difference in admission NIHSS score, blood pressure, rate of receiving intravenous tPA, procedural variables, contrast extravasation, and symptomatic ICH between the 2 groups. Patients with PC stroke had a similar rate of favorable outcome (mRS 0–2) but significantly higher mortality (40.0% vs. 10.7%, p < 0.01) than patients with AC stroke. Multivariate regression analysis identified initial NIHSS score (OR 1.1, CI 1.0–1.2, p = 0.01), number of passes with stent retriever (OR 2.1, CI 1.3–3.6, p < 0.01), and PC stroke (OR 9.3, CI 2.5–35.1, p < 0.01) as independent risk factors for death. There was no significant difference in functional outcomes between patients with and without evidence of cerebral reperfusion injury after MT. We demonstrated that AC and PC stroke had similar rates of cerebral reperfusion injury and favorable outcome after MT. Cerebral reperfusion injury is not a significant independent risk factor for poor functional outcome.
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Liu L, Wang M, Deng Y, Luo G, Sun X, Song L, Huo X, Gao F, Ma N, Mo D, Miao Z. Novel Diffusion-Weighted Imaging Score Showed Good Prognostic Value for Acute Basilar Artery Occlusion Following Endovascular Treatment: The Pons-Midbrain and Thalamus Score. Stroke 2021; 52:3989-3997. [PMID: 34455819 DOI: 10.1161/strokeaha.120.032314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Prognostic factors for outcome of endovascular treatment remains to be investigated in patients with acute basilar artery occlusion. We aimed to assess the prognostic value of a novel pretreatment diffusion-weighted imaging score: The Pons-Midbrain and Thalamus (PMT) score. METHODS Eligible patients who underwent endovascular treatment due to acute basilar artery occlusion were reviewed. The PMT score was a diffusion-weighted imaging-based semiquantitative scale in which the infarctions of pons, midbrain, and thalamus were fully considered. The PMT score was assessed as well as the posterior circulation Acute Stroke Prognosis Early Computed Tomography Score and Brain Stem Score. Good outcomes were defined as a modified Rankin Scale score of ≤3 at 90-day and successful reperfusion as Thrombolysis in Cerebral Infarction grades 2b/3. The associations between baseline clinical parameters and good outcomes were evaluated with logistic regression. RESULTS A total of 107 patients with pretreatment magnetic resonance imaging were included in this cohort. The baseline PMT score (median [interquartile range], 3 [1-5] versus 7 [5-9]; P<0.001) and Brain Stem Score (median [interquartile range], 2 [1-4] versus 3 [2-5]; P=0.001) were significantly lower in good outcome group; the posterior circulation Acute Stroke Prognosis Early Computed Tomography Score was higher in good outcome group without statistical significance. As a result of receiver operating characteristic curve analyses, the posterior circulation Acute Stroke Prognosis Early Computed Tomography Score showed poor prognostic accuracy for good outcome (area under the curve, 0.60 [95% CI, 0.49-0.71]; P=0.081); The baseline PMT score showed significantly better prognostic accuracy for 90-day good outcome than the Brain Stem Score and National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (area under the curve, 0.80 versus 0.68 versus 0.78, P=0.003). In addition, favorable PMT score <7 (odds ratio, 22.0 [95% CI, 6.0-80.8], P<0.001), Brain Stem Score <3 (odds ratio, 4.65 [95% CI, 2.05-10.55], P<0.001) and baseline National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale <23 (odds ratio, 8.0 [95% CI, 2.5-25.6], P<0.001) were associated with improved good outcome. CONCLUSIONS In patients with acute basilar artery occlusion following endovascular treatment, the pretreatment diffusion-weighted imaging based PMT score showed good prognostic value for clinical outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lian Liu
- Department of Interventional Neuroradiology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China (L.L., Y.D., G.L., X.S., L.S., X.H., F.G., N.M., D.M., Z.M.)
| | - Meiping Wang
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China (M.W.)
| | - Yiming Deng
- Department of Interventional Neuroradiology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China (L.L., Y.D., G.L., X.S., L.S., X.H., F.G., N.M., D.M., Z.M.)
| | - Gang Luo
- Department of Interventional Neuroradiology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China (L.L., Y.D., G.L., X.S., L.S., X.H., F.G., N.M., D.M., Z.M.)
| | - Xuan Sun
- Department of Interventional Neuroradiology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China (L.L., Y.D., G.L., X.S., L.S., X.H., F.G., N.M., D.M., Z.M.)
| | - Ligang Song
- Department of Interventional Neuroradiology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China (L.L., Y.D., G.L., X.S., L.S., X.H., F.G., N.M., D.M., Z.M.)
| | - Xiaochuan Huo
- Department of Interventional Neuroradiology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China (L.L., Y.D., G.L., X.S., L.S., X.H., F.G., N.M., D.M., Z.M.)
| | - Feng Gao
- Department of Interventional Neuroradiology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China (L.L., Y.D., G.L., X.S., L.S., X.H., F.G., N.M., D.M., Z.M.)
| | - Ning Ma
- Department of Interventional Neuroradiology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China (L.L., Y.D., G.L., X.S., L.S., X.H., F.G., N.M., D.M., Z.M.)
| | - Dapeng Mo
- Department of Interventional Neuroradiology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China (L.L., Y.D., G.L., X.S., L.S., X.H., F.G., N.M., D.M., Z.M.)
| | - Zhongrong Miao
- Department of Interventional Neuroradiology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China (L.L., Y.D., G.L., X.S., L.S., X.H., F.G., N.M., D.M., Z.M.)
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