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Puthuran M, Gravino G, Babatola F, Pullicino R, Masri S, Biswas S, Chapot R, Chandran A. Primary endovascular embolisation of intracranial arteriovenous malformations (AVM)-UK single centre experience. Neuroradiology 2024; 66:227-236. [PMID: 37999787 DOI: 10.1007/s00234-023-03258-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2023] [Accepted: 11/19/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Intracranial arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) treated at our institution with modern techniques of endovascular intervention were analysed for the rate of complete occlusion, associated morbidity, and mortality. To our knowledge, this is the first series from the UK evaluating the effectiveness of endovascular embolisation as a primary treatment for selected cases. METHODS All newly referred AVMs between January 2017 and June 2022 were reviewed and those treated with primary endovascular intervention were identified. Details of the endovascular procedures were retrospectively reviewed. RESULTS In 5½ years, 41.1% of AVMs referred to our institution have been triaged for primary endovascular intervention. Sixty-eight AVMs were embolised and followed-up: 44 ruptured and 24 unruptured. Spetzler-Martin grading varied from I to III, and a single AVM was grade IV. The approach was arterial in 73.5%, solely venous in 7.4%, and combined in 19.1%. The mean follow-up was 18 months for imaging and 26 months for clinical assessment. Complete obliteration was achieved in 95.6%. Ruptured AVM cohort: The rate of functional deterioration was 13.6%. Unruptured AVM cohort: The rate of functional deterioration secondary to complications from embolisation was 4.2%. CONCLUSIONS Endovascular embolisation may be a favourable option for primary AVM treatment in carefully selected patients. However, selection criteria need to be better delineated for more specialists to consider this as a primary therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mani Puthuran
- The Walton Centre for Neurology and Neurosurgery, Liverpool, UK
| | - Gilbert Gravino
- The Walton Centre for Neurology and Neurosurgery, Liverpool, UK.
| | - Feyi Babatola
- The Walton Centre for Neurology and Neurosurgery, Liverpool, UK
| | | | - Souhyb Masri
- The Walton Centre for Neurology and Neurosurgery, Liverpool, UK
| | | | | | - Arun Chandran
- The Walton Centre for Neurology and Neurosurgery, Liverpool, UK
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Tang W, Chen Y, Ma L, Chen Y, Yang B, Li R, Li Z, Wu Y, Wang X, Guo X, Zhang W, Chen X, Lv M, Zhao Y, Guo G. Current perspectives and trends in the treatment of brain arteriovenous malformations: a review and bibliometric analysis. Front Neurol 2024; 14:1327915. [PMID: 38274874 PMCID: PMC10808838 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2023.1327915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Currently, there is a lack of intuitive analysis regarding the development trend, main authors, and research hotspots in the field of cerebral arteriovenous malformation treatment, as well as a detailed elaboration of possible research hotspots. Methods A bibliometric analysis was conducted on data retrieved from the Web of Science core collection database between 2000 and 2022. The analysis was performed using R, VOSviewer, CiteSpace software, and an online bibliometric platform. Results A total of 1,356 articles were collected, and the number of publications has increased over time. The United States and the University of Pittsburgh are the most prolific countries and institutions in the field. The top three cited authors are Kondziolka D, Sheehan JP, and Lunsford LD. The Journal of Neurosurgery and Neurosurgery are two of the most influential journals in the field of brain arteriovenous malformation treatment research, with higher H-index, total citations, and number of publications. Furthermore, the analysis of keywords indicates that "aruba trial," "randomised trial," "microsurgery," "onyx embolization," and "Spetzler-Martin grade" may become research focal points. Additionally, this paper discusses the current research status, existing issues, and potential future research directions for the treatment of brain arteriovenous malformations. Conclusion This bibliometric study comprehensively analyses the publication trend of cerebral arteriovenous malformation treatment in the past 20 years. It covers the trend of international cooperation, publications, and research hotspots. This information provides an important reference for scholars to further study cerebral arteriovenous malformation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weixia Tang
- School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
- Department of Neurosurgery, First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Yang Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
- Shanxi Provincial Clinical Research Center for Interventional Medicine, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Li Ma
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Yu Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Biao Yang
- Department of Neurosurgery, First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
- Shanxi Provincial Clinical Research Center for Interventional Medicine, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Ren Li
- School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
- Department of Neurosurgery, First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Ziao Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
- Shanxi Provincial Clinical Research Center for Interventional Medicine, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Yongqiang Wu
- Shanxi Provincial Clinical Research Center for Interventional Medicine, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
- Department of Emergency, First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Xiaogang Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
- Shanxi Provincial Clinical Research Center for Interventional Medicine, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Xiaolong Guo
- Department of Neurosurgery, First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
- Shanxi Provincial Clinical Research Center for Interventional Medicine, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Wenju Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
- Shanxi Provincial Clinical Research Center for Interventional Medicine, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Xiaolin Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Ming Lv
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Yuanli Zhao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing, China
- Department of Neurosurgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Geng Guo
- Shanxi Provincial Clinical Research Center for Interventional Medicine, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
- Department of Emergency, First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
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Ognard J, Magro E, Caroff J, Bodani V, Mosimann PJ, Gentric JC. Endovascular Management of Brain Arteriovenous Malformations. Semin Neurol 2023; 43:323-336. [PMID: 37276887 DOI: 10.1055/a-2105-6614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Due to the risk of cerebral hemorrhage, and its related morbidity-mortality, brain arteriovenous malformations (bAVMs) are a rare and potentially life-threatening disease. Despite this, there is only one randomized controlled trial on bAVM management, A Randomized trial of Unruptured Brain Arteriovenous malformations (ARUBA). The results of the ARUBA trial favor a noninterventional approach in the case of an unruptured bAVM; however, implementation of these findings is challenging in daily practice. Instead, management of bAVM relies on multidisciplinary discussions that lead to patient-specific strategies based on patient preferences, local expertise, and experience in referral centers. Considering the diverse patterns of presentation and numerous treatment modalities, implementing standardized guidelines in this context proves challenging, notwithstanding the recommendations or expert opinions offered. Endovascular treatment (EVT) of bAVM can be curative, or can serve as an adjunct treatment prior to surgery or radiosurgery ("pre-EVT"). EVT practice is in constant evolution (i.e., venous approach, combination with surgery during the same anesthesia, etc.). Liquid embolic agents such as ethylene vinyl alcohol (EVOH) copolymer and cyanoacrylates (CYA), and their method of injection to increase bAVM occlusion have also benefited from technical evolutions such as the use of adjunctive flow arrest techniques (mini balloons, pressure cooker technique, and multiple catheters). Further research is necessary to evaluate the advantages and disadvantages of EVT for bAVM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julien Ognard
- Department of Interventional Neuroradiology, Brest University Hospital, Brest, France
- Inserm, UMR 1101 (Laboratoire de Traitement de l'Information Médicale-LaTIM), Université de Bretagne Occidentale, Brest, France
| | - Elsa Magro
- Inserm, UMR 1101 (Laboratoire de Traitement de l'Information Médicale-LaTIM), Université de Bretagne Occidentale, Brest, France
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brest University Hospital, Brest, France
| | - Jildaz Caroff
- Department of Interventional Neuroradiology, NEURI Brain Vascular Center, Bicêtre Hospital, APHP, Paris Saclay University, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | - Vivek Bodani
- Division of Neuroradiology, Joint Department of Medical Imaging, Toronto Western Hospital and University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Pascal John Mosimann
- Division of Neuroradiology, Joint Department of Medical Imaging, Toronto Western Hospital and University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jean-Christophe Gentric
- Department of Interventional Neuroradiology, Brest University Hospital, Brest, France
- Inserm, UMR 1304 (GETBO), Western Brittany Thrombosis Study Group, Université de Bretagne Occidentale, Brest, France
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State of the Art in the Role of Endovascular Embolization in the Management of Brain Arteriovenous Malformations-A Systematic Review. J Clin Med 2022; 11:jcm11237208. [PMID: 36498782 PMCID: PMC9739246 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11237208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2022] [Revised: 11/30/2022] [Accepted: 12/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
As a significant cause of intracerebral hemorrhages, seizures, and neurological decline, brain arteriovenous malformations (bAVMs) are a rare group of complex vascular lesions with devastating implications for patients' quality of life. Although the concerted effort of the scientific community has improved our understanding of bAVM biology, the exact mechanism continues to be elucidated. Furthermore, to this day, due to the high heterogeneity of bAVMs as well as the lack of objective data brought by the lack of evaluative and comparative studies, there is no clear consensus on the treatment of this life-threatening and dynamic disease. As a consequence, patients often fall short of obtaining the optimal treatment. Endovascular embolization is an inherent part of multidisciplinary bAVM management that can be used in various clinical scenarios, each with different objectives. Well-trained neuro-interventional centers are proficient at curing bAVMs that are smaller than 3 cm; are located superficially in noneloquent areas; and have fewer, larger, and less tortuous feeding arteries. The transvenous approach is an emerging effective and safe technique that potentially offers a chance to cure previously untreatable bAVMs. This review provides the state of the art in all aspects of endovascular embolization in the management of bAVMs.
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Raymond J, Gentric JC, Magro E, Nico L, Bacchus E, Klink R, Cognard C, Januel AC, Sabatier JF, Iancu D, Weill A, Roy D, Bojanowski MW, Chaalala C, Barreau X, Jecko V, Papagiannaki C, Derrey S, Shotar E, Cornu P, Eker OF, Pelissou-Guyotat I, Piotin M, Aldea S, Beaujeux R, Proust F, Anxionnat R, Costalat V, Corre ML, Gauvrit JY, Morandi X, Brunel H, Roche PH, Graillon T, Chabert E, Herbreteau D, Desal H, Trystram D, Barbier C, Gaberel T, Nguyen TN, Viard G, Gevry G, Darsaut TE, _ _, _ _, Raymond J, Roy D, Weill A, Iancu D, Bojanowski MW, Chaalala C, Darsaut TE, O’Kelly CJ, Chow MMC, Findlay JM, Rempel JL, Fahed R, Lesiuk H, Drake B, Santos MD, Gentric JC, Nonent M, Ognard J, El-Aouni MC, Magro E, Seizeur R, Timsit S, Pradier O, Desal H, Boursier R, Thillays F, Roualdes V, Piotin M, Blanc R, Aldea S, Cognard C, Januel AC, Sabatier JF, Calviere L, Gauvrit JY, Raoult H, Eugene F, Bras AL, Ferre JC, Paya C, Morandi X, Lecouillard I, Nouhaud E, Ronziere T, Trystram D, Naggara O, Rodriguez-Regent C, Kerleroux B, Barbier C, Gaberel T, Emery E, Touze E, Papagiannaki C, Derrey S, Eker OF, Riva R, Pellisou-Guyotat I, Guyotat J, Berhouma M, Dumot C, Biondi A, Thines L, Bougaci N, Charbonnier G, Bracard S, Anxionnat R, Gory B, Civit T, Bernier-Chastagner V, Barreau X, Marnat G, Jecko V, Penchet G, Gimbert E, Huchet A, Herbreteau D, Boulouis G, Bibi R, Ifergan H, Janot K, Velut S, Brunel H, Roche PH, Graillon T, Peyriere H, Kaya JM, Touta A, Troude L, Boissonneau S, Clarençon F, Shotar E, Sourour N, Lenck S, Premat K, Boch AL, Cornu P, Nouet A, Costalat V, Bonafe A, Dargazanli C, Gascou G, Lefevre PH, Riquelme C, Corre ML, Beaujeux R, Pop R, Proust F, Cebula H, Ollivier I, Spatola G, Spell L, Chalumeau V, Gallas S, Ikka L, Mihalea C, Ozanne A, Caroff J, Chabert E, Mounayer C, Rouchaud A, Caire F, Ricolfi F, Thouant P, Cao C, Mourier KL, Farah W, Nguyen TN, Abdalkader M, Huynh T, Tawk RG, Carlson AP, Silva LAO, Froio NDL, Silva GS, Mont’Alverne FJA, Martins JL, Mendes GN, Miranda RR. Endovascular treatment of brain arteriovenous malformations: clinical outcomes of patients included in the registry of a pragmatic randomized trial. J Neurosurg 2022; 138:1393-1402. [PMID: 37132535 DOI: 10.3171/2022.9.jns22987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2022] [Accepted: 09/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE
The role of endovascular treatment in the management of patients with brain arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) remains uncertain. AVM embolization can be offered as stand-alone curative therapy or prior to surgery or stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) (pre-embolization). The Treatment of Brain AVMs Study (TOBAS) is an all-inclusive pragmatic study that comprises two randomized trials and multiple registries.
METHODS
Results from the TOBAS curative and pre-embolization registries are reported. The primary outcome for this report is death or dependency (modified Rankin Scale [mRS] score > 2) at last follow-up. Secondary outcomes include angiographic results, perioperative serious adverse events (SAEs), and permanent treatment-related complications leading to an mRS score > 2.
RESULTS
From June 2014 to May 2021, 1010 patients were recruited in TOBAS. Embolization was chosen as the primary curative treatment for 116 patients and pre-embolization prior to surgery or SRS for 92 patients. Clinical and angiographic outcomes were available in 106 (91%) of 116 and 77 (84%) of 92 patients, respectively. In the curative embolization registry, 70% of AVMs were ruptured, and 62% were low-grade AVMs (Spetzler-Martin grade I or II), while the pre-embolization registry had 70% ruptured AVMs and 58% low-grade AVMs. The primary outcome of death or disability (mRS score > 2) occurred in 15 (14%, 95% CI 8%–22%) of the 106 patients in the curative embolization registry (4 [12%, 95% CI 5%–28%] of 32 unruptured AVMs and 11 [15%, 95% CI 8%–25%] of 74 ruptured AVMs) and 9 (12%, 95% CI 6%–21%) of the 77 patients in the pre-embolization registry (4 [17%, 95% CI 7%–37%] of 23 unruptured AVMs and 5 [9%, 95% CI 4%–20%] of 54 ruptured AVMs) at 2 years. Embolization alone was confirmed to occlude the AVM in 32 (30%, 95% CI 21%–40%) of the 106 curative attempts and in 9 (12%, 95% CI 6%–21%) of 77 patients in the pre-embolization registry. SAEs occurred in 28 of the 106 attempted curative patients (26%, 95% CI 18%–35%, including 21 new symptomatic hemorrhages [20%, 95% CI 13%–29%]). Five of the new hemorrhages were in previously unruptured AVMs (n = 32; 16%, 95% CI 5%–33%). Of the 77 pre-embolization patients, 18 had SAEs (23%, 95% CI 15%–34%), including 12 new symptomatic hemorrhages [16%, 95% CI 9%–26%]). Three of the hemorrhages were in previously unruptured AVMs (3/23; 13%, 95% CI 3%–34%).
CONCLUSIONS
Embolization as a curative treatment for brain AVMs was often incomplete. Hemorrhagic complications were frequent, even when the specified intent was pre-embolization before surgery or SRS. Because the role of endovascular treatment remains uncertain, it should preferably, when possible, be offered in the context of a randomized trial.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean Raymond
- Department of Radiology, Service of Neuroradiology, Centre hospitalier de l’Université de Montréal (CHUM), and CHUM Research Centre, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | | | - Elsa Magro
- Department of Neurosurgery, CHU Cavale Blanche, INSERM UMR 1101 LaTIM, Brest, France
| | - Lorena Nico
- Department of Radiology, CHU Saint-Etienne, France
| | - Emma Bacchus
- Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, University of Alberta Hospital, Mackenzie Health Sciences Centre, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Ruby Klink
- Department of Radiology, Service of Neuroradiology, Centre hospitalier de l’Université de Montréal (CHUM), and CHUM Research Centre, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | | | | | - Jean-François Sabatier
- Neurosurgery, Pierre-Paul Riquet Hospital, Toulouse University Hospital, Toulouse, France
| | - Daniela Iancu
- Department of Radiology, Service of Neuroradiology, Centre hospitalier de l’Université de Montréal (CHUM), and CHUM Research Centre, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Alain Weill
- Department of Radiology, Service of Neuroradiology, Centre hospitalier de l’Université de Montréal (CHUM), and CHUM Research Centre, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Daniel Roy
- Department of Radiology, Service of Neuroradiology, Centre hospitalier de l’Université de Montréal (CHUM), and CHUM Research Centre, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Michel W. Bojanowski
- Department of Surgery, Division of Neurosurgery, Centre hospitalier de l’Université de Montréal (CHUM), Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Chiraz Chaalala
- Department of Surgery, Division of Neurosurgery, Centre hospitalier de l’Université de Montréal (CHUM), Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Xavier Barreau
- Neuroradiology Department, Pellegrin Hospital Group, CHU Bordeaux, France
| | - Vincent Jecko
- Neurosurgery Department A, Pellegrin Hospital Group, CHU Bordeaux, France
| | | | - Stéphane Derrey
- Neurosurgery, Charles Nicolle Hospital, Rouen Normandy University Hospital, Rouen, France
| | | | - Philippe Cornu
- Neurosurgery, Mercy Salpetriere Hospital AP-HP, Paris, France
| | | | | | | | - Sorin Aldea
- Neurosurgery, Adolphe de Rothschild Foundation Hospital, Paris, France
| | | | - François Proust
- Neurosurgery, Strasbourg University Hospitals, Strasbourg, France
| | - René Anxionnat
- Interventional Neuroradiology Department, University of Lorraine, Laboratory IADI INSERM U1254, CHRU Nancy, France
| | | | | | | | | | - Hervé Brunel
- Departments of Interventional Neuroradiology and
| | | | | | - Emmanuel Chabert
- Interventional Neuroradiology Department, CHU Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Denis Herbreteau
- Interventional Neuroradiology Department, Bretonneau Hospital, Tours, France
| | - Hubert Desal
- Interventional Neuroradiology Department, CHU de Nantes, France
| | - Denis Trystram
- Interventional Neuroradiology Department, University of Paris, INSERM U1266, IPNP, GHU Paris, France
- Psychiatry and Neurosciences, Sainte-Anne Hospital, Paris, France
| | | | | | - Thanh N. Nguyen
- Departments of Radiology,
- Neurology, and
- Neurosurgery, Boston Medical Center, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts; and
| | | | - Guylaine Gevry
- Department of Radiology, Service of Neuroradiology, Centre hospitalier de l’Université de Montréal (CHUM), and CHUM Research Centre, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Tim E. Darsaut
- Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, University of Alberta Hospital, Mackenzie Health Sciences Centre, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
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Morel BC, Wittenberg B, Hoffman JE, Case DE, Folzenlogen Z, Roark C, Seinfeld J. Untangling the Modern Treatment Paradigm for Unruptured Brain Arteriovenous Malformations. J Pers Med 2022; 12:jpm12060904. [PMID: 35743688 PMCID: PMC9224812 DOI: 10.3390/jpm12060904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2022] [Revised: 05/26/2022] [Accepted: 05/28/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Brain arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) often present treatment challenges. Patients with unruptured AVMs must consider not only whether they want to be treated, but what treatment modality they would prefer. Vascular neurosurgeons, neurointerventional surgeons, and stereotactic radiosurgeons must in turn guide their patients through the most appropriate treatment course considering the risk of AVM rupture, an individual AVM’s characteristics, and patient preferences. In this review we will look at how the clinical trial “A Randomized Trial of Unruptured Brain Arteriovenous Malformations (ARUBA)” has influenced the approach to unruptured brain AVMs and the treatment modalities available to clinicians to deal with these formidable lesions.
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De Leacy R, Ansari SA, Schirmer CM, Cooke DL, Prestigiacomo CJ, Bulsara KR, Hetts SW. Endovascular treatment in the multimodality management of brain arteriovenous malformations: report of the Society of NeuroInterventional Surgery Standards and Guidelines Committee. J Neurointerv Surg 2022; 14:1118-1124. [PMID: 35414599 DOI: 10.1136/neurintsurg-2021-018632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2022] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The purpose of this review is to summarize the data available for the role of angiography and embolization in the comprehensive multidisciplinary management of brain arteriovenous malformations (AVMs METHODS: We performed a structured literature review for studies examining the indications, efficacy, and outcomes for patients undergoing endovascular therapy in the context of brain AVM management. We graded the quality of the evidence. Recommendations were arrived at through a consensus conference of the authors, then with additional input from the full Society of NeuroInterventional Surgery (SNIS) Standards and Guidelines Committee and the SNIS Board of Directors. RESULTS The multidisciplinary evaluation and treatment of brain AVMs continues to evolve. Recommendations include: (1) Digital subtraction catheter cerebral angiography (DSA)-including 2D, 3D, and reformatted cross-sectional views when appropriate-is recommended in the pre-treatment assessment of cerebral AVMs. (I, B-NR) . (2) It is recommended that endovascular embolization of cerebral arteriovenous malformations be performed in the context of a complete multidisciplinary treatment plan aiming for obliteration of the AVM and cure. (I, B-NR) . (3) Embolization of brain AVMs before surgical resection can be useful to reduce intraoperative blood loss, morbidity, and surgical complexity. (IIa, B-NR) . (4) The role of primary curative embolization of cerebral arteriovenous malformations is uncertain, particularly as compared with microsurgery and radiosurgery with or without adjunctive embolization. Further research is needed, particularly with regard to risk for AVM recurrence. (III equivocal, C-LD) . (5) Targeted embolization of high-risk features of ruptured brain AVMs may be considered to reduce the risk for recurrent hemorrhage. (IIb, C-LD) . (6) Palliative embolization may be useful to treat symptomatic AVMs in which curative therapy is otherwise not possible. (IIb, B-NR) . (7) The role of AVM embolization as an adjunct to radiosurgery is not well-established. Further research is needed. (III equivocal, C-LD) . (8) Imaging follow-up after apparent cure of brain AVMs is recommended to assess for recurrence. Although non-invasive imaging may be used for longitudinal follow-up, DSA remains the gold standard for residual or recurrent AVM detection in patients with concerning imaging and/or clinical findings. (I, C-LD) . (9) Improved national and international reporting of patients of all ages with brain AVMs, their treatments, side effects from treatment, and their long-term outcomes would enhance the ability to perform clinical trials and improve the rigor of research into this rare condition. (I, C-EO) . CONCLUSIONS Although the quality of evidence is lower than for more common conditions subjected to multiple randomized controlled trials, endovascular therapy has an important role in the management of brain AVMs. Prospective studies are needed to strengthen the data supporting these recommendations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reade De Leacy
- Neurosurgery, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Sameer A Ansari
- Radiology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | | | - Daniel L Cooke
- Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | | | - Ketan R Bulsara
- Division of Neurosurgery, University of Connecticut, Farmington, Connecticut, USA
| | - Steven W Hetts
- Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
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8
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Curative Embolization for Pediatric Spetzler-Martin Grade III Cerebral Arteriovenous Malformations. World Neurosurg 2022; 160:e494-e500. [PMID: 35074545 DOI: 10.1016/j.wneu.2022.01.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2021] [Revised: 01/11/2022] [Accepted: 01/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Spetzler-Martin (SM) grade III arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) represent a gray zone due to their high variability in location, size, and angioarchitecture. In addition, there is a lack of information on curative embolization in the pediatric population, especially in this subgroup of lesions. Here we present our experience treating grade III AVMs by curative embolization in pediatric patients. METHODS Clinical and angiographic data from pediatric patients with grade III SM AVMs were retrospectively collected between 2011 and 2020 in a referral institution. We grouped the AVMs into subtypes according to size (S), venous drainage (V), and eloquence (E) and obtained subtypes: IIIA (S1V1E1), IIIB (S2V1E0), IIIC (S2V0E1), and IIID (S3V0E0). RESULTS A total of 61 embolization sessions were performed in 35 pediatric patients. There were 25 females (64%), and the mean age was 12.2 years (range 5-18). Complete angiographic occlusion was achieved in 16 patients (47%). In 13 patients (37%), the AVM was occluded with a single embolization session and most (12/13) had small lesions (IIIA subtype). Among the 19 patients with incomplete occlusion, most (58%) had large lesions (IIIB, IIIC, and IIID). Large AVMs (IIIB, IIIC, and IIID) underwent 36 sessions; however, only 3 patients (21%) achieved complete occlusion in 11 sessions. Eight intraoperative complications (13% procedures) occurred mainly in ruptured AVMs (7/8) and eloquent zones (7/8). CONCLUSIONS Curative embolization for SM grade III AVMs in children carries a high complication rate, especially in small, ruptured, and eloquent lesions. In addition, acceptable immediate complete angiographic occlusion rates were achieved, especially in small AVMs.
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Cezayirli PC, Türe H, Türe U. Microsurgical Treatment of Deep and Eloquent AVMs. Adv Tech Stand Neurosurg 2022; 44:17-53. [PMID: 35107672 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-87649-4_2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Over the past 30 years, the treatment of deep and eloquent arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) has moved away from microneurosurgical resection and towards medical management and the so-called minimally invasive techniques, such as endovascular embolization and radiosurgery. The Spetzler-Martin grading system (and subsequent modifications) has done much to aid in risk stratification for surgical intervention; however, the system does not predict the risk of hemorrhage nor risk from other interventions. In more recent years, the ARUBA trial has suggested that unruptured AVMs should be medically managed. In our experience, although these eloquent regions of the brain should be discussed with patients in assessing the risks and benefits of intervention, we believe each AVM should be assessed based on the characteristics of the patient and the angio-architecture of the AVM, in particular venous hypertension, which may guide us to treat even high-grade AVMs when we believe we can (and need to) to benefit the patient. Advances in imaging and intraoperative adjuncts have helped us in decision making, preoperative planning, and ensuring good outcomes for our patients. Here, we present several cases to illustrate our primary points that treating low-grade AVMs can be more difficult than treating high-grade ones, mismanagement of deep and eloquent AVMs at the behest of dogma can harm patients, and the treatment of any AVM should be tailored to the individual patient and that patient's lesion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phillip Cem Cezayirli
- Department of Neurosurgery, Yeditepe University School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
- Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
- Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Hatice Türe
- Department of Anesthesiology, Yeditepe University School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Uğur Türe
- Department of Neurosurgery, Yeditepe University School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey.
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Iosif C, Almeida Filho JA, Gilbert CE, Nazemi Rafie A, Saleme S, Rouchaud A, Mounayer C. Selective arterial temporary flow arrest with balloons during transvenous embolization for the treatment of brain arteriovenous malformations: a feasibility study with MRI-monitored adverse events. J Neurointerv Surg 2022; 14:1234-1238. [PMID: 35022303 DOI: 10.1136/neurintsurg-2021-018097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2021] [Accepted: 11/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The technique of endovascular transvenous embolization for brain arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) has emerged in the last 8 years as a very promising therapeutic alternative for otherwise incurable cases. Selective temporary flow arrest during transvenous endovascular embolization (TFATVE) is a novel adaptation of our previously described transvenous approach, which employs hyper-compliant balloons intra-arterially for the selective occlusion of arterial feeders during ethylene vinyl copolymer (EVOH) injection, in order to reduce intra-nidal pressure and increase nidi occlusion rates. METHODS We performed a feasibility study of the TFATVE technique between January 2016 and April 2020. Consecutive patients were included. All patients had at least one axial brain MRI or CT in the first 48 hours following intervention, and at least one brain MRI scan within the first postoperative month, in order to detect both silent and clinically evident adverse events. Patients' demographics, angio-architectural characteristics, total injection and procedure times, angiographic and clinical outcomes were analyzed. RESULTS 22 patients underwent TFATVE during transvenous endovascular treatment of brain AVMs. Among them, 86.4% were high Spetzler-Martin's grade. Good clinical outcome (modified Rankin Scale <2) was achieved in 95.5% of the cases, with 0% of procedure-related mortality and 4.5% of clinically significant, procedure-related morbidity. Total occlusion of the nidus was achieved in >90% of the cases at the end of the procedure and angiographic stability was achieved in all cases; 100% of the cases had angiographic cure at follow-up. CONCLUSIONS TFATVE seems a safe and effective technique when conducted in carefully selected patients in highly specialized centers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina Iosif
- Faculty of Medicine, European University Cyprus, Egnomi, Cyprus .,BioEMXLim, University of Limoges Medical Faculty, Limoges, France.,Interventional Neuroradiology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Limoges, Limoges, France
| | - Jose Alberto Almeida Filho
- Interventional Neuroradiology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Limoges, Limoges, France.,Neurocirurgia Endovascular, Hospital Santa Teresa, Petropolis, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Clara Esther Gilbert
- Interventional Neuroradiology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Limoges, Limoges, France
| | - Ali Nazemi Rafie
- Interventional Neuroradiology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Limoges, Limoges, France
| | - Suzana Saleme
- Interventional Neuroradiology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Limoges, Limoges, France
| | - Aymeric Rouchaud
- BioEMXLim, University of Limoges Medical Faculty, Limoges, France.,Interventional Neuroradiology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Limoges, Limoges, France
| | - Charbel Mounayer
- BioEMXLim, University of Limoges Medical Faculty, Limoges, France.,Interventional Neuroradiology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Limoges, Limoges, France
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Wang M, Lin F, Qiu H, Cao Y, Wang S, Zhao J. Comparison of Endovascular Embolization Plus Simultaneous Microsurgical Resection vs. Primary Microsurgical Resection for High-Grade Brain Arteriovenous Malformations. Front Neurol 2022; 12:756307. [PMID: 35002920 PMCID: PMC8740155 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2021.756307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2021] [Accepted: 11/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: It remains a challenge in surgical treatments of brain arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) in Spetzler-Martin Grade (SMG) IV and V to achieve both optimal neurological outcomes and complete obliteration. The authors reported a series of patients with AVMs in SMG IV and V who underwent a surgical paradigm of endovascular embolization and simultaneous microsurgical resection based on the one-staged hybrid operation. Methods: Participants in the multicenter prospective clinical trial (NCT03774017) between January 2016 and December 2019 were enrolled. Patients who received endovascular embolization plus microsurgical resection (EE+MRS) and those who received intraoperative digital subtraction angiography plus microsurgical resection (iDSA+MRS) were divided into two groups. Information on clinical features, operative details, and clinical outcomes were extracted from the database. Deterioration of neurological deficits (DNDs) was defined as the primary outcome, which represented neurological outcomes. The time of microsurgical operation and blood loss were defined as the secondary outcomes representing microsurgical risks and difficulties. Outcomes and technical details were compared between groups. Results: Thirty-eight cases (male: female = 23:15) were enrolled, with 24 cases in the EE+MRS group and 14 in the iDSA+MRS group. Five cases (13.2%) were in SMG V and 33 cases (86.8%) were in SMG IV. Fourteen cases (36.8%) underwent the paradigm of microsurgical resection plus intraoperative DSA. Twenty-four cases (63.2%, n = 24) underwent the paradigm of endovascular embolization plus simultaneous microsurgical resection. Degradations of SMG were achieved in 15 cases. Of the cases, two cases got the residual nidus detected via intraoperative DSA and resected. Deterioration of neurological deficits occurred in 23.7% of cases (n = 9) when discharged, and in 13.5, 13.5, 8.1% of cases at the follow-ups of 3, 6, and 12 months, respectively, without significant difference between groups (P > 0.05). Intracranial hemorrhagic complications were reported in three cases (7.9%) of the EE+MRS group only. The embolization did not significantly affect the surgical time and intraoperative blood loss. The subtotal embolization or the degradation of size by 2 points resulted in no DNDs. Conclusions: The paradigms based on the one-staged hybrid operation were practical and effective in treating high-grade AVMs. Appropriate intraoperative embolization could help decrease operative risks and difficulties and improve neurological outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingze Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing, China.,Center of Stroke, Beijing Institute of Brain Disorder, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine for Cerebrovascular Disease, Beijing, China
| | - Fa Lin
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing, China.,Center of Stroke, Beijing Institute of Brain Disorder, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine for Cerebrovascular Disease, Beijing, China
| | - Hancheng Qiu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing, China.,Center of Stroke, Beijing Institute of Brain Disorder, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine for Cerebrovascular Disease, Beijing, China
| | - Yong Cao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing, China.,Center of Stroke, Beijing Institute of Brain Disorder, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine for Cerebrovascular Disease, Beijing, China
| | - Shuo Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing, China.,Center of Stroke, Beijing Institute of Brain Disorder, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine for Cerebrovascular Disease, Beijing, China
| | - Jizong Zhao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing, China.,Center of Stroke, Beijing Institute of Brain Disorder, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine for Cerebrovascular Disease, Beijing, China
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Hou K, Li C, Su H, Yu J. Imaging Characteristics and Endovascular Treatment of Brain Arteriovenous Malformations Mainly Fed by the Posterior Cerebral Artery. Front Neurol 2021; 11:609461. [PMID: 33584508 PMCID: PMC7873489 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2020.609461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2020] [Accepted: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: A BAVM that is mainly supplied by the posterior cerebral artery (PCA) lies deeply in the middle of the bilateral posterior hemispheres. Few studies have investigated the imaging characteristics and endovascular treatment (EVT) of brain arteriovenous malformations (BAVMs) in this area. Methods: A retrospective study was performed for patients who were diagnosed with PCA-BAVMs from January 2015 to December 2019. The PCA-BAVMs were divided into type I and type II according to their feeding arteries. Type I PCA-BAVMs were supplied by the posterior choroidal artery (PchA) from the PCA. They could be further subdivided into type Ia and type Ib. Type II PCA-BAVMs were supplied by the temporal or occipital branch from the PCA. They could also be further subdivided into type IIa and IIb. Targeted embolization of the risk factors was the main aim of EVT. Results: Forty-two patients were identified, with age ranging from 6 to 63 years. Twenty-four cases belonged to type I (57.1%, 24/42), including 6 Ia cases and 18 Ib cases. Eighteen cases belonged to type II (42.9%, 18/42), including 7 IIa cases and 11 IIb cases. Immediate complete or nearly complete embolization was achieved in 17 (40.5%, 17/42) cases. Partial embolization was achieved in 25 (59.5%, 25/42) cases. Two (4.8%, 2/42) patients experienced intraoperative or postoperative bleeding. The GOS scores at discharge were 3, 4, and 5 in 2 (4.8%, 2/42), 2 (4.8%, 2/42), and 38 (90.4%, 38/42) cases, respectively. There was no statistical difference between patients in type I and type II groups regarding age, BAVM rupture, SM grade, immediate extent of obliteration, and prognosis. Deep venous drainage was more common in patients of the type I group (P < 0.001). Conclusions: Our classification of the PCA-BAVMs was based on the segmentation of the PCA, which is a reasonable approach and could guide the strategy of EVT. EVT is a reasonable option for the PCA-BAVMs. The main aim of EVT is to secure the weak structures. A targeted EVT aimed at the ruptured part of the BAVM can reduce the risk of early rebleeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun Hou
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Chao Li
- Department of Neurology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Han Su
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Jinlu Yu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
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