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Del Monaco A, Dimitriadis C, Xie S, Benke G, Sim MR, Walker-Bone K. Workers in Australian prebake aluminium smelters: update on risk of mortality and cancer incidence in the Healthwise cohort. Occup Environ Med 2023; 80:160-169. [PMID: 36720634 DOI: 10.1136/oemed-2022-108605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2022] [Accepted: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To investigate mortality and the rates of incident cancer among a cohort of aluminium industry workers. METHODS Among 4507 male employees who worked in either of two Australian prebake smelters for at least 3 months, data linkage was undertaken with the Australian National Death Index and Australian Cancer Database. Standardised Mortality Ratios (SMRs) and Standardised Incidence Rates (SIRs) were estimated for the whole cohort and for: production; maintenance and office workers. SMRs and SIRs were calculated by time since first employment. RESULTS Among production workers, there was an excess risk of mortality from mesothelioma (SMR 2.8, 95% CI 1.3 to 5.2), lung (SMR 1.4, 95% CI 1.0 to 1.8), prostate (SMR 1.9, 95% CI 1.3 to 2.7) and liver cancer (SMR 2.0, 95% CI 1.1 to 3.4) and the SIR was also increased for overall respiratory cancers, specifically lung cancers. An excess risk of death from stomach cancer (SMR 2.9, 95% CI 1.2 to 6.1) and Alzheimer's disease (SMR 3.4, 95% CI 1.1 to 7.9) was seen among maintenance workers. The overall risk of death was similar to that of the Australian general population, as was mortality from cancers overall and non-malignant respiratory disease. CONCLUSIONS No excess risk of death from bladder cancer or non-malignant respiratory disease was found. Excess lung cancer mortality and incidence may be explained by smoking and excess mortality from mesothelioma may be explained by asbestos exposure. An excess risk of mortality from liver and prostate cancer has been shown in production workers and requires further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony Del Monaco
- Monash Centre for Occupational and Environmental Health, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Christina Dimitriadis
- Monash Centre for Occupational and Environmental Health, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Sophia Xie
- Peter Maccullum Cancer Centre, Peter Maccullum Cancer Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Chronic Disease and Ageing, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Geza Benke
- Monash Centre for Occupational and Environmental Health, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Malcolm Ross Sim
- Monash Centre for Occupational and Environmental Health, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Karen Walker-Bone
- Monash Centre for Occupational and Environmental Health, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia .,School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,MRC Versus Arthritis Centre for Musculoskeletal Health and Work, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
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LeHuray A. A Review of Hazard Classifications of PAH-Containing Substances Illustrates the Need for Quantitative Assessment Methods. Polycycl Aromat Compd 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/10406638.2020.1830812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Anne LeHuray
- Chemical Management Associates, LLC, Alexandria, Virginia, USA
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Yuan H, Wang Y, Duan H. Risk of Lung Cancer and Occupational Exposure to Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons Among Workers Cohorts - Worldwide, 1969-2022. China CDC Wkly 2022; 4:364-369. [PMID: 35547638 PMCID: PMC9081899 DOI: 10.46234/ccdcw2022.085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2022] [Accepted: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
What is already known about this topic? Lung cancer has a high mortality, resulting in a severe disease burden. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are definitive carcinogen to human, and occupational exposure to PAHs is associated with lung cancer. What is added by this report? We analyzed the cancer cases from cohort studies on various PAHs exposed workers in China and other countries, calculated the quantitative risk of lung cancer based on meta-analyses, and confirmed the increased risk from lung cancer in selected PAHs exposed occupations. What are the implications for public health practices? There is a clear need to prevent lung cancer on a wide range of PAHs-related occupations in China and around the world. It is crucial to establish guidelines for improving the monitoring on exposure and health promotion in related working environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huige Yuan
- National Institute for Occupational Health and Poison Control, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Yanhua Wang
- National Institute for Occupational Health and Poison Control, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Huawei Duan
- National Institute for Occupational Health and Poison Control, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China,Huawei Duan,
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Occupational exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and lymphatic and hematopoietic neoplasms: a systematic review and meta-analysis of cohort studies. Arch Toxicol 2016; 90:2643-2656. [DOI: 10.1007/s00204-016-1822-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2016] [Accepted: 08/04/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Facteurs de risque professionnels du cancer bronchopulmonaire. Rev Mal Respir 2016; 33:444-59. [DOI: 10.1016/j.rmr.2015.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2015] [Accepted: 09/22/2015] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Abstract
Objective: To present results of a bladder cancer screening program conducted in 18 aluminum smelters in the United States from January 2000 to December 2010. Methods: Data were collected on a cohort of workers with a history of working in coal tar pitch volatile exposed areas including urine analysis for conventional cytology and ImmunoCyt/uCyt+ assay. Results: ImmunoCyt/uCyt+ and cytology in combination showed a sensitivity of 62.30%, a specificity of 92.60%, a negative predictive value of 99.90%, and a positive predictive value of 2.96%. Fourteen cases of bladder cancer were detected, and the standardized incidence ratio of bladder cancer was 1.18 (95% confidence interval, 0.65 to 1.99). Individuals who tested positive on either test who were later determined to be cancer free had undergone expensive and invasive tests. Conclusions: Evidence to support continued surveillance of this cohort has not been demonstrated.
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Jiang A, Rambhatla P, Eide M. Socioeconomic and lifestyle factors and melanoma: a systematic review. Br J Dermatol 2015; 172:885-915. [PMID: 25354495 DOI: 10.1111/bjd.13500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/24/2014] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- A.J. Jiang
- Stritch School of Medicine; Loyola University Chicago; Maywood IL U.S.A
| | - P.V. Rambhatla
- Department of Dermatology; Henry Ford Hospital; New Center One; 3031 West Grand Blvd, Suite 800 Detroit MI 48202 U.S.A
| | - M.J. Eide
- Department of Dermatology; Henry Ford Hospital; New Center One; 3031 West Grand Blvd, Suite 800 Detroit MI 48202 U.S.A
- Department of Public Health Sciences; Henry Ford Hospital; New Center One; 3031 West Grand Blvd, Suite 800 Detroit MI 48202 U.S.A
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Wagner M, Bolm-Audorff U, Hegewald J, Fishta A, Schlattmann P, Schmitt J, Seidler A. Occupational polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon exposure and risk of larynx cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Occup Environ Med 2014; 72:226-33. [DOI: 10.1136/oemed-2014-102317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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Rota M, Bosetti C, Boccia S, Boffetta P, La Vecchia C. Occupational exposures to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and respiratory and urinary tract cancers: an updated systematic review and a meta-analysis to 2014. Arch Toxicol 2014; 88:1479-90. [DOI: 10.1007/s00204-014-1296-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2014] [Accepted: 06/04/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE Primary aluminum production is an industrial process with high potential health risk for workers. We consider in this article how to assess community health risks associated with primary aluminum smelter emissions. METHODS We reviewed the literature on health effects, community exposure data, and dose-response relationships of the principal hazardous agents emitted. RESULTS On the basis of representative measured community exposure levels, we were able to make rough estimates on health risks associated with specific agents and categorize these as none, low, medium, or high. CONCLUSIONS It is possible to undertake a rough-estimate community Health Risk Assessment for individual smelters on the basis of information available in the epidemiological literature and local community exposure data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen Claude Martin
- From the Department of Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Occupational Health (Dr Martin), McGill University, Montreal; and Expertise Industrial Hygiene Inc (Mr Larivière), Otterburn Park, Quebec, Canada
| | - Claude Larivière
- From the Department of Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Occupational Health (Dr Martin), McGill University, Montreal; and Expertise Industrial Hygiene Inc (Mr Larivière), Otterburn Park, Quebec, Canada
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE AND METHODS This review examines epidemiological evidence relating to cancers in the primary aluminum industry where most of what is known relates to Söderberg operations or to mixed Söderberg/prebake operations. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS Increased lung and bladder cancer risks have been reported in Söderberg workers from several countries, but not in all. After adjustment for smoking, these cancer risks still increase with cumulative exposure to benzo(a)pyrene, used as an index of coal tar pitch volatiles exposure. Limited evidence has been gathered in several cohorts for an increased risk of tumors at other sites, including stomach, pancreas, rectum/rectosigmoid junction, larynx, buccal cavity/pharynx, kidney, brain/nervous system, prostate, and lymphatic/hematopoietic tissues (in particular non-Hodgkin lymphoma, Hodgkin disease, and leukemia). Nevertheless, for most of these tumor sites, the relationship with specific exposures has not been demonstrated clearly and further follow-up of workers is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Graham W. Gibbs
- From the Safety Health Environment International Consultants Corporation (Dr Gibbs), Alberta; and L'Institut de Recherche Robert-Sauvé en Santé et en Sécurité du Travail (Dr Labrèche), Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - France Labrèche
- From the Safety Health Environment International Consultants Corporation (Dr Gibbs), Alberta; and L'Institut de Recherche Robert-Sauvé en Santé et en Sécurité du Travail (Dr Labrèche), Montreal, Quebec, Canada
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Sivakumar S, Khatiwada CP, Sivasubramanian J, Raja B. FTIR study of protective action of deferoxamine and deferiprone on the kidney tissues of aluminum loaded mice. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2014; 118:488-497. [PMID: 24080580 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2013.09.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2013] [Revised: 08/26/2013] [Accepted: 09/02/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
The present study was designed to evaluate the FTIR spectra of the aluminum exposed kidney tissues and recovered by chelating agents DFO and DFP then showed significant alteration on the major biochemical constituents such as lipids, proteins and glycogen at molecular level. The significant increased in the peak area of glycogen from 0.006±0.001 to 0.187±0.032 may be the interruption of aluminum in the calcium metabolism and the reduced level of calcium. The peak area value of amide A significantly decreased from control (4.931±1.446) to aluminum (1.234±0.052), but improved by DFP and DFO+DFP from 2.658±0.153 to 3.252±0.070 respectively. Amide I and amide II peak area values also decreased from 1.690±0.133 to 0.811±0.192 and 1.158±0.050 to 0.489±0.047 but treated with DFP and DFO+DFP significantly improved. This result suggests an alteration in the protein profile. The absence of Olefinic=CH stretching band, C=O stretching of triglycerides and ring breathing mode in the DNA bases in aluminum exposure kidney suggests an altered lipid levels. Treated with DFP and DFO+DFP mice were considerably increased in lipid peroxidative markers. Further, assessed the activities of enzymatic antioxidants and measured the levels of nonenzymatic antioxidants. Concentrations of trace elements were found by ICP-OES. Histopathology of chelating agents treated kidney showed reduced renal damage in aluminum induced mice. Thus, histopathological findings confirmed the biochemical observations of this study. This results demonstrated that FTIR spectroscopy can be successfully applied to toxicological and biotoxicology studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Sivakumar
- Department of Physics, Annamalai University, Annamalai Nagar, Tamilnadu 608002, India.
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Aluminum(III) interferes with the structure and the activity of the peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerase (Pin1): A new mechanism contributing to the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease and cancers? J Inorg Biochem 2013; 126:111-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2013.05.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2013] [Revised: 05/28/2013] [Accepted: 05/29/2013] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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Ahmed HG, Mahmoud TA, Ginawi IA. Occupational exposures to aluminum and iron and risk of lung epithelium atypia in sudan. Diagn Cytopathol 2013; 41:607-12. [PMID: 23281108 DOI: 10.1002/dc.22911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2012] [Accepted: 06/29/2012] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
This study investigated the risk of lung cytological atypical changes in regards to occupational exposure to aluminum and iron. Detailed job histories were elicited from 130 incident cases with confirmed exposure to aluminum (50) or iron (80) and 157 population controls (nonexposed). Cytological atypia in sputum (dysplasia) was identified in four cases and none of controls (RR =10.8550; 95% CI = 0.5898 to 199.7815, P = 0.1086), hence, metaplasia was observed among 15 (11.5%) of the cases and 10 (6%) of controls (RR = 1.8115; 95% CI = 0.8424-3.8956; P = 0.1283). Evidences of viral infection were observed in 18 (14%) of the cases and 8 (5%) of controls (RR = 2.7173; 95% CI = 1.2213-6.0460; P = 0.0143). Moniliasis was observed in 28 (22%) of the cases and 19 (12%) of controls (RR = 1.6632; 95% CI = 0.9728-2.8435; P = 0.06). Cross-categorizations of aluminum exposure and iron use suggest greater risk associated with iron exposure than aluminum in these workers.
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Occupational Exposures and Cancer of the Larynx—Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. J Occup Environ Med 2012; 54:71-84. [DOI: 10.1097/jom.0b013e31823c1343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Paget-Bailly S, Cyr D, Luce D. Occupational exposures to asbestos, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and solvents, and cancers of the oral cavity and pharynx: a quantitative literature review. Int Arch Occup Environ Health 2011; 85:341-51. [PMID: 21785866 DOI: 10.1007/s00420-011-0683-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2011] [Accepted: 07/04/2011] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The role of occupational risk factors in oral and pharyngeal cancer is not well known and is possibly underestimated. This quantitative review summarizes epidemiological findings on exposure to asbestos, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and solvents, and cancers of the oral cavity and pharynx. METHODS A systematic literature search was performed. We analyzed 63 publications: 8 from case-control studies and 55 from cohort studies. For agents with at least five available studies with homogenous exposure, a series of meta-analyses was conducted to provide quantitative pooled estimates of risks, using random effect models. RESULTS Exposure to asbestos (meta-RR 1.25; 95% CI 1.10-1.42) and to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (meta-RR 1.14; 95% CI 1.02-1.28) was found to be associated with oral and pharyngeal cancer risk. On the other hand, no association was found with exposure to solvents in general (meta-RR 0.98; 95% CI 0.77-1.23) but the strong heterogeneity between studies suggested differences in exposures. The small number of studies with homogeneous exposure did not allow meta-analyses for specific solvents. CONCLUSIONS Future investigations should overcome common weaknesses of past studies, in terms of sample size, characterization of exposure, and classification of cancer sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie Paget-Bailly
- Inserm UMRS 1018, CESP, Epidemiology of Occupational and Social Determinants of Health, Centre for Research in Epidemiology and Population Health, 15/16, avenue Paul Vaillant Couturier, 94807, Villejuif, France
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Abstract
CONTEXT Kidney cancer is among the 10 most frequently occurring cancers in Western communities. Globally, about 270 000 cases of kidney cancer are diagnosed yearly and 116 000 people die from the disease. Approximately 90% of all kidney cancers are renal cell carcinomas (RCC). OBJECTIVE The causes of RCC are not completely known. We have reviewed known aetiologic factors. EVIDENCE ACQUISITION The data provided in the current review are based on a thorough review of available original and review articles on RCC epidemiology with a systemic literature search using Medline. EVIDENCE SYNTHESIS Smoking, overweight and obesity, and germline mutations in specific genes are established risk factors for RCC. Hypertension and advanced kidney disease, which makes dialysis necessary, also increase RCC risk. Specific dietary habits and occupational exposure to specific carcinogens are suspected risk factors, but results in the literature are inconclusive. Alcohol consumption seems to have a protective effect for reasons yet unknown. Hardly any information is available for some factors that may have a high a priori role in the causation of RCC, such as salt consumption. CONCLUSIONS Large collaborative studies with uniform data collection seem to be necessary to elucidate a complete list of established risk factors of RCC. This is necessary to make successful prevention possible for a disease that is diagnosed frequently in a stage where curative treatment is not possible anymore.
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Ramis R, Diggle P, Cambra K, López-Abente G. Prostate cancer and industrial pollution Risk around putative focus in a multi-source scenario. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2011; 37:577-85. [PMID: 21216467 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2010.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2010] [Revised: 11/22/2010] [Accepted: 12/03/2010] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prostate cancer is the second most common type of cancer among men but its aetiology is still largely unknown. Different studies have proposed several risk factors such as ethnic origin, age, genetic factors, hormonal factors, diet and insulin-like growth factor, but the spatial distribution of the disease suggests that other environmental factors are involved. This paper studies the spatial distribution of prostate cancer mortality in an industrialized area using distances from each of a number of industrial facilities as indirect measures of exposure to industrial pollution. MATERIALS AND METHODS We studied the Gran Bilbao area (Spain) with a population of 791,519 inhabitants distributed in 657 census tracts. There were 20 industrial facilities within the area, 8 of them in the central axis of the region. We analysed prostate cancer mortality during the period 1996-2003. There were 883 deaths giving a crude rate of 14 per 100,000 inhabitants. We extended the standard Poisson regression model by the inclusion of a multiplicative non-linear function to model the effect of distance from an industrial facility. The function's shape combined an elevated risk close to the source with a neutral effect at large distance. We also included socio-demographic covariates in the model to control potential confounding. RESULTS We aggregated the industrial facilities by sector: metal, mineral, chemical and other activities. Results relating to metal industries showed a significantly elevated risk by a factor of approximately 1.4 in the immediate vicinity, decaying with distance to a value of 1.08 at 12km. The remaining sectors did not show a statistically significant excess of risk at the source. DISCUSSION Notwithstanding the limitations of this kind of study, we found evidence of association between the spatial distribution of prostate cancer mortality aggregated by census tracts and proximity to metal industrial facilities located within the area, after adjusting for socio-demographic characteristics at municipality level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebeca Ramis
- Department of Environmental Epidemiology and Cancer, National Centre for Epidemiology, Carlos III Institute of Health, Madrid, Spain.
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García-Pérez J, López-Cima MF, Pérez-Gómez B, Aragonés N, Pollán M, Vidal E, López-Abente G. Mortality due to tumours of the digestive system in towns lying in the vicinity of metal production and processing installations. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2010; 408:3102-3112. [PMID: 20427078 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2010.03.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2009] [Revised: 03/15/2010] [Accepted: 03/30/2010] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Releases to the environment of pollutants from industrial metal production and processing installations can pose a health problem to humans, owing to the toxic substances that such emissions contain. OBJECTIVES To investigate whether there might be excess mortality due to tumours of the digestive system among the population residing near Spanish metal production and processing installations included in the European Pollutant Emission Register. METHODS Ecological study designed to examine mortality due to malignant tumours of the digestive system (oral cavity and pharynx, oesophagus, stomach, pancreas, liver, gallbladder, and colon-rectum) at the municipal level, over the period 1994-2003. Population exposure to pollution was estimated on the basis of distance from town of residence to the pollution source. Using mixed Poisson regression models, we analysed: risk of dying from cancer in a 5-kilometre zone around installations by year of commencement of operations; effect of pollution discharge route (air or water) and type of industrial activity; and risk gradient within a 50-kilometre radius of such installations. RESULTS Excess mortality (relative risk, 95% confidence interval) was detected in the vicinity of pre-1990 installations for colorectal cancer (1.05, 1.02-1.08 in men; 1.04, 1.00-1.07 in women) and liver cancer (1.06, 1.00-1.12 in men), with this risk being concentrated in installations that released pollution to air. On stratifying by type of industrial activity, statistically significant associations were also observed between the remaining tumours and certain metal production and processing activities. There was also a gradient effect in the proximity to a number of installations. CONCLUSIONS The results support the existence of an association between risk of dying due to some tumours of the digestive system and residential proximity to the Spanish metal production and processing installations studied.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier García-Pérez
- Cancer and Environmental Epidemiology Unit, National Centre for Epidemiology, Carlos III Institute of Health, Avda. Monforte de Lemos, 5, 28029 Madrid, Spain
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MacFarlane E, Benke G, Del Monaco A, Sim MR. Causes of Death and Incidence of Cancer in a Cohort of Australian Pesticide-Exposed Workers. Ann Epidemiol 2010; 20:273-80. [DOI: 10.1016/j.annepidem.2010.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2009] [Revised: 12/20/2009] [Accepted: 01/11/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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