1
|
Adulthood Psychosocial Disadvantages and Risk of Hypertension in U.S. Workers: Effect Modification by Adverse Childhood Experiences. Life (Basel) 2022; 12:life12101507. [PMID: 36294941 PMCID: PMC9604677 DOI: 10.3390/life12101507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2022] [Revised: 09/22/2022] [Accepted: 09/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypertension is a key driver of cardiovascular diseases. However, how stressors contribute to the development of hypertension remains unclear. The objective of this study was to examine prospective associations of adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) and adulthood psychosocial disadvantages (APDs) with incident hypertension. Data were from the Mid-life in the United States (MIDUS) study, a national, population-based, prospective cohort study. ACEs were examined via retrospective reports, and APDs including work stress and social isolation were assessed using survey measures. Incident hypertension was defined based on self-reported physician diagnosis. Baseline data were collected in 1995, with follow-up in 2004-2006 and 2013-2014. Cox proportional hazards regression was applied to assess prospective associations of ACEs and APDs with incident hypertension in 2568 workers free from hypertension at baseline. After adjustment for covariates, baseline APDs were associated with increased incident hypertension (aHR and 95% CI = 1.48 [1.09, 2.01]) during a 20-year follow-up, whereas ACEs showed null associations. Moreover, a moderating effect by ACEs was observed-the effect of APDs on risk of hypertension was stronger when ACEs were present (aHR and 95% CI = 1.83 [1.17, 2.86]). These findings underscore the importance of psychosocial stressors as nontraditional risk factors of cardiometabolic disorders.
Collapse
|
2
|
Goldberg M, Zins M. [Stressful work and heart do not get along well]. Med Sci (Paris) 2017; 33:991-996. [PMID: 29200398 DOI: 10.1051/medsci/20173311017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
As other occupational risk factors, like noise, heat or some chemicals, stress at work may induce coronary heart disease. Occupational stress has several components and is usually measured using two different instruments: the Karasek model defines the job strain as the association between high constraints and low latitude at work, whereas the Siegrist model relies on the imbalance between efforts at work and rewards. It is now well established that occupational stress is an independent risk factor of coronary heart disease, the attributable risk fraction being about 3.5%, yielding some 3,400-4,000 incident cases each year in France. Several biological mechanisms have been hypothesized to explain how stress can induce coronary heart disease, but this remains largely unknown.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marcel Goldberg
- Unité mixte Cohortes épidémiologiques en population, UMS 11 Inserm-UVSQ, France - Université René Descartes, Paris, France 16, avenue Paul Vaillant Couturier, 94800 Villejuif, France
| | - Marie Zins
- Unité mixte Cohortes épidémiologiques en population, UMS 11 Inserm-UVSQ, France - Université René Descartes, Paris, France 16, avenue Paul Vaillant Couturier, 94800 Villejuif, France
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Tillmann T, Pikhart H, Peasey A, Kubinova R, Pajak A, Tamosiunas A, Malyutina S, Steptoe A, Kivimäki M, Marmot M, Bobak M. Psychosocial and socioeconomic determinants of cardiovascular mortality in Eastern Europe: A multicentre prospective cohort study. PLoS Med 2017; 14:e1002459. [PMID: 29211726 PMCID: PMC5718419 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pmed.1002459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2017] [Accepted: 10/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Eastern European countries have some of the highest rates of cardiovascular disease (CVD) mortality, much of which cannot be adequately accounted for by conventional CVD risk factors. Psychosocial and socioeconomic factors may affect risk of CVD, but relatively few studies on this issue have been undertaken in Eastern Europe. We investigated whether various psychosocial factors are associated with CVD mortality independently from each other and whether they can help explain differences in CVD mortality between Eastern European populations. METHODS Participants were from the Health, Alcohol and Psychological factors in Eastern Europe (HAPIEE) cohort study in Russia, Poland and the Czech Republic, including a total of 20,867 men and women aged 43-74 years and free of CVD at baseline examination during 2002-2005. Participants were followed-up for CVD mortality after linkage to national mortality registries for a median of 7.2 years. RESULTS During the follow-up, 556 participants died from CVD. After mutual adjustment, six psychosocial and socioeconomic factors were associated with increased risk of CVD death: unemployment, low material amenities, depression, being single, infrequent contacts with friends or relatives. The hazard ratios [HRs] for these six factors ranged between 1.26 [95% confidence interval 1.14-1.40] and 1.81 [95% confidence interval 1.24-2.64], fully adjusted for each other, and conventional cardiovascular risk factors. Population-attributable fractions ranged from 8% [4%-13%] to 22% [11%-31%] for each factor, when measured on average across the three cohorts. However, the prevalence of psychosocial and socioeconomic risk factors and their HRs were similar between the three countries. Altogether, these factors could not explain why participants from Russia had higher CVD mortality when compared to participants from Poland/Czech Republic. Limitations of this study include measurement error that could lead to residual confounding; and the possibilities for reverse causation and/or unmeasured confounding from observational studies to lead to associations that are not causal in nature. CONCLUSIONS Six psychosocial and socioeconomic factors were associated with cardiovascular mortality, independent of each other. Differences in mortality between cohorts from Russia versus Poland or Check Republic remained unexplained.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Taavi Tillmann
- Department of Epidemiology & Public Health, University College London, London, United Kingdom
- * E-mail:
| | - Hynek Pikhart
- Department of Epidemiology & Public Health, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Anne Peasey
- Department of Epidemiology & Public Health, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Ruzena Kubinova
- Centre for Environmental Health Monitoring, National Institute of Public Health, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Andrzej Pajak
- Chair of Epidemiology and Population Studies, Institute of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
| | - Abdonas Tamosiunas
- Institute of Cardiology, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Sofia Malyutina
- Research Institute of Internal and Preventive Medicine, Branch of the Institute of Cytology and Genetics, SB RAS, Novosibirsk, Russia
- Novosibirsk State Medical University, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Andrew Steptoe
- Department of Epidemiology & Public Health, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Mika Kivimäki
- Department of Epidemiology & Public Health, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Michael Marmot
- Department of Epidemiology & Public Health, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Martin Bobak
- Department of Epidemiology & Public Health, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Forster N, Dalkin SM, Lhussier M, Hodgson P, Carr SM. Exposing the impact of Citizens Advice Bureau services on health: a realist evaluation protocol. BMJ Open 2016; 6:e009887. [PMID: 26792219 PMCID: PMC4735145 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2015-009887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Welfare advice services can be used to address health inequalities, for example, through Citizens Advice Bureau (CAB). Recent reviews highlight evidence for the impact of advice services in improving people's financial position and improving mental health and well-being, daily living and social relationships. There is also some evidence for the impact of advice services in increasing accessibility of health services, and reducing general practitioner appointments and prescriptions. However, direct evidence for the impact of advice services on lifestyle behaviour and physical health is currently much less well established. There is a need for greater empirical testing of theories around the specific mechanisms through which advice services and associated financial or non-financial benefits may generate health improvements. METHODS AND ANALYSIS A realist evaluation will be conducted, operationalised in 5 phases: building the explanatory framework; refining the explanatory framework; testing the explanatory framework through empirical data (mixed methods); development of a bespoke data recording template to capture longer term impact; and verification of findings with a range of CAB services. This research will therefore aim to build, refine and test an explanatory framework about how CAB services can be optimally implemented to achieve health improvement. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION The study was approved by the ethics committee at Northumbria University, UK. Project-related ethical issues are described and quality control aspects of the study are considered. A stakeholder mapping exercise will inform the dissemination of results in order to ensure all relevant institutions and organisations are targeted.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- N Forster
- Department of Public Health and Wellbeing, Northumbria University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK
- Fuse (The Centre for Translational Research in Public Health), Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK
| | - S M Dalkin
- Department of Public Health and Wellbeing, Northumbria University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK
- Fuse (The Centre for Translational Research in Public Health), Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK
| | - M Lhussier
- Department of Public Health and Wellbeing, Northumbria University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK
- Fuse (The Centre for Translational Research in Public Health), Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK
| | - P Hodgson
- Department of Public Health and Wellbeing, Northumbria University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK
| | - S M Carr
- Department of Public Health and Wellbeing, Northumbria University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK
- Fuse (The Centre for Translational Research in Public Health), Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK
- Federation University, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Tamosiunas A, Radisauskas R, Klumbiene J, Bernotiene G, Petkeviciene J, Luksiene D, Virviciute D, Malinauskiene V, Vikhireva O, Grabauskas V. The Prognostic Value of Family History for the Estimation of Cardiovascular Mortality Risk in Men: Results from a Long-Term Cohort Study in Lithuania. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0143839. [PMID: 26630455 PMCID: PMC4667937 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0143839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2015] [Accepted: 11/10/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM To evaluate the additional prognostic value of family history for the estimation of cardiovascular (CVD) mortality risk in middle-aged urban Lithuanian men. METHODS The association between family history of CVD and the risk of CVD mortality was examined in a population-based cohort of 6,098 men enrolled during 1972-1974 and 1976-1980 in Kaunas, Lithuania. After up to 40 years of follow-up, 2,272 deaths from CVD and 1,482 deaths from coronary heart disease (CHD) were identified. Multivariate Cox proportional hazards models were used to estimate hazard ratios (HR) for CVD and CHD mortality. RESULTS After adjustment for traditional CVD risk factors, the HR for CVD mortality was 1.24 (95% CI 1.09-1.42) and for CHD mortality 1.20 (1.02-1.42) in men with first-degree relatives having a history of myocardial infarction (MI), compared to men without positive family history. A significant effect on the risk of CVD and CHD mortality was also observed for the family history of sudden cardiac death and any CVD. Addition of family history of MI, sudden death, and any CVD to traditional CVD risk factors demonstrated modest improvement in the performance of Cox models for CVD and CHD mortality. CONCLUSIONS Family history of CVD is associated with a risk of CVD and CHD mortality significantly and independently of other risk factors in a middle-aged male population. Addition of family history to traditional CVD risk factors improves the prediction of CVD mortality and could be used for identification of high-risk individuals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Abdonas Tamosiunas
- Institute of Cardiology, Academy of Medicine, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania
- Faculty of Public Health, Academy of Medicine, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania
- * E-mail:
| | - Ricardas Radisauskas
- Institute of Cardiology, Academy of Medicine, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania
- Faculty of Public Health, Academy of Medicine, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Jurate Klumbiene
- Faculty of Public Health, Academy of Medicine, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Gailute Bernotiene
- Institute of Cardiology, Academy of Medicine, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Janina Petkeviciene
- Faculty of Public Health, Academy of Medicine, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Dalia Luksiene
- Institute of Cardiology, Academy of Medicine, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania
- Faculty of Public Health, Academy of Medicine, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Dalia Virviciute
- Institute of Cardiology, Academy of Medicine, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Vilija Malinauskiene
- Institute of Cardiology, Academy of Medicine, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania
- Faculty of Public Health, Academy of Medicine, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Olga Vikhireva
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Vilius Grabauskas
- Faculty of Public Health, Academy of Medicine, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Xu S, Huang Y, Xiao J, Zhu W, Wang L, Tang H, Hu Y, Liu T. The association between job strain and coronary heart disease: a meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies. Ann Med 2015; 47:512-8. [PMID: 26416502 DOI: 10.3109/07853890.2015.1075658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Studies about work stress and the risk of coronary heart disease (CHD) have yielded inconsistent results. This meta-analysis aimed to investigate the association between job strain and the risk of CHD. METHODS We searched PubMed and Embase databases for studies reporting data on job strain and the risk of CHD. Studies were included if they reported multiple-adjusted relative risk (RR) with 95% confidence interval (CI) with respect to CHD from job strain. RESULTS Fourteen prospective cohort studies comprising 232,767 participants were included. The risk of CHD was increased in high-strain (RR 1.26; 95% CI 1.12-1.41) and passive jobs (RR 1.14; 95% CI 1.02-1.29) but not in active jobs (RR 1.09; 95% CI 0.97-1.22), when compared with low-strain group. The increased risk of CHD in high-strain and passive jobs was mainly driven by studies with a follow-up duration of ≥ 10 years. Neither the low-control (RR 1.06; 95% CI 0.93-1.19) nor high-demand (RR 1.13; 95% CI 0.97-1.32) dimension was independently associated with the risk of CHD. CONCLUSIONS Individuals with high-strain and passive jobs were more likely to experience a CHD event. Intervention programs incorporating individual and organizational levels are crucial for reducing job strain and the risk of CHD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shuxian Xu
- a Shenzhen Psychiatric College, Anhui Medical University , Shenzhen, Guangdong , PR China.,b Department of Psychiatry , Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Psychological Health Center , Shenzhen, Guangdong , PR China
| | - Yuli Huang
- c Department of Cardiology , the First People's Hospital of Shunde (the Affiliated Hospital at Shunde, Southern Medical University) , Foshan, Guangdong , China
| | - Jiping Xiao
- d Department of Medical Psychology , Anhui Medical University , Hefei, Anhui , PR China
| | - Wenjing Zhu
- d Department of Medical Psychology , Anhui Medical University , Hefei, Anhui , PR China
| | - Lulu Wang
- e School of Nursing, Anhui Medical University , Hefei, Anhui , PR China
| | - Hongfeng Tang
- c Department of Cardiology , the First People's Hospital of Shunde (the Affiliated Hospital at Shunde, Southern Medical University) , Foshan, Guangdong , China
| | - Yunzhao Hu
- c Department of Cardiology , the First People's Hospital of Shunde (the Affiliated Hospital at Shunde, Southern Medical University) , Foshan, Guangdong , China
| | - Tiebang Liu
- b Department of Psychiatry , Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Psychological Health Center , Shenzhen, Guangdong , PR China
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
von Bonsdorff MB, Cooper R, Kuh D. Job demand and control in mid-life and physical and mental functioning in early old age: do childhood factors explain these associations in a British birth cohort? BMJ Open 2014; 4:e005578. [PMID: 25319998 PMCID: PMC4202008 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2014-005578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Adverse work-related exposures have been linked with decreased physical and mental functioning in later life, however, whether childhood factors explain the associations between work exposures and functioning is unknown. Our aim was to investigate if job demand and control in mid-life were related to self-reported physical and mental functioning in early old age and whether childhood factors explained these associations. DESIGN Prospective cohort study. SETTING England, Scotland and Wales. PARTICIPANTS AND OUTCOME MEASURES Data come from the UK Medical Research Council National Survey of Health and Development, a cohort with follow-up since birth in 1946. 1485 occupationally active study members had data available on job demand and control in mid-life and on physical and mental functioning assessed using the Short Form-36 questionnaire at 60-64 years. RESULTS Those with higher job control in mid-life had better physical functioning than those who reported lower job control (β 0.51, 95% CI 0.02 to 1.01, p=0.04 adjusted for adult confounders). Those with higher job demand in mid-life had poorer mental functioning (β -0.82, 95% CI -1.14 to -0.51, p<0.001). Associations between job control and mental functioning were similar but less pronounced. Adjustment for childhood factors (father's and mother's educational attainment, parents' interest in school at age 7 and cognitive ability at age 8) partially explained the association between job control and physical functioning, but did not explain the association between job demand and mental functioning. CONCLUSIONS Job demand and control in mid-life are differentially associated with mental and physical functioning in early old age and some of these associations may be partially explained by childhood factors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mikaela B von Bonsdorff
- Department of Health Sciences, Gerontology Research Center and University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Rachel Cooper
- MRC Unit for Lifelong Health and Ageing at UCL, London, UK
| | - Diana Kuh
- MRC Unit for Lifelong Health and Ageing at UCL, London, UK
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Magnavita N, Fileni A. Work stress and metabolic syndrome in radiologists: first evidence. Radiol Med 2013; 119:142-8. [PMID: 24297580 DOI: 10.1007/s11547-013-0329-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2012] [Accepted: 09/25/2012] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Scientific data have amply demonstrated that work stress increases the risk of cardiovascular disease. However, less attention has been given to the association between stress and metabolic syndrome. In this study, our aim was to investigate the relationship between work stress and metabolic syndrome in a population of radiologists. MATERIALS AND METHODS Radiologists and radiotherapists taking part in scientific conferences were invited to compile a questionnaire to evaluate work stress and the main parameters for diagnosing metabolic syndrome (obesity, hypertension, elevated cholesterol level, elevated triglycerides, and hyperglycemia). RESULTS Most of the doctors taking part in the survey (n = 383, 58.6 %) were found to have at least one pathological component; 47 subjects (7.1 %) had metabolic syndrome. All the variables indicating work stress, whether derived from Karasek's demand/control model or from the effort/reward model devised by Siegrist, were significant predictors of metabolic syndrome components. Radiologists with elevated levels of stress had a significantly higher risk of being affected by metabolic syndrome than colleagues with lower stress levels, whether stress was defined as "job strain", i.e., elevated work load and reduced discretionary power (OR 4.89, 95 % CI 2.51-9.55), or as "effort reward imbalance", i.e., mismatch between effort and reward for the work performed (OR 4.66, 95 % CI 2.17-10.02). CONCLUSIONS Should the results of this cross-sectional study be confirmed by a subsequent longitudinal survey, they would indicate the need for prompt organizational intervention to reduce occupational stress in radiologists.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nicola Magnavita
- Department of Public Health, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Largo Gemelli 8, 00168, Rome, Italy,
| | | |
Collapse
|
9
|
|
10
|
Job strain-associated inflammatory burden and long-term risk of coronary events: findings from the MONICA/KORA Augsburg case-cohort study. Psychosom Med 2013; 75:317-25. [PMID: 23460721 DOI: 10.1097/psy.0b013e3182860d63] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND We examined the association between job strain and coronary heart disease (CHD) and investigated the role of markers of inflammation and endothelial dysfunction as possible mediators of job strain-associated CHD risk. METHODS The sample (n = 1027) included employed participants (35-64 years old, 68% male) from the population-based MONICA/KORA (Monitoring of Trends and Determinants in Cardiovascular Disease/Kooperative Gesundheitsforschung in der Region Augsburg) studies. At baseline Karasek's Job Strain Index was assessed during standardized personal interviews, and nine biological markers were measured (1984-1995). Participants were followed (average, 12 years) to assess incident events (sudden cardiac death or fatal and nonfatal myocardial infarction). In this case-cohort design, the final sample contained 114 cases and 913 noncases. RESULTS Baseline distributions of cardiometabolic risk factors were significantly different between cases and noncases, with no detectable job strain-specific differences. However, cases with high job strain had higher monocyte chemoattractant protein-1, interleukin (IL)-8, and IL-18 compared with noncases with high job strain. High-sensitivity C-reactive protein, IL-6, and soluble intercellular adhesion molecule-1 were increased in cases versus noncases, regardless of work stress. Job strain was associated with incident coronary events in Cox proportional hazards models adjusted for age, sex, and survey (hazard ratio = 2.57, 95% confidence interval = 1.09-6.07) and after adjustment for CHD risk factors (2.35, 1.003-5.49). Adjustment for monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 or IL-8 increased this risk estimate by 14.5% or 9.4%, respectively, whereas adjustment for C-reactive protein and soluble intercellular adhesion molecule-1 led to decreased hazard ratios (-9.9% and -5.5%, respectively). CONCLUSIONS Job strain increased CHD risk in healthy workers; the associated inflammatory burden may contribute to stress-related coronary pathogenesis.
Collapse
|
11
|
Temporal and Energetic Characteristics of Behavior Predicting Long-term Job Strain, Job Demands, and Job Control. J Occup Environ Med 2013; 55:331-6. [DOI: 10.1097/jom.0b013e31827b736a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
|
12
|
Khayyam-Nekouei Z, Neshatdoost H, Yousefy A, Sadeghi M, Manshaee G. Psychological factors and coronary heart disease. ARYA ATHEROSCLEROSIS 2013; 9:102-11. [PMID: 23690809 PMCID: PMC3653260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2012] [Accepted: 10/14/2012] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although psychological factors play an important role in coronary heart diseases (CHD), it seems there is a need for more researches in this respect. The present study aimed to review psychological factors, including depression, anxiety and stress related to etiology and prognosis of CHD. METHODS This was a review on medical and psychological literatures, particularly in the years 1995-2012. RESULTS As protective factor or risk factor, psychological factors play an important role in CHD. CONCLUSION Given the findings of this study, it seems necessary that we pay attention to psychological factors, as independent risk factors or protective factors for CHD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zohreh Khayyam-Nekouei
- PhD Candidate, Department of Psychology, Isfahan Sciences and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Isfahan, Iran
| | | | - Alireza Yousefy
- Associate Professor, Department of Medical Education, Medical Education Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Masoumeh Sadeghi
- Associate Professor, Cardiac Rehabilitation Research Center, Isfahan Cardiovascular Research Institute, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Gholamreza Manshaee
- Assistant Professor, Department of Psychology, Isfahan Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Isfahan, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Westerlund H, Gustafsson PE, Theorell T, Janlert U, Hammarström A. Social adversity in adolescence increases the physiological vulnerability to job strain in adulthood: a prospective population-based study. PLoS One 2012; 7:e35967. [PMID: 22558285 PMCID: PMC3338487 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0035967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2011] [Accepted: 03/27/2012] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background It has been argued that the association between job strain and health could be confounded by early life exposures, and studies have shown early adversity to increase individual vulnerability to later stress. We therefore investigated if early life exposure to adversity increases the individual's physiological vulnerability job strain in adulthood. Methodology/Principal Findings In a population-based cohort (343 women and 330 men, 83% of the eligible participants), we examined the association between on the one hand exposure to adversity in adolescence, measured at age 16, and job strain measured at age 43, and on the other hand allostatic load at age 43. Adversity was operationalised as an index comprising residential mobility and crowding, parental loss, parental unemployment, and parental physical and mental illness (including substance abuse). Allostatic load summarised body fat, blood pressure, inflammatory markers, glucose, blood lipids, and cortisol regulation. There was an interaction between adversity in adolescence and job strain (B = 0.09, 95% CI 0.02 to 0.16 after adjustment for socioeconomic status), particularly psychological demands, indicating that job strain was associated with increased allostatic load only among participants with adversity in adolescence. Job strain was associated with lower allostatic load in men (β = −0.20, 95% CI −0.35 to −0.06). Conclusions/Significance Exposure to adversity in adolescence was associated with increased levels of biological stress among those reporting job strain in mid-life, indicating increased vulnerability to environmental stressors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hugo Westerlund
- Stress Research Institute, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
14
|
Groeneveld IF, Proper KI, van der Beek AJ, Hildebrandt VH, van Mechelen W. Short and long term effects of a lifestyle intervention for construction workers at risk for cardiovascular disease: a randomized controlled trial. BMC Public Health 2011; 11:836. [PMID: 22040007 PMCID: PMC3247875 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2458-11-836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2011] [Accepted: 10/31/2011] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The prevalence of overweight and elevated cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk among workers in the construction industry is relatively high. Improving lifestyle lowers CVD risk and may have work-related benefits. The purpose of the study was to evaluate the effects on physical activity (PA), diet, and smoking of a lifestyle intervention consisting of individual counseling among male workers in the construction industry with an elevated risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD). METHODS In a randomized controlled trial including 816 male blue- and white-collar workers in the construction industry with an elevated risk of CVD, usual care was compared to a 6-month lifestyle intervention. The intervention consisted of individual counseling using motivational interviewing techniques, and was delivered by an occupational physician or occupational nurse. In three face to face and four telephone contacts, the participant's risk profile, personal determinants, and barriers for behavior change were discussed, and personal goals were set. Participants chose to aim at either diet and PA, or smoking. Data were collected at baseline and after six and 12 months, by means of a questionnaire. To analyse the data, linear and logistic regression analyses were performed. RESULTS The intervention had a statistically significant beneficial effect on snack intake (β-1.9, 95%CI -3.7; -0.02) and fruit intake (β 1.7, 95%CI 0.6; 2.9) at 6 months. The effect on snack intake was sustained until 12 months; 6 months after the intervention had ended (β -1.9, 95%CI -3.6; -0.2). The intervention effects on leisure time PA and metabolic equivalent-minutes were not statistically significant. The beneficial effect on smoking was statistically significant at 6 (OR smoking 0.3, 95%CI 0.1;0.7), but not at 12 months (OR 0.8, 95%CI 0.4; 1.6). CONCLUSIONS Beneficial effects on smoking, fruit, and snack intake can be achieved by an individual-based lifestyle intervention among male construction workers with an elevated risk of CVD. Future research should be done on strategies to improve leisure time PA and on determinants of maintenance of changed behavior. Considering the rising prevalence of unhealthy lifestyle and CVD, especially in the aging population, implementation of this intervention in the occupational health care setting is recommended. TRIAL REGISTRATION Current Controlled Trials ISRCTN60545588
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Iris F Groeneveld
- Department of Public and Occupational Health, EMGO+ Institute for Health and Care Research, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
15
|
Backé EM, Seidler A, Latza U, Rossnagel K, Schumann B. The role of psychosocial stress at work for the development of cardiovascular diseases: a systematic review. Int Arch Occup Environ Health 2011; 85:67-79. [PMID: 21584721 PMCID: PMC3249533 DOI: 10.1007/s00420-011-0643-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 257] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2010] [Accepted: 04/21/2011] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE A systematic review was carried out to assess evidence for the association between different models of stress at work, and cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. METHODS A literature search was conducted using five databases (MEDLINE, Cochrane Library, EMBASE, PSYNDEX and PsycINFO). Inclusion criteria for studies were the following: self-reported stress for individual workplaces, prospective study design and incident disease (myocardial infarction, stroke, angina pectoris, high blood pressure). Evaluation, according to the criteria of the Scottish Intercollegiate Guidelines Network, was done by two readers. In case of disagreement, a third reader was involved. RESULTS Twenty-six publications were included, describing 40 analyses out of 20 cohorts. The risk estimates for work stress were associated with a statistically significant increased risk of cardiovascular disease in 13 out of the 20 cohorts. Associations were significant for 7 out of 13 cohorts applying the demand-control model, all three cohorts using the effort-reward model and 3 out of 6 cohorts investigating other models. Most significant results came from analyses considering only men. Results for the association between job stress and cardiovascular diseases in women were not clear. Associations were weaker in participants above the age of 55. CONCLUSIONS In accordance with other systematic reviews, this review stresses the importance of psychosocial factors at work in the aetiology of cardiovascular diseases. Besides individual measures to manage stress and to cope with demanding work situations, organisational changes at the workplace need to be considered to find options to reduce occupational risk factors for cardiovascular diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eva-Maria Backé
- Federal Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Nöldnerstraße 40-42, 10317, Berlin, Germany.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
16
|
Hintsa T, Hintsanen M, Jokela M, Elovainio M, Raitakari O, Keltikangas-Järvinen L. The influence of temperament on long-term job strain and its components: The cardiovascular risk in Young Finns Study. PERSONALITY AND INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.paid.2010.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
|