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Girma B, Ejeso A, Ashuro Z, Birhanie Aregu M. Occupational Injuries and Associated Factors Among Small-Scale Woodwork Industry Workers in Hawassa, Southern Ethiopia: A Cross-Sectional Study. ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH INSIGHTS 2022; 16:11786302221080829. [PMID: 35237048 PMCID: PMC8882929 DOI: 10.1177/11786302221080829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2021] [Accepted: 01/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Occupational injuries are still a major public health problem and one of the leading causes of disability, morbidity, and mortality. This study aimed to assess occupational injuries and associated factors among workers in the small-scale woodworking industry in Hawassa city, southern Ethiopia. MATERIALS AND METHODS An institutional-based cross-sectional study was conducted among 418 randomly selected small-scale woodworking industry workers. Questionnaires and an observational checklist were used to collect data. The data was entered into Epi data version 3.1 and analyzed using SPSS version 21. Multivariate logistic regression analysis with 95% CI and P < .05 was used to identify factors associated with occupational injury. RESULTS The prevalence of at least one occupational injury in the previous 12 months among small-scale woodworking industry workers was 41.6% [95% CI: 36.9-46.4]. Work experience 1 to 2 years [AOR = 2.8, 95% CI: 1.49-5.2], working more than 48 hours per week [AOR = 2.2, 95% CI: 1.41-3.49], lack of occupational safety and health (OSH) training [AOR = 2.5, 95% CI: 1.35-4.75], and non-use of personal protective equipment (PPE) [AOR = 3.3, 95% CI: 1.85-5.83] were factors significantly associated with occupational injury. CONCLUSIONS In this study, the prevalence of occupational injuries among workers in the small-scale woodworking industry was high. Lack of OSH training, non-use of PPE, work experience of 1 to 2 years, and working more than 48 hours per week were all factors that contributed to occupational injuries. Therefore, workers in the small-scale woodworking industry should receive ongoing occupational safety and health (OSH) training, and personal protective equipment (PPE) should be provided and monitored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Belete Girma
- Sidama Regional Health Bureau, Hawassa
City, Ethiopia
| | - Amanuel Ejeso
- Department of Environmental Health,
College of Health Science and Medicine, Hawassa University, Awassa, Ethiopia
| | - Zemachu Ashuro
- Department of Environmental health,
College of Health Science and Medicine, Dilla University, Dilla, Ethiopia
| | - Mekonnen Birhanie Aregu
- Department of Environmental health,
College of Health Science and Medicine, Dilla University, Dilla, Ethiopia
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Rajak R, Chattopadhyay A, Maurya P. Accidents and injuries in workers of iron and steel industry in West Bengal, India: Prevalence and associated risk factors. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND ERGONOMICS 2021; 28:2533-2540. [PMID: 34842067 DOI: 10.1080/10803548.2021.2012021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
This study estimates the prevalence and risk factors of accidents and injuries among iron and steel industry workers. A cross-sectional study (N = 505) was conducted from November 2019 to March 2020 in the Indian Iron and Steel Company (IISCO), Burnpur, West Bengal, India. The result shows that about 28% of workers experienced accidents and injuries in the last 12 months. The most frequent injuries reported were cuts from sharp objects (37.32%), followed by fractures and dislocation (30.28%) and burns (19.01%), upper head injury (23.24%) and arm/shoulder injury (14.08%). Non-technical education (adjusted odds ratio [AOR]: 2.52), higher exposure in risky and polluted areas (AOR: 2.85), alcohol consumption (AOR: 2.47), poor occupational health and safety knowledge (AOR: 0.65) were significantly associated with work-related injuries. Occupational health and safety knowledge and usage of safety measures must be propagated and monitored to curb accidents and injuries among iron and steel industry workers in India.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rahul Rajak
- Department of Population & Development, International Institute for Population Sciences, Mumbai, India
| | - Aparajita Chattopadhyay
- Department of Population & Development, International Institute for Population Sciences, Mumbai, India
| | - Priya Maurya
- Department of Population & Development, International Institute for Population Sciences, Mumbai, India
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Adeleye AA, Alabdulkarim SA, Nussbaum MA. Impacts of different fabric scissor designs on physical demands and performance in simulated fabric cutting tasks. APPLIED ERGONOMICS 2020; 89:103219. [PMID: 32854826 DOI: 10.1016/j.apergo.2020.103219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2020] [Revised: 06/04/2020] [Accepted: 07/07/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
While there is wide evidence that the occupational use of hand tools increases the risk of musculoskeletal disorder, evidence is limited regarding manual scissors, commonly used by custom tailors for bespoke garment production. We assessed whether scissor design impacts physical demands (muscle activity, perceived discomfort, and wrist posture) and task performance (quality and perceived efficiency). Twenty-four novice volunteers each completed simulated cutting tasks in 24 conditions involving the factorial combinations of four scissor designs (SD), three workstation heights, and two fabric types. SD significantly affected all outcome measures, and differences between SDs were consistent across workstation heights and fabric types. Two wide-handles scissors appeared superior overall, which may be related to the distinct grip type employed with this type of design. These results suggest that careful scissor selection has the potential to both reduce injury risk and enhance performance during fabric cutting tasks, though future testing is needed under more realistic conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adedoyin A Adeleye
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria; Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Saad A Alabdulkarim
- Industrial Engineering Department, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Maury A Nussbaum
- Department of Industrial and Systems Engineering Virginia Tech Blacksburg, Virginia, USA.
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AlMahmoud T, Elkonaisi I, Grivna M, AlNuaimi G, Abu-Zidan FM. Eye Injuries and Related Risk Factors among Workers in Small-scale Industrial Enterprises. Ophthalmic Epidemiol 2020; 27:453-459. [PMID: 32475211 DOI: 10.1080/09286586.2020.1770302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE We aimed to study eye injuries and their risk factors among workers at small-scale industrial enterprises. METHODS Cross-sectional descriptive study. Five hundred workers at small-scale industrial enterprises in Al-Ain City, United Arab Emirates were included. A pre-tested structured questionnaire was used to collect data by direct interviews during the period of October 2018 through June 2019. The outcome measures included self-reported eye injuries, risk factors, and outcomes in the past 12 months. The study adhered to the guidelines of the Declaration of Helsinki. RESULTS One-hundred seventy-five (35%) workers reported eye injury, 25 (14.3%) had recurrent injuries. Twenty-five (15%) received treatment for eye injury. Five percent were hospitalized. Workers who had an eye injury were less educated compared with those who did not (p < .0001), received less safety training (p < .0001), had less work experience (p < .0001), used more spectacle correction glasses (p < .0001), and had less usage of the safety eye goggles and safety eyeglasses (p < .0001) compared with those who had no eye injury. Arc welding (76; 43.4%), chipping (25; 14.3%), and drilling (24; 13.7%) were associated with high risk for eye injury. Twenty-eight percent of eye injuries occurred to observers or working assistants. CONCLUSIONS This study has shown a high percentage of eye injury incidents among workers at small-scale industrial enterprises. This was associated with low usage of the safety eye goggles and glasses. Arc welding posed significant risks for eye injury. This information is useful for safety promotion and development of work-related eye injury prevention legislations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tahra AlMahmoud
- Department of Surgery, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University , Al-Ain, UAE.,United Arab Emirates University, Zayed bin Sultan Center for Health Sciences , Al-Ain, UAE
| | - Ismail Elkonaisi
- Department of Surgery, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University , Al-Ain, UAE
| | - Michal Grivna
- Institute of Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University , Al-Ain, UAE
| | - Ghuwaya AlNuaimi
- Institute of Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University , Al-Ain, UAE
| | - Fikri M Abu-Zidan
- Department of Surgery, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University , Al-Ain, UAE
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An unusual work-related fatality: the importance of scene investigation combined with autopsy findings. Forensic Sci Med Pathol 2019; 15:513-515. [DOI: 10.1007/s12024-019-00100-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/18/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Basha SA, Maiti J. Assessment of work compatibility across employees' demographics: a case study. Int J Inj Contr Saf Promot 2016; 24:106-119. [PMID: 26787217 DOI: 10.1080/17457300.2015.1132736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
'Work compatibility' (WC) is a multi-dimensional diagnostic tool for measuring human performance that affects safety performance of work force. There are a dearth of literature on the use of WC in industrial applications. In this study, the status of WC and its components across employees' demographics such as age, experience, designation and location of work were examined in a steel plant in India. Data on 119 employees collected using Demand-Energizer Instrument was analysed. The results revealed that supervisors perceive higher energizers, higher demands and low WC as compared to workers. Older and high experience employees perceive higher energizers, lower demands and high WC as compared to younger and less experienced employees. All employee groups perceive higher demand for physical environment and physical task content. The problematic work groups identified are less experienced employees and workers in 'allied sections'. The outcomes of the study help the management in three ways to improve human performance at work places: (i) it provides useful information about the work factors to be considered for intervention design, (ii) it identifies the work groups to be targeted while preparing intervention strategies and (iii) it can be used as a leading indicator of human performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- S A Basha
- a Department of Industrial & Systems Engineering , IIT Kharagpur , West Bengal , India
| | - J Maiti
- a Department of Industrial & Systems Engineering , IIT Kharagpur , West Bengal , India
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Kubo J, Cullen MR, Cantley L, Slade M, Tessier-Sherman B, Taiwo O, Desai M. Piecewise exponential models to assess the influence of job-specific experience on the hazard of acute injury for hourly factory workers. BMC Med Res Methodol 2013; 13:89. [PMID: 23841648 PMCID: PMC3727940 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2288-13-89] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2012] [Accepted: 07/07/2013] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Background An inverse relationship between experience and risk of injury has been observed in many occupations. Due to statistical challenges, however, it has been difficult to characterize the role of experience on the hazard of injury. In particular, because the time observed up to injury is equivalent to the amount of experience accumulated, the baseline hazard of injury becomes the main parameter of interest, excluding Cox proportional hazards models as applicable methods for consideration. Methods Using a data set of 81,301 hourly production workers of a global aluminum company at 207 US facilities, we compared competing parametric models for the baseline hazard to assess whether experience affected the hazard of injury at hire and after later job changes. Specific models considered included the exponential, Weibull, and two (a hypothesis-driven and a data-driven) two-piece exponential models to formally test the null hypothesis that experience does not impact the hazard of injury. Results We highlighted the advantages of our comparative approach and the interpretability of our selected model: a two-piece exponential model that allowed the baseline hazard of injury to change with experience. Our findings suggested a 30% increase in the hazard in the first year after job initiation and/or change. Conclusions Piecewise exponential models may be particularly useful in modeling risk of injury as a function of experience and have the additional benefit of interpretability over other similarly flexible models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Kubo
- Quantitative Sciences Unit, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA, USA.
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Blackburn JL, Levitan EB, MacLennan PA, Owsley C, McGwin G. Changes in eye protection behavior following an occupational eye injury. Workplace Health Saf 2012. [PMID: 22909223 DOI: 10.3928/21650799-20120816-52] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
This study investigated whether workers modify eye protection behavior following an occupational eye injury. Workers treated for work-related eye injuries were questioned regarding the use of protective eyewear for the work-month prior to their eye injuries and again 6 to 12 months later. Workers reported an increase in the proportion of work-time they used eye protection (from a median of 20% to 100%; p < .0001). The effect appeared to be driven by whether eye protection was used at the time of the injury. Most respondents (66%) indicated they were more likely to use eye protection since their injuries. Workers not using eye protection at the time of injury were more likely to use eye protection in the future. A variety of employer and employee factors may influence this change. Although many workers' behaviors changed, health care providers should embrace the teachable moment when treating occupational eye injuries to encourage continued use or more appropriate forms of eye protection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin L Blackburn
- Department of Health Care Organization & Policy, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA.
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Blackburn JL, Levitan EB, MacLennan PA, Owsley C, McGwin G. Changes in eye protection behavior following an occupational eye injury. Workplace Health Saf 2012; 60:393-400. [PMID: 22909223 DOI: 10.1177/216507991206000904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2012] [Accepted: 06/04/2012] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
This study investigated whether workers modify eye protection behavior following an occupational eye injury. Workers treated for work-related eye injuries were questioned regarding the use of protective eyewear for the work-month prior to their eye injuries and again 6 to 12 months later. Workers reported an increase in the proportion of work-time they used eye protection (from a median of 20% to 100%; p < .0001). The effect appeared to be driven by whether eye protection was used at the time of the injury. Most respondents (66%) indicated they were more likely to use eye protection since their injuries. Workers not using eye protection at the time of injury were more likely to use eye protection in the future. A variety of employer and employee factors may influence this change. Although many workers' behaviors changed, health care providers should embrace the teachable moment when treating occupational eye injuries to encourage continued use or more appropriate forms of eye protection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin L Blackburn
- Department of Health Care Organization & Policy, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA.
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An effectiveness evaluation of a multifaceted preventive intervention on occupational injuries in foundries: a 13-year follow-up study with interrupted time series analysis. Int Arch Occup Environ Health 2011; 84:867-76. [DOI: 10.1007/s00420-011-0638-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2010] [Accepted: 03/30/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Manjunatha R, Kiran D, Thankappan KR. Sickness Absenteeism, Morbidity and Workplace Injuries among Iron and Steel workers - A Cross Sectional Study from Karnataka, Southern India. Australas Med J 2011; 4:144-7. [PMID: 23390463 DOI: 10.4066/amj.2011.576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The study of illnesses causing absence of workers from work in industries is a practical method to study the health status of industrial workers and to identify occupational health hazards. The iron and steel industries are particularly hazardous places of work. Published data from India on health status of iron and steel workers is limited, therefore this study was undertaken to investigate the sickness absenteeism, morbidity and workplace injuries among this population. METHOD Workers were selected using stratified random sampling. A structured pre-tested interview schedule was used to collect the data. A p value of < 0.05 was considered for statistical significance. RESULTS From a total of 2525 workers, 353 (mean age 55.1 yrs, male 69.4%) participated in the study. The overall proportion of sickness absenteeism was 66.9% (95% CI: 0.62 - 0.71). Overall 16.4 days were lost per worker per year (male = 16.5 & female = 16.2) due to sickness absence. A blue collar worker lost 21.5 days compared to 11.9 days by a white collar worker (p > 0.01). Among workers, health ailments related to the musculoskeletal system (31.4%), gastrointestinal system (25.8%), hypertension (24.4%), respiratory system (18.1%) and other minor ailments (19.3%) were found to be high. CONCLUSION Sickness absenteeism is significantly higher among iron and steel workers when compared to other occupations in India. Blue collar workers and shift workers loose higher number of days due to sickness absence, and they face problems related to musculoskeletal system, gastrointestinal system and hypertension in higher proportions compared to their counterparts. Women experienced hypertension as the common health problem and higher proportions of injuries outside the work environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Manjunatha
- Department of Public Health, Manipal University, Manipal, India
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Serinken M, Karcioglu O, Zencir M, Turkcuer I. Direct medical costs and working days lost due to non-fatal occupational injuries in Denizli, Turkey. J Occup Health 2008; 50:70-4. [PMID: 18285648 DOI: 10.1539/joh.50.70] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Mustafa Serinken
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Pamukkale University, School of Medicine, Denizli, Turkey.
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Pollack KM, Agnew J, Slade MD, Cantley L, Taiwo O, Vegso S, Sircar K, Cullen MR. Use of employer administrative databases to identify systematic causes of injury in aluminum manufacturing. Am J Ind Med 2007; 50:676-86. [PMID: 17676586 DOI: 10.1002/ajim.20493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Employer administrative files are an underutilized source of data in epidemiologic studies of occupational injuries. METHODS Personnel files, occupational health surveillance data, industrial hygiene data, and a real-time incident and injury management system from a large multi-site aluminum manufacturer were linked deterministically. An ecological-level measure of physical job demand was also linked. This method successfully created a database containing over 100 variables for 9,101 hourly employees from eight geographically dispersed U.S. plants. RESULTS Between 2002 and 2004, there were 3,563 traumatic injuries to 2,495 employees. The most common injuries were sprain/strains (32%), contusions (24%), and lacerations (14%). A multivariable logistic regression model revealed that physical job demand was the strongest predictor of injury risk, in a dose dependent fashion. Other strong predictors of injury included female gender, young age, short company tenure and short time on current job. CONCLUSIONS Employer administrative files are a useful source of data, as they permit the exploration of risk factors and potential confounders that are not included in many population-based surveys. The ability to link employer administrative files with injury surveillance data is a valuable analysis strategy for comprehensively studying workplace injuries, identifying salient risk factors, and targeting workforce populations disproportionately affected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keshia M Pollack
- Department of Health Policy and Management, Center for Injury Research and Policy, The Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, USA.
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Abstract
OBJECTIVES To investigate the incidence, nature and determinants of non-fatal occupational injuries in British agriculture. METHODS As part of a postal survey, data on lifetime histories of work in agriculture and occupational accidents were obtained from men born between 1933 and 1977 and residing in three rural areas of England and Wales. Incidence rates for different categories of accident were compared with those derived from statutory reporting. Associations with risk factors were explored by Poisson regression, and summarised by incidence rate ratios (IRRs). RESULTS Of the 10 765 responders (response rate = 31%), 3238 (30%) reported at least one occupational accident at the ages of 14-64 years, leading to absence from work for >or=3 days, including 1492 accidents that could be linked to a specific job listed in the history of agricultural work. The reported incidence of injuries in agriculture was markedly higher than that derived from statutory reporting, particularly for self-employed farmers. During 1996-2003, the highest rates of agricultural accidents were from handling, lifting or carrying (4.9/1000 person-years), falls from a height (4.6/1000 person-years) and injury by animals (3.4/1000 person-years). After adjustment for calendar period and age, the risk of accidents was elevated in men who had only recently entered agricultural work (IRR 3.7, 95% CI 2.7 to 5.1 for men who had worked in agriculture for up to 1 year relative to those who had entered the industry >25 years earlier), and in those who carried out forestry (IRR 1.7, 95% CI 1.5 to 1.9). CONCLUSION Our findings confirm the substantial underascertainment of serious accidental injuries in agriculture through statutory reporting, particularly for the self-employed. The risk of accidents is highest in new recruits to the industry and in those undertaking forestry, and these groups should be a target for further preventive action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine Solomon
- MRC Epidemiology Resource Centre, Southampton General Hospital, Southampton. SO16 6YD, UK
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Santana V, Nobre L, Waldvogel BC. Acidentes de trabalho no Brasil entre 1994 e 2004: uma revisão. CIENCIA & SAUDE COLETIVA 2005. [DOI: 10.1590/s1413-81232005000400009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Neste estudo sintetizam-se achados epidemiológicos sobre acidentes de trabalho fatais e não-fatais para populações brasileiras, entre 1994 e 2004, período pós II Conferência Nacional de Saúde do Trabalhador. Os estudos foram identificados em pesquisa nas bases Scielo e Medline, limitando-se a trabalhos completos disponíveis. Verificou-se que embora o coeficiente de mortalidade por acidentes de trabalho seja elevado, entre 1990 e 2003 caiu 56,5%. Todavia, a letalidade aumentou (0,18% em 1970 para 1,07%) até 1999, quando passou a declinar (0,70% em 2003). A incidência cumulativa anual de acidentes de trabalho não-fatais também vem reduzindo, mas discretamente, em especial, para os menos graves. Não houve alteração para os acidentes incapacitantes. Pesquisas populacionais mostram que a incidência cumulativa anual varia entre 3% e 6%. Trabalhadores rurais têm o dobro do risco do que os de área urbana. A construção civil, indústria da celulose, serviços domésticos estão entre os grupos de maior risco para acidentes não-fatais. A subnotificação de óbitos se concentrou entre 70% e 90%. Indica-se a necessidade de uma redefinição das políticas de proteção ao trabalhador tomando como base o conhecimento produzido sobre este evitável problema de saúde.
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Porru S, Placidi D, Carta A, Alessio L. Prevention of injuries at work: the role of the occupational physician. Int Arch Occup Environ Health 2005; 79:177-92. [PMID: 16187126 DOI: 10.1007/s00420-005-0023-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2005] [Accepted: 06/22/2005] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To highlight the role of occupational physician (OP) in occupational injuries (OI) prevention and management. To suggest an approach beyond traditional focus on descriptive epidemiology, engineering interventions, administrative aspects of OI prevention. To promote a person- and enterprise-tailored approach, entailing greater attention to human factors and to practical problems of the specific workplace, with a call to a leading role played by OP. METHODS AND RESULTS Analysis of the literature on the broader topic of OI prevention revealed thousands of publications; however, only a handful of them mention or describe the participation of OP in OI prevention. While recognizing that literature search is not the proper and only way to appreciate the current role of OP in this field, therefore, it seems necessary to call OP to a stronger effort in prevention and management of OI, through the context of a comprehensive intervention in cooperation with managers, supervisors, safety personnel and workers, focusing on specific needs of each enterprise. The following areas of OP intervention were examined: risk assessment, health surveillance, management, scientific research and health education. Within each of these topics, possible contributions, methodologies, instruments available for the OP were discussed, taking into account the relevant literature. Pathways for practical applications were illustrated, e.g., OI data generation and analyses, predictors of OI, fitness for work, case management, team work, educational issues, first aid, suggestion for OP contribution in specific research questions. CONCLUSIONS OI continue to take a remarkable toll from individuals and society. New multidisciplinary interventions are needed to prevent OI. Focused activities at the single worksite with a central role from OP are definite options. OP is an effective interface between workforce and management and may offer, through a proactive approach, valuable practical and cultural contributions, while respecting technical and ethical guidelines of occupational health professionals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Porru
- Institute of Occupational Health, University of Brescia, p.le Spedali Civili, 1, 25125 Brescia, Italy.
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Salminen S. Have young workers more injuries than older ones? An international literature review. JOURNAL OF SAFETY RESEARCH 2004; 35:513-21. [PMID: 15530925 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsr.2004.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 150] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2003] [Revised: 06/09/2004] [Accepted: 08/11/2004] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
PROBLEM Two questions were posed in this global literature review: Do young workers have a higher occupational injury rate? Are the injuries of young workers more often fatal than those of older workers? METHOD The studies of nonfatal and fatal injuries were collected based on the following criteria: (a) published in peer-reviewed journals; (b) the young workers were under 25 years of age; (c) the injury rate or fatality rate of young workers and the overall rate was published; and (d) description of the population and the number of injuries was presented. RESULTS The majority of 63 nonfatal studies reported showed that young workers had a higher injury rate than older workers. Twenty-nine out of 45 studies on fatal occupational injuries indicated that young workers had a lower fatality rate than older workers. These results are clearer for men than for women. IMPACT ON INDUSTRY The results showed that young men were a risk group for occupational injuries. However, the injuries of young workers were reported as less often fatal than those of older workers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simo Salminen
- Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, Department of Occupational Safety, Topeliuksenkatu 41b, FI-00250 Helsinki, Finland.
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Abstract
This study investigated risk factors for laceration injuries among workers employed in line-paced manufacturing assembly operations. Most lacerations (76% of 576) occurred on the hands and fingers (grouped as "hand" lacerations). On average, 37% of surveyed workers reported at least one laceration to the hand in the preceding year, resulting in an overall hand laceration rate of 83 per 100 workers per year. An inverse relationship was found between level of job routinization and hand lacerations, with progressively higher rates of hand lacerations occurring among workers assigned to less routine (more variable) work patterns. Fabricated metal parts handling and job variability may be related to increased risk of hand lacerations in line-paced work environments where personal protective equipment is the primary strategy to control exposure to sharp objects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer L Bell
- Analysis and Field Evaluations Branch, Division of Safety Research, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Morgantown, WV 26505, USA.
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Santana V, Maia AP, Carvalho C, Luz G. [Non-fatal occupational injuries: gender and job contract differences]. CAD SAUDE PUBLICA 2003; 19:481-93. [PMID: 12764464 DOI: 10.1590/s0102-311x2003000200015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
In Brazil, workers without a formal job contract comprise more than half of the labor force, a contingent formed mainly by women. This study presents estimates of the annual incidence of non-fatal work-related injuries and their distribution by gender and type of job contract in an urban area of Brazil. This was a community-based study with a random cluster area sample of the inhabitants from the city of Salvador, capital of the State of Bahia. The study population included all individuals from 18 to 65 years of age who reported having a paid job (n = 2,947). Data were obtained through individual household interviews. The overall estimated annual incidence rate was 5.80%, with a non-statistically significant difference between men (6.05%) and women (5.53%) or workers with (5.67%) and without (5.92%) a formal job contract. These similarities between work-related accidents across gender and type of job contract highlighted the need for greater attention to this problem among women and informal workers, who are largely ignored in official statistics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vilma Santana
- Instituto de Saúde Coletiva, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, BA, 40110-170, Brasil.
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