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Kudo-Saito C, Matsumura S, Mori T, Honma Y, Yoshimoto S. Prognostic significance of the FSTL1-DIP2A axis in early-stage tongue cancer. Am J Cancer Res 2024; 14:3816-3825. [PMID: 39267678 PMCID: PMC11387867 DOI: 10.62347/rzao3562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2024] [Accepted: 07/21/2024] [Indexed: 09/15/2024] Open
Abstract
In tongue cancer, many patients already have metastasis at the time of diagnosis, and such cases are usually unresponsive to treatment, resulting in a poor prognosis. Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop more effective diagnostic and therapeutic methods to cure tongue cancer at the earliest possible stage in clinical practice. Follistatin-like 1 (FSTL1) is known as a negative effector molecule that induces and enhances the refractoriness of cancer cells directly and indirectly via suppressing anti-tumor immunity in various types of cancer. However, the molecular expression, functions, and clinical significance of FSTL1 and its receptor DIP2A in tongue cancer remains to be elucidated. In this study, we revealed that FSTL1, which is highly expressed in tongue cancer cells, plays a key role in its malignancy and is a significant risk factor for recurrence of early-stage tongue cancer. Basic study shows that FSTL1 is abundantly produced from human tongue cancer cell lines, and blocking FSTL1 with specific siRNAs or mAb significantly suppresses cellular functions. Clinical study shows that both FSTL1 and its receptor DIP2A are highly and correlatively expressed in tumor tissues of tongue cancer patients, and high expression levels of both in stage I tumors are significantly associated with shorter relapse-free survival. These suggest that targeting the FSTL1-DIP2A axis may be useful as a biomarker for early prediction of prognosis in tongue cancer patients, and as a therapeutic target for developing new drugs to treat tongue cancer more effectively. This strategy will contribute to improving clinical outcomes in tongue cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chie Kudo-Saito
- Department of Immune Medicine, National Cancer Center Research Institute Tokyo, Japan
| | - Satoko Matsumura
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, National Cancer Center Hospital Tokyo, Japan
| | - Taisuke Mori
- Department of Diagnostic Pathology, National Cancer Center Hospital Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoshitaka Honma
- Department of Head and Neck, Esophageal Medical Oncology, National Cancer Center Hospital Tokyo, Japan
| | - Seiichi Yoshimoto
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, National Cancer Center Hospital Tokyo, Japan
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Abstract
Conventional skin and blood sampling techniques for disease diagnosis, though effective, are often highly invasive and some even suffer from variations in analysis. With the improvements in molecular detection, the amount of starting sample quantity needed has significantly reduced in some diagnostic procedures, and this has led to an increased interest in microsampling techniques for disease biomarker detection. The miniaturization of sampling platforms driven by microsampling has the potential to shift disease diagnosis and monitoring closer to the point of care. The faster turnaround time for actionable results has improved patient care. The variations in sample quantification and analysis remain a challenge in the microsampling field. The future of microsampling looks promising. Emerging techniques are being clinically tested and monitored by regulatory bodies. This process is leading to safer and more reliable diagnostic platforms. This review discusses the advantages and disadvantages of current skin and blood microsampling techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benson U W Lei
- Future Industries Institute, University of South Australia, Mawson Lakes Campus, Building MM - MM2-01F, GPO Box 2471, Mawson Lakes Blvd, Mawson Lakes, Adelaide, SA, 5095, Australia.,Dermatology Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Australia
| | - Tarl W Prow
- Future Industries Institute, University of South Australia, Mawson Lakes Campus, Building MM - MM2-01F, GPO Box 2471, Mawson Lakes Blvd, Mawson Lakes, Adelaide, SA, 5095, Australia. .,Dermatology Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Australia.
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Combined Evaluation of Matrix Metalloproteinases and their Inhibitors has Better Clinical Utility in Oral Cancer. Int J Biol Markers 2018; 26:27-36. [PMID: 21337314 DOI: 10.5301/jbm.2011.6359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/10/2011] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Background Oral cancer is a major health hazard worldwide with increasing incidence and mortality. Cervical lymph node metastasis is a major determinant of outcome in oral cancer. The matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) system is critically involved in invasion and metastasis. Assessment of MMPs and tissue inhibitors of MMPs (TIMPs) in certain combinations might have better clinical efficacy given their potential role in the metastatic process. Aim Plasma concentrations of MMP-2, MMP-9, TIMP-1 and TIMP-2 in 50 controls and 75 oral cancer patients (nonmetastatic, n=54; metastatic, n=21) were evaluated to assess their investigative value and role in predicting the behavior of this malignancy. Methods The plasma concentrations of MMP-2, MMP-9, TIMP-1 and TIMP-2 were quantified by ELISA. The best 2- and 3-marker combinations were calculated using the statistical software mROC. The diagnostic values for all the biomolecules as single markers and their combinations were estimated using the measures of diagnostic accuracy, i.e. the area under the ROC curve and the sensitivity and specificity at cutoff limits with the highest diagnostic accuracy and at the 95% limits of sensitivity and specificity, respectively. Results MMP-9, TIMP-1 and TIMP-2 were significantly elevated (p=0.000, p=0.013 and p=0.005, respectively) in oral cancer patients. MMP-9 emerged as the best single statistically significant marker in plasma for oral cancer detection. It showed an increase in diagnostic performance when tested in combination with MMP-2 and TIMP-2. The median plasma MMP-9 levels were elevated in both the metastatic and nonmetastatic groups compared with controls (p<0.004 and p<0.007, respectively). Conclusion The results indicated that plasma MMP and TIMP levels in relevant combinations may facilitate clinical decision-making for improved management of oral cancer patients and may provide important data for selecting patients for treatment with drugs that interfere with MMP and TIMP activities.
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Bredell MG, Ernst J, El-Kochairi I, Dahlem Y, Ikenberg K, Schumann DM. Current relevance of hypoxia in head and neck cancer. Oncotarget 2016; 7:50781-50804. [PMID: 27434126 PMCID: PMC5226620 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.9549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2015] [Accepted: 04/28/2016] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Head and Neck cancer (HNC) is a complex mix of cancers and one of the more common cancers with a relatively poor prognosis. One of the factors that may assist us in predicting survival and allow us to adjust our treatment strategies is the presence of tumor hypoxia. In this overview we aim to evaluate the current evidence and potential clinical relevance of tumor hypoxia in head and neck cancer according to an extensive search of current literature.An abundance of evidence and often contradictory evidence is found in the literature. Even the contradictory evidence and comparisons are difficult to judge as criteria and methodologies differ greatly, furthermore few prospective observational studies exist for verification of the pre-clinical studies. Despite these discrepancies there is clear evidence of associations between prognosis and poor tumor oxygenation biomarkers such as HIF-1α, GLUT-1 and lactate, though these associations are not exclusive. The use of genetic markers is expanding and will probably lead to significantly more and complex evidence. The lack of oxygenation in head and neck tumors is of paramount importance for the prediction of treatment outcomes and prognosis. Despite the wide array of conflicting evidence, the drive towards non-invasive prediction of tumor hypoxia should continue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marius G. Bredell
- Department of Cranio-, Maxillofacial and Oral Surgery, University Hospital Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Jutta Ernst
- Department of Cranio-, Maxillofacial and Oral Surgery, University Hospital Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Ilhem El-Kochairi
- Department of Cranio-, Maxillofacial and Oral Surgery, University Hospital Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Yuliya Dahlem
- Department of Cranio-, Maxillofacial and Oral Surgery, University Hospital Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Kristian Ikenberg
- Department of Pathology, University Hospital of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Desiree M. Schumann
- Department of Cranio-, Maxillofacial and Oral Surgery, University Hospital Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
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Han MW, Lee JC, Kim YM, Cha HJ, Roh JL, Choi SH, Nam SY, Cho KJ, Kim SW, Kim SY. Epithelial-mesenchymal transition: clinical implications for nodal metastasis and prognosis of tongue cancer. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2014; 152:80-6. [PMID: 25389317 DOI: 10.1177/0194599814556061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The development of biomarkers for the prediction of lymph node metastasis and prognosis is critical for deciding the treatment modality of tongue cancer. The purpose of our study is to investigate the clinical implications of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) expression in tongue cancer. STUDY DESIGN Historical cohort study SETTING Tertiary-care hospital. SUBJECTS AND METHODS The study included 95 subjects with tongue cancer who underwent wide excision and neck dissection. According to characteristics of immunohistochemical staining for E-cadherin and vimentin, we classified the tumors as complete EMT phenotype, incomplete EMT phenotype, or epithelial phenotype. The correlation between risk factors and nodal metastasis was assessed, and disease-free survival (DFS) was analyzed. RESULTS Positive lymph nodes were detected in 46 (48.4%) patients and was found to correlate significantly with depth of invasion ≥ 4 mm and EMT expression on multivariate analysis (P = .030, P = .022, respectively). The mean follow-up period of all patients was 96.3 months (range, 6-149 months). Overall 5-year DFS was 61.7%. On multivariate analysis, the only factors affecting DFS were nodal stage and EMT expression (P = .033, P = .021, respectively). CONCLUSIONS Our study reveals that EMT expression is a significant biomarker for predicting lymph node metastasis and tumor recurrence in tongue cancer. Evaluation of EMT expression in tongue cancer can allow therapy to be offered accordingly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Myung Woul Han
- Department of Otolaryngology, Ulsan University Hospital, Ulsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong Cheol Lee
- Department of Otolaryngology, Ulsan University Hospital, Ulsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Min Kim
- Department of Pathology, Ulsan University Hospital, Ulsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee Jeong Cha
- Department of Pathology, Ulsan University Hospital, Ulsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong-Lyel Roh
- Department of Otolaryngology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-Ho Choi
- Department of Otolaryngology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Soon Yuhl Nam
- Department of Otolaryngology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung-Ja Cho
- Department of Pathology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Seong Who Kim
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Yoon Kim
- Department of Otolaryngology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea Biomedical Research Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Abstract
Oral and oropharyngeal cancer (OPC) is a complex and often relentless malignancy prone to local invasion and dissemination. Despite advances in understanding of the disease and improved therapeutic interventions, it continues to be diagnosed at an advanced stage and the survival rate remains poor. The financial cost of treating OPC may be the highest of all cancers in the United States and survivors often experience major detriments to quality of life. Major risk factors for OPC are tobacco, alcohol, areca nut, and human papillomavirus infection. This article updates medical practitioners on the causes, presentation, diagnosis, and management of OPC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michaell A Huber
- Department of Comprehensive Dentistry, University of Texas Health Science Center, School of Dentistry, 7703 Floyd Curl Drive, Mail Code 7919, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA.
| | - Bundhit Tantiwongkosi
- Department of Radiology, University of Texas Health Science Center San Antonio, 7703 Floyd Curl Drive, Mail Code 7800, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA; Department of Otolaryngology, University of Texas Health Science Center San Antonio, 7703 Floyd Curl Drive, Mail Code 7800, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
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Libório TN, Ferreira EN, Aquino Xavier FC, Carraro DM, Kowalski LP, Soares FA, Nunes FD. TGIF1 splicing variant 8 is overexpressed in oral squamous cell carcinoma and is related to pathologic and clinical behavior. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol 2013; 116:614-25. [DOI: 10.1016/j.oooo.2013.07.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2013] [Revised: 07/14/2013] [Accepted: 07/21/2013] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
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Abstract
Salivary diagnostics is a dynamic and emerging field utilizing nanotechnology and molecular diagnostics to aid in the diagnosis of oral and systemic diseases. In this article the author critically reviews the latest advances using oral biomarkers for disease detection. The use of oral fluids is broadening perspectives in clinical diagnosis, disease monitoring, and decision making for patient care. Important elements determining the future possibilities and challenges in this field are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Malamud
- Department of Basic Sciences, New York University College of Dentistry, New York, NY 10010, USA.
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