Akturk R, Serinsöz S. Determining a Method to Minimize Pain After Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy Surgery.
Surg Laparosc Endosc Percutan Tech 2022;
32:441-448. [PMID:
35797664 DOI:
10.1097/sle.0000000000001071]
[Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND
Although many studies have investigated control of postoperative pain, inadequacy of treatment still remains. In this study, we aimed to identify a method with the capacity to minimize abdominal and right shoulder pain after laparoscopic cholecystectomy.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
A total of 684 subjects, 77% (n=527) female and 23% (n=157) male, were included in this study. A T-drain was prescribed for patients requiring bile duct exploration and patients with acute cholecystitis were excluded from the study. Subjects were classified into groups as follows: Group 1: control group without drain and intraperitoneal analgesics; Group 2: a drain was placed but no intraperitoneal analgesic was applied; Group 3: no drain was placed and intraperitoneal subhepatic bupivacaine was applied; and Group 4: drain was placed and intraperitoneal subhepatic bupivacaine was applied. Parietal pain and visceral pain were evaluated with visual analog scale (VAS).
RESULTS
A drain was present in 51.9% (n=355) of the cases. A statistically significant difference was found between the preoperative pulse rate measurements of the cases according to the groups ( P =0.009; <0.01). Subhepatic bupivacaine was administered in 50.1% (n=355) of the cases. A statistically significant difference was found between the second, fourth, sixth, 12th, and 24th hour VAS scores of the cases according to the groups [2 h VAS scores (mean±SD): Group 1: 3.58±1.07, Group 2: 3.86±1.12, Group 3: 1.20±0.67, and Group 4: 1.50±1.21 ( P <0.001)]; [4 h VAS scores (mean±SD): Group 1: 2.55±1.26, Group 2: 2.87±1.14, Group 3: 1.66±1.06, and Group 4: 2.02±1.23 ( P <0.001)]; [6 h VAS scores (mean±SD): Group 1: 2.50±0.91, Group 2: 2.53±1.14, Group 3: 1.66±1.06, and Group 4: 2.02±1.23 ( P <0.001)]; [12 h VAS scores (mean±SD): Group 1: 3.24±1.2, Group 2: 3.49±1.14, Group 3: 2.83±0.98, and Group 4 : 2.99±1.36 ( P <0.001)]; and [24 h VAS scores (mean±SD): Group 1: 3.75±0.99, Group 2: 4.01±0.91, Group 3: 3.61±1.34, and Group 4: 4.01±1.08 ( P <0.001)].
CONCLUSION
Bupivacaine spraying reduces postoperative abdominal pain, while drain placement minimizes shoulder pain by reducing CO 2 remaining under the diaphragm.
Collapse