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Quenon JL, Vacher A, Faget M, Levif-Lecourt M, Roberts T, Fucks I, Promé-Visinoni M, Cadot C, Bousigue JY, Quintard B, Parneix P, Pourin C. Exploring the role of managers in the development of a safety culture in seven French healthcare facilities: a qualitative study. BMC Health Serv Res 2020; 20:517. [PMID: 32513157 PMCID: PMC7278117 DOI: 10.1186/s12913-020-05331-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2019] [Accepted: 05/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Numerous studies have been conducted over the past 15 years to assess safety culture within healthcare facilities; in general, these studies have shown the pivotal role that managers play in its development. However, little is known about what healthcare managers actually do to support this development, and how caregivers and managers represent managers'role. Thus the objectives of this study were to explore: i) caregivers and managers' perceptions and representations of safety, ii) the role of managers in the development of safety culture as perceived by themselves and by caregivers, iii) managers' activities related to the development of safety culture. METHODS An exploratory, multicentre, qualitative study was conducted from May 2014 to March 2015 in seven healthcare facilities in France. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with managers (frontline, middle and top level) and caregivers (doctors, nurses and nurse assistants) and on-site observations of two managers were carried out in all facilities. A thematic analysis of semi-structured interviews was performed. Observed activities were categorised using Luthans' typology of managerial activities. RESULTS Participants in semi-structured interviews (44 managers and 21 caregivers) expressed positive perceptions of the level of safety in their facility. Support from frontline management was particularly appreciated, while support from top managers was identified as an area for improvement. Six main categories of safety-related activities were both observed among managers and regularly expressed by participants. However, caregivers' expectations of their managers and managerial perceptions of these expectations only partially overlapped. CONCLUSIONS The present study highlights current categories of managerial activities that foster safety culture, and points out an important gap between caregivers' expectations of their managers, and managerial perceptions of these expectations. The findings underline the need to allow more time for managers and caregivers to talk about safety issues. The results could be used to develop training programs to help healthcare managers to understand their role in the development of safety culture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Luc Quenon
- Comité de Coordination de l'Évaluation Clinique et de la Qualité en Nouvelle Aquitaine - Hôpital Xavier Arnozan, Allée du Haut-Lévêque, 33604, Pessac, France
| | - Anthony Vacher
- Institut de recherche biomédicale des armées - Unité d'Ergonomie cognitive des situations opérationnelles, 1 place Valérie André, 91223, Brétigny sur Orge, France.
| | - Marc Faget
- Comité de Coordination de l'Évaluation Clinique et de la Qualité en Nouvelle Aquitaine - Hôpital Xavier Arnozan, Allée du Haut-Lévêque, 33604, Pessac, France.,Department of Operations Management, KEDGE Business School, 680 Cours de la Libération, 33405, Talence, France
| | - Marie Levif-Lecourt
- Comité de Coordination de l'Évaluation Clinique et de la Qualité en Nouvelle Aquitaine - Hôpital Xavier Arnozan, Allée du Haut-Lévêque, 33604, Pessac, France
| | - Tamara Roberts
- Comité de Coordination de l'Évaluation Clinique et de la Qualité en Nouvelle Aquitaine - Hôpital Xavier Arnozan, Allée du Haut-Lévêque, 33604, Pessac, France
| | - Isabelle Fucks
- Département Management des Risques Industriels, 1 avenue du Général de Gaulle, 92141, Clamart, France
| | - Myriam Promé-Visinoni
- Institut pour une culture de sécurité industrielle, 6 Allée Emile Monso, 31400, Toulouse, France
| | - Christine Cadot
- Centre Hospitalier d'Agen, 21 Route de Villeneuve, 47923, Agen, France
| | - Jean-Yves Bousigue
- Institut pour une culture de sécurité industrielle, 6 Allée Emile Monso, 31400, Toulouse, France
| | - Bruno Quintard
- Laboratoire EA 4136 'Handicap, Activité, Cognition, Santé', Université de Bordeaux, Faculté de Psychologie, 3 ter, place de la Victoire, 33076, Bordeaux, France
| | - Pierre Parneix
- Centre d'appui pour la Prévention des Infections Associées aux Soins de Nouvelle-Aquitaine, CHU de Bordeaux, Hôpital Pellegrin - Bâtiment Le Tondu, 33076, Bordeaux, France
| | - Catherine Pourin
- Comité de Coordination de l'Évaluation Clinique et de la Qualité en Nouvelle Aquitaine - Hôpital Xavier Arnozan, Allée du Haut-Lévêque, 33604, Pessac, France
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Groene O, Arah OA, Klazinga NS, Wagner C, Bartels PD, Kristensen S, Saillour F, Thompson A, Thompson CA, Pfaff H, DerSarkissian M, Sunol R. Patient Experience Shows Little Relationship with Hospital Quality Management Strategies. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0131805. [PMID: 26151864 PMCID: PMC4494712 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0131805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2015] [Accepted: 06/07/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Patient-reported experience measures are increasingly being used to routinely monitor the quality of care. With the increasing attention on such measures, hospital managers seek ways to systematically improve patient experience across hospital departments, in particular where outcomes are used for public reporting or reimbursement. However, it is currently unclear whether hospitals with more mature quality management systems or stronger focus on patient involvement and patient-centered care strategies perform better on patient-reported experience. We assessed the effect of such strategies on a range of patient-reported experience measures. MATERIALS AND METHODS We employed a cross-sectional, multi-level study design randomly recruiting hospitals from the Czech Republic, France, Germany, Poland, Portugal, Spain, and Turkey between May 2011 and January 2012. Each hospital contributed patient level data for four conditions/pathways: acute myocardial infarction, stroke, hip fracture and deliveries. The outcome variables in this study were a set of patient-reported experience measures including a generic 6-item measure of patient experience (NORPEQ), a 3-item measure of patient-perceived discharge preparation (Health Care Transition Measure) and two single item measures of perceived involvement in care and hospital recommendation. Predictor variables included three hospital management strategies: maturity of the hospital quality management system, patient involvement in quality management functions and patient-centered care strategies. We used directed acyclic graphs to detail and guide the modeling of the complex relationships between predictor variables and outcome variables, and fitted multivariable linear mixed models with random intercept by hospital, and adjusted for fixed effects at the country level, hospital level and patient level. RESULTS Overall, 74 hospitals and 276 hospital departments contributed data on 6,536 patients to this study (acute myocardial infarction n = 1,379, hip fracture n = 1,503, deliveries n = 2,088, stroke n = 1,566). Patients admitted for hip fracture and stroke had the lowest scores across the four patient-reported experience measures throughout. Patients admitted after acute myocardial infarction reported highest scores on patient experience and hospital recommendation; women after delivery reported highest scores for patient involvement and health care transition. We found no substantial associations between hospital-wide quality management strategies, patient involvement in quality management, or patient-centered care strategies with any of the patient-reported experience measures. CONCLUSION This is the largest study so far to assess the complex relationship between quality management strategies and patient experience with care. Our findings suggest absence of and wide variations in the institutionalization of strategies to engage patients in quality management, or implement strategies to improve patient-centeredness of care. Seemingly counterintuitive inverse associations could be capturing a scenario where hospitals with poorer quality management were beginning to improve their patient experience. The former suggests that patient-centered care is not yet sufficiently integrated in quality management, while the latter warrants a nuanced assessment of the motivation and impact of involving patients in the design and assessment of services.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oliver Groene
- Department of Health Services Research and Policy, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
- Red de investigación en servicios de salud en enfermedades crónicas REDISSEC, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Onyebuchi A. Arah
- Department of Epidemiology, The Fielding School of Public Health, University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Niek S. Klazinga
- Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Cordula Wagner
- Netherlands Institute for Health Services Research, Utrecht, the Netherlands
- Department of Public and Occupational Health, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Paul D. Bartels
- Danish Clinical Registries, Aarhus, Denmark, and Department of Clinical Medicine, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Solvejg Kristensen
- Danish Clinical Registries, Aarhus, Denmark, and Department of Clinical Medicine, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Florence Saillour
- Unité Méthodes Evaluation en Santé, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Andrew Thompson
- School of Social and Political Science, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Caroline A. Thompson
- Palo Alto Medical Foundation Research Institute (PAMFRI), Palo Alto, California, United States of America
| | - Holger Pfaff
- Institute of Medical Sociology, Health Services Research and Rehabilitation Science, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Maral DerSarkissian
- Department of Epidemiology, The Fielding School of Public Health, University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Rosa Sunol
- Avedis Donabedian Research Institute (FAD), Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Red de investigación en servicios de salud en enfermedades crónicas REDISSEC, Barcelona, Spain
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Tabrizi JS, Gharibi F, Wilson AJ. Advantages and Disadvantages of Health Care Accreditation Mod-els. Health Promot Perspect 2011; 1:1-31. [PMID: 24688896 PMCID: PMC3963612 DOI: 10.5681/hpp.2011.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2011] [Accepted: 07/10/2011] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND This systematic review seeks to define the general advantages and disadvan-tages of accreditation programs to assist in choosing the most appropriate approach. METHOD Systematic search of SID, Ovid Medline & PubMed databases was conducted by the keywords of accreditation, hospital, medical practice, clinic, accreditation models, health care and Persian meanings. From 2379 initial articles, 83 articles met the full inclusion criteria. From initial analysis, 23 attributes were identified which appeared to define advantages and disadvantages of different accreditation approaches and the available systems were compared on these. RESULTS Six systems were identified in the international literature including the JCAHO from USA, the Canadian program of CCHSA, and the accreditation programs of UK, Australia, New Zealand and France. The main distinguishing attributes among them were: quality improve-ment, patient and staff safety, improving health services integration, public's confi-dence, effectiveness and efficiency of health services, innovation, influence global standards, information management, breadth of activity, history, effective relationship with stakeholders, agreement with AGIL attributes and independence from government. CONCLUSION Based on 23 attributes of comprehensive accreditation systems we have defined from a systematic review, the JCAHO accreditation program of USA and then CCHSA of Can-ada offered the most comprehensive systems with the least disadvantages. Other programs such as the ACHS of Australia, ANAES of France, QHNZ of New Zealand and UK accredita-tion programs were fairly comparable according to these criteria. However the decision for any country or health system should be based on an assessment weighing up their specific objec-tives and needs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jafar S. Tabrizi
- Public Health and Management Department, Faculty of Health and Nutrition, b) National Public health Management Centre, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Farid Gharibi
- Dept. of Health Services Management, Faculty of Health and Nutrition, Tabriz University of Medical
Sciences, Tabriz- Iran
| | - Andrew J. Wilson
- Faculty of Health, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane-Australia
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Arah OA, Westert GP, Delnoij DM, Klazinga NS. Health system outcomes and determinants amenable to public health in industrialized countries: a pooled, cross-sectional time series analysis. BMC Public Health 2005; 5:81. [PMID: 16076396 PMCID: PMC1185550 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2458-5-81] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2005] [Accepted: 08/02/2005] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Few studies have tried to assess the combined cross-sectional and temporal contributions of a more comprehensive set of amenable factors to population health outcomes for wealthy countries during the last 30 years of the 20th century. We assessed the overall ecological associations between mortality and factors amenable to public health. These amenable factors included addictive and nutritional lifestyle, air quality, public health spending, healthcare coverage, and immunizations. METHODS We used a pooled cross-sectional, time series analysis with corrected fixed effects regression models in an ecological design involving eighteen member countries of the Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development during the period 1970 to 1999. RESULTS Alcohol, tobacco, and fat consumption, and sometimes, air pollution were significantly associated with higher all-cause mortality and premature death. Immunizations, health care coverage, fruit/vegetable and protein consumption, and collective health expenditure had negative effects on mortality and premature death, even after controlling for the elderly, density of practicing physicians, doctor visits and per capita GDP. However, tobacco, air pollution, and fruit/vegetable intake were sometimes sensitive to adjustments. CONCLUSION Mortality and premature deaths could be improved by focusing on factors that are amenable to public health policies. Tackling these issues should be reflected in the ongoing assessments of health system performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Onyebuchi A Arah
- Department of Social Medicine, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, PO Box 22700, 1100 DE Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Netherlands Institute for Health Sciences, Erasmus MC, PO Box 1738, 3000 DR Rotterdam, the Netherlands
- Center for Prevention and Health Services Research, National Institute of Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), PO Box 1, 3720 BA Bilthoven, the Netherlands
| | - Gert P Westert
- Center for Prevention and Health Services Research, National Institute of Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), PO Box 1, 3720 BA Bilthoven, the Netherlands
- Tranzo, Faculty of Social and Behavioural Sciences, Tilburg University, PO Box 90153, 5000 LE Tilburg, the Netherlands
| | - Diana M Delnoij
- Netherlands Institute for Health Services Research (Nivel), PO Box 1568, Utrecht 3500 BN, the Netherlands
| | - Niek S Klazinga
- Department of Social Medicine, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, PO Box 22700, 1100 DE Amsterdam, the Netherlands
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Lewis RQ, Fletcher M. Implementing a national strategy for patient safety: lessons from the National Health Service in England. Qual Saf Health Care 2005; 14:135-9. [PMID: 15805460 PMCID: PMC1743990 DOI: 10.1136/qshc.2004.011882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Improving patient safety has become a core issue for many modern healthcare systems. However, knowledge of the best ways for government initiated efforts to improve patient safety is still evolving, although there is considerable commonality in the challenges faced by countries. Actions to improve patient safety must operate at multiple levels of the healthcare system simultaneously. Using the example of the NHS in England, this article highlights the importance of a strategic analysis of the policy process and the prevailing policy context in the design of the national patient safety strategy. The paper identifies a range of policy "levers" (forces for change) that can be used to support the implementation of the national safety initiative and, in particular, discusses the strengths and limitations of the "business case" approach that has attracted recent interest. The paper offers insights into the implementation of national patient safety goals that should provide learning for other countries.
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