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Khirani S, Griffon L, Thébault C, Aubertin G, Dupont P, Mbieleu B, Galodé F, Canavesio C, Fleurence E, Labouret G, Cros P, Barzic A, Lubrano Lavadera M, Giovannini-Chami L, Gilardoni JM, Gourdan P, Moreau J, Matecki S, Zitvogel F, Durand M, Perisson C, Le Clainche L, Taytard J, Fauroux B. Lung volume recruitment and airway clearance for children at home in France. Respir Med 2024; 231:107726. [PMID: 38950683 DOI: 10.1016/j.rmed.2024.107726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2024] [Revised: 06/06/2024] [Accepted: 06/29/2024] [Indexed: 07/03/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Airway clearance (ACT) and lung volume recruitment (LVR) techniques are used to manage bronchial secretions, increase cough efficiency and lung/chest wall recruitment, to prevent and treat respiratory tract infections. The aim of the study was to review the prescription of ACT/LVR techniques for home use in children in France. METHODS All the centers of the national pediatric noninvasive ventilation (NIV) network were invited to fill in an anonymous questionnaire for every child aged ≤20 years who started a treatment with an ACT/LVR device between 2022 and 2023. The devices comprised mechanical in-exsufflation (MI-E), intermittent positive pressure breathing (IPPB), intrapulmonary percussive ventilation (IPV), and/or invasive mechanical ventilation (IMV)/NIV for ACT/LVR. RESULTS One hundred and thirty-nine patients were included by 13 centers. IPPB was started in 83 (60 %) patients, MI-E in 43 (31 %) and IPV in 30 (22 %). No patient used IMV/NIV for ACT/LVR. The devices were prescribed mainly by pediatric pulmonologists (103, 74 %). Mean age at initiation was 8.9 ± 5.6 (0.4-18.5) years old. The ACT/LVR devices were prescribed mainly in patients with neuromuscular disorders (n = 66, 47 %) and neurodisability (n = 37, 27 %). The main initiation criteria were cough assistance (81 %) and airway clearance (60 %) for MI-E, thoracic mobilization (63 %) and vital capacity (47 %) for IPPB, and airway clearance (73 %) and repeated respiratory exacerbations (57 %) for IPV. The parents were the main carers performing the treatment at home. CONCLUSIONS IPPB was the most prescribed technique. Diseases and initiation criteria are heterogeneous, underlining the need for studies validating the indications and settings of these techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonia Khirani
- ASV Santé, F-92000, Gennevilliers, France; Pediatric noninvasive ventilation and sleep unit, AP-HP, Hôpital Necker-Enfants malades, F-75015, Paris, France; Université de Paris Cité, EA 7330 VIFASOM, F-75004, Paris, France.
| | - Lucie Griffon
- Pediatric noninvasive ventilation and sleep unit, AP-HP, Hôpital Necker-Enfants malades, F-75015, Paris, France; Université de Paris Cité, EA 7330 VIFASOM, F-75004, Paris, France
| | - Charlotte Thébault
- Pediatric pulmonology department, AP-HP, Hôpital Armand Trousseau, F-75012, Paris, France
| | - Guillaume Aubertin
- Pediatric pulmonology department, AP-HP, Hôpital Armand Trousseau, F-75012, Paris, France; Sorbonne Université, INSERM UMR-S 938, Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine (CRSA), F-75014, Paris, France; Centre de pneumologie de l'enfant, Ramsay Générale de Santé, 92100, Boulogne-Billancourt, France
| | - Pierre Dupont
- Pediatric intensive care unit, AP-HP, Hôpital Raymond Poincaré, F-92380, Garches, France
| | - Blaise Mbieleu
- Pediatric intensive care unit, AP-HP, Hôpital Raymond Poincaré, F-92380, Garches, France
| | - François Galodé
- Pediatric pulmonology unit, Hôpital Pellegrin-Enfants, CIC-P Bordeaux 1401, CHU de Bordeaux, 33076, Bordeaux, France
| | - Coline Canavesio
- SMR pédiatrique ESEAN APF France handicap (Paediatric Rehabilitation Services), F-44200, Nantes, France
| | - Emmanuelle Fleurence
- SMR pédiatrique ESEAN APF France handicap (Paediatric Rehabilitation Services), F-44200, Nantes, France
| | - Géraldine Labouret
- Pediatric pulmonology and allergology unit, Hôpital des Enfants, 31000, Toulouse, France
| | - Pierrick Cros
- Pediatric department, CHU Brest, 29200, Brest, France
| | - Audrey Barzic
- Pediatric department, CHU Brest, 29200, Brest, France
| | - Marc Lubrano Lavadera
- Respiratory Diseases, Allergy and CF Unit, Pediatric Department, University Hospital Charles Nicolle, 76000, Rouen, France
| | - Lisa Giovannini-Chami
- Pediatric Pulmonology and Allergology Department, Hôpitaux pédiatriques de Nice CHU-Lenval, Nice, France
| | - Jean-Marc Gilardoni
- Pediatric Pulmonology and Allergology Department, Hôpitaux pédiatriques de Nice CHU-Lenval, Nice, France
| | - Pierre Gourdan
- Pediatric Pulmonology and Allergology Department, Hôpitaux pédiatriques de Nice CHU-Lenval, Nice, France
| | - Johan Moreau
- Pediatric Cardiology and Pulmonology Department, Montpellier University Hospital, 34000, Montpellier, France; Physiology and Experimental Biology of Heart and Muscles Laboratory-PHYMEDEXP, UMR CNRS 9214, INSERM U1046, University of Montpellier, 34000, Montpellier, France
| | - Stefan Matecki
- Pediatric Cardiology and Pulmonology Department, Montpellier University Hospital, 34000, Montpellier, France; Functional Exploration Laboratory, Physiology Department, University Hospital, 34000, Montpellier, France
| | - Françoise Zitvogel
- Pediatric intensive care unit, CHU Strasbourg, 67000, Strasbourg, France
| | - Marine Durand
- Service des maladies neurologiques rares, CHU SUD Réunion, F-97448, Saint Pierre, La Réunion, France
| | - Caroline Perisson
- Service des maladies neurologiques rares, CHU SUD Réunion, F-97448, Saint Pierre, La Réunion, France
| | - Laurence Le Clainche
- Pediatric noninvasive ventilation department, AP-HP, Hôpital Robert Debré, F-75018, Paris, France
| | - Jessica Taytard
- Pediatric pulmonology department, AP-HP, Hôpital Armand Trousseau, F-75012, Paris, France; Sorbonne Université, INSERM UMR-S 1158, Paris, France
| | - Brigitte Fauroux
- Pediatric noninvasive ventilation and sleep unit, AP-HP, Hôpital Necker-Enfants malades, F-75015, Paris, France; Université de Paris Cité, EA 7330 VIFASOM, F-75004, Paris, France
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Taylor JB, Ingram DG, Kupfer O, Amin R. Neuromuscular Disorders in Pediatric Respiratory Disease. Clin Chest Med 2024; 45:729-747. [PMID: 39069334 DOI: 10.1016/j.ccm.2024.02.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/30/2024]
Abstract
Respiratory sequelae are a frequent cause of morbidity and mortality in children with NMD. Impaired cough strength and resulting airway clearance as well as sleep disordered breathing are the two main categories of respiratory sequelae. Routine clinical evaluation and diagnostic testing by pulmonologists is an important pillar of the multidisciplinary care required for children with NMD. Regular surveillance for respiratory disease and timely implementation of treatment including pulmonary clearance techniques as well as ventilation can prevent respiratory related morbidity including hospital admissions and improve survival. Additionally, novel disease modifying therapies for some NMDs are now available which has significantly improved the clinical trajectories of patients resulting in a paradigm shift in clinical care. Pulmonologists are 'learning' the new natural history for these diseases and adjusting clinical management accordingly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jane B Taylor
- Division of Pulmonology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
| | - David G Ingram
- Division of Pulmonary and Sleep Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of Missouri-Kansas City, Kansas City, MO, USA
| | - Oren Kupfer
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Pediatric Pulmonary and Sleep Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Reshma Amin
- Division of Respiratory Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada; Division of Respiratory Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
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Bayav S, Çobanoğlu N. Indications and practice of home invasive mechanical ventilation in children. Pediatr Pulmonol 2024; 59:2210-2215. [PMID: 38251866 DOI: 10.1002/ppul.26873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Revised: 12/26/2023] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 01/23/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Developments and technological advances in neonatal and pediatric intensive care units have led to a prolonged life expectancy of pediatric patients with chronic respiratory failure. Therefore, the number of hemodynamically stable pediatric patients with chronic respiratory failure who need mechanical ventilator assistance throughout the day has significantly increased. AIMS Numerous conditions, including parenchymal lung diseases, airway disorders, neuromotor disorders, or respiratory defects, can lead to chronic respiratory failure. For individuals who cannot tolerate non-invasive mechanical ventilation (NIMV), invasive mechanical ventilation (IMV) is the only suitable choice. Due to increasing need, mechanical ventilator technology is continuously evolving. RESULTS As a result of this process, home-type mechanical ventilators have been produced for patients requiring long-term IMV. Patients with chronic respiratory failure can be safely monitored at home with these ventilators. DISCUSSION Home follow-up of these patients has many benefits such as an increase in general quality of life and a positive contribution to their emotional and cognitive development. CONCLUSION In this compilation, indications for home-based IMV, features of home invasive mechanical ventilators (HMVs), patient monitoring, and the detailed advantages of using IMV at home will be elucidated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Secahattin Bayav
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Pulmonology, Faculty of Medicine, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Nazan Çobanoğlu
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Pulmonology, Faculty of Medicine, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey
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Urquhart DS, McLellan AE, Hill LE, Carruthers E, Hill EA, Chin RF, Shetty J. A case-control study to investigate the prevalence of obstructive sleep apnea and the utility of the Sleep-Related Breathing Disorder scale of the Pediatric Sleep Questionnaire in children and young people with epilepsy. J Clin Sleep Med 2024; 20:1039-1047. [PMID: 38318844 PMCID: PMC11217635 DOI: 10.5664/jcsm.11054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2023] [Revised: 01/22/2024] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 02/07/2024]
Abstract
STUDY OBJECTIVES Epilepsy and obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) are each relatively common in children. OSAS may affect cognition, such that recognition of OSAS is important for children and young people with epilepsy (CYPWE). Published pilot data reported 55% of CYPWE had symptoms suggestive of OSAS, compared with 7% of typically developing controls. The primary aim of this study was to ascertain OSAS prevalence by polysomnography in CYPWE, with secondary aims being to evaluate the utility of sleep questionnaires in CYPWE. METHODS CYPWE and age- and sex-matched typically developing controls were studied. A single night of level I attended polysomnography was undertaken, along with questionnaires (Sleep-Related Breathing Disorder scale of the Pediatric Sleep Questionnaire, Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, and the childhood and adolescent Epworth Sleepiness Scale). OSAS was defined as obstructive apnea-hypopnea index of ≥ 1 event/h. RESULTS Polysomnography was performed in 72 children including 48 CYPWE (60% male) and 24 controls (54% male). Mean age (11 years) was similar for CYPWE and controls (P = .42), with slightly higher body mass index z scores (0.7 vs 0.1, P = .03) noted in CYPWE. Mean obstructive apnea-hypopnea index was 0.61 in CYPWE vs 0.42 in controls (P = .62). Despite higher Sleep-Related Breathing Disorder scale of the Pediatric Sleep Questionnaire scores in CYPWE (0.38 vs 0.12, P < .001), no difference in OSAS prevalence (10% vs 4%, P = .78) was found. CYPWE had higher childhood and adolescent Epworth Sleepiness Scale (6 vs 3.5, P = .01) and Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (5 vs 3.3, P = .02) scores, indicating greater levels of daytime sleepiness and poorer sleep quality. CONCLUSIONS The study found no evidence for increased OSAS prevalence in CYPWE, and the utility of the Sleep-Related Breathing Disorder scale of the Pediatric Sleep Questionnaire in predicting OSAS appears limited for CYPWE. CYPWE are, however, demonstrably sleepier and have poorer sleep quality. The cause for these findings remains unclear. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION Registry: ClinicalTrials.gov; Name: Investigation of Sleep Quality and Prevalence of Sleep-disordered Breathing in Children and Young People With Epilepsy; URL: https://www.clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT03103841; Identifier: NCT03103841. CITATION Urquhart DS, McLellan AE, Hill LE, et al. A case-control study to investigate the prevalence of obstructive sleep apnea and the utility of the Sleep-Related Breathing Disorder scale of the Pediatric Sleep Questionnaire in children and young people with epilepsy. J Clin Sleep Med. 2024;20(7):1039-1047.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donald S. Urquhart
- Department of Paediatric Respiratory & Sleep Medicine, Royal Hospital for Children and Young People, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
- Department of Child Life and Health, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Ailsa E. McLellan
- Department of Paediatric Neurosciences, Royal Hospital for Children and Young People, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
- Muir Maxwell Epilepsy Center, Center for Clinical Brain Sciences, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Laura E. Hill
- Department of Paediatric Respiratory & Sleep Medicine, Royal Hospital for Children and Young People, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Emma Carruthers
- Department of Paediatric Respiratory & Sleep Medicine, Royal Hospital for Children and Young People, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Elizabeth A. Hill
- Department of Paediatric Respiratory & Sleep Medicine, Royal Hospital for Children and Young People, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
- Sir Jules Thorn Sleep & Circadian Neuroscience Institute (SCNi), Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Richard F. Chin
- Department of Child Life and Health, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
- Department of Paediatric Neurosciences, Royal Hospital for Children and Young People, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
- Muir Maxwell Epilepsy Center, Center for Clinical Brain Sciences, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Jay Shetty
- Department of Child Life and Health, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
- Department of Paediatric Neurosciences, Royal Hospital for Children and Young People, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
- Muir Maxwell Epilepsy Center, Center for Clinical Brain Sciences, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
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Trucco F, Davies M, Zambon AA, Ridout D, Abel F, Muntoni F. Definition of diaphragmatic sleep disordered breathing and clinical meaning in Duchenne muscular dystrophy. Thorax 2024; 79:652-661. [PMID: 38729626 DOI: 10.1136/thorax-2023-220729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diaphragmatic sleep disordered breathing (dSDB) has been recently identified as sleep dysfunction secondary to diaphragmatic weakness in Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD). However, scoring criteria for the identification of dSDB are missing.This study aimed to define and validate dSDB scoring criteria and to evaluate whether dSDB severity correlates with respiratory progression in DMD. METHODS Scoring criteria for diaphragmatic apnoea (dA) and hypopnoeas (dH) have been defined by the authors considering the pattern observed on cardiorespiratory polygraphy (CR) and the dSDB pathophysiology.10 sleep professionals (physiologists, consultants) blinded to each other were involved in a two-round Delphi survey to rate each item of the proposed dSDB criteria (Likert scale 1-5) and to recognise dSDB among other SDB. The scorers' accuracy was tested against the authors' panel.Finally, CR previously conducted in DMD in clinical setting were rescored and diaphragmatic Apnoea-Hypopnoea Index (dAHI) was derived. Pulmonary function (forced vital capacity per cent of predicted, FVC%pred), overnight oxygen saturation (SpO2) and transcutaneous carbon dioxide (tcCO2) were correlated with dAHI. RESULTS After the second round of Delphi, raters deemed each item of dA and dH criteria as relevant as 4 or 5. The agreement with the panel in recognising dSDB was 81%, kappa 0.71, sensitivity 77% and specificity 85%.32 CRs from DMD patients were reviewed. dSDB was previously scored as obstructive. The dAHI negatively correlated with FVC%pred (r=-0.4; p<0.05). The total number of dA correlated with mean overnight tcCO2 (r 0.4; p<0.05). CONCLUSIONS dSDB is a newly defined sleep disorder that correlates with DMD progression. A prospective study to evaluate dSDB as a respiratory measure for DMD in clinical and research settings is planned.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federica Trucco
- Dubowitz Neuromuscular Centre, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health and Great Ormond Street Hospital, London, UK
- Paediatric Respiratory Department, Royal Brompton Hospital, Guy's and St Thomas' Trust, London, UK
- Paediatric Neurology and Muscular Diseases Unit, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini and Department of Neurosciences, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health, University of Genoa, Genova, Italy
| | - Matthew Davies
- Department of Paediatric Respiratory Medicine, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, London, UK
| | - Alberto Andrea Zambon
- Dubowitz Neuromuscular Centre, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health and Great Ormond Street Hospital, London, UK
- Neuromuscular Repair Unit, Institute of Experimental Neurology (InSpe), Division of Neuroscience, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
| | - Deborah Ridout
- Population Policy and Practice Research and Teaching Department, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, UK
| | - Francois Abel
- Department of Paediatric Respiratory Medicine, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, London, UK
| | - Francesco Muntoni
- Dubowitz Neuromuscular Centre, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health and Great Ormond Street Hospital, London, UK
- NIHR Great Ormond Street Hospital Biomedical Research Centre, London, UK
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Abati E, Mauri E, Rimoldi M, Madini B, Patria F, Comi GP, Corti S. Sleep and sleep-related breathing disorders in patients with spinal muscular atrophy: a changing perspective from novel treatments? Front Neurol 2024; 15:1299205. [PMID: 38895692 PMCID: PMC11184139 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2024.1299205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2023] [Accepted: 05/07/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Spinal Muscular Atrophy (SMA) is an inherited neuromuscular disorder characterized by progressive muscle weakness and atrophy, resulting from the degeneration of motor neurons in the spinal cord. A critical aspect of SMA is its impact on respiratory function. As the disease progresses, respiratory muscles, in particular intercostal muscles, become increasingly affected, leading to breathing difficulties and respiratory failure. Without intervention, many children with SMA type 1 die from respiratory failure before their second year of life. While assisted ventilation has improved survival, it often results in ventilator dependence. The development of new SMN-augmenting therapies has renewed optimism, but their long-term impact on respiratory function is uncertain, and non-invasive respiratory support remains an important part of SMA management. Despite the importance of respiratory support in SMA, knowledge regarding sleep disorders in this population is limited. This review aims to synthesize existing literature on sleep and sleep-related breathing disorders in patients with SMA, with a focus on SMA type 1. We summarize evidence of sleep-disordered breathing and respiratory failure in SMA, as well as outcomes and survival benefits associated with non-invasive or invasive ventilation with or without pharmacological therapies. We also discuss current knowledge regarding the effects of novel disease-modifying therapies for SMA on respiratory function and sleep. In conclusion, optimal care for children with SMA requires a multidisciplinary approach that includes neurology and respiratory specialists. This review highlights the importance of monitoring sleep and respiratory function in SMA, as well as the potential benefits and challenges associated with assisted ventilation combined with new therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Abati
- Neurology Unit, Department of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Foundation IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Dino Ferrari Centre, Milan, Italy
- Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation (DEPT), University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Eleonora Mauri
- Neurophysiopathology Unit, Department of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Foundation IRCCS Cà Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Martina Rimoldi
- Neurology Unit, Department of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Foundation IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Dino Ferrari Centre, Milan, Italy
- Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation (DEPT), University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Barbara Madini
- Pediatric Pneumonology, Foundation IRCCS Cà Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Francesca Patria
- Pediatric Pneumonology, Foundation IRCCS Cà Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Giacomo Pietro Comi
- Neurology Unit, Department of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Foundation IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Dino Ferrari Centre, Milan, Italy
- Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation (DEPT), University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Stefania Corti
- Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation (DEPT), University of Milan, Milan, Italy
- Neuromuscular Disease Unit, Department of Neurosciences and Mental Health, Foundation IRCCS Cà Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
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7
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Trucco F, Ridout D, Weststrate H, Scoto M, Rohwer A, Coratti G, Main ML, Mayhew AG, Montes J, De Sanctis R, Pane M, Pera MC, Sansone VA, Albamonte E, D'Amico A, Bruno C, Messina SS, Childs AM, Willis T, Ong MT, Servais L, Majumdar A, Hughes I, Marini-Bettolo C, Parasuraman D, Gowda VL, Baranello G, Bertini ES, De Vivo DC, Darras BT, Day JW, Mayer O, Zolkipli-Cunningham Z, Finkel RS, Mercuri E, Muntoni F. Therapeutic Role of Nusinersen on Respiratory Progression in Pediatric Patients With Spinal Muscular Atrophy Type 2 and Nonambulant Type 3. Neurol Clin Pract 2024; 14:e200298. [PMID: 38932995 PMCID: PMC11196214 DOI: 10.1212/cpj.0000000000200298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2023] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
Background and Objectives Nusinersen has shown significant functional motor benefit in the milder types of spinal muscular atrophy (SMA). Less is known on the respiratory outcomes in patients with nusinersen-treated SMA. The aim of this study was to describe changes in respiratory function in pediatric patients with SMA type 2 and 3 on regular treatment with nusinersen within the iSMAc international cohort and to compare their trajectory with the natural history (NH) data published by the consortium in 2020. Methods This is a 5-year retrospective observational study of pediatric SMA type 2 and nonambulant type 3 (age ≤18 years) treated with nusinersen. The primary objective was to compare the slopes of decline in forced vital capacity % predicted (FVC% pred.), FVC, and age when FVC dropped below 60% between the treated patients and a control group from the natural history cohort. Data on peak cough flow and the use of noninvasive ventilation (NIV) and cough assist were collected. Results Data were available for 69 treated patients, 53 were SMA type 2 and 16 type 3. The mean (SD) age at first injection was 8.5 (3.2) and 9.7 (3.7) years, respectively. The median (interquartile range) treatment duration was 1 (0.7; 1.9) and 1.2 (0.9; 1.9) years, respectively. At the time of the first nusinersen injection, 24 of 52 (46%) patients with SMA type 2 and 2 of 16 (13%) patients with SMA type 3 were on NIV. Forty-three of 53 (81%) and 4 of 16 (25%) patients used cough device. FVC% pred. in treated patients with SMA type 2 declined annually by 2.3% vs 3.9% in NH (p = 0.08) and in treated patients with type 3 by 2.6% vs 3.4% NH (p = 0.59). Patients treated reached FVC <60% later than untreated (12.1 vs 10 years, p = 0.05). A higher percentage of treated vs untreated patients maintained FVC% pred. equal/above their baseline after 12 (65% vs 36%) and 24 (50% vs 24%) months, respectively. NIV use among treated did not significantly change throughout 1-year follow-up. Discussion This study included the largest real-world cohort of pediatric patients with milder SMA types. The results suggest a positive role of nusinersen in delaying the respiratory decline in patients treated longer than 1 year when compared with natural history. Larger cohorts and longer observation are planned. Classification of Evidence This study provided Class III evidence that nusinersen slows progression for patients with SMA types 2 and 3 compared with a natural history cohort.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federica Trucco
- Dubowitz Neuromuscular Centre (FT, HW, MS, AR, MLM, GB, FM), UCL Institute of Child Health & Great Ormond Street Hospital, London; Department Paediatric Neuroscience Evelina London Children's Hospital and Department Paediatric Respiratory Medicine (FT), Royal Brompton Hospital, Guy's and St Thomas NHS Trust London, United Kingdom; Pediatric Neurology and Muscular Diseases Unit (FT), IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genova and Department of Neurosciences, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health (DiNOGMI), University of Genoa, Italy; Population (DR), Policy and Practice Programme, UCL GOS Institute of Child Health, London; Paediatric Neurology (GC, RDS, MP, MCP, EM), Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore; Centro Clinico Nemo (GC, RDS, MP, MCP, EM), Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy; Newcastle University and Newcastle Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust (AGM, CM-B), Newcastle Upon Tyne, United Kingdom; Department of Rehabilitation and Regenerative Medicine (JM), Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York; Neurorehabilitation Unit (VAS, EA), University of Milan, Neuromuscular Omnicentre Clinical Center, Niguarda Hospital; Unit of Neuromuscular and Neurodegenerative Disorders (ADA, ESB), Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital IRCCS, Rome; Center of Experimental and Translational Myology (CB), IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genoa and Department of Neurosciences, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health (DiNOGMI), University of Genoa; Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine and Centro Clinico Nemo Sud (SSM), University of Messina, Italy; Leeds Children Hospital (A-MC); The Robert Jones and Agnes Hunt Orthopaedic Hospital (TW), Oswestry; Sheffield Children's Hospital (MTO, LS); MDUK Oxford Neuromuscular Centre & NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre (LS), University of Oxford, United Kingdom; Neuromuscular Reference Center, Department of Paediatrics, University and University Hospital of Liege, Belgium; Royal Hospital for Children (AM), Bristol; Royal Manchester Children's Hospital (IH); University Hospitals Birmingham (DP), United Kingdom; Evelina London Children's Hospital (VLG), London, UK; Departments of Neurology and Pediatrics (DCDV), Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York; Department of Neurology (BTD), Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Department of Neurology (JWD), Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA; Department of Paediatrics The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia (OM, ZZ-C), Philadelphia, PA; Nemours Children's Hospital (RSF), University of Central Florida College of Medicine, Orlando; St. Jude Children's Research Hospital (RSF), Memphis, TN; and NIHR Great Ormond Street Hospital Biomedical Research Centre (FM), London, United Kingdom
| | - Deborah Ridout
- Dubowitz Neuromuscular Centre (FT, HW, MS, AR, MLM, GB, FM), UCL Institute of Child Health & Great Ormond Street Hospital, London; Department Paediatric Neuroscience Evelina London Children's Hospital and Department Paediatric Respiratory Medicine (FT), Royal Brompton Hospital, Guy's and St Thomas NHS Trust London, United Kingdom; Pediatric Neurology and Muscular Diseases Unit (FT), IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genova and Department of Neurosciences, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health (DiNOGMI), University of Genoa, Italy; Population (DR), Policy and Practice Programme, UCL GOS Institute of Child Health, London; Paediatric Neurology (GC, RDS, MP, MCP, EM), Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore; Centro Clinico Nemo (GC, RDS, MP, MCP, EM), Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy; Newcastle University and Newcastle Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust (AGM, CM-B), Newcastle Upon Tyne, United Kingdom; Department of Rehabilitation and Regenerative Medicine (JM), Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York; Neurorehabilitation Unit (VAS, EA), University of Milan, Neuromuscular Omnicentre Clinical Center, Niguarda Hospital; Unit of Neuromuscular and Neurodegenerative Disorders (ADA, ESB), Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital IRCCS, Rome; Center of Experimental and Translational Myology (CB), IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genoa and Department of Neurosciences, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health (DiNOGMI), University of Genoa; Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine and Centro Clinico Nemo Sud (SSM), University of Messina, Italy; Leeds Children Hospital (A-MC); The Robert Jones and Agnes Hunt Orthopaedic Hospital (TW), Oswestry; Sheffield Children's Hospital (MTO, LS); MDUK Oxford Neuromuscular Centre & NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre (LS), University of Oxford, United Kingdom; Neuromuscular Reference Center, Department of Paediatrics, University and University Hospital of Liege, Belgium; Royal Hospital for Children (AM), Bristol; Royal Manchester Children's Hospital (IH); University Hospitals Birmingham (DP), United Kingdom; Evelina London Children's Hospital (VLG), London, UK; Departments of Neurology and Pediatrics (DCDV), Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York; Department of Neurology (BTD), Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Department of Neurology (JWD), Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA; Department of Paediatrics The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia (OM, ZZ-C), Philadelphia, PA; Nemours Children's Hospital (RSF), University of Central Florida College of Medicine, Orlando; St. Jude Children's Research Hospital (RSF), Memphis, TN; and NIHR Great Ormond Street Hospital Biomedical Research Centre (FM), London, United Kingdom
| | - Harriet Weststrate
- Dubowitz Neuromuscular Centre (FT, HW, MS, AR, MLM, GB, FM), UCL Institute of Child Health & Great Ormond Street Hospital, London; Department Paediatric Neuroscience Evelina London Children's Hospital and Department Paediatric Respiratory Medicine (FT), Royal Brompton Hospital, Guy's and St Thomas NHS Trust London, United Kingdom; Pediatric Neurology and Muscular Diseases Unit (FT), IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genova and Department of Neurosciences, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health (DiNOGMI), University of Genoa, Italy; Population (DR), Policy and Practice Programme, UCL GOS Institute of Child Health, London; Paediatric Neurology (GC, RDS, MP, MCP, EM), Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore; Centro Clinico Nemo (GC, RDS, MP, MCP, EM), Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy; Newcastle University and Newcastle Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust (AGM, CM-B), Newcastle Upon Tyne, United Kingdom; Department of Rehabilitation and Regenerative Medicine (JM), Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York; Neurorehabilitation Unit (VAS, EA), University of Milan, Neuromuscular Omnicentre Clinical Center, Niguarda Hospital; Unit of Neuromuscular and Neurodegenerative Disorders (ADA, ESB), Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital IRCCS, Rome; Center of Experimental and Translational Myology (CB), IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genoa and Department of Neurosciences, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health (DiNOGMI), University of Genoa; Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine and Centro Clinico Nemo Sud (SSM), University of Messina, Italy; Leeds Children Hospital (A-MC); The Robert Jones and Agnes Hunt Orthopaedic Hospital (TW), Oswestry; Sheffield Children's Hospital (MTO, LS); MDUK Oxford Neuromuscular Centre & NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre (LS), University of Oxford, United Kingdom; Neuromuscular Reference Center, Department of Paediatrics, University and University Hospital of Liege, Belgium; Royal Hospital for Children (AM), Bristol; Royal Manchester Children's Hospital (IH); University Hospitals Birmingham (DP), United Kingdom; Evelina London Children's Hospital (VLG), London, UK; Departments of Neurology and Pediatrics (DCDV), Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York; Department of Neurology (BTD), Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Department of Neurology (JWD), Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA; Department of Paediatrics The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia (OM, ZZ-C), Philadelphia, PA; Nemours Children's Hospital (RSF), University of Central Florida College of Medicine, Orlando; St. Jude Children's Research Hospital (RSF), Memphis, TN; and NIHR Great Ormond Street Hospital Biomedical Research Centre (FM), London, United Kingdom
| | - Mariacristina Scoto
- Dubowitz Neuromuscular Centre (FT, HW, MS, AR, MLM, GB, FM), UCL Institute of Child Health & Great Ormond Street Hospital, London; Department Paediatric Neuroscience Evelina London Children's Hospital and Department Paediatric Respiratory Medicine (FT), Royal Brompton Hospital, Guy's and St Thomas NHS Trust London, United Kingdom; Pediatric Neurology and Muscular Diseases Unit (FT), IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genova and Department of Neurosciences, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health (DiNOGMI), University of Genoa, Italy; Population (DR), Policy and Practice Programme, UCL GOS Institute of Child Health, London; Paediatric Neurology (GC, RDS, MP, MCP, EM), Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore; Centro Clinico Nemo (GC, RDS, MP, MCP, EM), Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy; Newcastle University and Newcastle Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust (AGM, CM-B), Newcastle Upon Tyne, United Kingdom; Department of Rehabilitation and Regenerative Medicine (JM), Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York; Neurorehabilitation Unit (VAS, EA), University of Milan, Neuromuscular Omnicentre Clinical Center, Niguarda Hospital; Unit of Neuromuscular and Neurodegenerative Disorders (ADA, ESB), Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital IRCCS, Rome; Center of Experimental and Translational Myology (CB), IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genoa and Department of Neurosciences, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health (DiNOGMI), University of Genoa; Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine and Centro Clinico Nemo Sud (SSM), University of Messina, Italy; Leeds Children Hospital (A-MC); The Robert Jones and Agnes Hunt Orthopaedic Hospital (TW), Oswestry; Sheffield Children's Hospital (MTO, LS); MDUK Oxford Neuromuscular Centre & NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre (LS), University of Oxford, United Kingdom; Neuromuscular Reference Center, Department of Paediatrics, University and University Hospital of Liege, Belgium; Royal Hospital for Children (AM), Bristol; Royal Manchester Children's Hospital (IH); University Hospitals Birmingham (DP), United Kingdom; Evelina London Children's Hospital (VLG), London, UK; Departments of Neurology and Pediatrics (DCDV), Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York; Department of Neurology (BTD), Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Department of Neurology (JWD), Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA; Department of Paediatrics The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia (OM, ZZ-C), Philadelphia, PA; Nemours Children's Hospital (RSF), University of Central Florida College of Medicine, Orlando; St. Jude Children's Research Hospital (RSF), Memphis, TN; and NIHR Great Ormond Street Hospital Biomedical Research Centre (FM), London, United Kingdom
| | - Annemarie Rohwer
- Dubowitz Neuromuscular Centre (FT, HW, MS, AR, MLM, GB, FM), UCL Institute of Child Health & Great Ormond Street Hospital, London; Department Paediatric Neuroscience Evelina London Children's Hospital and Department Paediatric Respiratory Medicine (FT), Royal Brompton Hospital, Guy's and St Thomas NHS Trust London, United Kingdom; Pediatric Neurology and Muscular Diseases Unit (FT), IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genova and Department of Neurosciences, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health (DiNOGMI), University of Genoa, Italy; Population (DR), Policy and Practice Programme, UCL GOS Institute of Child Health, London; Paediatric Neurology (GC, RDS, MP, MCP, EM), Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore; Centro Clinico Nemo (GC, RDS, MP, MCP, EM), Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy; Newcastle University and Newcastle Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust (AGM, CM-B), Newcastle Upon Tyne, United Kingdom; Department of Rehabilitation and Regenerative Medicine (JM), Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York; Neurorehabilitation Unit (VAS, EA), University of Milan, Neuromuscular Omnicentre Clinical Center, Niguarda Hospital; Unit of Neuromuscular and Neurodegenerative Disorders (ADA, ESB), Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital IRCCS, Rome; Center of Experimental and Translational Myology (CB), IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genoa and Department of Neurosciences, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health (DiNOGMI), University of Genoa; Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine and Centro Clinico Nemo Sud (SSM), University of Messina, Italy; Leeds Children Hospital (A-MC); The Robert Jones and Agnes Hunt Orthopaedic Hospital (TW), Oswestry; Sheffield Children's Hospital (MTO, LS); MDUK Oxford Neuromuscular Centre & NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre (LS), University of Oxford, United Kingdom; Neuromuscular Reference Center, Department of Paediatrics, University and University Hospital of Liege, Belgium; Royal Hospital for Children (AM), Bristol; Royal Manchester Children's Hospital (IH); University Hospitals Birmingham (DP), United Kingdom; Evelina London Children's Hospital (VLG), London, UK; Departments of Neurology and Pediatrics (DCDV), Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York; Department of Neurology (BTD), Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Department of Neurology (JWD), Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA; Department of Paediatrics The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia (OM, ZZ-C), Philadelphia, PA; Nemours Children's Hospital (RSF), University of Central Florida College of Medicine, Orlando; St. Jude Children's Research Hospital (RSF), Memphis, TN; and NIHR Great Ormond Street Hospital Biomedical Research Centre (FM), London, United Kingdom
| | - Giorgia Coratti
- Dubowitz Neuromuscular Centre (FT, HW, MS, AR, MLM, GB, FM), UCL Institute of Child Health & Great Ormond Street Hospital, London; Department Paediatric Neuroscience Evelina London Children's Hospital and Department Paediatric Respiratory Medicine (FT), Royal Brompton Hospital, Guy's and St Thomas NHS Trust London, United Kingdom; Pediatric Neurology and Muscular Diseases Unit (FT), IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genova and Department of Neurosciences, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health (DiNOGMI), University of Genoa, Italy; Population (DR), Policy and Practice Programme, UCL GOS Institute of Child Health, London; Paediatric Neurology (GC, RDS, MP, MCP, EM), Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore; Centro Clinico Nemo (GC, RDS, MP, MCP, EM), Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy; Newcastle University and Newcastle Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust (AGM, CM-B), Newcastle Upon Tyne, United Kingdom; Department of Rehabilitation and Regenerative Medicine (JM), Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York; Neurorehabilitation Unit (VAS, EA), University of Milan, Neuromuscular Omnicentre Clinical Center, Niguarda Hospital; Unit of Neuromuscular and Neurodegenerative Disorders (ADA, ESB), Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital IRCCS, Rome; Center of Experimental and Translational Myology (CB), IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genoa and Department of Neurosciences, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health (DiNOGMI), University of Genoa; Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine and Centro Clinico Nemo Sud (SSM), University of Messina, Italy; Leeds Children Hospital (A-MC); The Robert Jones and Agnes Hunt Orthopaedic Hospital (TW), Oswestry; Sheffield Children's Hospital (MTO, LS); MDUK Oxford Neuromuscular Centre & NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre (LS), University of Oxford, United Kingdom; Neuromuscular Reference Center, Department of Paediatrics, University and University Hospital of Liege, Belgium; Royal Hospital for Children (AM), Bristol; Royal Manchester Children's Hospital (IH); University Hospitals Birmingham (DP), United Kingdom; Evelina London Children's Hospital (VLG), London, UK; Departments of Neurology and Pediatrics (DCDV), Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York; Department of Neurology (BTD), Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Department of Neurology (JWD), Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA; Department of Paediatrics The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia (OM, ZZ-C), Philadelphia, PA; Nemours Children's Hospital (RSF), University of Central Florida College of Medicine, Orlando; St. Jude Children's Research Hospital (RSF), Memphis, TN; and NIHR Great Ormond Street Hospital Biomedical Research Centre (FM), London, United Kingdom
| | - Marion L Main
- Dubowitz Neuromuscular Centre (FT, HW, MS, AR, MLM, GB, FM), UCL Institute of Child Health & Great Ormond Street Hospital, London; Department Paediatric Neuroscience Evelina London Children's Hospital and Department Paediatric Respiratory Medicine (FT), Royal Brompton Hospital, Guy's and St Thomas NHS Trust London, United Kingdom; Pediatric Neurology and Muscular Diseases Unit (FT), IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genova and Department of Neurosciences, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health (DiNOGMI), University of Genoa, Italy; Population (DR), Policy and Practice Programme, UCL GOS Institute of Child Health, London; Paediatric Neurology (GC, RDS, MP, MCP, EM), Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore; Centro Clinico Nemo (GC, RDS, MP, MCP, EM), Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy; Newcastle University and Newcastle Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust (AGM, CM-B), Newcastle Upon Tyne, United Kingdom; Department of Rehabilitation and Regenerative Medicine (JM), Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York; Neurorehabilitation Unit (VAS, EA), University of Milan, Neuromuscular Omnicentre Clinical Center, Niguarda Hospital; Unit of Neuromuscular and Neurodegenerative Disorders (ADA, ESB), Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital IRCCS, Rome; Center of Experimental and Translational Myology (CB), IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genoa and Department of Neurosciences, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health (DiNOGMI), University of Genoa; Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine and Centro Clinico Nemo Sud (SSM), University of Messina, Italy; Leeds Children Hospital (A-MC); The Robert Jones and Agnes Hunt Orthopaedic Hospital (TW), Oswestry; Sheffield Children's Hospital (MTO, LS); MDUK Oxford Neuromuscular Centre & NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre (LS), University of Oxford, United Kingdom; Neuromuscular Reference Center, Department of Paediatrics, University and University Hospital of Liege, Belgium; Royal Hospital for Children (AM), Bristol; Royal Manchester Children's Hospital (IH); University Hospitals Birmingham (DP), United Kingdom; Evelina London Children's Hospital (VLG), London, UK; Departments of Neurology and Pediatrics (DCDV), Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York; Department of Neurology (BTD), Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Department of Neurology (JWD), Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA; Department of Paediatrics The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia (OM, ZZ-C), Philadelphia, PA; Nemours Children's Hospital (RSF), University of Central Florida College of Medicine, Orlando; St. Jude Children's Research Hospital (RSF), Memphis, TN; and NIHR Great Ormond Street Hospital Biomedical Research Centre (FM), London, United Kingdom
| | - Anna G Mayhew
- Dubowitz Neuromuscular Centre (FT, HW, MS, AR, MLM, GB, FM), UCL Institute of Child Health & Great Ormond Street Hospital, London; Department Paediatric Neuroscience Evelina London Children's Hospital and Department Paediatric Respiratory Medicine (FT), Royal Brompton Hospital, Guy's and St Thomas NHS Trust London, United Kingdom; Pediatric Neurology and Muscular Diseases Unit (FT), IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genova and Department of Neurosciences, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health (DiNOGMI), University of Genoa, Italy; Population (DR), Policy and Practice Programme, UCL GOS Institute of Child Health, London; Paediatric Neurology (GC, RDS, MP, MCP, EM), Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore; Centro Clinico Nemo (GC, RDS, MP, MCP, EM), Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy; Newcastle University and Newcastle Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust (AGM, CM-B), Newcastle Upon Tyne, United Kingdom; Department of Rehabilitation and Regenerative Medicine (JM), Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York; Neurorehabilitation Unit (VAS, EA), University of Milan, Neuromuscular Omnicentre Clinical Center, Niguarda Hospital; Unit of Neuromuscular and Neurodegenerative Disorders (ADA, ESB), Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital IRCCS, Rome; Center of Experimental and Translational Myology (CB), IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genoa and Department of Neurosciences, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health (DiNOGMI), University of Genoa; Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine and Centro Clinico Nemo Sud (SSM), University of Messina, Italy; Leeds Children Hospital (A-MC); The Robert Jones and Agnes Hunt Orthopaedic Hospital (TW), Oswestry; Sheffield Children's Hospital (MTO, LS); MDUK Oxford Neuromuscular Centre & NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre (LS), University of Oxford, United Kingdom; Neuromuscular Reference Center, Department of Paediatrics, University and University Hospital of Liege, Belgium; Royal Hospital for Children (AM), Bristol; Royal Manchester Children's Hospital (IH); University Hospitals Birmingham (DP), United Kingdom; Evelina London Children's Hospital (VLG), London, UK; Departments of Neurology and Pediatrics (DCDV), Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York; Department of Neurology (BTD), Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Department of Neurology (JWD), Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA; Department of Paediatrics The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia (OM, ZZ-C), Philadelphia, PA; Nemours Children's Hospital (RSF), University of Central Florida College of Medicine, Orlando; St. Jude Children's Research Hospital (RSF), Memphis, TN; and NIHR Great Ormond Street Hospital Biomedical Research Centre (FM), London, United Kingdom
| | - Jacqueline Montes
- Dubowitz Neuromuscular Centre (FT, HW, MS, AR, MLM, GB, FM), UCL Institute of Child Health & Great Ormond Street Hospital, London; Department Paediatric Neuroscience Evelina London Children's Hospital and Department Paediatric Respiratory Medicine (FT), Royal Brompton Hospital, Guy's and St Thomas NHS Trust London, United Kingdom; Pediatric Neurology and Muscular Diseases Unit (FT), IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genova and Department of Neurosciences, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health (DiNOGMI), University of Genoa, Italy; Population (DR), Policy and Practice Programme, UCL GOS Institute of Child Health, London; Paediatric Neurology (GC, RDS, MP, MCP, EM), Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore; Centro Clinico Nemo (GC, RDS, MP, MCP, EM), Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy; Newcastle University and Newcastle Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust (AGM, CM-B), Newcastle Upon Tyne, United Kingdom; Department of Rehabilitation and Regenerative Medicine (JM), Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York; Neurorehabilitation Unit (VAS, EA), University of Milan, Neuromuscular Omnicentre Clinical Center, Niguarda Hospital; Unit of Neuromuscular and Neurodegenerative Disorders (ADA, ESB), Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital IRCCS, Rome; Center of Experimental and Translational Myology (CB), IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genoa and Department of Neurosciences, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health (DiNOGMI), University of Genoa; Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine and Centro Clinico Nemo Sud (SSM), University of Messina, Italy; Leeds Children Hospital (A-MC); The Robert Jones and Agnes Hunt Orthopaedic Hospital (TW), Oswestry; Sheffield Children's Hospital (MTO, LS); MDUK Oxford Neuromuscular Centre & NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre (LS), University of Oxford, United Kingdom; Neuromuscular Reference Center, Department of Paediatrics, University and University Hospital of Liege, Belgium; Royal Hospital for Children (AM), Bristol; Royal Manchester Children's Hospital (IH); University Hospitals Birmingham (DP), United Kingdom; Evelina London Children's Hospital (VLG), London, UK; Departments of Neurology and Pediatrics (DCDV), Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York; Department of Neurology (BTD), Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Department of Neurology (JWD), Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA; Department of Paediatrics The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia (OM, ZZ-C), Philadelphia, PA; Nemours Children's Hospital (RSF), University of Central Florida College of Medicine, Orlando; St. Jude Children's Research Hospital (RSF), Memphis, TN; and NIHR Great Ormond Street Hospital Biomedical Research Centre (FM), London, United Kingdom
| | - Roberto De Sanctis
- Dubowitz Neuromuscular Centre (FT, HW, MS, AR, MLM, GB, FM), UCL Institute of Child Health & Great Ormond Street Hospital, London; Department Paediatric Neuroscience Evelina London Children's Hospital and Department Paediatric Respiratory Medicine (FT), Royal Brompton Hospital, Guy's and St Thomas NHS Trust London, United Kingdom; Pediatric Neurology and Muscular Diseases Unit (FT), IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genova and Department of Neurosciences, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health (DiNOGMI), University of Genoa, Italy; Population (DR), Policy and Practice Programme, UCL GOS Institute of Child Health, London; Paediatric Neurology (GC, RDS, MP, MCP, EM), Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore; Centro Clinico Nemo (GC, RDS, MP, MCP, EM), Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy; Newcastle University and Newcastle Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust (AGM, CM-B), Newcastle Upon Tyne, United Kingdom; Department of Rehabilitation and Regenerative Medicine (JM), Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York; Neurorehabilitation Unit (VAS, EA), University of Milan, Neuromuscular Omnicentre Clinical Center, Niguarda Hospital; Unit of Neuromuscular and Neurodegenerative Disorders (ADA, ESB), Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital IRCCS, Rome; Center of Experimental and Translational Myology (CB), IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genoa and Department of Neurosciences, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health (DiNOGMI), University of Genoa; Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine and Centro Clinico Nemo Sud (SSM), University of Messina, Italy; Leeds Children Hospital (A-MC); The Robert Jones and Agnes Hunt Orthopaedic Hospital (TW), Oswestry; Sheffield Children's Hospital (MTO, LS); MDUK Oxford Neuromuscular Centre & NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre (LS), University of Oxford, United Kingdom; Neuromuscular Reference Center, Department of Paediatrics, University and University Hospital of Liege, Belgium; Royal Hospital for Children (AM), Bristol; Royal Manchester Children's Hospital (IH); University Hospitals Birmingham (DP), United Kingdom; Evelina London Children's Hospital (VLG), London, UK; Departments of Neurology and Pediatrics (DCDV), Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York; Department of Neurology (BTD), Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Department of Neurology (JWD), Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA; Department of Paediatrics The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia (OM, ZZ-C), Philadelphia, PA; Nemours Children's Hospital (RSF), University of Central Florida College of Medicine, Orlando; St. Jude Children's Research Hospital (RSF), Memphis, TN; and NIHR Great Ormond Street Hospital Biomedical Research Centre (FM), London, United Kingdom
| | - Marika Pane
- Dubowitz Neuromuscular Centre (FT, HW, MS, AR, MLM, GB, FM), UCL Institute of Child Health & Great Ormond Street Hospital, London; Department Paediatric Neuroscience Evelina London Children's Hospital and Department Paediatric Respiratory Medicine (FT), Royal Brompton Hospital, Guy's and St Thomas NHS Trust London, United Kingdom; Pediatric Neurology and Muscular Diseases Unit (FT), IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genova and Department of Neurosciences, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health (DiNOGMI), University of Genoa, Italy; Population (DR), Policy and Practice Programme, UCL GOS Institute of Child Health, London; Paediatric Neurology (GC, RDS, MP, MCP, EM), Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore; Centro Clinico Nemo (GC, RDS, MP, MCP, EM), Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy; Newcastle University and Newcastle Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust (AGM, CM-B), Newcastle Upon Tyne, United Kingdom; Department of Rehabilitation and Regenerative Medicine (JM), Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York; Neurorehabilitation Unit (VAS, EA), University of Milan, Neuromuscular Omnicentre Clinical Center, Niguarda Hospital; Unit of Neuromuscular and Neurodegenerative Disorders (ADA, ESB), Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital IRCCS, Rome; Center of Experimental and Translational Myology (CB), IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genoa and Department of Neurosciences, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health (DiNOGMI), University of Genoa; Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine and Centro Clinico Nemo Sud (SSM), University of Messina, Italy; Leeds Children Hospital (A-MC); The Robert Jones and Agnes Hunt Orthopaedic Hospital (TW), Oswestry; Sheffield Children's Hospital (MTO, LS); MDUK Oxford Neuromuscular Centre & NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre (LS), University of Oxford, United Kingdom; Neuromuscular Reference Center, Department of Paediatrics, University and University Hospital of Liege, Belgium; Royal Hospital for Children (AM), Bristol; Royal Manchester Children's Hospital (IH); University Hospitals Birmingham (DP), United Kingdom; Evelina London Children's Hospital (VLG), London, UK; Departments of Neurology and Pediatrics (DCDV), Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York; Department of Neurology (BTD), Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Department of Neurology (JWD), Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA; Department of Paediatrics The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia (OM, ZZ-C), Philadelphia, PA; Nemours Children's Hospital (RSF), University of Central Florida College of Medicine, Orlando; St. Jude Children's Research Hospital (RSF), Memphis, TN; and NIHR Great Ormond Street Hospital Biomedical Research Centre (FM), London, United Kingdom
| | - Maria Carmela Pera
- Dubowitz Neuromuscular Centre (FT, HW, MS, AR, MLM, GB, FM), UCL Institute of Child Health & Great Ormond Street Hospital, London; Department Paediatric Neuroscience Evelina London Children's Hospital and Department Paediatric Respiratory Medicine (FT), Royal Brompton Hospital, Guy's and St Thomas NHS Trust London, United Kingdom; Pediatric Neurology and Muscular Diseases Unit (FT), IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genova and Department of Neurosciences, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health (DiNOGMI), University of Genoa, Italy; Population (DR), Policy and Practice Programme, UCL GOS Institute of Child Health, London; Paediatric Neurology (GC, RDS, MP, MCP, EM), Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore; Centro Clinico Nemo (GC, RDS, MP, MCP, EM), Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy; Newcastle University and Newcastle Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust (AGM, CM-B), Newcastle Upon Tyne, United Kingdom; Department of Rehabilitation and Regenerative Medicine (JM), Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York; Neurorehabilitation Unit (VAS, EA), University of Milan, Neuromuscular Omnicentre Clinical Center, Niguarda Hospital; Unit of Neuromuscular and Neurodegenerative Disorders (ADA, ESB), Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital IRCCS, Rome; Center of Experimental and Translational Myology (CB), IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genoa and Department of Neurosciences, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health (DiNOGMI), University of Genoa; Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine and Centro Clinico Nemo Sud (SSM), University of Messina, Italy; Leeds Children Hospital (A-MC); The Robert Jones and Agnes Hunt Orthopaedic Hospital (TW), Oswestry; Sheffield Children's Hospital (MTO, LS); MDUK Oxford Neuromuscular Centre & NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre (LS), University of Oxford, United Kingdom; Neuromuscular Reference Center, Department of Paediatrics, University and University Hospital of Liege, Belgium; Royal Hospital for Children (AM), Bristol; Royal Manchester Children's Hospital (IH); University Hospitals Birmingham (DP), United Kingdom; Evelina London Children's Hospital (VLG), London, UK; Departments of Neurology and Pediatrics (DCDV), Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York; Department of Neurology (BTD), Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Department of Neurology (JWD), Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA; Department of Paediatrics The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia (OM, ZZ-C), Philadelphia, PA; Nemours Children's Hospital (RSF), University of Central Florida College of Medicine, Orlando; St. Jude Children's Research Hospital (RSF), Memphis, TN; and NIHR Great Ormond Street Hospital Biomedical Research Centre (FM), London, United Kingdom
| | - Valeria A Sansone
- Dubowitz Neuromuscular Centre (FT, HW, MS, AR, MLM, GB, FM), UCL Institute of Child Health & Great Ormond Street Hospital, London; Department Paediatric Neuroscience Evelina London Children's Hospital and Department Paediatric Respiratory Medicine (FT), Royal Brompton Hospital, Guy's and St Thomas NHS Trust London, United Kingdom; Pediatric Neurology and Muscular Diseases Unit (FT), IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genova and Department of Neurosciences, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health (DiNOGMI), University of Genoa, Italy; Population (DR), Policy and Practice Programme, UCL GOS Institute of Child Health, London; Paediatric Neurology (GC, RDS, MP, MCP, EM), Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore; Centro Clinico Nemo (GC, RDS, MP, MCP, EM), Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy; Newcastle University and Newcastle Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust (AGM, CM-B), Newcastle Upon Tyne, United Kingdom; Department of Rehabilitation and Regenerative Medicine (JM), Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York; Neurorehabilitation Unit (VAS, EA), University of Milan, Neuromuscular Omnicentre Clinical Center, Niguarda Hospital; Unit of Neuromuscular and Neurodegenerative Disorders (ADA, ESB), Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital IRCCS, Rome; Center of Experimental and Translational Myology (CB), IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genoa and Department of Neurosciences, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health (DiNOGMI), University of Genoa; Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine and Centro Clinico Nemo Sud (SSM), University of Messina, Italy; Leeds Children Hospital (A-MC); The Robert Jones and Agnes Hunt Orthopaedic Hospital (TW), Oswestry; Sheffield Children's Hospital (MTO, LS); MDUK Oxford Neuromuscular Centre & NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre (LS), University of Oxford, United Kingdom; Neuromuscular Reference Center, Department of Paediatrics, University and University Hospital of Liege, Belgium; Royal Hospital for Children (AM), Bristol; Royal Manchester Children's Hospital (IH); University Hospitals Birmingham (DP), United Kingdom; Evelina London Children's Hospital (VLG), London, UK; Departments of Neurology and Pediatrics (DCDV), Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York; Department of Neurology (BTD), Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Department of Neurology (JWD), Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA; Department of Paediatrics The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia (OM, ZZ-C), Philadelphia, PA; Nemours Children's Hospital (RSF), University of Central Florida College of Medicine, Orlando; St. Jude Children's Research Hospital (RSF), Memphis, TN; and NIHR Great Ormond Street Hospital Biomedical Research Centre (FM), London, United Kingdom
| | - Emilio Albamonte
- Dubowitz Neuromuscular Centre (FT, HW, MS, AR, MLM, GB, FM), UCL Institute of Child Health & Great Ormond Street Hospital, London; Department Paediatric Neuroscience Evelina London Children's Hospital and Department Paediatric Respiratory Medicine (FT), Royal Brompton Hospital, Guy's and St Thomas NHS Trust London, United Kingdom; Pediatric Neurology and Muscular Diseases Unit (FT), IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genova and Department of Neurosciences, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health (DiNOGMI), University of Genoa, Italy; Population (DR), Policy and Practice Programme, UCL GOS Institute of Child Health, London; Paediatric Neurology (GC, RDS, MP, MCP, EM), Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore; Centro Clinico Nemo (GC, RDS, MP, MCP, EM), Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy; Newcastle University and Newcastle Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust (AGM, CM-B), Newcastle Upon Tyne, United Kingdom; Department of Rehabilitation and Regenerative Medicine (JM), Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York; Neurorehabilitation Unit (VAS, EA), University of Milan, Neuromuscular Omnicentre Clinical Center, Niguarda Hospital; Unit of Neuromuscular and Neurodegenerative Disorders (ADA, ESB), Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital IRCCS, Rome; Center of Experimental and Translational Myology (CB), IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genoa and Department of Neurosciences, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health (DiNOGMI), University of Genoa; Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine and Centro Clinico Nemo Sud (SSM), University of Messina, Italy; Leeds Children Hospital (A-MC); The Robert Jones and Agnes Hunt Orthopaedic Hospital (TW), Oswestry; Sheffield Children's Hospital (MTO, LS); MDUK Oxford Neuromuscular Centre & NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre (LS), University of Oxford, United Kingdom; Neuromuscular Reference Center, Department of Paediatrics, University and University Hospital of Liege, Belgium; Royal Hospital for Children (AM), Bristol; Royal Manchester Children's Hospital (IH); University Hospitals Birmingham (DP), United Kingdom; Evelina London Children's Hospital (VLG), London, UK; Departments of Neurology and Pediatrics (DCDV), Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York; Department of Neurology (BTD), Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Department of Neurology (JWD), Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA; Department of Paediatrics The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia (OM, ZZ-C), Philadelphia, PA; Nemours Children's Hospital (RSF), University of Central Florida College of Medicine, Orlando; St. Jude Children's Research Hospital (RSF), Memphis, TN; and NIHR Great Ormond Street Hospital Biomedical Research Centre (FM), London, United Kingdom
| | - Adele D'Amico
- Dubowitz Neuromuscular Centre (FT, HW, MS, AR, MLM, GB, FM), UCL Institute of Child Health & Great Ormond Street Hospital, London; Department Paediatric Neuroscience Evelina London Children's Hospital and Department Paediatric Respiratory Medicine (FT), Royal Brompton Hospital, Guy's and St Thomas NHS Trust London, United Kingdom; Pediatric Neurology and Muscular Diseases Unit (FT), IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genova and Department of Neurosciences, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health (DiNOGMI), University of Genoa, Italy; Population (DR), Policy and Practice Programme, UCL GOS Institute of Child Health, London; Paediatric Neurology (GC, RDS, MP, MCP, EM), Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore; Centro Clinico Nemo (GC, RDS, MP, MCP, EM), Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy; Newcastle University and Newcastle Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust (AGM, CM-B), Newcastle Upon Tyne, United Kingdom; Department of Rehabilitation and Regenerative Medicine (JM), Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York; Neurorehabilitation Unit (VAS, EA), University of Milan, Neuromuscular Omnicentre Clinical Center, Niguarda Hospital; Unit of Neuromuscular and Neurodegenerative Disorders (ADA, ESB), Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital IRCCS, Rome; Center of Experimental and Translational Myology (CB), IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genoa and Department of Neurosciences, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health (DiNOGMI), University of Genoa; Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine and Centro Clinico Nemo Sud (SSM), University of Messina, Italy; Leeds Children Hospital (A-MC); The Robert Jones and Agnes Hunt Orthopaedic Hospital (TW), Oswestry; Sheffield Children's Hospital (MTO, LS); MDUK Oxford Neuromuscular Centre & NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre (LS), University of Oxford, United Kingdom; Neuromuscular Reference Center, Department of Paediatrics, University and University Hospital of Liege, Belgium; Royal Hospital for Children (AM), Bristol; Royal Manchester Children's Hospital (IH); University Hospitals Birmingham (DP), United Kingdom; Evelina London Children's Hospital (VLG), London, UK; Departments of Neurology and Pediatrics (DCDV), Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York; Department of Neurology (BTD), Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Department of Neurology (JWD), Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA; Department of Paediatrics The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia (OM, ZZ-C), Philadelphia, PA; Nemours Children's Hospital (RSF), University of Central Florida College of Medicine, Orlando; St. Jude Children's Research Hospital (RSF), Memphis, TN; and NIHR Great Ormond Street Hospital Biomedical Research Centre (FM), London, United Kingdom
| | - Claudio Bruno
- Dubowitz Neuromuscular Centre (FT, HW, MS, AR, MLM, GB, FM), UCL Institute of Child Health & Great Ormond Street Hospital, London; Department Paediatric Neuroscience Evelina London Children's Hospital and Department Paediatric Respiratory Medicine (FT), Royal Brompton Hospital, Guy's and St Thomas NHS Trust London, United Kingdom; Pediatric Neurology and Muscular Diseases Unit (FT), IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genova and Department of Neurosciences, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health (DiNOGMI), University of Genoa, Italy; Population (DR), Policy and Practice Programme, UCL GOS Institute of Child Health, London; Paediatric Neurology (GC, RDS, MP, MCP, EM), Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore; Centro Clinico Nemo (GC, RDS, MP, MCP, EM), Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy; Newcastle University and Newcastle Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust (AGM, CM-B), Newcastle Upon Tyne, United Kingdom; Department of Rehabilitation and Regenerative Medicine (JM), Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York; Neurorehabilitation Unit (VAS, EA), University of Milan, Neuromuscular Omnicentre Clinical Center, Niguarda Hospital; Unit of Neuromuscular and Neurodegenerative Disorders (ADA, ESB), Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital IRCCS, Rome; Center of Experimental and Translational Myology (CB), IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genoa and Department of Neurosciences, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health (DiNOGMI), University of Genoa; Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine and Centro Clinico Nemo Sud (SSM), University of Messina, Italy; Leeds Children Hospital (A-MC); The Robert Jones and Agnes Hunt Orthopaedic Hospital (TW), Oswestry; Sheffield Children's Hospital (MTO, LS); MDUK Oxford Neuromuscular Centre & NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre (LS), University of Oxford, United Kingdom; Neuromuscular Reference Center, Department of Paediatrics, University and University Hospital of Liege, Belgium; Royal Hospital for Children (AM), Bristol; Royal Manchester Children's Hospital (IH); University Hospitals Birmingham (DP), United Kingdom; Evelina London Children's Hospital (VLG), London, UK; Departments of Neurology and Pediatrics (DCDV), Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York; Department of Neurology (BTD), Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Department of Neurology (JWD), Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA; Department of Paediatrics The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia (OM, ZZ-C), Philadelphia, PA; Nemours Children's Hospital (RSF), University of Central Florida College of Medicine, Orlando; St. Jude Children's Research Hospital (RSF), Memphis, TN; and NIHR Great Ormond Street Hospital Biomedical Research Centre (FM), London, United Kingdom
| | - Sonia S Messina
- Dubowitz Neuromuscular Centre (FT, HW, MS, AR, MLM, GB, FM), UCL Institute of Child Health & Great Ormond Street Hospital, London; Department Paediatric Neuroscience Evelina London Children's Hospital and Department Paediatric Respiratory Medicine (FT), Royal Brompton Hospital, Guy's and St Thomas NHS Trust London, United Kingdom; Pediatric Neurology and Muscular Diseases Unit (FT), IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genova and Department of Neurosciences, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health (DiNOGMI), University of Genoa, Italy; Population (DR), Policy and Practice Programme, UCL GOS Institute of Child Health, London; Paediatric Neurology (GC, RDS, MP, MCP, EM), Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore; Centro Clinico Nemo (GC, RDS, MP, MCP, EM), Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy; Newcastle University and Newcastle Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust (AGM, CM-B), Newcastle Upon Tyne, United Kingdom; Department of Rehabilitation and Regenerative Medicine (JM), Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York; Neurorehabilitation Unit (VAS, EA), University of Milan, Neuromuscular Omnicentre Clinical Center, Niguarda Hospital; Unit of Neuromuscular and Neurodegenerative Disorders (ADA, ESB), Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital IRCCS, Rome; Center of Experimental and Translational Myology (CB), IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genoa and Department of Neurosciences, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health (DiNOGMI), University of Genoa; Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine and Centro Clinico Nemo Sud (SSM), University of Messina, Italy; Leeds Children Hospital (A-MC); The Robert Jones and Agnes Hunt Orthopaedic Hospital (TW), Oswestry; Sheffield Children's Hospital (MTO, LS); MDUK Oxford Neuromuscular Centre & NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre (LS), University of Oxford, United Kingdom; Neuromuscular Reference Center, Department of Paediatrics, University and University Hospital of Liege, Belgium; Royal Hospital for Children (AM), Bristol; Royal Manchester Children's Hospital (IH); University Hospitals Birmingham (DP), United Kingdom; Evelina London Children's Hospital (VLG), London, UK; Departments of Neurology and Pediatrics (DCDV), Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York; Department of Neurology (BTD), Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Department of Neurology (JWD), Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA; Department of Paediatrics The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia (OM, ZZ-C), Philadelphia, PA; Nemours Children's Hospital (RSF), University of Central Florida College of Medicine, Orlando; St. Jude Children's Research Hospital (RSF), Memphis, TN; and NIHR Great Ormond Street Hospital Biomedical Research Centre (FM), London, United Kingdom
| | - Anne-Marie Childs
- Dubowitz Neuromuscular Centre (FT, HW, MS, AR, MLM, GB, FM), UCL Institute of Child Health & Great Ormond Street Hospital, London; Department Paediatric Neuroscience Evelina London Children's Hospital and Department Paediatric Respiratory Medicine (FT), Royal Brompton Hospital, Guy's and St Thomas NHS Trust London, United Kingdom; Pediatric Neurology and Muscular Diseases Unit (FT), IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genova and Department of Neurosciences, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health (DiNOGMI), University of Genoa, Italy; Population (DR), Policy and Practice Programme, UCL GOS Institute of Child Health, London; Paediatric Neurology (GC, RDS, MP, MCP, EM), Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore; Centro Clinico Nemo (GC, RDS, MP, MCP, EM), Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy; Newcastle University and Newcastle Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust (AGM, CM-B), Newcastle Upon Tyne, United Kingdom; Department of Rehabilitation and Regenerative Medicine (JM), Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York; Neurorehabilitation Unit (VAS, EA), University of Milan, Neuromuscular Omnicentre Clinical Center, Niguarda Hospital; Unit of Neuromuscular and Neurodegenerative Disorders (ADA, ESB), Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital IRCCS, Rome; Center of Experimental and Translational Myology (CB), IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genoa and Department of Neurosciences, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health (DiNOGMI), University of Genoa; Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine and Centro Clinico Nemo Sud (SSM), University of Messina, Italy; Leeds Children Hospital (A-MC); The Robert Jones and Agnes Hunt Orthopaedic Hospital (TW), Oswestry; Sheffield Children's Hospital (MTO, LS); MDUK Oxford Neuromuscular Centre & NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre (LS), University of Oxford, United Kingdom; Neuromuscular Reference Center, Department of Paediatrics, University and University Hospital of Liege, Belgium; Royal Hospital for Children (AM), Bristol; Royal Manchester Children's Hospital (IH); University Hospitals Birmingham (DP), United Kingdom; Evelina London Children's Hospital (VLG), London, UK; Departments of Neurology and Pediatrics (DCDV), Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York; Department of Neurology (BTD), Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Department of Neurology (JWD), Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA; Department of Paediatrics The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia (OM, ZZ-C), Philadelphia, PA; Nemours Children's Hospital (RSF), University of Central Florida College of Medicine, Orlando; St. Jude Children's Research Hospital (RSF), Memphis, TN; and NIHR Great Ormond Street Hospital Biomedical Research Centre (FM), London, United Kingdom
| | - Tracey Willis
- Dubowitz Neuromuscular Centre (FT, HW, MS, AR, MLM, GB, FM), UCL Institute of Child Health & Great Ormond Street Hospital, London; Department Paediatric Neuroscience Evelina London Children's Hospital and Department Paediatric Respiratory Medicine (FT), Royal Brompton Hospital, Guy's and St Thomas NHS Trust London, United Kingdom; Pediatric Neurology and Muscular Diseases Unit (FT), IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genova and Department of Neurosciences, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health (DiNOGMI), University of Genoa, Italy; Population (DR), Policy and Practice Programme, UCL GOS Institute of Child Health, London; Paediatric Neurology (GC, RDS, MP, MCP, EM), Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore; Centro Clinico Nemo (GC, RDS, MP, MCP, EM), Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy; Newcastle University and Newcastle Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust (AGM, CM-B), Newcastle Upon Tyne, United Kingdom; Department of Rehabilitation and Regenerative Medicine (JM), Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York; Neurorehabilitation Unit (VAS, EA), University of Milan, Neuromuscular Omnicentre Clinical Center, Niguarda Hospital; Unit of Neuromuscular and Neurodegenerative Disorders (ADA, ESB), Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital IRCCS, Rome; Center of Experimental and Translational Myology (CB), IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genoa and Department of Neurosciences, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health (DiNOGMI), University of Genoa; Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine and Centro Clinico Nemo Sud (SSM), University of Messina, Italy; Leeds Children Hospital (A-MC); The Robert Jones and Agnes Hunt Orthopaedic Hospital (TW), Oswestry; Sheffield Children's Hospital (MTO, LS); MDUK Oxford Neuromuscular Centre & NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre (LS), University of Oxford, United Kingdom; Neuromuscular Reference Center, Department of Paediatrics, University and University Hospital of Liege, Belgium; Royal Hospital for Children (AM), Bristol; Royal Manchester Children's Hospital (IH); University Hospitals Birmingham (DP), United Kingdom; Evelina London Children's Hospital (VLG), London, UK; Departments of Neurology and Pediatrics (DCDV), Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York; Department of Neurology (BTD), Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Department of Neurology (JWD), Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA; Department of Paediatrics The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia (OM, ZZ-C), Philadelphia, PA; Nemours Children's Hospital (RSF), University of Central Florida College of Medicine, Orlando; St. Jude Children's Research Hospital (RSF), Memphis, TN; and NIHR Great Ormond Street Hospital Biomedical Research Centre (FM), London, United Kingdom
| | - Min T Ong
- Dubowitz Neuromuscular Centre (FT, HW, MS, AR, MLM, GB, FM), UCL Institute of Child Health & Great Ormond Street Hospital, London; Department Paediatric Neuroscience Evelina London Children's Hospital and Department Paediatric Respiratory Medicine (FT), Royal Brompton Hospital, Guy's and St Thomas NHS Trust London, United Kingdom; Pediatric Neurology and Muscular Diseases Unit (FT), IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genova and Department of Neurosciences, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health (DiNOGMI), University of Genoa, Italy; Population (DR), Policy and Practice Programme, UCL GOS Institute of Child Health, London; Paediatric Neurology (GC, RDS, MP, MCP, EM), Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore; Centro Clinico Nemo (GC, RDS, MP, MCP, EM), Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy; Newcastle University and Newcastle Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust (AGM, CM-B), Newcastle Upon Tyne, United Kingdom; Department of Rehabilitation and Regenerative Medicine (JM), Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York; Neurorehabilitation Unit (VAS, EA), University of Milan, Neuromuscular Omnicentre Clinical Center, Niguarda Hospital; Unit of Neuromuscular and Neurodegenerative Disorders (ADA, ESB), Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital IRCCS, Rome; Center of Experimental and Translational Myology (CB), IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genoa and Department of Neurosciences, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health (DiNOGMI), University of Genoa; Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine and Centro Clinico Nemo Sud (SSM), University of Messina, Italy; Leeds Children Hospital (A-MC); The Robert Jones and Agnes Hunt Orthopaedic Hospital (TW), Oswestry; Sheffield Children's Hospital (MTO, LS); MDUK Oxford Neuromuscular Centre & NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre (LS), University of Oxford, United Kingdom; Neuromuscular Reference Center, Department of Paediatrics, University and University Hospital of Liege, Belgium; Royal Hospital for Children (AM), Bristol; Royal Manchester Children's Hospital (IH); University Hospitals Birmingham (DP), United Kingdom; Evelina London Children's Hospital (VLG), London, UK; Departments of Neurology and Pediatrics (DCDV), Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York; Department of Neurology (BTD), Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Department of Neurology (JWD), Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA; Department of Paediatrics The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia (OM, ZZ-C), Philadelphia, PA; Nemours Children's Hospital (RSF), University of Central Florida College of Medicine, Orlando; St. Jude Children's Research Hospital (RSF), Memphis, TN; and NIHR Great Ormond Street Hospital Biomedical Research Centre (FM), London, United Kingdom
| | - Laurent Servais
- Dubowitz Neuromuscular Centre (FT, HW, MS, AR, MLM, GB, FM), UCL Institute of Child Health & Great Ormond Street Hospital, London; Department Paediatric Neuroscience Evelina London Children's Hospital and Department Paediatric Respiratory Medicine (FT), Royal Brompton Hospital, Guy's and St Thomas NHS Trust London, United Kingdom; Pediatric Neurology and Muscular Diseases Unit (FT), IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genova and Department of Neurosciences, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health (DiNOGMI), University of Genoa, Italy; Population (DR), Policy and Practice Programme, UCL GOS Institute of Child Health, London; Paediatric Neurology (GC, RDS, MP, MCP, EM), Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore; Centro Clinico Nemo (GC, RDS, MP, MCP, EM), Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy; Newcastle University and Newcastle Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust (AGM, CM-B), Newcastle Upon Tyne, United Kingdom; Department of Rehabilitation and Regenerative Medicine (JM), Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York; Neurorehabilitation Unit (VAS, EA), University of Milan, Neuromuscular Omnicentre Clinical Center, Niguarda Hospital; Unit of Neuromuscular and Neurodegenerative Disorders (ADA, ESB), Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital IRCCS, Rome; Center of Experimental and Translational Myology (CB), IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genoa and Department of Neurosciences, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health (DiNOGMI), University of Genoa; Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine and Centro Clinico Nemo Sud (SSM), University of Messina, Italy; Leeds Children Hospital (A-MC); The Robert Jones and Agnes Hunt Orthopaedic Hospital (TW), Oswestry; Sheffield Children's Hospital (MTO, LS); MDUK Oxford Neuromuscular Centre & NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre (LS), University of Oxford, United Kingdom; Neuromuscular Reference Center, Department of Paediatrics, University and University Hospital of Liege, Belgium; Royal Hospital for Children (AM), Bristol; Royal Manchester Children's Hospital (IH); University Hospitals Birmingham (DP), United Kingdom; Evelina London Children's Hospital (VLG), London, UK; Departments of Neurology and Pediatrics (DCDV), Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York; Department of Neurology (BTD), Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Department of Neurology (JWD), Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA; Department of Paediatrics The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia (OM, ZZ-C), Philadelphia, PA; Nemours Children's Hospital (RSF), University of Central Florida College of Medicine, Orlando; St. Jude Children's Research Hospital (RSF), Memphis, TN; and NIHR Great Ormond Street Hospital Biomedical Research Centre (FM), London, United Kingdom
| | - Anirban Majumdar
- Dubowitz Neuromuscular Centre (FT, HW, MS, AR, MLM, GB, FM), UCL Institute of Child Health & Great Ormond Street Hospital, London; Department Paediatric Neuroscience Evelina London Children's Hospital and Department Paediatric Respiratory Medicine (FT), Royal Brompton Hospital, Guy's and St Thomas NHS Trust London, United Kingdom; Pediatric Neurology and Muscular Diseases Unit (FT), IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genova and Department of Neurosciences, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health (DiNOGMI), University of Genoa, Italy; Population (DR), Policy and Practice Programme, UCL GOS Institute of Child Health, London; Paediatric Neurology (GC, RDS, MP, MCP, EM), Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore; Centro Clinico Nemo (GC, RDS, MP, MCP, EM), Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy; Newcastle University and Newcastle Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust (AGM, CM-B), Newcastle Upon Tyne, United Kingdom; Department of Rehabilitation and Regenerative Medicine (JM), Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York; Neurorehabilitation Unit (VAS, EA), University of Milan, Neuromuscular Omnicentre Clinical Center, Niguarda Hospital; Unit of Neuromuscular and Neurodegenerative Disorders (ADA, ESB), Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital IRCCS, Rome; Center of Experimental and Translational Myology (CB), IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genoa and Department of Neurosciences, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health (DiNOGMI), University of Genoa; Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine and Centro Clinico Nemo Sud (SSM), University of Messina, Italy; Leeds Children Hospital (A-MC); The Robert Jones and Agnes Hunt Orthopaedic Hospital (TW), Oswestry; Sheffield Children's Hospital (MTO, LS); MDUK Oxford Neuromuscular Centre & NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre (LS), University of Oxford, United Kingdom; Neuromuscular Reference Center, Department of Paediatrics, University and University Hospital of Liege, Belgium; Royal Hospital for Children (AM), Bristol; Royal Manchester Children's Hospital (IH); University Hospitals Birmingham (DP), United Kingdom; Evelina London Children's Hospital (VLG), London, UK; Departments of Neurology and Pediatrics (DCDV), Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York; Department of Neurology (BTD), Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Department of Neurology (JWD), Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA; Department of Paediatrics The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia (OM, ZZ-C), Philadelphia, PA; Nemours Children's Hospital (RSF), University of Central Florida College of Medicine, Orlando; St. Jude Children's Research Hospital (RSF), Memphis, TN; and NIHR Great Ormond Street Hospital Biomedical Research Centre (FM), London, United Kingdom
| | - Imelda Hughes
- Dubowitz Neuromuscular Centre (FT, HW, MS, AR, MLM, GB, FM), UCL Institute of Child Health & Great Ormond Street Hospital, London; Department Paediatric Neuroscience Evelina London Children's Hospital and Department Paediatric Respiratory Medicine (FT), Royal Brompton Hospital, Guy's and St Thomas NHS Trust London, United Kingdom; Pediatric Neurology and Muscular Diseases Unit (FT), IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genova and Department of Neurosciences, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health (DiNOGMI), University of Genoa, Italy; Population (DR), Policy and Practice Programme, UCL GOS Institute of Child Health, London; Paediatric Neurology (GC, RDS, MP, MCP, EM), Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore; Centro Clinico Nemo (GC, RDS, MP, MCP, EM), Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy; Newcastle University and Newcastle Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust (AGM, CM-B), Newcastle Upon Tyne, United Kingdom; Department of Rehabilitation and Regenerative Medicine (JM), Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York; Neurorehabilitation Unit (VAS, EA), University of Milan, Neuromuscular Omnicentre Clinical Center, Niguarda Hospital; Unit of Neuromuscular and Neurodegenerative Disorders (ADA, ESB), Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital IRCCS, Rome; Center of Experimental and Translational Myology (CB), IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genoa and Department of Neurosciences, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health (DiNOGMI), University of Genoa; Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine and Centro Clinico Nemo Sud (SSM), University of Messina, Italy; Leeds Children Hospital (A-MC); The Robert Jones and Agnes Hunt Orthopaedic Hospital (TW), Oswestry; Sheffield Children's Hospital (MTO, LS); MDUK Oxford Neuromuscular Centre & NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre (LS), University of Oxford, United Kingdom; Neuromuscular Reference Center, Department of Paediatrics, University and University Hospital of Liege, Belgium; Royal Hospital for Children (AM), Bristol; Royal Manchester Children's Hospital (IH); University Hospitals Birmingham (DP), United Kingdom; Evelina London Children's Hospital (VLG), London, UK; Departments of Neurology and Pediatrics (DCDV), Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York; Department of Neurology (BTD), Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Department of Neurology (JWD), Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA; Department of Paediatrics The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia (OM, ZZ-C), Philadelphia, PA; Nemours Children's Hospital (RSF), University of Central Florida College of Medicine, Orlando; St. Jude Children's Research Hospital (RSF), Memphis, TN; and NIHR Great Ormond Street Hospital Biomedical Research Centre (FM), London, United Kingdom
| | - Chiara Marini-Bettolo
- Dubowitz Neuromuscular Centre (FT, HW, MS, AR, MLM, GB, FM), UCL Institute of Child Health & Great Ormond Street Hospital, London; Department Paediatric Neuroscience Evelina London Children's Hospital and Department Paediatric Respiratory Medicine (FT), Royal Brompton Hospital, Guy's and St Thomas NHS Trust London, United Kingdom; Pediatric Neurology and Muscular Diseases Unit (FT), IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genova and Department of Neurosciences, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health (DiNOGMI), University of Genoa, Italy; Population (DR), Policy and Practice Programme, UCL GOS Institute of Child Health, London; Paediatric Neurology (GC, RDS, MP, MCP, EM), Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore; Centro Clinico Nemo (GC, RDS, MP, MCP, EM), Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy; Newcastle University and Newcastle Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust (AGM, CM-B), Newcastle Upon Tyne, United Kingdom; Department of Rehabilitation and Regenerative Medicine (JM), Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York; Neurorehabilitation Unit (VAS, EA), University of Milan, Neuromuscular Omnicentre Clinical Center, Niguarda Hospital; Unit of Neuromuscular and Neurodegenerative Disorders (ADA, ESB), Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital IRCCS, Rome; Center of Experimental and Translational Myology (CB), IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genoa and Department of Neurosciences, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health (DiNOGMI), University of Genoa; Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine and Centro Clinico Nemo Sud (SSM), University of Messina, Italy; Leeds Children Hospital (A-MC); The Robert Jones and Agnes Hunt Orthopaedic Hospital (TW), Oswestry; Sheffield Children's Hospital (MTO, LS); MDUK Oxford Neuromuscular Centre & NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre (LS), University of Oxford, United Kingdom; Neuromuscular Reference Center, Department of Paediatrics, University and University Hospital of Liege, Belgium; Royal Hospital for Children (AM), Bristol; Royal Manchester Children's Hospital (IH); University Hospitals Birmingham (DP), United Kingdom; Evelina London Children's Hospital (VLG), London, UK; Departments of Neurology and Pediatrics (DCDV), Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York; Department of Neurology (BTD), Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Department of Neurology (JWD), Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA; Department of Paediatrics The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia (OM, ZZ-C), Philadelphia, PA; Nemours Children's Hospital (RSF), University of Central Florida College of Medicine, Orlando; St. Jude Children's Research Hospital (RSF), Memphis, TN; and NIHR Great Ormond Street Hospital Biomedical Research Centre (FM), London, United Kingdom
| | - Deepak Parasuraman
- Dubowitz Neuromuscular Centre (FT, HW, MS, AR, MLM, GB, FM), UCL Institute of Child Health & Great Ormond Street Hospital, London; Department Paediatric Neuroscience Evelina London Children's Hospital and Department Paediatric Respiratory Medicine (FT), Royal Brompton Hospital, Guy's and St Thomas NHS Trust London, United Kingdom; Pediatric Neurology and Muscular Diseases Unit (FT), IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genova and Department of Neurosciences, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health (DiNOGMI), University of Genoa, Italy; Population (DR), Policy and Practice Programme, UCL GOS Institute of Child Health, London; Paediatric Neurology (GC, RDS, MP, MCP, EM), Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore; Centro Clinico Nemo (GC, RDS, MP, MCP, EM), Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy; Newcastle University and Newcastle Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust (AGM, CM-B), Newcastle Upon Tyne, United Kingdom; Department of Rehabilitation and Regenerative Medicine (JM), Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York; Neurorehabilitation Unit (VAS, EA), University of Milan, Neuromuscular Omnicentre Clinical Center, Niguarda Hospital; Unit of Neuromuscular and Neurodegenerative Disorders (ADA, ESB), Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital IRCCS, Rome; Center of Experimental and Translational Myology (CB), IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genoa and Department of Neurosciences, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health (DiNOGMI), University of Genoa; Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine and Centro Clinico Nemo Sud (SSM), University of Messina, Italy; Leeds Children Hospital (A-MC); The Robert Jones and Agnes Hunt Orthopaedic Hospital (TW), Oswestry; Sheffield Children's Hospital (MTO, LS); MDUK Oxford Neuromuscular Centre & NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre (LS), University of Oxford, United Kingdom; Neuromuscular Reference Center, Department of Paediatrics, University and University Hospital of Liege, Belgium; Royal Hospital for Children (AM), Bristol; Royal Manchester Children's Hospital (IH); University Hospitals Birmingham (DP), United Kingdom; Evelina London Children's Hospital (VLG), London, UK; Departments of Neurology and Pediatrics (DCDV), Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York; Department of Neurology (BTD), Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Department of Neurology (JWD), Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA; Department of Paediatrics The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia (OM, ZZ-C), Philadelphia, PA; Nemours Children's Hospital (RSF), University of Central Florida College of Medicine, Orlando; St. Jude Children's Research Hospital (RSF), Memphis, TN; and NIHR Great Ormond Street Hospital Biomedical Research Centre (FM), London, United Kingdom
| | - Vasantha L Gowda
- Dubowitz Neuromuscular Centre (FT, HW, MS, AR, MLM, GB, FM), UCL Institute of Child Health & Great Ormond Street Hospital, London; Department Paediatric Neuroscience Evelina London Children's Hospital and Department Paediatric Respiratory Medicine (FT), Royal Brompton Hospital, Guy's and St Thomas NHS Trust London, United Kingdom; Pediatric Neurology and Muscular Diseases Unit (FT), IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genova and Department of Neurosciences, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health (DiNOGMI), University of Genoa, Italy; Population (DR), Policy and Practice Programme, UCL GOS Institute of Child Health, London; Paediatric Neurology (GC, RDS, MP, MCP, EM), Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore; Centro Clinico Nemo (GC, RDS, MP, MCP, EM), Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy; Newcastle University and Newcastle Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust (AGM, CM-B), Newcastle Upon Tyne, United Kingdom; Department of Rehabilitation and Regenerative Medicine (JM), Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York; Neurorehabilitation Unit (VAS, EA), University of Milan, Neuromuscular Omnicentre Clinical Center, Niguarda Hospital; Unit of Neuromuscular and Neurodegenerative Disorders (ADA, ESB), Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital IRCCS, Rome; Center of Experimental and Translational Myology (CB), IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genoa and Department of Neurosciences, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health (DiNOGMI), University of Genoa; Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine and Centro Clinico Nemo Sud (SSM), University of Messina, Italy; Leeds Children Hospital (A-MC); The Robert Jones and Agnes Hunt Orthopaedic Hospital (TW), Oswestry; Sheffield Children's Hospital (MTO, LS); MDUK Oxford Neuromuscular Centre & NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre (LS), University of Oxford, United Kingdom; Neuromuscular Reference Center, Department of Paediatrics, University and University Hospital of Liege, Belgium; Royal Hospital for Children (AM), Bristol; Royal Manchester Children's Hospital (IH); University Hospitals Birmingham (DP), United Kingdom; Evelina London Children's Hospital (VLG), London, UK; Departments of Neurology and Pediatrics (DCDV), Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York; Department of Neurology (BTD), Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Department of Neurology (JWD), Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA; Department of Paediatrics The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia (OM, ZZ-C), Philadelphia, PA; Nemours Children's Hospital (RSF), University of Central Florida College of Medicine, Orlando; St. Jude Children's Research Hospital (RSF), Memphis, TN; and NIHR Great Ormond Street Hospital Biomedical Research Centre (FM), London, United Kingdom
| | - Giovanni Baranello
- Dubowitz Neuromuscular Centre (FT, HW, MS, AR, MLM, GB, FM), UCL Institute of Child Health & Great Ormond Street Hospital, London; Department Paediatric Neuroscience Evelina London Children's Hospital and Department Paediatric Respiratory Medicine (FT), Royal Brompton Hospital, Guy's and St Thomas NHS Trust London, United Kingdom; Pediatric Neurology and Muscular Diseases Unit (FT), IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genova and Department of Neurosciences, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health (DiNOGMI), University of Genoa, Italy; Population (DR), Policy and Practice Programme, UCL GOS Institute of Child Health, London; Paediatric Neurology (GC, RDS, MP, MCP, EM), Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore; Centro Clinico Nemo (GC, RDS, MP, MCP, EM), Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy; Newcastle University and Newcastle Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust (AGM, CM-B), Newcastle Upon Tyne, United Kingdom; Department of Rehabilitation and Regenerative Medicine (JM), Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York; Neurorehabilitation Unit (VAS, EA), University of Milan, Neuromuscular Omnicentre Clinical Center, Niguarda Hospital; Unit of Neuromuscular and Neurodegenerative Disorders (ADA, ESB), Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital IRCCS, Rome; Center of Experimental and Translational Myology (CB), IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genoa and Department of Neurosciences, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health (DiNOGMI), University of Genoa; Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine and Centro Clinico Nemo Sud (SSM), University of Messina, Italy; Leeds Children Hospital (A-MC); The Robert Jones and Agnes Hunt Orthopaedic Hospital (TW), Oswestry; Sheffield Children's Hospital (MTO, LS); MDUK Oxford Neuromuscular Centre & NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre (LS), University of Oxford, United Kingdom; Neuromuscular Reference Center, Department of Paediatrics, University and University Hospital of Liege, Belgium; Royal Hospital for Children (AM), Bristol; Royal Manchester Children's Hospital (IH); University Hospitals Birmingham (DP), United Kingdom; Evelina London Children's Hospital (VLG), London, UK; Departments of Neurology and Pediatrics (DCDV), Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York; Department of Neurology (BTD), Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Department of Neurology (JWD), Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA; Department of Paediatrics The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia (OM, ZZ-C), Philadelphia, PA; Nemours Children's Hospital (RSF), University of Central Florida College of Medicine, Orlando; St. Jude Children's Research Hospital (RSF), Memphis, TN; and NIHR Great Ormond Street Hospital Biomedical Research Centre (FM), London, United Kingdom
| | - Enrico S Bertini
- Dubowitz Neuromuscular Centre (FT, HW, MS, AR, MLM, GB, FM), UCL Institute of Child Health & Great Ormond Street Hospital, London; Department Paediatric Neuroscience Evelina London Children's Hospital and Department Paediatric Respiratory Medicine (FT), Royal Brompton Hospital, Guy's and St Thomas NHS Trust London, United Kingdom; Pediatric Neurology and Muscular Diseases Unit (FT), IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genova and Department of Neurosciences, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health (DiNOGMI), University of Genoa, Italy; Population (DR), Policy and Practice Programme, UCL GOS Institute of Child Health, London; Paediatric Neurology (GC, RDS, MP, MCP, EM), Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore; Centro Clinico Nemo (GC, RDS, MP, MCP, EM), Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy; Newcastle University and Newcastle Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust (AGM, CM-B), Newcastle Upon Tyne, United Kingdom; Department of Rehabilitation and Regenerative Medicine (JM), Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York; Neurorehabilitation Unit (VAS, EA), University of Milan, Neuromuscular Omnicentre Clinical Center, Niguarda Hospital; Unit of Neuromuscular and Neurodegenerative Disorders (ADA, ESB), Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital IRCCS, Rome; Center of Experimental and Translational Myology (CB), IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genoa and Department of Neurosciences, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health (DiNOGMI), University of Genoa; Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine and Centro Clinico Nemo Sud (SSM), University of Messina, Italy; Leeds Children Hospital (A-MC); The Robert Jones and Agnes Hunt Orthopaedic Hospital (TW), Oswestry; Sheffield Children's Hospital (MTO, LS); MDUK Oxford Neuromuscular Centre & NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre (LS), University of Oxford, United Kingdom; Neuromuscular Reference Center, Department of Paediatrics, University and University Hospital of Liege, Belgium; Royal Hospital for Children (AM), Bristol; Royal Manchester Children's Hospital (IH); University Hospitals Birmingham (DP), United Kingdom; Evelina London Children's Hospital (VLG), London, UK; Departments of Neurology and Pediatrics (DCDV), Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York; Department of Neurology (BTD), Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Department of Neurology (JWD), Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA; Department of Paediatrics The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia (OM, ZZ-C), Philadelphia, PA; Nemours Children's Hospital (RSF), University of Central Florida College of Medicine, Orlando; St. Jude Children's Research Hospital (RSF), Memphis, TN; and NIHR Great Ormond Street Hospital Biomedical Research Centre (FM), London, United Kingdom
| | - Darryl C De Vivo
- Dubowitz Neuromuscular Centre (FT, HW, MS, AR, MLM, GB, FM), UCL Institute of Child Health & Great Ormond Street Hospital, London; Department Paediatric Neuroscience Evelina London Children's Hospital and Department Paediatric Respiratory Medicine (FT), Royal Brompton Hospital, Guy's and St Thomas NHS Trust London, United Kingdom; Pediatric Neurology and Muscular Diseases Unit (FT), IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genova and Department of Neurosciences, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health (DiNOGMI), University of Genoa, Italy; Population (DR), Policy and Practice Programme, UCL GOS Institute of Child Health, London; Paediatric Neurology (GC, RDS, MP, MCP, EM), Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore; Centro Clinico Nemo (GC, RDS, MP, MCP, EM), Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy; Newcastle University and Newcastle Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust (AGM, CM-B), Newcastle Upon Tyne, United Kingdom; Department of Rehabilitation and Regenerative Medicine (JM), Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York; Neurorehabilitation Unit (VAS, EA), University of Milan, Neuromuscular Omnicentre Clinical Center, Niguarda Hospital; Unit of Neuromuscular and Neurodegenerative Disorders (ADA, ESB), Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital IRCCS, Rome; Center of Experimental and Translational Myology (CB), IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genoa and Department of Neurosciences, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health (DiNOGMI), University of Genoa; Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine and Centro Clinico Nemo Sud (SSM), University of Messina, Italy; Leeds Children Hospital (A-MC); The Robert Jones and Agnes Hunt Orthopaedic Hospital (TW), Oswestry; Sheffield Children's Hospital (MTO, LS); MDUK Oxford Neuromuscular Centre & NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre (LS), University of Oxford, United Kingdom; Neuromuscular Reference Center, Department of Paediatrics, University and University Hospital of Liege, Belgium; Royal Hospital for Children (AM), Bristol; Royal Manchester Children's Hospital (IH); University Hospitals Birmingham (DP), United Kingdom; Evelina London Children's Hospital (VLG), London, UK; Departments of Neurology and Pediatrics (DCDV), Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York; Department of Neurology (BTD), Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Department of Neurology (JWD), Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA; Department of Paediatrics The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia (OM, ZZ-C), Philadelphia, PA; Nemours Children's Hospital (RSF), University of Central Florida College of Medicine, Orlando; St. Jude Children's Research Hospital (RSF), Memphis, TN; and NIHR Great Ormond Street Hospital Biomedical Research Centre (FM), London, United Kingdom
| | - Basil T Darras
- Dubowitz Neuromuscular Centre (FT, HW, MS, AR, MLM, GB, FM), UCL Institute of Child Health & Great Ormond Street Hospital, London; Department Paediatric Neuroscience Evelina London Children's Hospital and Department Paediatric Respiratory Medicine (FT), Royal Brompton Hospital, Guy's and St Thomas NHS Trust London, United Kingdom; Pediatric Neurology and Muscular Diseases Unit (FT), IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genova and Department of Neurosciences, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health (DiNOGMI), University of Genoa, Italy; Population (DR), Policy and Practice Programme, UCL GOS Institute of Child Health, London; Paediatric Neurology (GC, RDS, MP, MCP, EM), Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore; Centro Clinico Nemo (GC, RDS, MP, MCP, EM), Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy; Newcastle University and Newcastle Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust (AGM, CM-B), Newcastle Upon Tyne, United Kingdom; Department of Rehabilitation and Regenerative Medicine (JM), Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York; Neurorehabilitation Unit (VAS, EA), University of Milan, Neuromuscular Omnicentre Clinical Center, Niguarda Hospital; Unit of Neuromuscular and Neurodegenerative Disorders (ADA, ESB), Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital IRCCS, Rome; Center of Experimental and Translational Myology (CB), IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genoa and Department of Neurosciences, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health (DiNOGMI), University of Genoa; Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine and Centro Clinico Nemo Sud (SSM), University of Messina, Italy; Leeds Children Hospital (A-MC); The Robert Jones and Agnes Hunt Orthopaedic Hospital (TW), Oswestry; Sheffield Children's Hospital (MTO, LS); MDUK Oxford Neuromuscular Centre & NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre (LS), University of Oxford, United Kingdom; Neuromuscular Reference Center, Department of Paediatrics, University and University Hospital of Liege, Belgium; Royal Hospital for Children (AM), Bristol; Royal Manchester Children's Hospital (IH); University Hospitals Birmingham (DP), United Kingdom; Evelina London Children's Hospital (VLG), London, UK; Departments of Neurology and Pediatrics (DCDV), Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York; Department of Neurology (BTD), Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Department of Neurology (JWD), Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA; Department of Paediatrics The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia (OM, ZZ-C), Philadelphia, PA; Nemours Children's Hospital (RSF), University of Central Florida College of Medicine, Orlando; St. Jude Children's Research Hospital (RSF), Memphis, TN; and NIHR Great Ormond Street Hospital Biomedical Research Centre (FM), London, United Kingdom
| | - John W Day
- Dubowitz Neuromuscular Centre (FT, HW, MS, AR, MLM, GB, FM), UCL Institute of Child Health & Great Ormond Street Hospital, London; Department Paediatric Neuroscience Evelina London Children's Hospital and Department Paediatric Respiratory Medicine (FT), Royal Brompton Hospital, Guy's and St Thomas NHS Trust London, United Kingdom; Pediatric Neurology and Muscular Diseases Unit (FT), IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genova and Department of Neurosciences, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health (DiNOGMI), University of Genoa, Italy; Population (DR), Policy and Practice Programme, UCL GOS Institute of Child Health, London; Paediatric Neurology (GC, RDS, MP, MCP, EM), Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore; Centro Clinico Nemo (GC, RDS, MP, MCP, EM), Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy; Newcastle University and Newcastle Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust (AGM, CM-B), Newcastle Upon Tyne, United Kingdom; Department of Rehabilitation and Regenerative Medicine (JM), Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York; Neurorehabilitation Unit (VAS, EA), University of Milan, Neuromuscular Omnicentre Clinical Center, Niguarda Hospital; Unit of Neuromuscular and Neurodegenerative Disorders (ADA, ESB), Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital IRCCS, Rome; Center of Experimental and Translational Myology (CB), IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genoa and Department of Neurosciences, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health (DiNOGMI), University of Genoa; Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine and Centro Clinico Nemo Sud (SSM), University of Messina, Italy; Leeds Children Hospital (A-MC); The Robert Jones and Agnes Hunt Orthopaedic Hospital (TW), Oswestry; Sheffield Children's Hospital (MTO, LS); MDUK Oxford Neuromuscular Centre & NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre (LS), University of Oxford, United Kingdom; Neuromuscular Reference Center, Department of Paediatrics, University and University Hospital of Liege, Belgium; Royal Hospital for Children (AM), Bristol; Royal Manchester Children's Hospital (IH); University Hospitals Birmingham (DP), United Kingdom; Evelina London Children's Hospital (VLG), London, UK; Departments of Neurology and Pediatrics (DCDV), Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York; Department of Neurology (BTD), Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Department of Neurology (JWD), Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA; Department of Paediatrics The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia (OM, ZZ-C), Philadelphia, PA; Nemours Children's Hospital (RSF), University of Central Florida College of Medicine, Orlando; St. Jude Children's Research Hospital (RSF), Memphis, TN; and NIHR Great Ormond Street Hospital Biomedical Research Centre (FM), London, United Kingdom
| | - Oscar Mayer
- Dubowitz Neuromuscular Centre (FT, HW, MS, AR, MLM, GB, FM), UCL Institute of Child Health & Great Ormond Street Hospital, London; Department Paediatric Neuroscience Evelina London Children's Hospital and Department Paediatric Respiratory Medicine (FT), Royal Brompton Hospital, Guy's and St Thomas NHS Trust London, United Kingdom; Pediatric Neurology and Muscular Diseases Unit (FT), IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genova and Department of Neurosciences, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health (DiNOGMI), University of Genoa, Italy; Population (DR), Policy and Practice Programme, UCL GOS Institute of Child Health, London; Paediatric Neurology (GC, RDS, MP, MCP, EM), Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore; Centro Clinico Nemo (GC, RDS, MP, MCP, EM), Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy; Newcastle University and Newcastle Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust (AGM, CM-B), Newcastle Upon Tyne, United Kingdom; Department of Rehabilitation and Regenerative Medicine (JM), Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York; Neurorehabilitation Unit (VAS, EA), University of Milan, Neuromuscular Omnicentre Clinical Center, Niguarda Hospital; Unit of Neuromuscular and Neurodegenerative Disorders (ADA, ESB), Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital IRCCS, Rome; Center of Experimental and Translational Myology (CB), IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genoa and Department of Neurosciences, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health (DiNOGMI), University of Genoa; Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine and Centro Clinico Nemo Sud (SSM), University of Messina, Italy; Leeds Children Hospital (A-MC); The Robert Jones and Agnes Hunt Orthopaedic Hospital (TW), Oswestry; Sheffield Children's Hospital (MTO, LS); MDUK Oxford Neuromuscular Centre & NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre (LS), University of Oxford, United Kingdom; Neuromuscular Reference Center, Department of Paediatrics, University and University Hospital of Liege, Belgium; Royal Hospital for Children (AM), Bristol; Royal Manchester Children's Hospital (IH); University Hospitals Birmingham (DP), United Kingdom; Evelina London Children's Hospital (VLG), London, UK; Departments of Neurology and Pediatrics (DCDV), Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York; Department of Neurology (BTD), Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Department of Neurology (JWD), Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA; Department of Paediatrics The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia (OM, ZZ-C), Philadelphia, PA; Nemours Children's Hospital (RSF), University of Central Florida College of Medicine, Orlando; St. Jude Children's Research Hospital (RSF), Memphis, TN; and NIHR Great Ormond Street Hospital Biomedical Research Centre (FM), London, United Kingdom
| | - Zarazuela Zolkipli-Cunningham
- Dubowitz Neuromuscular Centre (FT, HW, MS, AR, MLM, GB, FM), UCL Institute of Child Health & Great Ormond Street Hospital, London; Department Paediatric Neuroscience Evelina London Children's Hospital and Department Paediatric Respiratory Medicine (FT), Royal Brompton Hospital, Guy's and St Thomas NHS Trust London, United Kingdom; Pediatric Neurology and Muscular Diseases Unit (FT), IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genova and Department of Neurosciences, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health (DiNOGMI), University of Genoa, Italy; Population (DR), Policy and Practice Programme, UCL GOS Institute of Child Health, London; Paediatric Neurology (GC, RDS, MP, MCP, EM), Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore; Centro Clinico Nemo (GC, RDS, MP, MCP, EM), Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy; Newcastle University and Newcastle Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust (AGM, CM-B), Newcastle Upon Tyne, United Kingdom; Department of Rehabilitation and Regenerative Medicine (JM), Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York; Neurorehabilitation Unit (VAS, EA), University of Milan, Neuromuscular Omnicentre Clinical Center, Niguarda Hospital; Unit of Neuromuscular and Neurodegenerative Disorders (ADA, ESB), Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital IRCCS, Rome; Center of Experimental and Translational Myology (CB), IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genoa and Department of Neurosciences, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health (DiNOGMI), University of Genoa; Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine and Centro Clinico Nemo Sud (SSM), University of Messina, Italy; Leeds Children Hospital (A-MC); The Robert Jones and Agnes Hunt Orthopaedic Hospital (TW), Oswestry; Sheffield Children's Hospital (MTO, LS); MDUK Oxford Neuromuscular Centre & NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre (LS), University of Oxford, United Kingdom; Neuromuscular Reference Center, Department of Paediatrics, University and University Hospital of Liege, Belgium; Royal Hospital for Children (AM), Bristol; Royal Manchester Children's Hospital (IH); University Hospitals Birmingham (DP), United Kingdom; Evelina London Children's Hospital (VLG), London, UK; Departments of Neurology and Pediatrics (DCDV), Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York; Department of Neurology (BTD), Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Department of Neurology (JWD), Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA; Department of Paediatrics The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia (OM, ZZ-C), Philadelphia, PA; Nemours Children's Hospital (RSF), University of Central Florida College of Medicine, Orlando; St. Jude Children's Research Hospital (RSF), Memphis, TN; and NIHR Great Ormond Street Hospital Biomedical Research Centre (FM), London, United Kingdom
| | - Richard S Finkel
- Dubowitz Neuromuscular Centre (FT, HW, MS, AR, MLM, GB, FM), UCL Institute of Child Health & Great Ormond Street Hospital, London; Department Paediatric Neuroscience Evelina London Children's Hospital and Department Paediatric Respiratory Medicine (FT), Royal Brompton Hospital, Guy's and St Thomas NHS Trust London, United Kingdom; Pediatric Neurology and Muscular Diseases Unit (FT), IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genova and Department of Neurosciences, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health (DiNOGMI), University of Genoa, Italy; Population (DR), Policy and Practice Programme, UCL GOS Institute of Child Health, London; Paediatric Neurology (GC, RDS, MP, MCP, EM), Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore; Centro Clinico Nemo (GC, RDS, MP, MCP, EM), Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy; Newcastle University and Newcastle Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust (AGM, CM-B), Newcastle Upon Tyne, United Kingdom; Department of Rehabilitation and Regenerative Medicine (JM), Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York; Neurorehabilitation Unit (VAS, EA), University of Milan, Neuromuscular Omnicentre Clinical Center, Niguarda Hospital; Unit of Neuromuscular and Neurodegenerative Disorders (ADA, ESB), Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital IRCCS, Rome; Center of Experimental and Translational Myology (CB), IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genoa and Department of Neurosciences, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health (DiNOGMI), University of Genoa; Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine and Centro Clinico Nemo Sud (SSM), University of Messina, Italy; Leeds Children Hospital (A-MC); The Robert Jones and Agnes Hunt Orthopaedic Hospital (TW), Oswestry; Sheffield Children's Hospital (MTO, LS); MDUK Oxford Neuromuscular Centre & NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre (LS), University of Oxford, United Kingdom; Neuromuscular Reference Center, Department of Paediatrics, University and University Hospital of Liege, Belgium; Royal Hospital for Children (AM), Bristol; Royal Manchester Children's Hospital (IH); University Hospitals Birmingham (DP), United Kingdom; Evelina London Children's Hospital (VLG), London, UK; Departments of Neurology and Pediatrics (DCDV), Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York; Department of Neurology (BTD), Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Department of Neurology (JWD), Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA; Department of Paediatrics The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia (OM, ZZ-C), Philadelphia, PA; Nemours Children's Hospital (RSF), University of Central Florida College of Medicine, Orlando; St. Jude Children's Research Hospital (RSF), Memphis, TN; and NIHR Great Ormond Street Hospital Biomedical Research Centre (FM), London, United Kingdom
| | - Eugenio Mercuri
- Dubowitz Neuromuscular Centre (FT, HW, MS, AR, MLM, GB, FM), UCL Institute of Child Health & Great Ormond Street Hospital, London; Department Paediatric Neuroscience Evelina London Children's Hospital and Department Paediatric Respiratory Medicine (FT), Royal Brompton Hospital, Guy's and St Thomas NHS Trust London, United Kingdom; Pediatric Neurology and Muscular Diseases Unit (FT), IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genova and Department of Neurosciences, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health (DiNOGMI), University of Genoa, Italy; Population (DR), Policy and Practice Programme, UCL GOS Institute of Child Health, London; Paediatric Neurology (GC, RDS, MP, MCP, EM), Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore; Centro Clinico Nemo (GC, RDS, MP, MCP, EM), Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy; Newcastle University and Newcastle Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust (AGM, CM-B), Newcastle Upon Tyne, United Kingdom; Department of Rehabilitation and Regenerative Medicine (JM), Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York; Neurorehabilitation Unit (VAS, EA), University of Milan, Neuromuscular Omnicentre Clinical Center, Niguarda Hospital; Unit of Neuromuscular and Neurodegenerative Disorders (ADA, ESB), Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital IRCCS, Rome; Center of Experimental and Translational Myology (CB), IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genoa and Department of Neurosciences, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health (DiNOGMI), University of Genoa; Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine and Centro Clinico Nemo Sud (SSM), University of Messina, Italy; Leeds Children Hospital (A-MC); The Robert Jones and Agnes Hunt Orthopaedic Hospital (TW), Oswestry; Sheffield Children's Hospital (MTO, LS); MDUK Oxford Neuromuscular Centre & NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre (LS), University of Oxford, United Kingdom; Neuromuscular Reference Center, Department of Paediatrics, University and University Hospital of Liege, Belgium; Royal Hospital for Children (AM), Bristol; Royal Manchester Children's Hospital (IH); University Hospitals Birmingham (DP), United Kingdom; Evelina London Children's Hospital (VLG), London, UK; Departments of Neurology and Pediatrics (DCDV), Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York; Department of Neurology (BTD), Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Department of Neurology (JWD), Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA; Department of Paediatrics The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia (OM, ZZ-C), Philadelphia, PA; Nemours Children's Hospital (RSF), University of Central Florida College of Medicine, Orlando; St. Jude Children's Research Hospital (RSF), Memphis, TN; and NIHR Great Ormond Street Hospital Biomedical Research Centre (FM), London, United Kingdom
| | - Francesco Muntoni
- Dubowitz Neuromuscular Centre (FT, HW, MS, AR, MLM, GB, FM), UCL Institute of Child Health & Great Ormond Street Hospital, London; Department Paediatric Neuroscience Evelina London Children's Hospital and Department Paediatric Respiratory Medicine (FT), Royal Brompton Hospital, Guy's and St Thomas NHS Trust London, United Kingdom; Pediatric Neurology and Muscular Diseases Unit (FT), IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genova and Department of Neurosciences, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health (DiNOGMI), University of Genoa, Italy; Population (DR), Policy and Practice Programme, UCL GOS Institute of Child Health, London; Paediatric Neurology (GC, RDS, MP, MCP, EM), Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore; Centro Clinico Nemo (GC, RDS, MP, MCP, EM), Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy; Newcastle University and Newcastle Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust (AGM, CM-B), Newcastle Upon Tyne, United Kingdom; Department of Rehabilitation and Regenerative Medicine (JM), Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York; Neurorehabilitation Unit (VAS, EA), University of Milan, Neuromuscular Omnicentre Clinical Center, Niguarda Hospital; Unit of Neuromuscular and Neurodegenerative Disorders (ADA, ESB), Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital IRCCS, Rome; Center of Experimental and Translational Myology (CB), IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genoa and Department of Neurosciences, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health (DiNOGMI), University of Genoa; Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine and Centro Clinico Nemo Sud (SSM), University of Messina, Italy; Leeds Children Hospital (A-MC); The Robert Jones and Agnes Hunt Orthopaedic Hospital (TW), Oswestry; Sheffield Children's Hospital (MTO, LS); MDUK Oxford Neuromuscular Centre & NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre (LS), University of Oxford, United Kingdom; Neuromuscular Reference Center, Department of Paediatrics, University and University Hospital of Liege, Belgium; Royal Hospital for Children (AM), Bristol; Royal Manchester Children's Hospital (IH); University Hospitals Birmingham (DP), United Kingdom; Evelina London Children's Hospital (VLG), London, UK; Departments of Neurology and Pediatrics (DCDV), Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York; Department of Neurology (BTD), Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Department of Neurology (JWD), Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA; Department of Paediatrics The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia (OM, ZZ-C), Philadelphia, PA; Nemours Children's Hospital (RSF), University of Central Florida College of Medicine, Orlando; St. Jude Children's Research Hospital (RSF), Memphis, TN; and NIHR Great Ormond Street Hospital Biomedical Research Centre (FM), London, United Kingdom
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8
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Racca F, Longhitano Y, Zanza C, Draisci G, Stoia PA, Gollo E, Maio M, Grattarola C, Astuto M, Vaschetto R, Sansone VAM, Conti G, Gregoretti C. Peri-Partum respiratory management in neuro-muscular disorders (IT-NEUMA-Pregn study): A proposal by an italian panel and a call for an international collaboration. Pulmonology 2024; 30:210-213. [PMID: 36907810 DOI: 10.1016/j.pulmoe.2023.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2022] [Revised: 01/18/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/12/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- F Racca
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Azienda Ospedaliera SS, Antonio e Biagio e Cesare Arrigo, Via Venezia, 16, 15121 Alessandria, Italy, EU
| | - Y Longhitano
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States of America
| | - C Zanza
- Department of Integrated Research and Innovation Activities, Service of Translational Medicine, AON SS. Antonio e Biagio e Cesare Arrigo H, Alessandria, Italy.
| | - G Draisci
- Institute of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - P A Stoia
- Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Unit, ASST Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Niguarda Ca'Granda, Milan, Italy
| | - E Gollo
- Department of Anesthesiology, Intensive Care A.O.U, Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino C.so Bramante 88/90, 10126 Torino, Italy
| | - M Maio
- Department of Anesthesiology, Intensive Care A.O.U, Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino C.so Bramante 88/90, 10126 Torino, Italy
| | - C Grattarola
- Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Unit, Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genova, Italy
| | - M Astuto
- Dipartimento Chirurgia Generale e Specialità Medico Chirurgiche, A.O.Universitaria "Policlinico-Vittorio Emanuele", Università degli Studi di Catania, Italy
| | - R Vaschetto
- Department of Translational Medicine, University of Eastern Piedmont, Novara, Italy
| | - V A M Sansone
- The NEMO Clinical Center in Milan, Neurorehabilitation Unit, University of Milan, ERN for Neuromuscular Diseases, Milano, Italy
| | - G Conti
- Institute of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - C Gregoretti
- Department of Surgical, Oncological and Oral Science (Di.Chir.On.S.), University of Palermo, Italy; Fondazione Istituto "G. Giglio" Cefalù, Palermo, Italy
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9
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Childs AM, Turner C, Astin R, Bianchi S, Bourke J, Cunningham V, Edel L, Edwards C, Farrant P, Heraghty J, James M, Massey C, Messer B, Michel Sodhi J, Murphy PB, Schiava M, Thomas A, Trucco F, Guglieri M. Development of respiratory care guidelines for Duchenne muscular dystrophy in the UK: key recommendations for clinical practice. Thorax 2024; 79:476-485. [PMID: 38123347 DOI: 10.1136/thorax-2023-220811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2023] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
Significant inconsistencies in respiratory care provision for Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) are reported across different specialist neuromuscular centres in the UK. The absence of robust clinical evidence and expert consensus is a barrier to the implementation of care recommendations in public healthcare systems as is the need to increase awareness of key aspects of care for those living with DMD. Here, we provide evidenced-based and/or consensus-based best practice for the respiratory care of children and adults living with DMD in the UK, both as part of routine care and in an emergency. METHODOLOGY Initiated by an expert working group of UK-based respiratory physicians (including British Thoracic Society (BTS) representatives), neuromuscular clinicians, physiotherapist and patient representatives, draft guidelines were created based on published evidence, current practice and expert opinion. After wider consultation with UK respiratory teams and neuromuscular services, consensus was achieved on these best practice recommendations for respiratory care in DMD. RESULT The resulting recommendations are presented in the form of a flow chart for assessment and monitoring, with additional guidance and a separate chart setting out key considerations for emergency management. The recommendations have been endorsed by the BTS. CONCLUSIONS These guidelines provide practical, reasoned recommendations for all those managing day-to-day and acute respiratory care in children and adults with DMD. The hope is that this will support patients and healthcare professionals in accessing high standards of care across the UK.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne-Marie Childs
- Department of Paediatric Neurosciences, Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Leeds, UK
| | - Catherine Turner
- John Walton Muscular Dystrophy Research Centre, Newcastle University Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Ronan Astin
- Division of Medical Specialties, University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Stephen Bianchi
- Academic Department of Respiratory Medicine, Sheffield Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Sheffield, UK
| | - John Bourke
- John Walton Muscular Dystrophy Research Centre, Newcastle University Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
- Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | | | - Lisa Edel
- Respiratory Neuromuscular Physiotherapy, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Christopher Edwards
- Leeds Centre for Children's Respiratory Medicine, Leeds Children's Hospital, Leeds General Infirmary, Leeds, UK
| | | | - Jane Heraghty
- Department of Paediatrics, Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Meredith James
- John Walton Muscular Dystrophy Research Centre, Newcastle University Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
- Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Charlotte Massey
- Queen Square Centre for Neuromuscular Diseases, University College London NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
- Institute for Translational Neuroscience, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Ben Messer
- North East Assisted Ventilation Service, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Jassi Michel Sodhi
- John Walton Muscular Dystrophy Research Centre, Newcastle University Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
- Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Patrick Brian Murphy
- Lane Fox Respiratory Unit, Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
- Centre for Human and Applied Physiological Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Marianela Schiava
- John Walton Muscular Dystrophy Research Centre, Newcastle University Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
- Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Ajit Thomas
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Royal Stoke University Hospital, Stoke-on-Trent, UK
| | - Federica Trucco
- Dubowitz Neuromuscular Centre, University College London, London, UK
- Paediatric Respiratory Medicine, Royal Brompton Hospital, London, UK
| | - Michela Guglieri
- John Walton Muscular Dystrophy Research Centre, Newcastle University Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
- Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
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10
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Pandit C, Kennedy B, Waters K, Young H, Jones K, Fitzgerald DA. Can postural changes in spirometry in children with Duchenne muscular dystrophy predict sleep hypoventilation? Paediatr Respir Rev 2024; 49:9-13. [PMID: 37696714 DOI: 10.1016/j.prrv.2023.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2023] [Accepted: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 09/13/2023]
Abstract
AIM To explore the relationship between postural changes in lung function and polysomnography (PSG) in children with Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD). METHODS In this prospective cross-sectional study, children with DMD performed spirometry in sitting and supine positions. A control group of age and gender matched healthy children also underwent postural lung function testing. PSG was performed within six months of spirometry. RESULTS Seventeen children with DMD, aged 12.3 ± 3 years performed sitting spirometry. 14 (84%) performed acceptable spirometry in the supine position. Mean FEV1sit and FVCsit were 77% (SD ± 22) and 74% (SD ± 20.4) respectively, with mean% ΔFVC(sit-sup) 9% (SD ± 11) (range 2% to 20%), and was significantly greater than healthy controls 4% (n = 30, SD ± 3, P < 0.001). PSG data on the 14 DMD children with acceptable supine spirometry showed total AHI 6.9 ± 5.9/hour (0.3 to 29), obstructive AHI 5.2 ± 4.0/hour (0.2 to 10), and REM AHI 14.1 ± -5.3/hour (0.1 to 34.7). ΔFVC(sit-sup) had poor correlation with hypoventilation on polysomnography. CONCLUSION Children with DMD and mild restrictive lung disease showed greater postural changes in spirometry than healthy controls but lower supine spirometry was not predictive of sleep hypoventilation.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Pandit
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Sydney, NSW, Australia; Discipline of Child and Adolescent Health, Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
| | - B Kennedy
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - K Waters
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Sydney, NSW, Australia; Discipline of Child and Adolescent Health, Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - H Young
- Discipline of Child and Adolescent Health, Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia; Neurogenetics Service, The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - K Jones
- Discipline of Child and Adolescent Health, Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia; Neurogenetics Service, The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - D A Fitzgerald
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Sydney, NSW, Australia; Discipline of Child and Adolescent Health, Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
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11
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Kolumbán E, Szabados M, Hernádfői M, Nguyen Do To U, Nagy R, Zolcsák Á, Müller KE, Sipos Z, Veres DS, Szőllősi A, Hegyi P, Garami M, Túri I. Supplementary Respiratory Therapy Improves Pulmonary Function in Pediatric Patients with Cerebral Palsy: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. J Clin Med 2024; 13:888. [PMID: 38337582 PMCID: PMC10856351 DOI: 10.3390/jcm13030888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2023] [Revised: 01/24/2024] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite medical advances, individuals with cerebral palsy (CP) face significant respiratory challenges, leading to heightened hospitalization rates and early mortality among this population. We hypothesize that integrating supplementary respiratory therapy into standard rehabilitation will result in significant improvements in pulmonary function, enhanced respiratory muscle strength, and an overall increase in the quality of life among pediatric patients with CP. METHODS A systematic search of literature across five databases was conducted, and random-effects meta-analyses were performed to assess the impact of supplementary respiratory therapy on (a) pulmonary function: forced vital capacity (FVC), forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1), FVC/FEV1 ratio, peak expiratory flow (PEF), and (b) respiratory muscle strength: maximal inspiratory and expiratory pressure (MIP, MEP), and (c) quality of life. Certainty of evidence was determined by the GRADE assessment. RESULTS Analysis of data from 11 eligible randomized controlled trials revealed clinically meaningful changes in pulmonary function. We found a relevant mean difference (MD) in absolute PEF of 0.50 L/s (95% confidence interval (CI): 0.19; 0.82 p = 0.0107). The certainty of the evidence ranged from moderate to high. CONCLUSIONS This study presents current evidence on the impact of various supplementary respiratory therapies for CP patients classified under gross motor function classification level I-IV, demonstrating clinically meaningful improvements in pulmonary function and respiratory muscle strength. These improvements suggest the potential for an enhanced quality of life. Our findings hold the promise of serving as a foundational reference for potential revisions to conventional rehabilitation care, incorporating supplementary respiratory therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erika Kolumbán
- Centre for Translational Medicine, Semmelweis University, 1094 Budapest, Hungary (M.H.); (R.N.); (Á.Z.); (D.S.V.); (P.H.); (M.G.); (I.T.)
- András Pető Faculty, Semmelweis University, 1125 Budapest, Hungary;
| | - Márton Szabados
- Centre for Translational Medicine, Semmelweis University, 1094 Budapest, Hungary (M.H.); (R.N.); (Á.Z.); (D.S.V.); (P.H.); (M.G.); (I.T.)
- Pediatric Center, Semmelweis University, 1083 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Márk Hernádfői
- Centre for Translational Medicine, Semmelweis University, 1094 Budapest, Hungary (M.H.); (R.N.); (Á.Z.); (D.S.V.); (P.H.); (M.G.); (I.T.)
- Bethesda Children’s Hospital, 1146 Budapest, Hungary;
| | | | - Rita Nagy
- Centre for Translational Medicine, Semmelweis University, 1094 Budapest, Hungary (M.H.); (R.N.); (Á.Z.); (D.S.V.); (P.H.); (M.G.); (I.T.)
- Heim Pál National Pediatric Institute, 1089 Budapest, Hungary;
- Institute for Translational Medicine, Medical School, University of Pécs, 7624 Pécs, Hungary;
| | - Ádám Zolcsák
- Centre for Translational Medicine, Semmelweis University, 1094 Budapest, Hungary (M.H.); (R.N.); (Á.Z.); (D.S.V.); (P.H.); (M.G.); (I.T.)
- Department of Biophysics and Radiation Biology, Semmelweis University, 1089 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Katalin Eszter Müller
- Heim Pál National Pediatric Institute, 1089 Budapest, Hungary;
- Institute for Translational Medicine, Medical School, University of Pécs, 7624 Pécs, Hungary;
- Department of Family Care Methodology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Semmelweis University, 1088 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Zoltán Sipos
- Institute for Translational Medicine, Medical School, University of Pécs, 7624 Pécs, Hungary;
- Institute of Bioanalysis, Medical School, University of Pécs, 7624 Pécs, Hungary
| | - Dániel Sándor Veres
- Centre for Translational Medicine, Semmelweis University, 1094 Budapest, Hungary (M.H.); (R.N.); (Á.Z.); (D.S.V.); (P.H.); (M.G.); (I.T.)
- Department of Biophysics and Radiation Biology, Semmelweis University, 1089 Budapest, Hungary
| | | | - Péter Hegyi
- Centre for Translational Medicine, Semmelweis University, 1094 Budapest, Hungary (M.H.); (R.N.); (Á.Z.); (D.S.V.); (P.H.); (M.G.); (I.T.)
- Institute for Translational Medicine, Medical School, University of Pécs, 7624 Pécs, Hungary;
- Institute of Pancreatic Diseases, Semmelweis University, 1085 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Miklós Garami
- Centre for Translational Medicine, Semmelweis University, 1094 Budapest, Hungary (M.H.); (R.N.); (Á.Z.); (D.S.V.); (P.H.); (M.G.); (I.T.)
- Pediatric Center, Semmelweis University, 1083 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Ibolya Túri
- Centre for Translational Medicine, Semmelweis University, 1094 Budapest, Hungary (M.H.); (R.N.); (Á.Z.); (D.S.V.); (P.H.); (M.G.); (I.T.)
- András Pető Faculty, Semmelweis University, 1125 Budapest, Hungary;
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12
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Kooi-van Es M, Erasmus CE, Voet NBM, van den Engel-Hoek L, van der Wees PJ. Best practice recommendations for speech-language pathology in children with neuromuscular disorders: A Delphi-based consensus study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SPEECH-LANGUAGE PATHOLOGY 2024; 26:45-58. [PMID: 36896919 DOI: 10.1080/17549507.2023.2181224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Speech-language pathology (SLP) is considered an essential intervention due to the high prevalence of dysphagia and dysarthria in paediatric neuromuscular disorders (pNMD). Evidence-based guidelines for SLP in pNMD are missing and children could be deprived the best of care. This study aimed to achieve consensus and present best practice recommendations on SLP intervention in pNMD. METHOD A modified Delphi technique was used with a panel of experienced Dutch speech-language pathologists. In two online survey rounds and a face-to-face consensus meeting, the SLP experts proposed intervention items for cases of four types of pNMD (congenital myopathy, Duchenne muscular dystrophy, myotonic dystrophy type 1, and spinal muscular atrophy type 2), covering symptoms of dysphagia, dysarthria, drooling, and oral hygiene problems. They rated the level of agreement. RESULT Intervention items that achieved consensus were incorporated into best practice recommendations. These recommendations cover six core intervention components (wait and see, explanation and advice, training and treatment, aids and adjustments, referral to other disciplines, and monitoring) suitable for the described symptoms. CONCLUSION Insight into treatment options is essential to facilitate speech-language pathologists in clinical decision-making. The current study led to best practice recommendations for speech-language pathologists working within the field of pNMD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mieke Kooi-van Es
- Rehabilitation Centre Klimmendaal, Arnhem, The Netherlands
- Department of Rehabilitation, Radboud University Medical Centre, Radboud Institute for Health Sciences, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Corrie E Erasmus
- Radboud, University Medical Centre, Department of Pediatric Neurology, Amalia Children's Hospital, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Nicoline B M Voet
- Rehabilitation Centre Klimmendaal, Arnhem, The Netherlands
- Department of Rehabilitation, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands, and
| | | | - Philip J van der Wees
- Department of Rehabilitation and IQ Healthcare, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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13
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Ferati K, Bexheti-Ferati A, Palermo A, Pezzolla C, Trilli I, Sardano R, Latini G, Inchingolo AD, Inchingolo AM, Malcangi G, Inchingolo F, Dipalma G, Mancini A. Diagnosis and Orthodontic Treatment of Obstructive Sleep Apnea Syndrome Children-A Systematic Review. Diagnostics (Basel) 2024; 14:289. [PMID: 38337805 PMCID: PMC10855184 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics14030289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2023] [Revised: 01/04/2024] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) is a respiratory illness that is associated with recurrent episodes of either partial or full obstruction of the upper airways, or apnea, among other sleep disorders. This study aims to analyze, through a literature review, whether orthodontic treatment can be a good treatment strategy for this type of disorder. We performed a database search on Scopus, Web of Science, and Pubmed with the keywords OSA(S) and orthodontics to select the papers under evaluation. The criteria for inclusion were articles related to OSA(S) children undergoing an orthodontic treatment and clinical studies or case series, excluding systematic reviews, narrative reviews, meta-analyses, adult studies, animal models, and in vitro studies. The screening phase ended with the selection of 16 publications for this work. RME, or rapid maxillary expansion, turned out to be the preferred orthodontic treatment in cases of pediatric OSAS. The goal of this orthodontic procedure is to increase the hard palate's transverse diameter by reopening the mid-palatal suture. Children with maxillary contraction and dental malocclusion typically undergo such a procedure and have excellent results. However, OSAS is a multifactorial disorder; it does not seem related to the morphology of the oral cavity, and therefore, it is not always possible to cope with this problem exclusively through orthodontic treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenan Ferati
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Tetovo, 1220 Tetovo, North Macedonia; (K.F.); (A.B.-F.)
| | | | - Andrea Palermo
- College of Medicine and Dentistry, Birmingham B4 6BN, UK;
| | - Carmen Pezzolla
- Interdisciplinary Department of Medicine, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, 70124 Bari, Italy; (C.P.); (I.T.); (R.S.); (G.L.); (A.D.I.); (A.M.I.); (G.D.); (A.M.)
| | - Irma Trilli
- Interdisciplinary Department of Medicine, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, 70124 Bari, Italy; (C.P.); (I.T.); (R.S.); (G.L.); (A.D.I.); (A.M.I.); (G.D.); (A.M.)
| | - Roberta Sardano
- Interdisciplinary Department of Medicine, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, 70124 Bari, Italy; (C.P.); (I.T.); (R.S.); (G.L.); (A.D.I.); (A.M.I.); (G.D.); (A.M.)
| | - Giulia Latini
- Interdisciplinary Department of Medicine, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, 70124 Bari, Italy; (C.P.); (I.T.); (R.S.); (G.L.); (A.D.I.); (A.M.I.); (G.D.); (A.M.)
| | - Alessio Danilo Inchingolo
- Interdisciplinary Department of Medicine, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, 70124 Bari, Italy; (C.P.); (I.T.); (R.S.); (G.L.); (A.D.I.); (A.M.I.); (G.D.); (A.M.)
| | - Angelo Michele Inchingolo
- Interdisciplinary Department of Medicine, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, 70124 Bari, Italy; (C.P.); (I.T.); (R.S.); (G.L.); (A.D.I.); (A.M.I.); (G.D.); (A.M.)
| | - Giuseppina Malcangi
- Interdisciplinary Department of Medicine, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, 70124 Bari, Italy; (C.P.); (I.T.); (R.S.); (G.L.); (A.D.I.); (A.M.I.); (G.D.); (A.M.)
| | - Francesco Inchingolo
- Interdisciplinary Department of Medicine, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, 70124 Bari, Italy; (C.P.); (I.T.); (R.S.); (G.L.); (A.D.I.); (A.M.I.); (G.D.); (A.M.)
| | - Gianna Dipalma
- Interdisciplinary Department of Medicine, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, 70124 Bari, Italy; (C.P.); (I.T.); (R.S.); (G.L.); (A.D.I.); (A.M.I.); (G.D.); (A.M.)
| | - Antonio Mancini
- Interdisciplinary Department of Medicine, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, 70124 Bari, Italy; (C.P.); (I.T.); (R.S.); (G.L.); (A.D.I.); (A.M.I.); (G.D.); (A.M.)
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14
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D’Cruz RF, Hart N. A history of home mechanical ventilation: The past, present and future. Chron Respir Dis 2024; 21:14799731241240776. [PMID: 38512223 PMCID: PMC10958804 DOI: 10.1177/14799731241240776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2023] [Revised: 02/11/2024] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024] Open
Abstract
This state-of-the-art review provides an overview of the history of home mechanical ventilation (HMV), including early descriptions of mechanical ventilation from ancient and Renaissance perspectives and the mass development of ventilators designed for long-term use during the poliomyelitis epidemic. Seminal data from key clinical trials supports the application of HMV in certain patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, neuromuscular disease and obesity-related respiratory failure. Innovative engineering coupled with refined physiological understanding now permits widespread delivery of home mechanical ventilation to a global population, using portable devices with advanced ventilatory modes and telemonitoring capabilities. Exponential growth in digital technology continues, and ongoing research is needed to understand how to harness clinical and physiological data to benefit patients and healthcare services in a clinically- and cost-effective manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca F D’Cruz
- Lane Fox Clinical Respiratory Physiology Research Centre, Guy’s and St Thomas’ NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
- Centre for Human and Applied Physiological Sciences, King’s College London, London, UK
| | - Nicholas Hart
- Lane Fox Clinical Respiratory Physiology Research Centre, Guy’s and St Thomas’ NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
- Centre for Human and Applied Physiological Sciences, King’s College London, London, UK
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15
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Hov B, Andersen T, Toussaint M, Mikalsen IB, Vollsæter M, Brunborg C, Hovde M, Hovland V. Mechanically assisted cough strategies: user perspectives and cough flows in children with neurodisability. ERJ Open Res 2024; 10:00274-2023. [PMID: 38196892 PMCID: PMC10772903 DOI: 10.1183/23120541.00274-2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Mechanical insufflation-exsufflation (MI-E) is used to augment cough in children with neurodisability. We aimed to determine the user comfort and cough flows during three MI-E strategies, and to predict factors associated with improved comfort and cough flows. Methods This multicentre, crossover trial was done at four regional hospitals in Norway. Children with neurodisability using MI-E long term via mask were enrolled. In randomised order, they tested three MI-E setting strategies (in-/exsufflation pressure (cmH2O)/in (In)- versus exsufflation (Ex) time): 1) "A-symmetric" (±50/In=Ex); 2) "B-asymmetric" (+25- +30)/-40, In>Ex); and 3) "C-personalised", as set by their therapist. The primary outcomes were user-reported comfort on a visual analogue scale (VAS) (0=maximum comfort) and peak cough flows (PCF) (L·min-1) measured by a pneumotachograph in the MI-E circuit. Results We recruited 74 children median (IQR) age 8.1 (4.4-13.8) years, range 0.6-17.9, and analysed 218 MI-E sequences. The mean±sd VAS comfort scores were 4.7±2.96, 2.9±2.44 and 3.2±2.46 for strategies A, B and C, respectively (A versus B and C, p<0.001). The mean±sd PCF registered during strategies A, B and C were 203±46.87, 166±46.05 and 171±49.74 L·min-1, respectively (A versus B and C, p<0.001). Using low inspiratory flow predicted improved comfort. Age and unassisted cough flows increased exsufflation flows. Conclusions An asymmetric or personalised MI-E strategy resulted in better comfort scores, but lower PCF than a symmetric approach utilising high pressures. All three strategies generated cough flows above therapeutic thresholds and were rated as slightly to moderately uncomfortable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brit Hov
- Division of Paediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Tiina Andersen
- Norwegian Advisory Unit on Long-term Mechanical Ventilation, Thoracic Department, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
- The Faculty of Health and Social Sciences, Western Norway University of Applied Science, Bergen, Norway
| | - Michel Toussaint
- Centre de Référence Neuromusculaire, Department of Neurology, CUB Hôpital Erasme, Hôpital Universitaire de Bruxelles, Université libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Ingvild B. Mikalsen
- Department of Paediatric Medicine, Stavanger University Hospital, Stavanger, Norway
- Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen,Bergen, Norway
| | - Maria Vollsæter
- Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen,Bergen, Norway
- Department of Paediatrics, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Cathrine Brunborg
- Oslo Centre for Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Mathea Hovde
- Clinic of Rehabilitation, St Olavs Hospital, Trondheim University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Vegard Hovland
- Division of Paediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
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16
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Hawkins R, Morton R, Eid N, Bickel S. Impulse Oscillometry: Where Are We Now? PEDIATRIC ALLERGY, IMMUNOLOGY, AND PULMONOLOGY 2023; 36:127-129. [PMID: 38134317 DOI: 10.1089/ped.2023.0149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Rose Hawkins
- Division of Pulmonology, Allergy and Immunology, University of Louisville, Norton Children's and University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, Kentucky, USA
| | - Ronald Morton
- Division of Pulmonology, Allergy and Immunology, University of Louisville, Norton Children's and University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, Kentucky, USA
| | - Nemr Eid
- Division of Pulmonology, Allergy and Immunology, University of Louisville, Norton Children's and University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, Kentucky, USA
| | - Scott Bickel
- Division of Pulmonology, Allergy and Immunology, University of Louisville, Norton Children's and University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, Kentucky, USA
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17
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Bedi PK, DeHaan K, Ofosu D, Olmstead D, MacLean JE, Castro-Codesal M. Predictors of NIV-related adverse events in children using long-term noninvasive ventilation. Pediatr Pulmonol 2023; 58:3549-3559. [PMID: 37701936 DOI: 10.1002/ppul.26689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Revised: 08/10/2023] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 09/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES An increasing number of children with diverse medical conditions are using long-term noninvasive ventilation (NIV). This study examined the impact of demographic, clinical, and technology-related factors on long-term NIV adverse events in a large cohort of children using long-term NIV. METHODS This was a multicenter retrospective review of all children who initiated long-term NIV in the province of Alberta, Canada, from January 2005 to September 2014, and followed until December 2015. Inclusion criteria were children who had used NIV for 3 months or more and had at least one follow-up visit with the NIV programs. RESULTS We identified 507 children who initiated NIV at a median age of 7.5 (interquartile range: 8.6) years and 93% of them reported at least one NIV-related adverse event during the initial follow-up visit. Skin injury (20%) and unintentional air leaks (19%) were reported more frequently at the initial visit. Gastrointestinal symptoms, midface hypoplasia, increased drooling, aspiration and pneumothorax were rarely reported (<5%). Younger age and underlying conditions such as Down syndrome, achondroplasia, and Duchenne muscular dystrophy were early predictors of unintentional air leak. Younger age also predicted child sleep disruption in the short term and ongoing parental sleep disruption. Obesity was a risk factor for persistent nasal symptoms. Mask type was not a significant predictor for NIV-related short- or long-term complications. CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrates that NIV-related complications are frequent. Appropriate mask-fitting and headgear adaptation, and a proactive approach to early detection may help to reduce adverse events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prabhjot K Bedi
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
- Women & Children's Health Research Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Kristie DeHaan
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Daniel Ofosu
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | | | - Joanna E MacLean
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
- Women & Children's Health Research Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Maria Castro-Codesal
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
- Women & Children's Health Research Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
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18
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Racca F, Longhitano Y, Zanza C, Balzanelli MG, Draisci G, Stoia PA, Gollo E, Maio M, Grattarola C, Astuto M, Ciccarelli A, Racca G, Romenskaya T, Giordano B, Serraino A, Sansone VAM, Gregoretti C, Conti G, Piccolella F, Vaschetto R. Peri-partum respiratory management of pregnant women with neuro-muscular disorders: a prospective observational study (IT-NEUMA-Pregn study). BMC Anesthesiol 2023; 23:342. [PMID: 37833635 PMCID: PMC10571352 DOI: 10.1186/s12871-023-02307-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pregnant women with neuromuscular diseases (NMDs) often display respiratory muscle impairment which increases the risk for pulmonary complications (PCs). The aim of this study was to identify pregnant NMDs patients with pulmonary risk factors and to apply in these women non-invasive ventilation (NIV) combined with mechanical insufflation-exsufflation (MI-E) in the peri-partum period. METHODS We conducted a multicenter observational study on women with NMDs undergoing cesarean section or spontaneous labor in a network of 7 national hospitals. In these subjects we applied a protocol for screening and preventing PCs, and we evaluated PCs rate, maternal and neonatal outcome. RESULTS Twenty-four patients out of the 94 enrolled pregnant women were at risk for PCs and were trained or retrained to use NIV and/or MI-E before delivery. After delivery, 17 patients required NIV with or without MI-E. Despite nine out of the 24 women at pulmonary risk developed postpartum PCs, none of them needed reintubation nor tracheostomy. In addition, the average birth weight and Apgar score were normal. Only one patient without pulmonary risk factors developed postpartum PCs. CONCLUSION This study showed the feasibility of applying a protocol for screening and treating pregnant NMDs women with pulmonary risk. Despite a PCs rate of 37% was observed in these patients, maternal and neonatal outcome were favorable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabrizio Racca
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Azienda Ospedaliera SS. Antonio E Biagio E Cesare Arrigo, Alessandria, Italy
- Division of Anesthesia and Critical Care Medicine, Azienda Ospedaliera Ordine Mauriziano, Turin, Italy
| | - Yaroslava Longhitano
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Christian Zanza
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
- Post Graduate School of Geriatric Medicine, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Rome, Italy.
| | | | - Gaetano Draisci
- Institute of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Paolo Augusto Stoia
- Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Unit, ASST Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Niguarda Ca'Granda, Milan, Italy
| | - Evelina Gollo
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care A.O.U. Città Della Salute E Della Scienza Di Torino, Turin, Italy
| | - Mariella Maio
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care A.O.U. Città Della Salute E Della Scienza Di Torino, Turin, Italy
| | - Claudia Grattarola
- Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Unit, Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genova, Italy
| | - Marinella Astuto
- Dipartimento Chirurgia Generale e Specialità Medico Chirurgiche, A.O.Universitaria "Policlinico-Vittorio Emanuele", Università Degli Studi Di Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Antonello Ciccarelli
- Department of Movement, Human, and Health Sciences - Division of Health Sciences, University of Rome "Foro Italico, Rome, Italy
| | - Giulia Racca
- Division of Anesthesia and Critical Care Medicine, Azienda Ospedaliera Ordine Mauriziano, Turin, Italy
| | - Tatsiana Romenskaya
- Department of Translational Medicine, University of Eastern Piedmont, Novara, Italy
| | - Benedetta Giordano
- Department of Human Neurosciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Valeria Ada Maria Sansone
- The NEMO Clinical Center in Milan, Neurorehabilitation Unit, University of Milan- ERN for Neuromuscular Diseases, Milan, Italy
| | - Cesare Gregoretti
- Department of Surgical, Oncological and Oral Science (Di.Chir.On.S.), University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
- Fondazione Istituto "G. Giglio" Cefalù, Palermo, Italy
| | - Giorgio Conti
- Institute of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Fabio Piccolella
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Azienda Ospedaliera SS. Antonio E Biagio E Cesare Arrigo, Alessandria, Italy
| | - Rosanna Vaschetto
- Department of Translational Medicine, University of Eastern Piedmont, Novara, Italy
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Khan A, Frazer-Green L, Amin R, Wolfe L, Faulkner G, Casey K, Sharma G, Selim B, Zielinski D, Aboussouan LS, McKim D, Gay P. Respiratory Management of Patients With Neuromuscular Weakness: An American College of Chest Physicians Clinical Practice Guideline and Expert Panel Report. Chest 2023; 164:394-413. [PMID: 36921894 DOI: 10.1016/j.chest.2023.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Revised: 02/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/05/2023] [Indexed: 03/14/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Respiratory failure is a significant concern in neuromuscular diseases (NMDs). This CHEST guideline examines the literature on the respiratory management of patients with NMD to provide evidence-based recommendations. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS An expert panel conducted a systematic review addressing the respiratory management of NMD and applied the Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development, and Evaluations approach for assessing the certainty of the evidence and formulating and grading recommendations. A modified Delphi technique was used to reach a consensus on the recommendations. RESULTS Based on 128 studies, the panel generated 15 graded recommendations, one good practice statement, and one consensus-based statement. INTERPRETATION Evidence of best practices for respiratory management in NMD is limited and is based primarily on observational data in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. The panel found that pulmonary function testing every 6 months may be beneficial and may be used to initiate noninvasive ventilation (NIV) when clinically indicated. An individualized approach to NIV settings may benefit patients with chronic respiratory failure and sleep-disordered breathing related to NMD. When resources allow, polysomnography or overnight oximetry can help to guide the initiation of NIV. The panel provided guidelines for mouthpiece ventilation, transition to home mechanical ventilation, salivary secretion management, and airway clearance therapies. The guideline panel emphasizes that NMD pathologic characteristics represent a diverse group of disorders with differing rates of decline in lung function. The clinician's role is to add evaluation at the bedside to shared decision-making with patients and families, including respect for patient preferences and treatment goals, considerations of quality of life, and appropriate use of available resources in decision-making.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akram Khan
- Division of Pulmonary Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR.
| | | | - Reshma Amin
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The Hospital for Sick Kids, Toronto
| | - Lisa Wolfe
- Department of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL
| | | | - Kenneth Casey
- Department of Sleep Medicine, William S. Middleton Memorial Veterans Hospital, Shorewood Hills, WI
| | - Girish Sharma
- Department of Pediatrics, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL
| | - Bernardo Selim
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
| | - David Zielinski
- Department of Pediatrics, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | | | - Douglas McKim
- Department of Medicine, The Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON
| | - Peter Gay
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
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20
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Muni-Lofra R, Juanola-Mayos E, Schiava M, Moat D, Elseed M, Michel-Sodhi J, Harris E, McCallum M, Moore U, Richardson M, Trainor C, Wong K, Malinova M, Bolano-Diaz C, Keogh MJ, Ghimenton E, Verdu-Diaz J, Mayhew A, Guglieri M, Straub V, James MK, Marini-Bettolo C, Diaz-Manera J. Longitudinal Analysis of Respiratory Function of Different Types of Limb Girdle Muscular Dystrophies Reveals Independent Trajectories. Neurol Genet 2023; 9:e200084. [PMID: 37440793 PMCID: PMC10335843 DOI: 10.1212/nxg.0000000000200084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2023] [Accepted: 05/24/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023]
Abstract
Background and Objectives The prevalence and progression of respiratory muscle dysfunction in patients with limb girdle muscular dystrophies (LGMDs) has been only partially described to date. Most reports include cross-sectional data on a limited number of patients making it difficult to gain a wider perspective on respiratory involvement throughout the course of the disease and to compare the most prevalent LGMD subtypes. Methods We reviewed the results of spirometry studies collected longitudinally in our cohort of patients in routine clinical visits from 2002 to 2020 along with additional clinical and genetic data. A linear mixed model was used to investigate the factors associated with the progression of respiratory dysfunction. Results We followed up 156 patients with 5 different forms of LGMDs for a median of 8 years (range 1-25 years). Of them, 53 patients had pathogenic variants in the Capn3 gene, 47 patients in the Dysf gene, 24 patients in the Fkrp gene, 19 in the Ano5 gene, and 13 in one of the sarcoglycan genes (SCG). At baseline, 58 patients (37.1%) had a forced vital capacity percentage predicted (FVCpp) below 80%, while 14 patients (8.9%) had peak cough flow (PCF) values below 270 L/min. As a subgroup, FKRP was the group with a higher number of patients having FVC <80% and/or PCF <270 L/min at initial assessment (66%). We observed a progressive decline in FVCpp and PCF measurements over time, being age, use of wheelchair, and LGMD subtype independent factors associated with this decline. Fkrp and sarcoglycan patients had a quicker decline in their FVC (Kaplan-Meier curve, F test, p < 0.001 and p = 0.02, respectively). Only 7 of the 58 patients with low FVCpp values reported symptoms of respiratory dysfunction, which are commonly reported by patients with FVCpp below 50%-60%. The number of patients ventilated increased from 2 to 8 during follow-up. Discussion Respiratory dysfunction is a frequent complication of patients with LGMDs that needs to be carefully studied and has direct implications in the care offered in daily clinics. Respiratory dysfunction is associated with disease progression because it is especially seen in patients who are full-time wheelchair users, being more frequent in patients with mutations in the Fkrp and sarcoglycan genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Muni-Lofra
- From the John Walton Muscular Dystrophy Research Centre (R.M.-L., M.S., D.M., M.E., J.M.-S., E.H., M. McCallum, U.M., M.R., C.T., K.W., M. Malinova, C.B.-D., M.J.K., E.G., J.V.-D., A.M., M.G., V.S., M.K.J., C.M.-B., J.D.-M.), Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University, UK; Highly Specialized Service for Rare Neuromuscular Disorders (R.M.-L., M.S., D.M., M.E., J.M.-S., E.H., M. McCallum, U.M., M.R., C.T., K.W., M. Malinova, C.B.-D., M.J.K., E.G., J.V.-D., A.M., M.G., V.S., M.K.J., C.M.-B., J.D.-M.), Limb Girdle Muscular Dystrophies, Genetics Department, Integrated Laboratory Medicine, Newcastle Upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, United Kingdom; and Neuromuscular Diseases Unit, Neurology Department, Hospital Germans Tries I Pujol (E.J.-M.), Badalona, Spain
| | - Eduard Juanola-Mayos
- From the John Walton Muscular Dystrophy Research Centre (R.M.-L., M.S., D.M., M.E., J.M.-S., E.H., M. McCallum, U.M., M.R., C.T., K.W., M. Malinova, C.B.-D., M.J.K., E.G., J.V.-D., A.M., M.G., V.S., M.K.J., C.M.-B., J.D.-M.), Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University, UK; Highly Specialized Service for Rare Neuromuscular Disorders (R.M.-L., M.S., D.M., M.E., J.M.-S., E.H., M. McCallum, U.M., M.R., C.T., K.W., M. Malinova, C.B.-D., M.J.K., E.G., J.V.-D., A.M., M.G., V.S., M.K.J., C.M.-B., J.D.-M.), Limb Girdle Muscular Dystrophies, Genetics Department, Integrated Laboratory Medicine, Newcastle Upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, United Kingdom; and Neuromuscular Diseases Unit, Neurology Department, Hospital Germans Tries I Pujol (E.J.-M.), Badalona, Spain
| | - Marianela Schiava
- From the John Walton Muscular Dystrophy Research Centre (R.M.-L., M.S., D.M., M.E., J.M.-S., E.H., M. McCallum, U.M., M.R., C.T., K.W., M. Malinova, C.B.-D., M.J.K., E.G., J.V.-D., A.M., M.G., V.S., M.K.J., C.M.-B., J.D.-M.), Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University, UK; Highly Specialized Service for Rare Neuromuscular Disorders (R.M.-L., M.S., D.M., M.E., J.M.-S., E.H., M. McCallum, U.M., M.R., C.T., K.W., M. Malinova, C.B.-D., M.J.K., E.G., J.V.-D., A.M., M.G., V.S., M.K.J., C.M.-B., J.D.-M.), Limb Girdle Muscular Dystrophies, Genetics Department, Integrated Laboratory Medicine, Newcastle Upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, United Kingdom; and Neuromuscular Diseases Unit, Neurology Department, Hospital Germans Tries I Pujol (E.J.-M.), Badalona, Spain
| | - Dionne Moat
- From the John Walton Muscular Dystrophy Research Centre (R.M.-L., M.S., D.M., M.E., J.M.-S., E.H., M. McCallum, U.M., M.R., C.T., K.W., M. Malinova, C.B.-D., M.J.K., E.G., J.V.-D., A.M., M.G., V.S., M.K.J., C.M.-B., J.D.-M.), Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University, UK; Highly Specialized Service for Rare Neuromuscular Disorders (R.M.-L., M.S., D.M., M.E., J.M.-S., E.H., M. McCallum, U.M., M.R., C.T., K.W., M. Malinova, C.B.-D., M.J.K., E.G., J.V.-D., A.M., M.G., V.S., M.K.J., C.M.-B., J.D.-M.), Limb Girdle Muscular Dystrophies, Genetics Department, Integrated Laboratory Medicine, Newcastle Upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, United Kingdom; and Neuromuscular Diseases Unit, Neurology Department, Hospital Germans Tries I Pujol (E.J.-M.), Badalona, Spain
| | - Maha Elseed
- From the John Walton Muscular Dystrophy Research Centre (R.M.-L., M.S., D.M., M.E., J.M.-S., E.H., M. McCallum, U.M., M.R., C.T., K.W., M. Malinova, C.B.-D., M.J.K., E.G., J.V.-D., A.M., M.G., V.S., M.K.J., C.M.-B., J.D.-M.), Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University, UK; Highly Specialized Service for Rare Neuromuscular Disorders (R.M.-L., M.S., D.M., M.E., J.M.-S., E.H., M. McCallum, U.M., M.R., C.T., K.W., M. Malinova, C.B.-D., M.J.K., E.G., J.V.-D., A.M., M.G., V.S., M.K.J., C.M.-B., J.D.-M.), Limb Girdle Muscular Dystrophies, Genetics Department, Integrated Laboratory Medicine, Newcastle Upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, United Kingdom; and Neuromuscular Diseases Unit, Neurology Department, Hospital Germans Tries I Pujol (E.J.-M.), Badalona, Spain
| | - Jassi Michel-Sodhi
- From the John Walton Muscular Dystrophy Research Centre (R.M.-L., M.S., D.M., M.E., J.M.-S., E.H., M. McCallum, U.M., M.R., C.T., K.W., M. Malinova, C.B.-D., M.J.K., E.G., J.V.-D., A.M., M.G., V.S., M.K.J., C.M.-B., J.D.-M.), Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University, UK; Highly Specialized Service for Rare Neuromuscular Disorders (R.M.-L., M.S., D.M., M.E., J.M.-S., E.H., M. McCallum, U.M., M.R., C.T., K.W., M. Malinova, C.B.-D., M.J.K., E.G., J.V.-D., A.M., M.G., V.S., M.K.J., C.M.-B., J.D.-M.), Limb Girdle Muscular Dystrophies, Genetics Department, Integrated Laboratory Medicine, Newcastle Upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, United Kingdom; and Neuromuscular Diseases Unit, Neurology Department, Hospital Germans Tries I Pujol (E.J.-M.), Badalona, Spain
| | - Elizabeth Harris
- From the John Walton Muscular Dystrophy Research Centre (R.M.-L., M.S., D.M., M.E., J.M.-S., E.H., M. McCallum, U.M., M.R., C.T., K.W., M. Malinova, C.B.-D., M.J.K., E.G., J.V.-D., A.M., M.G., V.S., M.K.J., C.M.-B., J.D.-M.), Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University, UK; Highly Specialized Service for Rare Neuromuscular Disorders (R.M.-L., M.S., D.M., M.E., J.M.-S., E.H., M. McCallum, U.M., M.R., C.T., K.W., M. Malinova, C.B.-D., M.J.K., E.G., J.V.-D., A.M., M.G., V.S., M.K.J., C.M.-B., J.D.-M.), Limb Girdle Muscular Dystrophies, Genetics Department, Integrated Laboratory Medicine, Newcastle Upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, United Kingdom; and Neuromuscular Diseases Unit, Neurology Department, Hospital Germans Tries I Pujol (E.J.-M.), Badalona, Spain
| | - Michelle McCallum
- From the John Walton Muscular Dystrophy Research Centre (R.M.-L., M.S., D.M., M.E., J.M.-S., E.H., M. McCallum, U.M., M.R., C.T., K.W., M. Malinova, C.B.-D., M.J.K., E.G., J.V.-D., A.M., M.G., V.S., M.K.J., C.M.-B., J.D.-M.), Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University, UK; Highly Specialized Service for Rare Neuromuscular Disorders (R.M.-L., M.S., D.M., M.E., J.M.-S., E.H., M. McCallum, U.M., M.R., C.T., K.W., M. Malinova, C.B.-D., M.J.K., E.G., J.V.-D., A.M., M.G., V.S., M.K.J., C.M.-B., J.D.-M.), Limb Girdle Muscular Dystrophies, Genetics Department, Integrated Laboratory Medicine, Newcastle Upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, United Kingdom; and Neuromuscular Diseases Unit, Neurology Department, Hospital Germans Tries I Pujol (E.J.-M.), Badalona, Spain
| | - Ursula Moore
- From the John Walton Muscular Dystrophy Research Centre (R.M.-L., M.S., D.M., M.E., J.M.-S., E.H., M. McCallum, U.M., M.R., C.T., K.W., M. Malinova, C.B.-D., M.J.K., E.G., J.V.-D., A.M., M.G., V.S., M.K.J., C.M.-B., J.D.-M.), Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University, UK; Highly Specialized Service for Rare Neuromuscular Disorders (R.M.-L., M.S., D.M., M.E., J.M.-S., E.H., M. McCallum, U.M., M.R., C.T., K.W., M. Malinova, C.B.-D., M.J.K., E.G., J.V.-D., A.M., M.G., V.S., M.K.J., C.M.-B., J.D.-M.), Limb Girdle Muscular Dystrophies, Genetics Department, Integrated Laboratory Medicine, Newcastle Upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, United Kingdom; and Neuromuscular Diseases Unit, Neurology Department, Hospital Germans Tries I Pujol (E.J.-M.), Badalona, Spain
| | - Mark Richardson
- From the John Walton Muscular Dystrophy Research Centre (R.M.-L., M.S., D.M., M.E., J.M.-S., E.H., M. McCallum, U.M., M.R., C.T., K.W., M. Malinova, C.B.-D., M.J.K., E.G., J.V.-D., A.M., M.G., V.S., M.K.J., C.M.-B., J.D.-M.), Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University, UK; Highly Specialized Service for Rare Neuromuscular Disorders (R.M.-L., M.S., D.M., M.E., J.M.-S., E.H., M. McCallum, U.M., M.R., C.T., K.W., M. Malinova, C.B.-D., M.J.K., E.G., J.V.-D., A.M., M.G., V.S., M.K.J., C.M.-B., J.D.-M.), Limb Girdle Muscular Dystrophies, Genetics Department, Integrated Laboratory Medicine, Newcastle Upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, United Kingdom; and Neuromuscular Diseases Unit, Neurology Department, Hospital Germans Tries I Pujol (E.J.-M.), Badalona, Spain
| | - Christina Trainor
- From the John Walton Muscular Dystrophy Research Centre (R.M.-L., M.S., D.M., M.E., J.M.-S., E.H., M. McCallum, U.M., M.R., C.T., K.W., M. Malinova, C.B.-D., M.J.K., E.G., J.V.-D., A.M., M.G., V.S., M.K.J., C.M.-B., J.D.-M.), Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University, UK; Highly Specialized Service for Rare Neuromuscular Disorders (R.M.-L., M.S., D.M., M.E., J.M.-S., E.H., M. McCallum, U.M., M.R., C.T., K.W., M. Malinova, C.B.-D., M.J.K., E.G., J.V.-D., A.M., M.G., V.S., M.K.J., C.M.-B., J.D.-M.), Limb Girdle Muscular Dystrophies, Genetics Department, Integrated Laboratory Medicine, Newcastle Upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, United Kingdom; and Neuromuscular Diseases Unit, Neurology Department, Hospital Germans Tries I Pujol (E.J.-M.), Badalona, Spain
| | - Karen Wong
- From the John Walton Muscular Dystrophy Research Centre (R.M.-L., M.S., D.M., M.E., J.M.-S., E.H., M. McCallum, U.M., M.R., C.T., K.W., M. Malinova, C.B.-D., M.J.K., E.G., J.V.-D., A.M., M.G., V.S., M.K.J., C.M.-B., J.D.-M.), Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University, UK; Highly Specialized Service for Rare Neuromuscular Disorders (R.M.-L., M.S., D.M., M.E., J.M.-S., E.H., M. McCallum, U.M., M.R., C.T., K.W., M. Malinova, C.B.-D., M.J.K., E.G., J.V.-D., A.M., M.G., V.S., M.K.J., C.M.-B., J.D.-M.), Limb Girdle Muscular Dystrophies, Genetics Department, Integrated Laboratory Medicine, Newcastle Upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, United Kingdom; and Neuromuscular Diseases Unit, Neurology Department, Hospital Germans Tries I Pujol (E.J.-M.), Badalona, Spain
| | - Monika Malinova
- From the John Walton Muscular Dystrophy Research Centre (R.M.-L., M.S., D.M., M.E., J.M.-S., E.H., M. McCallum, U.M., M.R., C.T., K.W., M. Malinova, C.B.-D., M.J.K., E.G., J.V.-D., A.M., M.G., V.S., M.K.J., C.M.-B., J.D.-M.), Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University, UK; Highly Specialized Service for Rare Neuromuscular Disorders (R.M.-L., M.S., D.M., M.E., J.M.-S., E.H., M. McCallum, U.M., M.R., C.T., K.W., M. Malinova, C.B.-D., M.J.K., E.G., J.V.-D., A.M., M.G., V.S., M.K.J., C.M.-B., J.D.-M.), Limb Girdle Muscular Dystrophies, Genetics Department, Integrated Laboratory Medicine, Newcastle Upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, United Kingdom; and Neuromuscular Diseases Unit, Neurology Department, Hospital Germans Tries I Pujol (E.J.-M.), Badalona, Spain
| | - Carla Bolano-Diaz
- From the John Walton Muscular Dystrophy Research Centre (R.M.-L., M.S., D.M., M.E., J.M.-S., E.H., M. McCallum, U.M., M.R., C.T., K.W., M. Malinova, C.B.-D., M.J.K., E.G., J.V.-D., A.M., M.G., V.S., M.K.J., C.M.-B., J.D.-M.), Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University, UK; Highly Specialized Service for Rare Neuromuscular Disorders (R.M.-L., M.S., D.M., M.E., J.M.-S., E.H., M. McCallum, U.M., M.R., C.T., K.W., M. Malinova, C.B.-D., M.J.K., E.G., J.V.-D., A.M., M.G., V.S., M.K.J., C.M.-B., J.D.-M.), Limb Girdle Muscular Dystrophies, Genetics Department, Integrated Laboratory Medicine, Newcastle Upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, United Kingdom; and Neuromuscular Diseases Unit, Neurology Department, Hospital Germans Tries I Pujol (E.J.-M.), Badalona, Spain
| | - Michael John Keogh
- From the John Walton Muscular Dystrophy Research Centre (R.M.-L., M.S., D.M., M.E., J.M.-S., E.H., M. McCallum, U.M., M.R., C.T., K.W., M. Malinova, C.B.-D., M.J.K., E.G., J.V.-D., A.M., M.G., V.S., M.K.J., C.M.-B., J.D.-M.), Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University, UK; Highly Specialized Service for Rare Neuromuscular Disorders (R.M.-L., M.S., D.M., M.E., J.M.-S., E.H., M. McCallum, U.M., M.R., C.T., K.W., M. Malinova, C.B.-D., M.J.K., E.G., J.V.-D., A.M., M.G., V.S., M.K.J., C.M.-B., J.D.-M.), Limb Girdle Muscular Dystrophies, Genetics Department, Integrated Laboratory Medicine, Newcastle Upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, United Kingdom; and Neuromuscular Diseases Unit, Neurology Department, Hospital Germans Tries I Pujol (E.J.-M.), Badalona, Spain
| | - Elisabetta Ghimenton
- From the John Walton Muscular Dystrophy Research Centre (R.M.-L., M.S., D.M., M.E., J.M.-S., E.H., M. McCallum, U.M., M.R., C.T., K.W., M. Malinova, C.B.-D., M.J.K., E.G., J.V.-D., A.M., M.G., V.S., M.K.J., C.M.-B., J.D.-M.), Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University, UK; Highly Specialized Service for Rare Neuromuscular Disorders (R.M.-L., M.S., D.M., M.E., J.M.-S., E.H., M. McCallum, U.M., M.R., C.T., K.W., M. Malinova, C.B.-D., M.J.K., E.G., J.V.-D., A.M., M.G., V.S., M.K.J., C.M.-B., J.D.-M.), Limb Girdle Muscular Dystrophies, Genetics Department, Integrated Laboratory Medicine, Newcastle Upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, United Kingdom; and Neuromuscular Diseases Unit, Neurology Department, Hospital Germans Tries I Pujol (E.J.-M.), Badalona, Spain
| | - Jose Verdu-Diaz
- From the John Walton Muscular Dystrophy Research Centre (R.M.-L., M.S., D.M., M.E., J.M.-S., E.H., M. McCallum, U.M., M.R., C.T., K.W., M. Malinova, C.B.-D., M.J.K., E.G., J.V.-D., A.M., M.G., V.S., M.K.J., C.M.-B., J.D.-M.), Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University, UK; Highly Specialized Service for Rare Neuromuscular Disorders (R.M.-L., M.S., D.M., M.E., J.M.-S., E.H., M. McCallum, U.M., M.R., C.T., K.W., M. Malinova, C.B.-D., M.J.K., E.G., J.V.-D., A.M., M.G., V.S., M.K.J., C.M.-B., J.D.-M.), Limb Girdle Muscular Dystrophies, Genetics Department, Integrated Laboratory Medicine, Newcastle Upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, United Kingdom; and Neuromuscular Diseases Unit, Neurology Department, Hospital Germans Tries I Pujol (E.J.-M.), Badalona, Spain
| | - Anna Mayhew
- From the John Walton Muscular Dystrophy Research Centre (R.M.-L., M.S., D.M., M.E., J.M.-S., E.H., M. McCallum, U.M., M.R., C.T., K.W., M. Malinova, C.B.-D., M.J.K., E.G., J.V.-D., A.M., M.G., V.S., M.K.J., C.M.-B., J.D.-M.), Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University, UK; Highly Specialized Service for Rare Neuromuscular Disorders (R.M.-L., M.S., D.M., M.E., J.M.-S., E.H., M. McCallum, U.M., M.R., C.T., K.W., M. Malinova, C.B.-D., M.J.K., E.G., J.V.-D., A.M., M.G., V.S., M.K.J., C.M.-B., J.D.-M.), Limb Girdle Muscular Dystrophies, Genetics Department, Integrated Laboratory Medicine, Newcastle Upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, United Kingdom; and Neuromuscular Diseases Unit, Neurology Department, Hospital Germans Tries I Pujol (E.J.-M.), Badalona, Spain
| | - Michela Guglieri
- From the John Walton Muscular Dystrophy Research Centre (R.M.-L., M.S., D.M., M.E., J.M.-S., E.H., M. McCallum, U.M., M.R., C.T., K.W., M. Malinova, C.B.-D., M.J.K., E.G., J.V.-D., A.M., M.G., V.S., M.K.J., C.M.-B., J.D.-M.), Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University, UK; Highly Specialized Service for Rare Neuromuscular Disorders (R.M.-L., M.S., D.M., M.E., J.M.-S., E.H., M. McCallum, U.M., M.R., C.T., K.W., M. Malinova, C.B.-D., M.J.K., E.G., J.V.-D., A.M., M.G., V.S., M.K.J., C.M.-B., J.D.-M.), Limb Girdle Muscular Dystrophies, Genetics Department, Integrated Laboratory Medicine, Newcastle Upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, United Kingdom; and Neuromuscular Diseases Unit, Neurology Department, Hospital Germans Tries I Pujol (E.J.-M.), Badalona, Spain
| | - Volker Straub
- From the John Walton Muscular Dystrophy Research Centre (R.M.-L., M.S., D.M., M.E., J.M.-S., E.H., M. McCallum, U.M., M.R., C.T., K.W., M. Malinova, C.B.-D., M.J.K., E.G., J.V.-D., A.M., M.G., V.S., M.K.J., C.M.-B., J.D.-M.), Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University, UK; Highly Specialized Service for Rare Neuromuscular Disorders (R.M.-L., M.S., D.M., M.E., J.M.-S., E.H., M. McCallum, U.M., M.R., C.T., K.W., M. Malinova, C.B.-D., M.J.K., E.G., J.V.-D., A.M., M.G., V.S., M.K.J., C.M.-B., J.D.-M.), Limb Girdle Muscular Dystrophies, Genetics Department, Integrated Laboratory Medicine, Newcastle Upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, United Kingdom; and Neuromuscular Diseases Unit, Neurology Department, Hospital Germans Tries I Pujol (E.J.-M.), Badalona, Spain
| | - Meredith K James
- From the John Walton Muscular Dystrophy Research Centre (R.M.-L., M.S., D.M., M.E., J.M.-S., E.H., M. McCallum, U.M., M.R., C.T., K.W., M. Malinova, C.B.-D., M.J.K., E.G., J.V.-D., A.M., M.G., V.S., M.K.J., C.M.-B., J.D.-M.), Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University, UK; Highly Specialized Service for Rare Neuromuscular Disorders (R.M.-L., M.S., D.M., M.E., J.M.-S., E.H., M. McCallum, U.M., M.R., C.T., K.W., M. Malinova, C.B.-D., M.J.K., E.G., J.V.-D., A.M., M.G., V.S., M.K.J., C.M.-B., J.D.-M.), Limb Girdle Muscular Dystrophies, Genetics Department, Integrated Laboratory Medicine, Newcastle Upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, United Kingdom; and Neuromuscular Diseases Unit, Neurology Department, Hospital Germans Tries I Pujol (E.J.-M.), Badalona, Spain
| | - Chiara Marini-Bettolo
- From the John Walton Muscular Dystrophy Research Centre (R.M.-L., M.S., D.M., M.E., J.M.-S., E.H., M. McCallum, U.M., M.R., C.T., K.W., M. Malinova, C.B.-D., M.J.K., E.G., J.V.-D., A.M., M.G., V.S., M.K.J., C.M.-B., J.D.-M.), Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University, UK; Highly Specialized Service for Rare Neuromuscular Disorders (R.M.-L., M.S., D.M., M.E., J.M.-S., E.H., M. McCallum, U.M., M.R., C.T., K.W., M. Malinova, C.B.-D., M.J.K., E.G., J.V.-D., A.M., M.G., V.S., M.K.J., C.M.-B., J.D.-M.), Limb Girdle Muscular Dystrophies, Genetics Department, Integrated Laboratory Medicine, Newcastle Upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, United Kingdom; and Neuromuscular Diseases Unit, Neurology Department, Hospital Germans Tries I Pujol (E.J.-M.), Badalona, Spain
| | - Jordi Diaz-Manera
- From the John Walton Muscular Dystrophy Research Centre (R.M.-L., M.S., D.M., M.E., J.M.-S., E.H., M. McCallum, U.M., M.R., C.T., K.W., M. Malinova, C.B.-D., M.J.K., E.G., J.V.-D., A.M., M.G., V.S., M.K.J., C.M.-B., J.D.-M.), Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University, UK; Highly Specialized Service for Rare Neuromuscular Disorders (R.M.-L., M.S., D.M., M.E., J.M.-S., E.H., M. McCallum, U.M., M.R., C.T., K.W., M. Malinova, C.B.-D., M.J.K., E.G., J.V.-D., A.M., M.G., V.S., M.K.J., C.M.-B., J.D.-M.), Limb Girdle Muscular Dystrophies, Genetics Department, Integrated Laboratory Medicine, Newcastle Upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, United Kingdom; and Neuromuscular Diseases Unit, Neurology Department, Hospital Germans Tries I Pujol (E.J.-M.), Badalona, Spain
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21
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Sheers NL, O’Sullivan R, Howard ME, Berlowitz DJ. The role of lung volume recruitment therapy in neuromuscular disease: a narrative review. FRONTIERS IN REHABILITATION SCIENCES 2023; 4:1164628. [PMID: 37565183 PMCID: PMC10410160 DOI: 10.3389/fresc.2023.1164628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Accepted: 06/16/2023] [Indexed: 08/12/2023]
Abstract
Respiratory muscle weakness results in substantial discomfort, disability, and ultimately death in many neuromuscular diseases. Respiratory system impairment manifests as shallow breathing, poor cough and associated difficulty clearing mucus, respiratory tract infections, hypoventilation, sleep-disordered breathing, and chronic ventilatory failure. Ventilatory support (i.e., non-invasive ventilation) is an established and key treatment for the latter. As survival outcomes improve for people living with many neuromuscular diseases, there is a shift towards more proactive and preventative chronic disease multidisciplinary care models that aim to manage symptoms, improve morbidity, and reduce mortality. Clinical care guidelines typically recommend therapies to improve cough effectiveness and mobilise mucus, with the aim of averting acute respiratory compromise or respiratory tract infections. Moreover, preventing recurrent infective episodes may prevent secondary parenchymal pathology and further lung function decline. Regular use of techniques that augment lung volume has similarly been recommended (volume recruitment). It has been speculated that enhancing lung inflation in people with respiratory muscle weakness when well may improve respiratory system "flexibility", mitigate restrictive chest wall disease, and slow lung volume decline. Unfortunately, clinical care guidelines are based largely on clinical rationale and consensus opinion rather than level A evidence. This narrative review outlines the physiological changes that occur in people with neuromuscular disease and how these changes impact on breathing, cough, and respiratory tract infections. The biological rationale for lung volume recruitment is provided, and the clinical trials that examine the immediate, short-term, and longer-term outcomes of lung volume recruitment in paediatric and adult neuromuscular diseases are presented and the results synthesised.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole L. Sheers
- Department of Respiratory and Sleep Medicine, Austin Health, Heidelberg, VIC, Australia
- Institute for Breathing and Sleep, Heidelberg, VIC, Australia
- Department of Physiotherapy, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Rachel O’Sullivan
- Department of Physiotherapy, Christchurch Hospital, Canterbury, New Zealand
| | - Mark E. Howard
- Department of Respiratory and Sleep Medicine, Austin Health, Heidelberg, VIC, Australia
- Institute for Breathing and Sleep, Heidelberg, VIC, Australia
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
- Turner Institute of Brain and Mental Health, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - David J. Berlowitz
- Department of Respiratory and Sleep Medicine, Austin Health, Heidelberg, VIC, Australia
- Institute for Breathing and Sleep, Heidelberg, VIC, Australia
- Department of Physiotherapy, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
- Department of Physiotherapy, Austin Health, Heidelberg, VIC, Australia
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22
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Ronco L, Khirani S, Vedrenne-Cloquet M, Barrois R, Barnerias C, Desguerre I, Bignamini E, Fauroux B. Limitations of the apnea-hypopnea index in children and young adults with neuromuscular disorders. Neuromuscul Disord 2023; 33:468-473. [PMID: 37196510 DOI: 10.1016/j.nmd.2023.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2023] [Revised: 05/02/2023] [Accepted: 05/04/2023] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
There are no validated criteria to initiate noninvasive ventilation (NIV) in children and young adults with neuromuscular disease (NMD). In order to analyze NIV initiation criteria, we reviewed the polysomnography (PSG) criteria that led to the initiation of NIV in 61 consecutive patients with NMD, median age 4.1 (0.8-21) years, who had a PSG during their routine care. NIV was initiated on abnormal PSG data (apnea-hypopnea index (AHI) > 10 events/h and/or a transcutaneous carbon dioxide pressure > 50 mmHg and/or a pulse oximetry 〈 90%, both during at least 2% sleep time or 〉 5 consecutive minutes) in 11 (18%) patients. Six of these 11 patients had an AHI ≤ 10 events/h and would not have been ventilated if only AHI was retained. However, one of these 6 patients had isolated nocturnal hypoxemia, 3 isolated nocturnal hypercapnia and 2 abnormal respiratory events. Six (10%) patients with a normal PSG were started on NIV on clinical criteria. Our results show the limitation of the AHI when taken as the unique PSG criterion for NIV initiation in young patients with NMD and underline the need to include also abnormalities of overnight gas exchange into the NIV decision-making process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucia Ronco
- Pediatric noninvasive ventilation and sleep unit, AP-HP, Hôpital Necker-Enfants malades, F-75015 Paris, France; Pediatric Pulmonology department, Regina Margherita Children Hospital, Turin, Italy
| | - Sonia Khirani
- Pediatric noninvasive ventilation and sleep unit, AP-HP, Hôpital Necker-Enfants malades, F-75015 Paris, France; Université de Paris, VIFASOM, F-75004 Paris, France; ASV Santé, F-92000 Gennevilliers, France
| | - Meryl Vedrenne-Cloquet
- Pediatric intensive care unit, AP-HP, Hôpital Necker-Enfants malades, F-75015 Paris, France, France
| | - Remi Barrois
- Pediatric neurology, AP-HP, Hôpital Necker-Enfants malades, F-75015 Paris; National Reference Center on Neuromuscular Diseases, France
| | - Christine Barnerias
- Pediatric neurology, AP-HP, Hôpital Necker-Enfants malades, F-75015 Paris; National Reference Center on Neuromuscular Diseases, France
| | - Isabelle Desguerre
- Pediatric neurology, AP-HP, Hôpital Necker-Enfants malades, F-75015 Paris; National Reference Center on Neuromuscular Diseases, France
| | - Elisabetta Bignamini
- Pediatric Pulmonology department, Regina Margherita Children Hospital, Turin, Italy
| | - Brigitte Fauroux
- Pediatric noninvasive ventilation and sleep unit, AP-HP, Hôpital Necker-Enfants malades, F-75015 Paris, France; Université de Paris, VIFASOM, F-75004 Paris, France.
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23
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Leon-Astudillo C, Okorie CUA, McCown MY, Dy FJ, Puranik S, Prero M, ElMallah MK, Treat L, Gross JE. ATS Core Curriculum 2022. Pediatric Pulmonary Medicine: Updates in pediatric neuromuscular disease. Pediatr Pulmonol 2023. [PMID: 37144867 DOI: 10.1002/ppul.26448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2023] [Accepted: 04/23/2023] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
The American Thoracic Society Core Curriculum updates clinicians annually in pediatric pulmonary disease. This is a concise review of the Pediatric Pulmonary Medicine Core Curriculum presented at the 2022 American Thoracic Society International Conference. Neuromuscular diseases (NMD) comprise a variety of conditions that commonly affect the respiratory system and cause significant morbidity including dysphagia, chronic respiratory failure, and sleep disordered breathing. Respiratory failure is the most common cause of mortality in this population. Substantial progress has been made in diagnosis, monitoring and treatment for NMD over the last decade. Pulmonary function testing (PFT) is utilized to objectively measure respiratory pump function and PFT milestones are utilized in NMD-specific pulmonary care guidelines. New disease modifying therapies are approved for the treatment of patients with Duchenne muscular dystrophy and spinal muscular atrophy (SMA), including the first ever approved systemic gene therapy, in the case of SMA. Despite extraordinary progress in the medical management of NMD, little is known regarding the respiratory implications and long-term outcomes for patients in the era of advanced therapeutics and precision medicine. The combination of technological and biomedical advancements has increased the complexity of the medical decision-making process for patients and families, thus emphasizing the importance of balancing respect for autonomy with the other foundational principles of medical ethics. This review features an overview of PFT, noninvasive ventilation strategies, novel and developing therapies, as well as the ethical considerations specific to the management of patients with pediatric NMD.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Caroline U A Okorie
- Department of Pediatrics, Stanford Children's Health, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Michael Y McCown
- Department of Pediatrics, Inova Children's Hospital, Fairfax, Virginia, USA
| | - Fei J Dy
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Sandeep Puranik
- Department of Pediatrics, Riley Hospital for Children, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Moshe Prero
- Department of Pediatrics, Rainbow Babies and Children's Hospital, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Mai K ElMallah
- Department of Pediatrics, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Lauren Treat
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Jane E Gross
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, USA
- Departments of Pediatrics and Medicine, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colorado, USA
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24
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Gannon NP, Quanbeck ZA, Miller DJ. The influence of viral respiratory season on perioperative outcomes in patients undergoing spinal fusion for neuromuscular scoliosis. Spine Deform 2023; 11:407-414. [PMID: 36205854 DOI: 10.1007/s43390-022-00593-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2022] [Accepted: 09/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Respiratory complications are common following neuromuscular scoliosis (NMS) spinal fusion. Concern exists regarding the safety to perform complicated procedures in winter months when viral respiratory illness is common. The purpose of this study was to compare perioperative outcomes in children with NMS undergoing spinal fusion during peak (November-March) or non-peak (April-October) viral season. METHODS The Health Care and Utilization Project (HCUP) Kids' inpatient database (KID) from 2006 to 2012 was reviewed. Children 20 years or younger who underwent spinal fusion for NMS were included. Patients were grouped by date of surgery during peak or non-peak viral season. Continuous variables were compared using t tests and categorical variables were compared using the Rao-Scott Chi-square test. Weighted logistic regression models were performed. RESULTS This study identified 5082 records, including 1711 and 3371 patients who had surgery in peak and non-peak viral seasons, respectively. Patients who had spinal fusion during peak viral season were less likely to experience respiratory failure (p = 0.0008) and did not demonstrate an increased incidence of aspiration pneumonia (p = 0.26), respiratory complication (p = 0.43), or mortality (p = 0.68). Respiratory failure was associated with younger age (p = 0.0031), the presence of a tracheostomy (p < 0.0001), and the number of chronic conditions (p < 0.0001). Higher number of chronic medical conditions (mean of 5.0) was associated with an increased risk of in-hospital mortality (p < 0.0001), aspiration pneumonia (p = 0.0009), and respiratory failure (p < 0.0001). CONCLUSION Spinal fusion for NMS during peak viral season has a lower risk of respiratory failure without an increase in mortality or other complications compared to during non-peak viral season.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas P Gannon
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Zachary A Quanbeck
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Daniel J Miller
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA. .,Gillette Children's Specialty Healthcare, 200 University Avenue East, St. Paul, MN, USA.
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25
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Viegas P, Ageno E, Corsi G, Tagariello F, Razakamanantsoa L, Vilde R, Ribeiro C, Heunks L, Patout M, Fisser C. Highlights from the Respiratory Failure and Mechanical Ventilation 2022 Conference. ERJ Open Res 2023; 9:00467-2022. [PMID: 36949961 PMCID: PMC10026011 DOI: 10.1183/23120541.00467-2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2022] [Accepted: 11/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The Respiratory Intensive Care Assembly of the European Respiratory Society gathered in Berlin to organise the second Respiratory Failure and Mechanical Ventilation Conference in June 2022. The conference covered several key points of acute and chronic respiratory failure in adults. During the 3-day conference, ventilatory strategies, patient selection, diagnostic approaches, treatment and health-related quality of life topics were addressed by a panel of international experts. Lectures delivered during the event have been summarised by Early Career Members of the Assembly and take-home messages highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro Viegas
- Pulmonology Department, Centro Hospitalar de Vila Nova de Gaia/Espinho, Vila Nova de Gaia, Portugal
| | - Elisa Ageno
- Respiratory and Critical Care Unit, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria di Bologna, University Hospital Sant'Orsola-Malpighi, Bologna, Italy
- Department of Clinical, Integrated and Experimental Medicine (DIMES), Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Gabriele Corsi
- Respiratory and Critical Care Unit, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria di Bologna, University Hospital Sant'Orsola-Malpighi, Bologna, Italy
- Department of Clinical, Integrated and Experimental Medicine (DIMES), Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Federico Tagariello
- Respiratory and Critical Care Unit, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria di Bologna, University Hospital Sant'Orsola-Malpighi, Bologna, Italy
- Department of Clinical, Integrated and Experimental Medicine (DIMES), Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Léa Razakamanantsoa
- Unité Ambulatoire d'Appareillage Respiratoire de Domicile (UAARD), Service de Pneumologie (Département R3S), AP-HP, Groupe Hospitalier Universitaire APHP-Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
| | - Rudolfs Vilde
- Centre of Pulmonology and Thoracic Surgery, Pauls Stradiņš Clinical University Hospital, Riga, Latvia
- Riga Stradiņš University, Riga, Latvia
| | - Carla Ribeiro
- Pulmonology Department, Centro Hospitalar de Vila Nova de Gaia/Espinho, Vila Nova de Gaia, Portugal
| | - Leo Heunks
- Department of Intensive Care, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Maxime Patout
- Service des Pathologies du Sommeil (Département R3S), AP-HP, Groupe Hospitalier Universitaire APHP-Sorbonne Université, site Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, UMRS1158 Neurophysiologie Respiratoire Expérimentale et Clinique, Paris, France
| | - Christoph Fisser
- Department of Internal Medicine II, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
- Corresponding author: Christoph Fisser ()
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26
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Veldhoen ES, Wijngaarde CA, van Eijk RPA, Asselman FL, Seddiqi N, Otto LAM, Stam M, Cuppen I, Wadman RI, van Asperen RMW, Hulzebos EHJ, van den Oudenrijn LPV, Bartels B, Boezer J, Gaytant M, van der Ent CK, van der Pol WL. Lung function decline preceding chronic respiratory failure in spinal muscular atrophy: a national prospective cohort study. Orphanet J Rare Dis 2023; 18:40. [PMID: 36823666 PMCID: PMC9951433 DOI: 10.1186/s13023-023-02634-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2022] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Progressive lung function decline, resulting in respiratory failure, is an important complication of spinal muscular atrophy (SMA). The ability to predict the need for mechanical ventilation is important. We assessed longitudinal patterns of lung function prior to chronic respiratory failure in a national cohort of treatment-naïve children and adults with SMA, hypothesizing an accelerated decline prior to chronic respiratory failure. METHODS We included treatment-naïve SMA patients participating in a prospective national cohort study if they required mechanical ventilation because of chronic respiratory failure and if lung function test results were available from the years prior to initiation of ventilation. We analyzed Forced Vital Capacity (FVC), Forced Expiratory Volume in 1 s (FEV1), Peak Expiratory Flow (PEF) and Maximum Expiratory Pressure (PEmax). We studied the longitudinal course using linear mixed-effects models. We compared patients who electively started mechanical ventilation compared to patients who could not be weaned after acute respiratory failure. RESULTS We analyzed 385 lung function tests from 38 patients with SMA types 1c-3a. At initiation of ventilation median age was 18.8 years (IQR: 13.2-30.1) and median standardized FVC, FEV1 and PEF were 28.8% (95% CI: 23.5; 34.2), 28.8% (95% CI: 24.0; 33.7) and 30.0% (95% CI: 23.4; 36.7), with an average annual decline of 1.75% (95% CI: 0.86; 2.66), 1.72% (95% CI: 1.04; 2.40) and 1.65% (95% CI: 0.71; 2.59), respectively. Our data did not support the hypothesis of an accelerated decline prior to initiation of mechanical ventilation. Median PEmax was 35.3 cmH2O (95% CI: 29.4; 41.2) at initiation of mechanical ventilation and relatively stable in the years preceding ventilation. Median FVC, FEV1, PEF and PEmax were lower in patients who electively started mechanical ventilation (p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS Patterns of lung function decline cannot predict impending respiratory failure: SMA is characterized by a gradual decline of lung function. We found no evidence for an accelerated deterioration. In addition, PEmax remains low and stable in the years preceding initiation of ventilation. Patients who electively started mechanical ventilation had more restrictive lung function at initiation of ventilation, compared to patients who could not be weaned after surgery or a respiratory tract infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esther S. Veldhoen
- grid.5477.10000000120346234Department of Pediatric Intensive Care, Wilhelmina Children’s Hospital, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, PO Box 85090, 3508 AB Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Camiel A. Wijngaarde
- grid.5477.10000000120346234Department of Neurology, UMC Utrecht Brain Center, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Ruben P. A. van Eijk
- grid.5477.10000000120346234Department of Neurology, UMC Utrecht Brain Center, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands ,grid.5477.10000000120346234Biostatistics and Research Support, Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Fay-Lynn Asselman
- grid.5477.10000000120346234Department of Neurology, UMC Utrecht Brain Center, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Negina Seddiqi
- grid.5477.10000000120346234Department of Pediatric Intensive Care, Wilhelmina Children’s Hospital, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, PO Box 85090, 3508 AB Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Louise A. M. Otto
- grid.5477.10000000120346234Department of Neurology, UMC Utrecht Brain Center, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Marloes Stam
- grid.5477.10000000120346234Department of Neurology, UMC Utrecht Brain Center, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Inge Cuppen
- grid.5477.10000000120346234Department of Neurology, UMC Utrecht Brain Center, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Renske I. Wadman
- grid.5477.10000000120346234Department of Neurology, UMC Utrecht Brain Center, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Roelie M. Wösten van Asperen
- grid.5477.10000000120346234Department of Pediatric Intensive Care, Wilhelmina Children’s Hospital, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, PO Box 85090, 3508 AB Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Erik H. J. Hulzebos
- grid.5477.10000000120346234Child Development and Exercise Center, Wilhelmina Children’s Hospital, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Laura P. Verweij van den Oudenrijn
- grid.5477.10000000120346234Department of Pediatric Intensive Care, Wilhelmina Children’s Hospital, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, PO Box 85090, 3508 AB Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Bart Bartels
- grid.5477.10000000120346234Child Development and Exercise Center, Wilhelmina Children’s Hospital, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Jasmijn Boezer
- grid.5477.10000000120346234Department of Pediatric Intensive Care, Wilhelmina Children’s Hospital, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, PO Box 85090, 3508 AB Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - M. Gaytant
- grid.5477.10000000120346234Center of Home Mechanical Ventilation, Department of Pulmonology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Cornelis K. van der Ent
- grid.5477.10000000120346234Department of Pediatric Pulmonology, Wilhelmina Children’s Hospital, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - W. Ludo van der Pol
- grid.5477.10000000120346234Department of Neurology, UMC Utrecht Brain Center, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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27
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Hov B, Andersen T, Toussaint M, Mikalsen IB, Vollsaeter M, Markussen H, Indrekvam S, Hovland V. User-perceived impact of long-term mechanical assisted cough in paediatric neurodisability. Dev Med Child Neurol 2023; 65:655-663. [PMID: 36787316 DOI: 10.1111/dmcn.15543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2022] [Revised: 01/07/2023] [Accepted: 01/11/2023] [Indexed: 02/15/2023]
Abstract
AIM To (1) compare the perceived benefit of long-term mechanical insufflation-exsufflation (MI-E) of children with neuromuscular disorders (NMDs) and central nervous system (CNS) disorders, including health care needs and treatment routines and (2) describe the children's health-related quality of life (HRQoL). METHOD This cross-sectional study used a questionnaire and memory card data to assess the perceived benefit of MI-E via the Visual Analogue Scale (VAS; 10 maximum), willingness to pause treatment, level of health care needs before and after MI-E initiation, and the children's treatment routines. A DISABKIDS questionnaire assessed HRQoL (100 maximum). RESULTS Seventy-three children using MI-E participated (42 males, median [interquartile range {IQR}] age 10 years 2 months [6 years 3 months-14 years 1 month]), 47 with NMDs (such as spinal muscular atrophy and Duchenne muscular dystrophy) and 26 with CNS disorders (such as cerebral palsy, encephalitis, neurometabolic and other diseases). The median (IQR) VAS score for the perceived benefit of MI-E therapy at stable state and respiratory tract infection were 9 (6-10) and 10 (8.5-10) respectively. Sixty-two per cent were reluctant or unwilling to pause MI-E therapy, with no NMD versus CNS disorder group difference. After MI-E initiation, fewer physician consultations and hospitalizations were reported by the group with NMDs. The MI-E routine was similar in both groups. The mean (SD) HRQoL score for 26 of 51 eligible children was 71 (16.7). INTERPRETATION MI-E treatment was generally perceived as beneficial and performed equally in both diagnostic groups. HRQoL was in line with children with a moderate-to-severe chronic condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brit Hov
- Division of Paediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.,Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Tiina Andersen
- Norwegian Advisory Unit on Long-term Mechanical Ventilation, Thoracic Department, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway.,Faculty of Health and Social Sciences, Western Norway University of Applied Science, Bergen, Norway
| | - Michel Toussaint
- Centre de Référence Neuromusculaire, Département de Neurologie, Cliniques Universitaires de Bruxelles, Hôpital Erasme, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Ingvild B Mikalsen
- Department of Paediatrics, Stavanger University Hospital HF, Stavanger, Norway.,Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Maria Vollsaeter
- Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.,Department of Paediatrics, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Heidi Markussen
- Norwegian Advisory Unit on Long-term Mechanical Ventilation, Thoracic Department, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway.,Faculty of Health and Social Sciences, Western Norway University of Applied Science, Bergen, Norway
| | - Solfrid Indrekvam
- Norwegian Advisory Unit on Long-term Mechanical Ventilation, Thoracic Department, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway.,Norwegian National Register for Long-Term Mechanical Ventilation, Thoracic Department, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Vegard Hovland
- Division of Paediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
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28
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Jeffreys J, Rahman M, Vears D, Massie J. Going home: Clinician perspectives on decision-making in paediatric home mechanical ventilation. J Paediatr Child Health 2023; 59:499-504. [PMID: 36680533 DOI: 10.1111/jpc.16333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Revised: 01/03/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2023] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
AIM Despite a recent increase in the use of ventilators in the home setting for children with chronic respiratory failure, there is currently no unified approach for clinical decision-making for children requiring long-term mechanical ventilation. The purpose of this study is to understand the clinician's perspective on decision-making around home ventilation for children, and how home-based care contributes to successful outcomes in this population. METHODS We recruited physicians and home ventilation nurses with at least 2 years' experience working in an Australian paediatric tertiary home ventilation service using professional networks and snowball sampling. Semi-structured interviews were conducted by two researchers between February 2019 and June 2020. Interviews were audio-recorded, transcribed, and analysed using inductive content analysis. RESULTS Twenty-five individuals participated (17 physicians and 8 home ventilation nurses). Participants viewed themselves as impartial medical advocates in the decision-making process, believing the decision to initiate or cease ventilation belonged to the child's family. While participants held the child's quality of life as the cornerstone of decision-making, quality of life was subjective and family specific. CONCLUSION These findings provide insight into how clinicians working with children with chronic respiratory insufficiency approach the decision to introduce home-based ventilation. By understanding their role, strategies can be developed to assist them, leading to better outcomes for patients and families. Further research is needed to compare the perspectives of clinicians with the experience of ventilator-assisted children and families in Australia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliette Jeffreys
- Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Mayukh Rahman
- Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Danya Vears
- Biomedical Ethics Research Group, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - John Massie
- Biomedical Ethics Research Group, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Respiratory Medicine, Royal Children's Hospital Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Children's Bioethics Centre, Royal Children's Hospital Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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Respiratory phenotypes of neuromuscular diseases: A challenging issue for pediatricians. Pediatr Neonatol 2023; 64:109-118. [PMID: 36682912 DOI: 10.1016/j.pedneo.2022.09.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2022] [Revised: 08/25/2022] [Accepted: 09/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Neuromuscular disease (NMDs) encompass a heterogeneous group of genetic disorders, with respiratory problems of variable intensity and progression described at any pediatric age, from infancy to adolescence, and they are largely associated with significant lifelong morbidity and high mortality. Restriction of breathing, impaired gas exchange, decline of lung function and sleep disordered breathing progressively develop because of muscular weakness and culminate in respiratory failure. Depending on the disease progression, airways manifestations can take weeks to months or even years to evolve, thus depicting two major respiratory phenotypes, characterized by rapid or slow progression to respiratory failure. Assessing type and age at onset of airways problems and their evolution over time can support pediatricians in the diagnostic assessment of NMD. In addition, knowing the characteristics of patients' respiratory phenotype can increase the level of awareness among neonatologists, geneticists, neurologists, pulmonologists, nutritionists, and chest therapists, supporting them in the challenging task of the multidisciplinary medical care of patients. In this review we examine the issues related to the pediatric respiratory phenotypes of NMD and present a novel algorithm that can act as a guide for the diagnostic agenda and the key preventive or therapeutic interventions of airways manifestations. With prolonged survival of children with NMD, the advent of neuromuscular respiratory medicine, including accurate assessment of the respiratory phenotype, will help physicians to determine patients' prognoses and to design studies for the evaluation of new therapies.
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Katz SL, Blinder H, Newhook D, Bmus LA, Nicholls S, McMillan HJ, Mah JK, Campbell C, McAdam LC, Zielinski D, Toupin-April K, Momoli F, McKim DA. Understanding the experiences of lung volume recruitment among boys with Duchenne muscular dystrophy: A multicenter qualitative study. Pediatr Pulmonol 2023; 58:46-54. [PMID: 36102618 DOI: 10.1002/ppul.26154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2022] [Revised: 08/22/2022] [Accepted: 09/08/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite recommendations for regular lung volume recruitment (LVR) use in clinical practice guidelines for children with neuromuscular disease, adherence to LVR is poor. We aimed to describe the experience of LVR by boys with Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD), their families, and healthcare providers (HCPs), as well as to identify the barriers and facilitators to LVR use. METHODS This multicenter, qualitative study evaluated boys with DMD (n = 11) who used twice-daily LVR as part of a randomized controlled trial, as well as their parents (n = 11), and HCPs involved in the clinical use of LVR (n = 9). Semistructured interviews were conducted to identify participants' understanding of LVR therapy and their beliefs, barriers and facilitators to its use. Thematic analysis was conducted using an inductive approach. A subanalysis compared adherent and nonadherent children. RESULTS Seven themes were identified related to participants' beliefs and experiences with LVR: emotional impact, adaptation to LVR, perceived benefits of LVR, routine, family engagement, clinical resources, and equipment-related factors. Strategies to improve adherence were also identified, including education, reinforcement and demonstration of LVR benefit, as well as clinician support. There were no thematic differences between adherent and nonadherent children. DISCUSSION Despite the benefits of LVR and positive experiences with it by many families, there remain barriers to adherence to treatment. HCPs need to balance the need for early introduction to give families time to adapt to LVR while ensuring that the benefit of LVR outweighs the burden. Clinician support is important for family engagement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sherri L Katz
- Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.,Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Henrietta Blinder
- Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Dennis Newhook
- Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Leana Azerrad Bmus
- Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Stuart Nicholls
- The Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Hugh J McMillan
- Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.,Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jean K Mah
- Department of Pediatrics and Clinical Neurosciences, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.,Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.,Division of Pediatric Neurology, Alberta Children's Hospital, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Craig Campbell
- Pediatrics, Epidemiology and Clinical Neurological Sciences, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Paediatrics, Children's Hospital London Health Sciences Centre, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Laura C McAdam
- Holland Bloorview Kids Rehabilitation Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Pediatrics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - David Zielinski
- Montreal Children's Hospital, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,Research Institute of McGill University Health Centre, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Karine Toupin-April
- Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.,Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Franco Momoli
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Douglas A McKim
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.,The Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.,CANVent Respiratory Rehabilitation Services, The Ottawa Hospital Rehabilitation Centre, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
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Ambulatory transcutaneous carbon dioxide monitoring for children with neuromuscular disease. Sleep Med 2023; 101:221-227. [PMID: 36435158 DOI: 10.1016/j.sleep.2022.10.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2022] [Revised: 10/21/2022] [Accepted: 10/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Early screening and diagnosis of nocturnal hypoventilation can slow progression to diurnal hypercapnia and mortality in children with neuromuscular disease (NMD). However, gold standard, laboratory-based polysomnography (PSG) testing is a limited resource. Therefore, we evaluated the diagnostic accuracy of ambulatory transcutaneous carbon dioxide (tcCO2) monitoring used in the home compared to PSG in children with NMD. METHODS Prospective, cross-sectional study in children 0-18 years old with a confirmed diagnosis of NMD and a clinically indicated need for PSG. Ambulatory tcCO2 was assessed by a respiratory therapist in participant's homes. Demographics, and PSG (including tcCO2). RESULTS We enrolled 39 children with NMD; 3 had unusable ambulatory tcCO2 data because of failure of drift correction on the machine (n = 2) or an air bubble (n = 1). The remaining 36 patients aged 11 months to 16 years (median (IQR) 12.5 years (6.0-15.8)) had ambulatory tcCO2 and outpatient level 1 PSG data. Ambulatory tcCO2 monitoring had a sensitivity of 20.0% (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.5-71.6%) and a specificity of 93.5% (95% CI 78.6-99.2%). Almost all children and/or parents (34/36, 94%) preferred ambulatory monitoring over in-hospital PSG. CONCLUSIONS Ambulatory transcutaneous carbon dioxide monitoring was not sufficiently accurate as a clinical tool for the diagnosis of nocturnal hypoventilation our cohort of children with neuromuscular disease despite being preferred over PSG by both children and parents.
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Sheers NL, Berlowitz DJ, Dirago RK, Naughton P, Henderson S, Rigoni A, Saravanan K, Rochford P, Howard ME. Rapidly and slowly progressive neuromuscular disease: differences in pulmonary function, respiratory tract infections and response to lung volume recruitment therapy (LVR). BMJ Open Respir Res 2022; 9:9/1/e001241. [PMID: 36600411 PMCID: PMC9772639 DOI: 10.1136/bmjresp-2022-001241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2022] [Accepted: 12/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Reduced lung volumes are a hallmark of respiratory muscle weakness in neuromuscular disease (NMD). Low respiratory system compliance (Crs) may contribute to restriction and be amenable to lung volume recruitment (LVR) therapy. This study evaluated respiratory function and the immediate impact of LVR in rapidly progressive compared to slowly progressive NMD. METHODS We compared vital capacity (VC), static lung volumes, maximal inspiratory and expiratory pressures (MIP, MEP), Crs and peak cough flow (PCF) in 80 adult participants with motor neuron disease ('MND'=27) and more slowly progressive NMDs ('other NMD'=53), pre and post a single session of LVR. Relationships between respiratory markers and a history of respiratory tract infections (RTI) were examined. RESULTS Participants with other NMD had lower lung volumes and Crs but similar reduction in respiratory muscle strength compared with participants with MND (VC=1.30±0.77 vs 2.12±0.75 L, p<0.001; Crs=0.0331±0.0245 vs 0.0473±0.0241 L/cmH2O, p=0.024; MIP=39.8±21.3 vs 37.8±19.5 cmH2O). More participants with other NMD reported an RTI in the previous year (53% vs 22%, p=0.01). The likelihood of having a prior RTI was associated with baseline VC (%predicted) (OR=1.03 (95% CI 1.00 to 1.06), p=0.029). Published thresholds (VC<1.1 L or PCF<270 L/min) were, however, not associated with prior RTI.A single session of LVR improved Crs (mean (95% CI) increase = 0.0038 (0.0001 to 0.0075) L/cmH2O, p=0.047) but not VC. CONCLUSION These findings corroborate the hypothesis that ventilatory restriction in NMD is related to weakness initially with respiratory system stiffness potentiating lung volume loss in slowly progressive disease. A single session of LVR can improve Crs. A randomised controlled trial of regular LVR is needed to assess longer-term effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole L Sheers
- Department of Respiratory and Sleep Medicine, Austin Health, Heidelberg, Victoria, Australia,Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia,Institute for Breathing and Sleep, Heidelberg, Victoria, Australia
| | - David J Berlowitz
- Department of Respiratory and Sleep Medicine, Austin Health, Heidelberg, Victoria, Australia,Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia,Institute for Breathing and Sleep, Heidelberg, Victoria, Australia,Department of Physiotherapy, Austin Health, Heidelberg, Victoria, Australia
| | - Rebecca K Dirago
- Institute for Breathing and Sleep, Heidelberg, Victoria, Australia,Department of Physiotherapy, Austin Health, Heidelberg, Victoria, Australia,Steps Neurological Therapy Services, Hughesdale, Victoria, Australia
| | - Phoebe Naughton
- Institute for Breathing and Sleep, Heidelberg, Victoria, Australia,Department of Physiotherapy, Monash Health, Berwick, Victoria, Australia
| | - Sandra Henderson
- Institute for Breathing and Sleep, Heidelberg, Victoria, Australia
| | - Alyssa Rigoni
- Institute for Breathing and Sleep, Heidelberg, Victoria, Australia
| | - Krisha Saravanan
- Institute for Breathing and Sleep, Heidelberg, Victoria, Australia
| | - Peter Rochford
- Institute for Breathing and Sleep, Heidelberg, Victoria, Australia
| | - Mark E Howard
- Department of Respiratory and Sleep Medicine, Austin Health, Heidelberg, Victoria, Australia,Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia,Institute for Breathing and Sleep, Heidelberg, Victoria, Australia
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Perez G, Young L, Kravitz R, Sheehan D, Adang L, Van Haren K, Lin JL, Jaffe NN, Kuo D, Ball L, Keller J, Sank J, DiVito D, Naime S. Pulmonological issues. Curr Probl Pediatr Adolesc Health Care 2022; 52:101313. [PMID: 36470809 DOI: 10.1016/j.cppeds.2022.101313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Pediatric leukodystrophies are rare neurodegenerative diseases involving multiple systems. Each form has unique neurologic features but are characterized by encephalopathy with accompanying impairments evidenced in reflexes, muscle tone and movement control. Weakness of expiratory, inspiratory, and upper airway muscles may lead to impaired airway secretion clearance resulting in recurrent respiratory infections, dysphagia, sleep-disordered breathing, restrictive lung disease, and ultimately chronic respiratory insufficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Lisa Young
- Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | | | | | - Laura Adang
- Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | | | - Jody L Lin
- Universty of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | | | - Dennis Kuo
- Strong Memorial Hospital, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Laura Ball
- Children's National Medical Center, Washington DC, USA
| | | | | | - Donna DiVito
- Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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Abstract
OBJECTIVES To map the evidence for ventilation liberation practices in pediatric respiratory failure using the Realist And MEta-narrative Evidence Syntheses: Evolving Standards publication standards. DATA SOURCES CINAHL, MEDLINE, COCHRANE, and EMBASE. Trial registers included the following: ClinicalTrials.gov, European Union clinical trials register, International Standardized Randomized Controlled Trial Number register. STUDY SELECTION Abstracts were screened followed by review of full text. Articles published in English language incorporating a heterogeneous population of both infants and older children were assessed. DATA EXTRACTION None. DATA SYNTHESIS Weaning can be considered as the process by which positive pressure is decreased and the patient becomes increasingly responsible for generating the energy necessary for effective gas exchange. With the growing use of noninvasive respiratory support, extubation can lie in the middle of the weaning process if some additional positive pressure is used after extubation, while for some extubation may constitute the end of weaning. Testing for extubation readiness is a key component of the weaning process as it allows the critical care practitioner to assess the capability and endurance of the patient's respiratory system to resume unassisted ventilation. Spontaneous breathing trials (SBTs) are often seen as extubation readiness testing (ERT), but the SBT is used to determine if the patient can maintain adequate spontaneous ventilation with minimal ventilatory support, whereas ERT implies the patient is ready for extubation. CONCLUSIONS Current literature suggests using a structured approach that includes a daily assessment of patient's readiness to extubate may reduce total ventilation time. Increasing evidence indicates that such daily assessments needs to include SBTs without added pressure support. Measures of elevated load as well as measures of impaired respiratory muscle capacity are independently associated with extubation failure in children, indicating that these should also be assessed as part of ERT.
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35
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Caldarelli V, Porcaro F, Filippo PD, Attanasi M, Fainardi V, Gallucci M, Mazza A, Ullmann N, La Grutta S. Long-Term Ventilation in Children with Medical Complexity: A Challenging Issue. CHILDREN (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 9:1700. [PMID: 36360427 PMCID: PMC9688784 DOI: 10.3390/children9111700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2022] [Revised: 10/11/2022] [Accepted: 10/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/09/2023]
Abstract
Children with medical complexity (CMCs) represent a subgroup of children who may have congenital or acquired multisystemic disease. CMCs are frequently predisposed to respiratory problems and often require long-term mechanical ventilation (LTMV). The indications for LTMV in CMCs are increasing, but gathering evidence about indications, titration, and monitoring is currently the most difficult challenge due to the absence of validated data. The aim of this review was to examine the clinical indications and ethical considerations for the initiation, continuation, or withdrawal of LTMV among CMCs. The decision to initiate long-term ventilation should always be based on clinical and ethical considerations and should be shared with the parents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valeria Caldarelli
- Department of Mother and Child, Azienda USL-IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, 42123 Reggio Emilia, Italy
| | - Federica Porcaro
- Pediatric Pulmonology & Respiratory Intermediate Care Unit, Sleep and Long-Term Ventilation Unit, Academic Department of Pediatrics, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, IRCCS, 00146 Rome, Italy
| | - Paola Di Filippo
- Department of Pediatrics, SS Annunziata Hospital, University of Chieti, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Marina Attanasi
- Department of Pediatrics, SS Annunziata Hospital, University of Chieti, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Valentina Fainardi
- Cystic Fibrosis Unit, Department of Paediatrics, Parma University Hospital, 43126 Parma, Italy
| | - Marcella Gallucci
- Department of Pediatrics, S. Orsola-Malpighi Hospital, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Angelo Mazza
- Department of Pediatrics, ASST Papa Giovanni XXIII, 24127 Bergamo, Italy
| | - Nicola Ullmann
- Pediatric Pulmonology & Respiratory Intermediate Care Unit, Sleep and Long-Term Ventilation Unit, Academic Department of Pediatrics, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, IRCCS, 00146 Rome, Italy
| | - Stefania La Grutta
- Institute of Traslational Pharmacology IFT, National Research Council, 90146 Palermo, Italy
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36
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Chen XX, Perez GF. Link between nocturnal hypoventilation and hypoxia on arrhythmias/CV morbidity in neuromuscular disorders. PROGRESS IN PEDIATRIC CARDIOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ppedcard.2022.101601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Frange C, Franco AM, Brasil E, Hirata RP, Lino JA, Mortari DM, Ykeda DS, Leocádio-Miguel MA, D’Aurea CVR, Silva LOE, Telles SCL, Furlan SF, Peruchi BB, Leite CF, Yagihara FT, Campos LD, Ulhôa MA, Cruz MGDR, Beidacki R, Santos RB, de Queiroz SS, Barreto S, Piccin VS, Coelho FMS, Studart L, Assis M, Drager LF. Practice recommendations for the role of physiotherapy in the management of sleep disorders: the 2022 Brazilian Sleep Association Guidelines. Sleep Sci 2022; 15:515-573. [PMID: 36419815 PMCID: PMC9670776 DOI: 10.5935/1984-0063.20220083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2022] [Accepted: 09/19/2022] [Indexed: 08/13/2024] Open
Abstract
This clinical guideline supported by the Brazilian Sleep Association comprises a brief history of the development of Brazilian sleep physiotherapy, outlines the role of the physiotherapist as part of a sleep health team, and describes the clinical guidelines in respect of the management of some sleep disorders by the physiotherapist (including sleep breathing disorders, i.e., obstructive sleep apnea, central sleep apnea, upper airway resistance syndrome, hypoventilation syndromes and overlap syndrome, and pediatric sleep breathing disorders; sleep bruxism; circadian rhythms disturbances; insomnia; and Willis-Ekbom disease/periodic limb movement disorder. This clinical practice guideline reflects the state of the art at the time of publication and will be reviewed and updated as new information becomes available.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Frange
- Departamento de Neurologia e Neurocirurgia, Escola Paulista de
Medicina (EPM), Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP) - São
Paulo - SP - Brazil
- Associação Brasileira do Sono - São Paulo - SP
- Brazil
| | - Aline Marques Franco
- Associação Brasileira do Sono - São Paulo - SP
- Brazil
- Departamento de Neurociências e Ciências do
Comportamento, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de
São Paulo (FMRP-USP) - Ribeirão Preto - SP - Brazil
| | - Evelyn Brasil
- Associação Brasileira do Sono - São Paulo - SP
- Brazil
- Departamento de Terapia Intensiva, Hospital Israelita Albert
Einstein (HIAE) - São Paulo - SP - Brazil
| | - Raquel Pastrello Hirata
- Associação Brasileira do Sono - São Paulo - SP
- Brazil
- Laboratório de Pesquisa em Fisioterapia Pulmonar,
Departamento de Fisioterapia, Universidade Estadual de Londrina (UEL) - Londrina -
PR - Brazil
| | - Juliana Arcanjo Lino
- Associação Brasileira do Sono - São Paulo - SP
- Brazil
- Ciências Médicas, Universidade Federal do
Ceará (UFC) - Fortaleza - CE - Brazil
| | - Daiana Moreira Mortari
- Associação Brasileira do Sono - São Paulo - SP
- Brazil
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul - Porto Alegre - RS -
Brazil
| | - Daisy Satomi Ykeda
- Associação Brasileira do Sono - São Paulo - SP
- Brazil
- Curso de Fisioterapia, Universidade Estadual do Piauí
(UESPI) - Teresina - PI - Brazil
| | - Mario André Leocádio-Miguel
- Associação Brasileira do Sono - São Paulo - SP
- Brazil
- Departamento de Fisiologia e Comportamento, Universidade Federal do
Rio Grande do Norte - Natal - RN - Brazil
| | | | - Luciana Oliveira e Silva
- Associação Brasileira do Sono - São Paulo - SP
- Brazil
- Departamento de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade
Federal de Uberlândia (UFU) - Uberlândia - MG - Brazil
| | | | - Sofia Fontanello Furlan
- Associação Brasileira do Sono - São Paulo - SP
- Brazil
- Unidade de Hipertensão, Instituto do Coração
(InCor), Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo (USP) - São
Paulo - SP - Brazil
| | - Bruno Búrigo Peruchi
- Associação Brasileira do Sono - São Paulo - SP
- Brazil
- Laboratório de Neurociência, Universidade do Estado
de Santa Catarina (UNESC) - Criciúma - SC - Brazil
| | - Camila Ferreira Leite
- Associação Brasileira do Sono - São Paulo - SP
- Brazil
- Departamento de Fisioterapia, UFC; Programas de Mestrado em
Fisioterapia e Funcionalidade, e Mestrado em Ciências Cardiovasculares, UFC -
Fortaleza - CE - Brazil
| | - Fabiana Tokie Yagihara
- Associação Brasileira do Sono - São Paulo - SP
- Brazil
- Setor de Neurofisiologia Clínica, Departamento de
Neurologia e Neurocirurgia, EPM, UNIFESP - São Paulo - SP - Brazil
| | | | - Melissa Araújo Ulhôa
- Associação Brasileira do Sono - São Paulo - SP
- Brazil
- Instituto Metropolitano de Ensino Superior, Faculdade de Medicina
do Vale do Aço (UNIVAÇO) - Ipatinga - MG - Brazil
| | | | - Ricardo Beidacki
- Associação Brasileira do Sono - São Paulo - SP
- Brazil
- Faculdade Inspirar, Unidade Porto Alegre - Porto Alegre - RS -
Brazil
| | - Ronaldo Batista Santos
- Associação Brasileira do Sono - São Paulo - SP
- Brazil
- Departamento de Fisioterapia, Hospital Universitário, USP -
São Paulo - Brazil
| | | | - Simone Barreto
- Associação Brasileira do Sono - São Paulo - SP
- Brazil
- Instituto do Sono, Associação Fundo Incentivo
à Pesquisa - São Paulo - Brazil
| | - Vivien Schmeling Piccin
- Associação Brasileira do Sono - São Paulo - SP
- Brazil
- Laboratório do Sono, Divisão de Pneumologia do
Instituto do Coração (InCor), FMUSP, USP - São Paulo - SP -
Brazil
| | - Fernando Morgadinho Santos Coelho
- Departamento de Neurologia e Neurocirurgia, Escola Paulista de
Medicina (EPM), Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP) - São
Paulo - SP - Brazil
- Associação Brasileira do Sono - São Paulo - SP
- Brazil
- Departamento de Psicobiologia, EPM, UNIFESP - São Paulo -
SP - Brazil
| | - Luciana Studart
- Associação Brasileira do Sono - São Paulo - SP
- Brazil
- Universidade Federal de Pernambuco - Recife - PE - Brazil
| | - Marcia Assis
- Associação Brasileira do Sono - São Paulo - SP
- Brazil
- Clínica do Sono de Curitiba, Hospital São Lucas -
Curitiba - PR - Brazil
| | - Luciano F. Drager
- Associação Brasileira do Sono - São Paulo - SP
- Brazil
- Unidade de Hipertensão, Instituto do Coração
(InCor), Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo (USP) - São
Paulo - SP - Brazil
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Sadacharam K, He Z, Edelson MF, McMahon K, Madurski C, Brenn BR. Predictors of postoperative systemic inflammatory response syndrome after scoliosis surgery in adolescents with cerebral palsy: A retrospective analysis. NORTH AMERICAN SPINE SOCIETY JOURNAL (NASSJ) 2022; 11:100135. [PMID: 35846346 PMCID: PMC9283660 DOI: 10.1016/j.xnsj.2022.100135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2022] [Revised: 05/18/2022] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Background Systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) is known to complicate postsurgical intensive care patients. We noticed that roughly half children with cerebral palsy who undergo posterior spinal fusion (PSF) for neuromuscular scoliosis developed SIRS in the intensive care unit. There is a paucity of literature detailing the impact of intraoperative causes of postoperative SIRS and downstream consequences in these patients. Study purpose was to understand the factors associated with SIRS in children who undergo PSF for neuromuscular scoliosis. Methods This retrospective, case control study included children who underwent PSF for neuromuscular scoliosis. Patients with idiopathic scoliosis, osteogenesis imperfecta, and tracheotomy were excluded. Subjects were divided into two study groups based on the diagnosis of SIRS in the intensive care unit. Descriptive statistical analysis was used to identify factors associated with SIRS; a regression analysis was used to further evaluate the independent and significant influence of these factors. Results There was no significant difference in the demographic and other preoperative variables. However, total blood products (ml/kg) administered was significantly higher among the SIRS group compared with the non-SIRS group (54.4±41.0 vs 34.1±21.5 P <0.034). Percent of patients remaining intubated was greater in the SIRS group compared with the non-SIRS group (44.1% vs 7.0%, P < 0.001). The regression model revealed that the odds to develop SIRS in patients who were not extubated were 7.467-fold higher (CI: 1.534-36.347) compared with those who were extubated (p=0.013). Conclusions The incidence of SIRS is significantly higher among the patients who were not extubated at the end of PSF surgery. Further prospective studies are needed to look at the factors that impede the ability to extubate these patients at the end of surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kesavan Sadacharam
- Nemours Children's Health, 1600 Rockland Road, Wilmington, DE, 19803, USA
- Sidney Kimmel Medical College of Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Corresponding author at: Nemours Children's Health, 1600 Rockland Road, Wilmington, DE, 19803, USA.
| | - Zhaoping He
- Nemours Children's Health, 1600 Rockland Road, Wilmington, DE, 19803, USA
- Sidney Kimmel Medical College of Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Maureen F. Edelson
- Nemours Children's Health, 1600 Rockland Road, Wilmington, DE, 19803, USA
| | - Kimberly McMahon
- Nemours Children's Health, 1600 Rockland Road, Wilmington, DE, 19803, USA
| | - Catherine Madurski
- Nemours Children's Health, 1600 Rockland Road, Wilmington, DE, 19803, USA
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Beydon N, Leye F, Bokov P, Delclaux C. Prediction of height using ulna length in African-Caribbean children. Pediatr Pulmonol 2022; 57:2032-2039. [PMID: 35567383 DOI: 10.1002/ppul.25972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2022] [Revised: 04/30/2022] [Accepted: 05/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Standing height is an essential anthropometric measurement in pediatrics. In children unable to stand upright, measurement of ulna to predict standing height is recommended, but height prediction equations based on the ulna have not been established in children of African ancestry. We hypothesized that such equations would result in lower predicted height compared to using equations derived from non-African children. We measured prospectively standing height and both ulna in 358 African-Caribbean children without bone deformity or muscle disease, referred to two pulmonary function test laboratories. Interobserver variability was low for standing height (n = 54) and ulna measurement (n = 51) (mean biases [95%CI]: -0.02 [-0.99; 0.95] and 0.05 [-0.91; 1.01] cm, respectively), as well as inter-ulna variability (n = 352; mean bias 0.03 95%CI [-0.66; 0.73] cm). We used the mean value of 247 bilateral ulna measurements to calculate prediction equations using a generalized linear model including age, sex, ulna length, and geographic origin group, the latter showing no influence on the model. In the validation population of 107 children, the median difference [inter-quartile range] between standing height and ulna-predicted height was -0.4 [-2.7; 1.0] cm. Of 260 reliable baseline spirometry, there was a strong concordance between bronchial obstruction diagnosis established using standing height or ulna-predicted height (kappa coefficient: 0.85 [0.77; 0.94]) with only 11 (4.3%) children misclassified. The ulna predicted height calculated from African-Caribbean prediction equations resulted in a smaller height than the height calculated using equations derived from non-African children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole Beydon
- AP-HP.Sorbonne-Université, Unité Fonctionnelle de Physiologie-Explorations Fonctionnelles Respiratoires et du Sommeil, Hôpital Armand Trousseau, INSERM, U 938, Centre de Recherche Saint Antoine, Hôpital Saint-Antoine, Paris, France
| | - Fallou Leye
- AP-HP.Nord-Université de Paris, Unité d'Epidémiologie Clinique, INSERM CIC 1426, F-75019, Hôpital Robert Debré, Paris, France
| | - Plamen Bokov
- AP-HP.Nord-Université de Paris, Service de Physiologie Pédiatrique-Centre du Sommeil, INSERM NeuroDiderot, Hôpital Robert Debré, Paris, France
| | - Christophe Delclaux
- AP-HP.Nord-Université de Paris, Service de Physiologie Pédiatrique-Centre du Sommeil, INSERM NeuroDiderot, Hôpital Robert Debré, Paris, France
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Panagiotou P, Kanaka-Gantenbein C, Kaditis AG. Changes in Ventilatory Support Requirements of Spinal Muscular Atrophy (SMA) Patients Post Gene-Based Therapies. CHILDREN (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 9:children9081207. [PMID: 36010097 PMCID: PMC9406975 DOI: 10.3390/children9081207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2022] [Revised: 08/08/2022] [Accepted: 08/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) is a genetic neuromuscular disease resulting in global muscular weakness and, frequently, in respiratory failure and premature death. Gene-based therapies like Nusinersen are now available for patients with SMA. The aim of this review was to assess in "real world" studies, whether novel treatments would have a positive impact on the mechanical ventilatory support requirements of SMA patients, already initiated on ventilatory support prior to treatment administration. A literature search was performed in Pubmed using multiple combinations of MESH terms and the snowball procedure. A total of 14 publications were discussed in this review. Considering all patients included in the published studies who were on ventilatory support and were treated with Nusinersen, 13/172 (7.5%) had reduced needs for ventilatory support, 1/172 (0.6%) did not need ventilation post-treatment, and 122/172 (70.9%) were maintained on the same ventilator settings. Moreover, 2/41 (4.9%) children who were offered gene therapy had no need for further ventilatory support and 12/41 (29.2%) had reduced requirements. In conclusion, available evidence suggests that among children with SMA, who are on mechanical respiratory support either noninvasively or via tracheostomy at the time of gene-based treatment, only a few will be weaned off the ventilator or have reduced ventilator needs per 24 h. Children will usually require the same level of support as before treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Panagiota Panagiotou
- Department on Pediatric Respiratory Medicine, Evelina London Children’s Hospital, London SE1 7EH, UK
- Division of Pediatric Pulmonology and Sleep Disorders Laboratory, First Department of Pediatrics, Agia Sofia Children’s Hospital, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece
| | - Christina Kanaka-Gantenbein
- Division of Pediatric Pulmonology and Sleep Disorders Laboratory, First Department of Pediatrics, Agia Sofia Children’s Hospital, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece
| | - Athanasios G. Kaditis
- Division of Pediatric Pulmonology and Sleep Disorders Laboratory, First Department of Pediatrics, Agia Sofia Children’s Hospital, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece
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Lotta S, Lisa B. Congenital or Early Developing Neuromuscular Diseases Affecting Feeding, Swallowing and Speech – A Review of the Literature from January 1998 to August 2021. J Neuromuscul Dis 2022; 9:581-596. [PMID: 35848032 PMCID: PMC9535595 DOI: 10.3233/jnd-210772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Background: The knowledge about the impact of oral motor impairment in neuromuscular diseases (NMDs) is limited but increasing. Objective: The aim of this review was to collect and compile knowledge on how muscle weakness in congenital or early developing NMDs directly or indirectly affects feeding, swallowing, speech and saliva control. Methods: A literature search was performed in PubMed from January 1, 1998, to August 31, 2021. The keywords “feeding”, “dysphagia”, “swallowing”, “dysarthria”, “speech”, “drooling” and “sialorrhea” were used in combination with “paediatric neuromuscular disease” or specific diagnoses. Results: Sixty-five studies were selected for the review, 33 focused on feeding and swallowing, 11 on speech, four on a combination of feeding, swallowing, saliva control or speech and 17 general descriptions. Most of the studies reported on patients with a disorder affecting muscles. These studies show that muscle weakness and impaired motility affecting the muscles innervated by the cranial nerves may influence feeding, swallowing, and speech, and that respiratory function, general health and neurodevelopmental delay also influence these functions. Feeding impairment and breathing difficulties are common in NMDs. Lifesaving interventions such as tube feeding and ventilatory support are common in severe cases. Conclusions: Feeding impairment, dysphagia and dysarthria are prevalent in NMDs with congenital or early age of onset. Feeding and swallowing has been studied more than speech and saliva control. More children with NMD survive thanks to new treatment options and it is therefore urgent to follow up how these therapies may impact the development of feeding, swallowing, and speech.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sjögreen Lotta
- Mun-H-Center, Orofacial Resource Centre for Rare Diseases, Public Dental Service, Medicinaregatan, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Bengtsson Lisa
- Mun-H-Center, Orofacial Resource Centre for Rare Diseases, Public Dental Service, Medicinaregatan, Gothenburg, Sweden
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Veldhoen ES, Roos JH, Bekkema R, van der Pol LW, Tinnevelt MHB, Verweij-van den Oudenrijn LP, Wösten-van Asperen RM, Hulzebos EHJ, Wijngaarde CA, van der Ent CK. Oscillometry: A substitute of spirometry in children with neuromuscular diseases? Pediatr Pulmonol 2022; 57:1618-1624. [PMID: 35441830 PMCID: PMC9322586 DOI: 10.1002/ppul.25923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2021] [Revised: 04/08/2022] [Accepted: 04/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Spirometry plays an important role in the assessment of possible respiratory failure in children with neuromuscular diseases (NMDs). However, obtaining reliable spirometry results is a major challenge. We studied the relation between oscillometry and spirometry results. Oscillometry is an easy, noninvasive method to measure respiratory resistance R and reactance X. We hypothesized an increased R and reduced X in patients with more reduced lung function. METHODS In this prospective single-center study, we included all children with NMDs able to perform spirometry. We consecutively measured R and X at 5, 11, and 19 Hz and (forced) vital capacity, peak expiratory flow. Spearman correlation coefficients and positive and negative predictive values were calculated. Regression curves were estimated. RESULTS We included 148 patients, median age 13 years (interquartile range: 8-16). A negative correlation was found between R and spirometry outcomes (Spearman correlation coefficient [ρ]: -0.5 to -0.6, p < 0.001). A positive correlation was found between X (i.e., less negative outcomes) and spirometry outcomes (ρ: 0.4-0.6, p < 0.001). Highest correlation was found at lower frequencies. Regression analysis showed a nonlinear relation. Measurement of inspiratory and expiratory R and X did not provide added value. Positive predictive values of 80%-85% were found for z-scores of R measured at 5 Hz versus (F)VC ≤ 60%. CONCLUSION We found a nonlinear relation between oscillometry and spirometry results with increased R and reduced X in patients with more restrictive lung function decline. Given the difficulties with performing spirometry, oscillometry may be a promising substitute.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esther S Veldhoen
- Pediatric Intensive Care Unit and Center of Home Mechanical Ventilation, Wilhelmina Children's Hospital, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Johan H Roos
- Pediatric Intensive Care Unit and Center of Home Mechanical Ventilation, Wilhelmina Children's Hospital, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Rolien Bekkema
- Department of Pediatric Pulmonology, Wilhelmina Children's Hospital, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Ludo W van der Pol
- Department of Neurology, Brain Centre Rudolf Magnus, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Marcel H B Tinnevelt
- Pediatric Intensive Care Unit and Center of Home Mechanical Ventilation, Wilhelmina Children's Hospital, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Laura P Verweij-van den Oudenrijn
- Pediatric Intensive Care Unit and Center of Home Mechanical Ventilation, Wilhelmina Children's Hospital, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Roelie M Wösten-van Asperen
- Pediatric Intensive Care Unit, Wilhelmina Children's Hospital, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Erik H J Hulzebos
- Child Development and Exercise Center, Wilhelmina Children's Hospital, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Camiel A Wijngaarde
- Department of Neurology, Brain Centre Rudolf Magnus, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Cornelis K van der Ent
- Department of Pediatric Pulmonology, Wilhelmina Children's Hospital, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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Audag N, Dubus JC, Combret Y. [Respiratory physiotherapy in pediatric practice]. Rev Mal Respir 2022; 39:547-560. [PMID: 35738979 DOI: 10.1016/j.rmr.2022.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2021] [Accepted: 04/03/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Congestion of the upper (URT) and lower respiratory tracts (LRT) is a common symptom in several acute and chronic respiratory diseases that occur in childhood. To eliminate these secretions, airway clearance techniques (ACT) directed to the URT and LRT are frequently prescribed. The rationale for the application of these techniques is the same as in adults, but they need to be adapted to be transposed to children. The physiotherapist will be able to choose among a wide range of techniques, of which the most adequate will depend not only on the age of the child and the indication, but also on the basis of his preferences or habits, as well as those of the child. Upper airway clearance, including nasal irrigation, is now recommended for acute and chronic rhinosinusitis in children. It is also one of the symptomatic treatments recommended for infants with acute bronchiolitis. For LRT clearance, several indications, such as cystic fibrosis, primary ciliary dyskinesia and neuromuscular disease, are now widely advocated. Conversely, other indications, such as for infants with acute viral bronchiolitis, are highly controversial. Thoughtful application of these techniques is lacking in robust and precise tools to objectively assess the presence of bronchial congestion, and to treat it accordingly. Similarly, no precise and reliable evaluation of the effectiveness of these ACTs is available to date. This review is designed to explore the ACTs used by physiotherapists, to provide an overview of their current indications, and to consider complementary approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Audag
- Institut de recherche expérimentale et clinique, pôle de pneumologie, ORL & dermatologie, groupe recherche en kinésithérapie respiratoire, université Catholique de Louvain, Bruxelles, Belgique; Secteur de kinésithérapie et ergothérapie, cliniques universitaires Saint-Luc, avenue Hippocrate 10, Bruxelles 1200, Belgique.
| | - J-C Dubus
- Service de médecine infantile et pneumologie pédiatrique, CHU Timone-Enfants, Marseille, France; Aix-Marseille université, IRD, AP-HM, MEPHI, IHU Méditerranée-infection, Marseille, France
| | - Y Combret
- Secteur de kinésithérapie, Groupe Hospitalier du Havre, 76600 Le Havre, France
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[Pneumatic instrumental airway clearance techniques: Description, settings and indications]. Rev Mal Respir 2022; 39:534-546. [PMID: 35732538 DOI: 10.1016/j.rmr.2022.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2021] [Accepted: 04/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Airway clearance techniques aim to eliminate excess of bronchopulmonary secretions. Common airway clearance methods involve manual techniques or the use of (oscillatory) positive expiratory pressure systems. In some clinical situations, these techniques may be ineffective, and the physiotherapist will require pneumatic instrumental support. Unfortunately, these devices are expensive and burdensome. Moreover, as their utilization requires specialized expertise, they are seldom used by practitioners. This article describes the pneumatic instrumental supports mainly used in France for airway clearance techniques currently available. We explain their key characteristics, how they function, and their basic settings according to different indications.
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Angeli M, Alpantaki K, Pandis N, Koutserimpas C, Hadjipavlou A. The effect of scoliosis surgery on pulmonary function in spinal muscular atrophy patients: review of the literature and a meta-analysis. EUROPEAN SPINE JOURNAL : OFFICIAL PUBLICATION OF THE EUROPEAN SPINE SOCIETY, THE EUROPEAN SPINAL DEFORMITY SOCIETY, AND THE EUROPEAN SECTION OF THE CERVICAL SPINE RESEARCH SOCIETY 2022; 31:2279-2286. [PMID: 35662367 DOI: 10.1007/s00586-022-07182-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2021] [Revised: 03/05/2022] [Accepted: 03/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To determine the effect of surgical instrumentation on pulmonary function after surgery. METHODS A literature review was performed to identify articles reporting on the effect of scoliosis surgery on the pulmonary function in patients with spinal muscular atrophy (SMA). Data for each patient were extracted from included studies, and a meta-analysis was performed using the values of forced vital capacity (FVC) before and after surgery. RESULTS A total of 127 articles were reviewed, and ten articles were selected for data extraction according to inclusion criteria. The results of the meta-analysis showed no difference in respiratory function pre-operatively and at last follow-up. Four out of ten studies demonstrated similar results and five studies reported a decrease in pulmonary function after surgery. Only one study showed improvement in lung function. CONCLUSION At the moment, there is insufficient evidence in the literature to support that spinal surgery can improve respiratory function. According to our meta-analysis study, vital capacity remains either unchanged or the rate of deterioration is decreased after surgery. Nevertheless, these are both considered favorable outcomes taking into account the natural course of the disease with progressive deterioration of pulmonary function over time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Angeli
- Department of Paediatrics, Heraklion University Hospital, Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - Kalliopi Alpantaki
- Department of Orthopaedics and Trauma Surgery, Venizeleio General Hospital of Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - Nikolaos Pandis
- Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopaedics, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Christos Koutserimpas
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, "251" Hellenic Air Force General Hospital of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Alexander Hadjipavlou
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA.
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Cabrita B, Dias S, Luisa Fernandes A, Correia S, Teixeira G, Camilo Z, Simão P. The effects of inspiratory muscle training in adults with muscular dystrophy. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF THERAPY AND REHABILITATION 2022. [DOI: 10.12968/ijtr.2021.0008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Background/Aims Patients with muscular dystrophy usually have impaired lung function and respiratory muscle strength, leading to pneumonia and respiratory failure, which are significant causes of morbidity and mortality. Inspiratory muscle training might be a safe adjunct treatment to increase the strength and endurance of weakened respiratory muscles. The researchers have developed a new protocol for inspiratory muscle training and evaluated its effect on inspiratory muscle strength and coughing capacity. Methods A total of 12 participants diagnosed with muscle dystrophy and decreased maximal inspiratory pressure (<60 cmH2O) participated in this prospective study. Training was individually tailored, starting with low resistance levels and progressing according to tolerance and symptoms. The primary outcome measure was maximal inspiratory pressure. Secondary outcomes were maximal expiratory pressure, peak cough flow and the feasibility of the intervention. Results There were two participants who did not complete the study, and three were lost to follow-up; therefore, only seven patients finished the intervention. In these patients, the authors found a statistically significant improvement in the maximal inspiratory pressure (P=0.018) and peak cough flow (P=0.046) after 3 months of training. There was also an improvement in the maximal expiratory pressure, although this was not statistically significant (P=0.176). Median compliance to training was 99% (94.5–100). Conclusions This intervention led to statistically significant improvements in inspiratory muscles strength and coughing capacity in patients with muscular dystrophy. The results were significantly positive and contribute to the evidence in support of this underused, yet possibly beneficial, treatment, although larger randomised controlled trials are required to verify this.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruno Cabrita
- Pulmonology Department, Pedro Hispano Hospital, Matosinhos, Portugal
| | - Sara Dias
- Pulmonology Department, Pedro Hispano Hospital, Matosinhos, Portugal
| | | | - Sílvia Correia
- Pulmonology Department, Pedro Hispano Hospital, Matosinhos, Portugal
| | - Graciete Teixeira
- Pulmonology Department, Pedro Hispano Hospital, Matosinhos, Portugal
| | - Zita Camilo
- Pulmonology Department, Pedro Hispano Hospital, Matosinhos, Portugal
| | - Paula Simão
- Pulmonology Department, Pedro Hispano Hospital, Matosinhos, Portugal
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Menard J, Seferian AM, Fleurence E, Barzic A, Binoche A, Labouret G, Coutier L, Vuillerot C, Bieleu BM, Gomez Garcia de la Banda M, Corvol H, Servais L, Taytard J. Respiratory management of spinal muscular atrophy type 1 patients treated with Nusinersen. Pediatr Pulmonol 2022; 57:1505-1512. [PMID: 35307979 DOI: 10.1002/ppul.25899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Revised: 02/23/2022] [Accepted: 03/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The recent development of disease-modifying treatments in spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) type 1 shifted these patients' management from palliative to proactive. The aim of this study was to assess patients' nocturnal gas exchanges before noninvasive ventilation (NIV) initiation and their clinical evolution to determine if capnia is a good criterion to decide when to introduce respiratory support. PATIENTS AND METHODS This multicentric retrospective study reports the respiratory management and evolution of 17 SMA type 1 children (10 females) for whom treatment with Nusinersen was initiated between 2016 and 2018. RESULTS Median [interquartile range-IQR] age at diagnosis and at first Nusinersen injection was of 4 [3;8] and 4 [3;9] months, respectively. Patients were followed during 38 [24;44] months. Thirteen (76%) patients were started on NIV at a median [IQR] age of 12 [9;18] months. Repeated hospitalizations and intensive care unit admissions were needed for 11 of them. Blood gas and nocturnal gas exchange recordings performed before NIV initiation were always normal. 9/13 X-ray performed before NIV showed atelectasis and/or acute lower respiratory tract infections. There was a significant decrease in the total number of hospital admissions between the first and second year of treatment (p = 0.04). CONCLUSION This study shows that patients do not present with nocturnal hypoventilation before respiratory decompensations and NIV initiation, and suggests that a delay in NIV initiation might result in respiratory complications. There is a need for disease-centered guidelines for the respiratory management of these patients, including NIV indications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joris Menard
- Department of Pediatric Pulmonology, Armand Trousseau University Hospital, Paris, France
| | | | | | - Audrey Barzic
- Department of Pediatric, Fondation Ildys, Brest, France
| | - Alexandra Binoche
- Pediatric Intensive Care Unit Department, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Lille, Lille, France
| | - Géraldine Labouret
- Department of Pediatric Pulmonology and Allergology, Children's Hospital, Toulouse, France
| | - Laurianne Coutier
- Department of Pediatric Pulmonology and Allergology, Reference Center for Cystic Fibrosis, Hôpital Mère Enfant, Bron, France.,U1028, CNRL, Lyon 1 University, Lyon, France
| | - Carole Vuillerot
- Service de Rééducation Pédiatrique Infantile "L'Escale", Hôpital Mère Enfant, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France.,Neuromyogen Institute, CNRS UMR 5310-INSERM U1219, Lyon University, Lyon, France
| | - Blaise M Bieleu
- Department of Pediatric Neurology and ICU, AP-HP Université Paris Saclay, Hôpital Raymond Poincaré, Garches, France.,Centre de Référence des Maladies Neuromusculaires Garches-Necker-Mondor-Hendaye (GNMH), Centre Nord- Est- Ile de France, Réseau national des maladies neuromusculaires, FILNEMUS, France.,European Reference Center Network (Euro-NMD ERN)
| | - Marta Gomez Garcia de la Banda
- Department of Pediatric Neurology and ICU, AP-HP Université Paris Saclay, Hôpital Raymond Poincaré, Garches, France.,Centre de Référence des Maladies Neuromusculaires Garches-Necker-Mondor-Hendaye (GNMH), Centre Nord- Est- Ile de France, Réseau national des maladies neuromusculaires, FILNEMUS, France.,European Reference Center Network (Euro-NMD ERN).,URC APHP Paris-Saclay 4 Institut de Myologie, Paris 5 APHP Raymond Poincaré Hospital, Garche, France
| | - Harriet Corvol
- Department of Pediatric Pulmonology, Armand Trousseau University Hospital, Paris, France.,Sorbonne Université, Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine (CRSA), Paris, France
| | - Laurent Servais
- Department of Paediatrics, MDUK Oxford Neuromuscular Center, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.,Division of Child Neurology Reference Center for Neuromuscular Disease, Department of Pediatrics, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Liège, University Hospital Liège & University, Liège, Belgium
| | - Jessica Taytard
- Department of Pediatric Pulmonology, Armand Trousseau University Hospital, Paris, France.,UMRS1158 Neurophysiologie Respiratoire Expérimentale et Clinique, INSERM, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France.,European Reference Network-Lung (ERN-Lung)
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Frohlich M, Widger J, Thambipillay G, Teng A, Farrar M, Chuang S. Daytime predictors of nocturnal hypercapnic hypoventilation in children with neuromuscular disorders. Pediatr Pulmonol 2022; 57:1497-1504. [PMID: 35278044 DOI: 10.1002/ppul.25890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2021] [Revised: 02/03/2022] [Accepted: 02/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To examine objective daytime predictors of nocturnal hypercapnic hypoventilation (NHH) and identify a forced vital capacity (FVC) z-score cut off that predicts NHH using the 2012 Global Lung Function Initiative (GLI) reference equations in pediatric neuromuscular patients. DESIGN Single-centre retrospective medical record review. SETTING Tertiary pediatric hospital in Australia. PATIENTS Children (<18 years old) with a neuromuscular disorder (NMD) who had a diagnostic sleep study over a 5-year period. RESULTS Fifty children were included, median age 11.9 years (interquartile range [IQR]: 4.5-14.3). The majority of children had a diagnosis of Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy (32%). NHH was diagnosed in 18 children (36%). Multivariate logistic regression analysis performed for the entire cohort confirmed a statistically significant association between NHH and scoliosis (odds ratio [OR]: 3.3, p = 0.03), but not age (OR: 1.01, p = 0.26), body mass index z-score (OR: 0.86, p = 0.26) or use of a wheelchair for mobility (OR: 1.25, p = 0.72). For the subset of 29 children who had spirometry testing (median age 12.9 years [IQR: 10.2-14.3]), FVC z-score was the only statistically significant predictor of NHH (OR: 0.45, p = 0.02). NHH was predicted by an FVC z-score <-3.24 (sensitivity 78%, specificity 73%), or FVC <60% predicted (sensitivity 78%, specificity 73%). There was a strong positive correlation between FVC and forced expiratory volume in 1 s z-scores (rp = 0.98, p = 0.00) and FVC and peak expiratory flow z-scores (rp = 0.72, p = 0.00). CONCLUSION Children with a NMD and scoliosis or a lower FVC z-score have increased odds of having NHH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan Frohlich
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Sydney Children's Hospital, Randwick, New South Wales, Australia
| | - John Widger
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Sydney Children's Hospital, Randwick, New South Wales, Australia.,School of Women's and Children's Health, UNSW Sydney, Randwick, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Ganesh Thambipillay
- Department of Sleep Medicine, Sydney Children's Hospital, Randwick, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Arthur Teng
- School of Women's and Children's Health, UNSW Sydney, Randwick, New South Wales, Australia.,Department of Sleep Medicine, Sydney Children's Hospital, Randwick, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Michelle Farrar
- School of Women's and Children's Health, UNSW Sydney, Randwick, New South Wales, Australia.,Department of Neurology, Sydney Children's Hospital, Randwick, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Sandra Chuang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Sydney Children's Hospital, Randwick, New South Wales, Australia.,School of Women's and Children's Health, UNSW Sydney, Randwick, New South Wales, Australia
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49
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Is there a role of pulmonary rehabilitation in extrapulmonary diseases frequently encountered in the practice of physical medicine and rehabilitation? Turk J Phys Med Rehabil 2022; 68:159-168. [PMID: 35989961 PMCID: PMC9366483 DOI: 10.5606/tftrd.2022.10711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
There is a group of diseases such as low back pain, osteoporosis, fibromyalgia and obesity for which pulmonary rehabilitation can be applied. Although these diseases do not directly impact the lungs, respiratory dysfunction occurs through various mechanisms during the disease process and complicates the underlying primary disease. Respiratory dysfunction and spirometric abnormalities have been observed from the early stages of these diseases, even without obvious signs and symptoms. These patients should be carefully evaluated for pulmonary problems as a sedentary lifestyle may hide the presence of respiratory symptoms. Once pulmonary problems have been detected, pulmonary rehabilitation should be added to the routine treatment of the primary disease.
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50
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Esposito S, Ricci G, Gobbi R, Vicini C, Caramelli F, Pizzi S, Fadda A, Ferro S, Plazzi G. Diagnostic and Therapeutic Approach to Children and Adolescents with Obstructive Sleep Apnea Syndrome (OSA): Recommendations in Emilia-Romagna Region, Italy. Life (Basel) 2022; 12:739. [PMID: 35629406 PMCID: PMC9146195 DOI: 10.3390/life12050739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2022] [Revised: 05/12/2022] [Accepted: 05/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Obstructive sleep apnoea syndrome (OSA) in paediatrics is a rather frequent pathology caused by pathophysiological alterations leading to partial and prolonged obstruction (hypoventilation) and/or intermittent partial (hypopnoea) or complete (apnoea) obstruction of the upper airways. Paediatric OSA is characterised by daytime and night-time symptoms. Unfortunately, there are few data on shared diagnostic-therapeutic pathways that address OSA with a multidisciplinary approach in paediatric age. This document summarizes recommendations from the Emilia-Romagna Region, Italy, developed in order to provide the most appropriate tools for a multidisciplinary approach in the diagnosis, treatment and care of paediatric patients with OSA. The multidisciplinary group of experts distinguished two different 'step' pathways, depending on the age group considered (i.e., under or over two years). In most cases, these pathways can be carried out by the primary care paediatrician, who represents the first filter for approaching the problem. For this reason, it is essential that the primary care paediatrician receives adequate training on how to formulate the diagnostic suspicion of OSA and on what criteria to use to select patients to be sent to the hospital centre. The relationship between the paediatrician of the patient and her/his parents must see a synergy of behaviour between the various players in order to avoid uncertainty about the diagnostic and therapeutic decisions as well as the follow-up phase. The definition and evaluation of the organizational process and outcome indicators of the developed flow-chart, and the impact of its implementation will remain fundamental.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susanna Esposito
- Pediatric Clinic, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University Hospital, University of Parma, 43126 Parma, Italy
| | - Giampiero Ricci
- Pediatric Unit, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy;
| | - Riccardo Gobbi
- Head-Neck and Oral Surgery Unit, Department of Head-Neck Surgery, Otolaryngology, Morgagni Piertoni Hospital, 47121 Forlì, Italy; (R.G.); (C.V.)
| | - Claudio Vicini
- Head-Neck and Oral Surgery Unit, Department of Head-Neck Surgery, Otolaryngology, Morgagni Piertoni Hospital, 47121 Forlì, Italy; (R.G.); (C.V.)
| | - Fabio Caramelli
- Pediatric Intensive Care Unit, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy;
| | - Silvia Pizzi
- Dentistry Unit, Department of Medicine and Surgery, Centro Universitario di Odontoiatria, University of Parma, 43126 Parma, Italy;
| | - Agatina Fadda
- Direzione Generale Cura della Persona, Salute e Welfare, Emilia-Romagna Region, 40128 Bologna, Italy; (A.F.); (S.F.)
| | - Salvatore Ferro
- Direzione Generale Cura della Persona, Salute e Welfare, Emilia-Romagna Region, 40128 Bologna, Italy; (A.F.); (S.F.)
| | - Giuseppe Plazzi
- IRCCS Istituto delle Scienze Neurologiche di Bologna, 40139 Bologna, Italy;
- Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41125 Modena, Italy
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