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Kreslake JM, Aarvig K, Liu MS, Vallone DM, Hair EC. Pathways to Quitting E-cigarettes Among Youth and Young Adults: Evidence From the truth® Campaign. Am J Health Promot 2024; 38:930-937. [PMID: 38029725 DOI: 10.1177/08901171231218492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE This study examines the pathways through which e-cigarette users' awareness of the truth® campaign influences e-cigarette use frequency over time. DESIGN AND SETTING Data included four waves (2020-2023) of the Truth Longitudinal Cohort, a probability-based, nationally representative survey. PARTICIPANTS The analytic sample was 15-24-year-olds who reported current e-cigarette use at baseline (N = 718). Wave-by-wave retention rates were 64% to 69%. MEASURES Respondents' cumulative awareness of truth® ads was calculated (Waves 1-2). Strength of agreement with campaign-targeted attitudes was measured on five-point scales (Wave 2). The outcome was change in the 4-level frequency of e-cigarette use (Waves 2-4). ANALYSIS Latent growth structural equation modeling examined the pathway from cumulative ad awareness to the frequency of e-cigarette use via campaign-targeted attitudes. RESULTS Model fit estimates identified a three-step pathway by which awareness of the campaign reduced e-cigarette use. Ad awareness was significantly associated with stronger campaign-targeted attitudes: perceived risk (β = .20, P < .0001); anti-vape industry (β = .13, P = .003); independence from addiction (β = .13, P = .004); and affinity with groups that reject vaping (β = .18, P < .0001). Each attitude was significantly associated with stronger perceived norms against e-cigarette use (respectively: β = .25, P < .0001; β = .15, P < .0001; β = .12, P = .018; β = .27, P < .0001). Perceived norms against e-cigarette use had a significant negative relationship with growth in e-cigarette use frequency over time (β = -.23, P < .0001). CONCLUSION Greater truth® anti-vaping ad awareness strengthens campaign-targeted attitudes among current users, increasing perceived norms against e-cigarette use and reducing use over time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer M Kreslake
- Truth Initiative, Schroeder Institute, Washington, DC, USA
- Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Department of Health, Behavior and Society, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | | | | | - Donna M Vallone
- Truth Initiative, Schroeder Institute, Washington, DC, USA
- Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Department of Health, Behavior and Society, Baltimore, MD, USA
- New York University, College of Global Public Health, New York, NY, USA
| | - Elizabeth C Hair
- Truth Initiative, Schroeder Institute, Washington, DC, USA
- Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Department of Health, Behavior and Society, Baltimore, MD, USA
- New York University, College of Global Public Health, New York, NY, USA
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Cruwys T, Selwyn J, Rathbone JA, Frings D. Discrimination and social identity processes predict impairment and dysfunction among heavy drinkers. Soc Sci Med 2024; 343:116549. [PMID: 38219413 DOI: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2023.116549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2023] [Revised: 12/04/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/16/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous research has linked discrimination to poorer health. Yet health risk behaviours such as heavy alcohol consumption are often targeted with stigmatising public health campaigns. The current study sought to establish the link between experiencing discrimination and health outcomes among heavy drinkers, with a focus on exploring the multiple social identity processes that might underpin this relationship. METHODS A survey was conducted with 282 people who self-reported consuming alcohol above recommended guidelines. We measured discrimination experienced as a drinker, components of social identification as a drinker (centrality, satisfaction, solidarity, homogeneity, and self-stereotyping), and two health outcomes: psychological distress and severity of alcohol use disorder symptomatology. RESULTS Discrimination was a moderate-large predictor of psychological distress and alcohol use disorder symptoms. Three social identity constructs were implicated in the link between discrimination and ill-health: identity centrality and homogeneity positively mediated this relationship while identity satisfaction was a negative mediator. The model explained a large proportion of the variance (39-47%) in health outcomes. DISCUSSION Results are interpreted with an emphasis on the need to avoid stigmatising messaging and to prioritise social identity processes to prevent and treat substance use disorders. We further highlight the need for social identity researchers to consider the multidimensional nature of social identities, especially in the context of stigmatised groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tegan Cruwys
- School of Medicine and Psychology, The Australian National University, Australia.
| | - Joseph Selwyn
- School of Medicine and Psychology, The Australian National University, Australia
| | - Joanne A Rathbone
- School of Medicine and Psychology, The Australian National University, Australia
| | - Daniel Frings
- School of Applied Sciences, London South Bank University, United Kingdom
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Blazé KSR, Xu H, Buchanan L, Baur LA, Wen LM. Parental smoking in the first two years of a child's life and its associations with breastfeeding. Aust N Z J Obstet Gynaecol 2024; 64:28-35. [PMID: 37463865 DOI: 10.1111/ajo.13736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2021] [Accepted: 06/29/2023] [Indexed: 07/20/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Exclusive breastfeeding for the first 6 months followed by ongoing breastfeeding to 12 months and beyond is associated with multiple benefits for both mother and child. Maternal smoking is associated with a reduction in breastfeeding. Little is known about the effect of partner smoking on breastfeeding. AIMS This study explores the smoking behaviour of mothers and their partners in the first two years of a child's life and its associations with breastfeeding practice. MATERIALS AND METHODS We performed a secondary data analysis using survey data on 1155 mothers from their third trimester of pregnancy and at six, 12 and 24 months after delivery. Survey questions included smoking status of both mother and partner and breastfeeding intention and practice. Logistic regression models were conducted at each time point. FINDINGS Where the mother or both parents smoke, babies were less likely to be breastfed at six months of age (adjusted odds ratio (aOR) 0.29, 95% CI: 0.13-0.66) compared with families where neither parent smoked. Non-smoking mothers with smoking partners were less likely to intend to breastfeed (aOR 0.29, 95% CI: 0.11-0.82) and their babies were less likely to be breastfed at six and 12 months of age (aOR 0.64, 95% CI: 0.42-0.98 and 0.64, 95% CI: 0.43-0.95 respectively). There was no difference in breastfeeding behaviour between smoking and non-smoking parents at 24 months. CONCLUSION Smoking parents are less likely to breastfeed their babies at ages six and 12 months. Breastfeeding promotion should target both smoking mothers and smoking partners.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katharine S R Blazé
- Sydney School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, and the Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Women's and Children's Unit, Victorian Aboriginal Health Service, Fitzroy, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- The Centre for Community Child Health, The Royal Children's Hospital, Parkville, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Victorian Forensic Paediatric Medical Service (VFPMS), The Royal Children's Hospital, Parkville, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Huilan Xu
- Health Promotion Unit, Population Health Research and Evaluation Hub, Sydney Local Health District, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Sydney Institute for Women, Children and Their Families, Sydney Local Health District, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Limin Buchanan
- Sydney School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, and the Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Health Promotion Unit, Population Health Research and Evaluation Hub, Sydney Local Health District, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- NHMRC Centre of Research Excellence in the Early Prevention of Obesity in Childhood (EPOCH) and the Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Sydney Institute for Women, Children and Their Families, Sydney Local Health District, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Louise A Baur
- Sydney School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, and the Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- NHMRC Centre of Research Excellence in the Early Prevention of Obesity in Childhood (EPOCH) and the Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Specialty of Child and Adolescent Health, Sydney Medical School, Camperdown, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Li Ming Wen
- Sydney School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, and the Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Health Promotion Unit, Population Health Research and Evaluation Hub, Sydney Local Health District, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- NHMRC Centre of Research Excellence in the Early Prevention of Obesity in Childhood (EPOCH) and the Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Sydney Institute for Women, Children and Their Families, Sydney Local Health District, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
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Durkin SJ, Brennan E, Wakefield MA. Optimising tobacco control campaigns within a changing media landscape and among priority populations. Tob Control 2022; 31:284-290. [PMID: 35241601 DOI: 10.1136/tobaccocontrol-2021-056558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2021] [Accepted: 11/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Reviews published over the past decade confirm tobacco control campaigns can be effective for influencing adult and youth tobacco use behaviours, with strengthening evidence for high cost-effectiveness. Evidence is also accumulating for positive campaign effects on interpersonal discussions, social norms and policy support that can help motivate and sustain quitting and reduce uptake. Research needs over the next decade centre on the rapidly changing media environment and the equity of campaign effects among high smoking prevalence communities. The field needs specific evidence on: how to measure total campaign reach and frequency across the diverse range of media platforms and channels; the optimum mix of traditional, digital and social media to achieve behaviour change, especially among high smoking prevalence communities; the relative reach and impact of the wide variety of integrated, digital and social media message delivery methods; the relative effectiveness of messages that aim to build capacity to quit and optimum methods for combining motivational and capacity-building messages, especially for high prevalence groups who face additional barriers to staying quit; the ongoing effectiveness of traditional versus new versions of messages highlighting tobacco industry practices; the influence of e-cigarette use on tobacco control campaign effects; and the effectiveness of different types of campaigns aiming to prevent e-cigarette uptake and motivate e-cigarette cessation. Research is also needed to investigate the potential for campaigns to influence the public's understanding and support for endgame tobacco control policies and for campaign elements that may influence the social and environmental contexts surrounding smokers that support and maintain behaviour change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah J Durkin
- Centre for Behavioural Research in Cancer, Cancer Council Victoria, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Emily Brennan
- Centre for Behavioural Research in Cancer, Cancer Council Victoria, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Melanie A Wakefield
- Centre for Behavioural Research in Cancer, Cancer Council Victoria, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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Pelekanakis A, O'Loughlin JL, Gagné T, Callard C, Frohlich KL. Initiation or cessation: what keeps the prevalence of smoking higher in Quebec than in the rest of Canada? Health Promot Chronic Dis Prev Can 2021; 41:306-314. [PMID: 34668685 PMCID: PMC8565861 DOI: 10.24095/hpcdp.41.10.05] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION We compared smoking initiation and cessation in Quebec versus the rest of Canada as possible underpinnings of the continued higher cigarette smoking prevalence in Quebec. METHODS Data were drawn from the Canadian Community Health Survey (CCHS). We compared average and sex-stratified prevalence estimates of (1) current cigarette smoking in persons aged 15 years and older; (2) past-year initiation of cigarette smoking in those aged 12 to 17 and 18 to 24 years; and (3) past-year cessation in adults aged 25 years and older in Quebec versus the other nine Canadian provinces in each two-year CCHS cycle from 2007/08 to 2017/18. RESULTS The prevalence of current smoking decreased from 25% to 18% among adults aged 15 years and older in Quebec from 2007/08 to 2017/18, and from 22% to 16% in the rest of Canada. Initiation among those aged 12 to 17 years decreased from 9% to 5% in Quebec, and from 7% to 3% in the rest of Canada. Neither initiation among people aged 18 to 24 (at 6% and 7%, respectively) nor cessation among adults aged 25 and older (approximately 8%) changed over time in Quebec or in the rest of Canada. In each two-year CCHS cycle, past-year initiation among those 12 to 17 years of age was consistently higher in Quebec than in the rest of Canada, but there were no substantial or sustained differences in initiation among people aged 18 to 24 or in past-year cessation. Findings were similar when stratified by sex. CONCLUSION Higher levels of smoking initiation among youth aged 12 to 17 years could be a proximal underpinning of the continuing higher prevalence of smoking in Quebec versus the rest of Canada.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annie Pelekanakis
- Centre de recherche du Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
- Département de médecine sociale et préventive, École de santé publique de l'Université de Montréal, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Jennifer L O'Loughlin
- Centre de recherche du Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
- Département de médecine sociale et préventive, École de santé publique de l'Université de Montréal, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Thierry Gagné
- ESRC International Centre for Lifecourse Studies in Society and Health, University College London, London, United Kingdom
- Research Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | | | - Katherine L Frohlich
- Département de médecine sociale et préventive, École de santé publique de l'Université de Montréal, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
- Centre de recherche en santé publique (CReSP) de l'Université de Montréal, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
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