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Li Y, Mao K, Zang Y, Lu G, Qiu Q, Ouyang K, Zhao X, Song X, Xu L, Liang H, Qu M. Revealing the developmental characterization of rumen microbiome and its host in newly received cattle during receiving period contributes to formulating precise nutritional strategies. MICROBIOME 2023; 11:238. [PMID: 37924150 PMCID: PMC10623857 DOI: 10.1186/s40168-023-01682-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2023] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 11/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Minimizing mortality losses due to multiple stress and obtaining maximum performance are the production goals for newly received cattle. In recent years, vaccination and metaphylaxis treatment significantly decreased the mortality rate of newly received cattle, while the growth block induced by treatment is still obvious. Assessment of blood metabolites and behavior monitoring offer potential for early identification of morbid animals. Moreover, the ruminal microorganisms' homeostasis is a guarantee of beef steers' growth and health. The most critical period for newly received cattle is the first-month post-transport. Therefore, analyzing rumen metagenomics, rumen metabolomics, host metabolomics, and their interaction during receiving period (1 day before transport and at days 1/4, 16, and 30 after transport) is key to revealing the mechanism of growth retardation, and then to formulating management and nutritional practices for newly received cattle. RESULTS The levels of serum hormones (COR and ACTH), and pro-inflammatory factors (IL-1β, TNF-α, and IL-6) were highest at day 16, and lowest at day 30 after arrival. Meanwhile, the antioxidant capacity (SOD, GSH-Px, and T-AOC) was significantly decreased at day 16 and increased at day 30 after arrival. Metagenomics analysis revealed that rumen microbes, bacteria, archaea, and eukaryota had different trends among the four different time points. At day 16 post-transport, cattle had a higher abundance of ruminal bacteria and archaea than those before transport, but the eukaryote abundance was highest at day 30 post-transport. Before transport, most bacteria were mainly involved in polysaccharides digestion. At day 4 post-transport, the most significantly enriched KEGG pathways were nucleotide metabolism (pyrimidine metabolism and purine metabolism). At day 16 post-transport, the energy metabolism (glycolysis/gluconeogenesis, pyruvate metabolism) and ruminal contents of MCP and VFAs were significantly increased, but at the same time, energy loss induced by methane yields (Methanobrevibacter) together with pathogenic bacteria (Saccharopolyspora rectivirgula) were also significantly increased. At this time, the most upregulated ruminal L-ornithine produces more catabolite polyamines, which cause oxidative stress to rumen microbes and their host; the most downregulated ruminal 2',3'-cAMP provided favorable growth conditions for pathogenic bacteria, and the downregulated ruminal vitamin B6 metabolism and serum PC/LysoPC disrupt immune function and inflammation reaction. At day 30 post-transport, the ruminal L-ornithine and its catabolites (mainly spermidine and 1,3-propanediamine) were decreased, and the serum PC/LysoPC and 2',3'-cNMPs pools were increased. This is also consistent with the changes in redox, inflammation, and immune status of the host. CONCLUSIONS This study provides new ideas for regulating the health and performance of newly received cattle during the receiving period. The key point is to manage the newly received cattle about day 16 post-transport, specifically to inhibit the production of methane and polyamines, and the reproduction of harmful bacteria in the rumen, therefore improving the immunity and performance of newly received cattle. Video Abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanjiao Li
- Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition/Animal Nutrition and Feed Safety Innovation Team, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, China.
| | - Kang Mao
- Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition/Animal Nutrition and Feed Safety Innovation Team, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, China
| | - Yitian Zang
- Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition/Animal Nutrition and Feed Safety Innovation Team, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, China
| | - Guwei Lu
- Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition/Animal Nutrition and Feed Safety Innovation Team, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, China
| | - Qinghua Qiu
- Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition/Animal Nutrition and Feed Safety Innovation Team, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, China
| | - Kehui Ouyang
- Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition/Animal Nutrition and Feed Safety Innovation Team, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, China
| | - Xianghui Zhao
- Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition/Animal Nutrition and Feed Safety Innovation Team, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, China
| | - Xiaozhen Song
- Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition/Animal Nutrition and Feed Safety Innovation Team, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, China
| | - Lanjiao Xu
- Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition/Animal Nutrition and Feed Safety Innovation Team, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, China
| | - Huan Liang
- Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition/Animal Nutrition and Feed Safety Innovation Team, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, China
| | - Mingren Qu
- Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition/Animal Nutrition and Feed Safety Innovation Team, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, China.
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Motta GA, Neto PSM, Nociti RP, Santana ÁE. Hematological Normality, Serum Biochemistry, and Acute Phase Proteins in Healthy Beef Calves in the Brazilian Savannah. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:2398. [PMID: 37570207 PMCID: PMC10473239 DOI: 10.3390/ani13152398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2023] [Revised: 06/20/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The Brazilian savannah region, characterized by high average temperatures, well-defined rainy and dry seasons, soil with low productive potential, and high pressure for parasitic diseases, is home to the highest percentage of the beef herd, which is the world's largest commercial beef producer. Therefore, breeds that present rusticity combined with productivity are the focus of research in cattle breeding in the region. Considering their geographic particularities and their effects on the animals' blood parameters, the objective was to study the behavior of hematological variables, serum biochemistry, and acute phase proteins in beef calves at weaning age. Jugular blood samples were collected in a single day from 30 weaning calves (about eight months old and 200 kg of body weight) from the following breeds: Nellore, Senepol, Nellore × Aberdeen Angus cross, Nellore × Senepol cross, and Nellore × Aberdeen Angus × Senepol cross. Hematological data were obtained using an automatic cell counter, serum biochemical measurements were obtained using commercial kits, and the electrophoretogram was obtained using the SDS-page technique. In general, the results were consistent with data already published in similar situations regarding health status, age, and level of metabolic activity. However, differences observed between groups can be explained by differences observed in other concurrent variables like temperament. The pure zebu breed was more reactive than pure taurine. While crossbreds showed intermediate values, and parasitic infestation, the pure taurine breed with higher parasite infestation, while the zebu breed had lower values, which produced effects in some laboratory tests, and generated differences between breeds. In conclusion, the reference intervals available for healthy animals can be routinely used without interference from the geographic region for animals produced without nutritional failures as long as changes are recorded in pathological, infectious, metabolic, or nutritional deficiency situations. However, it is suggested that a study covering a larger number of herds may demonstrate a greater geographic effect on the studied variables.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guilherme Augusto Motta
- Department of Veterinary Clinic and Surgery, School of Agricultural and Veterinary Sciences, São Paulo State University, Jaboticabal 14884-900, São Paulo, Brazil;
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Araraquara University—UNIARA, Araraquara 14801-340, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Paulo Sabino Milhomen Neto
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Federal University of Tocantins, Araguaína 77824-838, Tocantins, Brazil;
| | - Ricardo Perecin Nociti
- Department of Biomedicine Veterinary, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Montreal University/Saint Hyacinthe, Saint-Hyacinthe, QC J2S 2M2, Canada;
- Laboratory of Molecular Morphophysiology and DevelopmentSchool of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Animal Science and Food Engineering, University of São Paulo, Pirassununga 13635-900, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Áureo Evangelista Santana
- Department of Veterinary Clinic and Surgery, School of Agricultural and Veterinary Sciences, São Paulo State University, Jaboticabal 14884-900, São Paulo, Brazil;
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Rodríguez-González D, Guerrero Legarreta I, Cruz-Monterrosa RG, Napolitano F, Titto CG, Abd El-Aziz AH, Hernández-Avalos I, Casas-Alvarado A, Domínguez-Oliva A, Mota-Rojas D. Assessment of thermal changes in water buffalo mobilized from the paddock and transported by short journeys. Front Vet Sci 2023; 10:1184577. [PMID: 37252398 PMCID: PMC10217363 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2023.1184577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Evaluating the welfare of buffaloes during transport is key to obtaining and commercializing high-quality meat products; however, effective assessments require recognizing several stressors that activate physiological mechanisms that can have repercussions on the health and productive performance of species. The aim of this study was to evaluate the surface temperatures of different body and head regions in this species during events prior, and posterior, to transport for short periods; that is, from paddock to loading. The second goal was to determine the level of correlation between thermal windows. This study used infrared thermography (IRT) to evaluate the surface temperature of 624 water buffaloes (Buffalypso breed) during 12 short trips (average duration = 2 h ± 20 min) by focusing on 11 regions of the body (Regio corporis), in the head regions (Regiones capitis) the face regions (Regiones faciei), Orbital region (Regio orbitalis) with special attention to structures such as the lacrimal caruncle, periocular area and lower eyelid (Regio palpebralis inferior); nasal region (Regio nasalis) with special attention to nostril thermal window; and regions of the skull (Regiones cranii) such as auricular region (Regio auricularis) with special attention to auditory canal and frontal-parietal region (Regio frontalis-parietalis) and trunk region (Truncus regionis) such as thoracic and abdominal regions, regions of the vertebral column (Columna vertebralis) with the thoracic vertebral region (Regio vertebralis thoracis) and lumbar region (Regio lumbalis); and regions of the pelvis limb (Regiones membri pelvini). Recordings were made during seven phases: paddock (P1), herding (P2), corral (P3), chute handling (P4), shipping (P5), pre- (P6), and post-transport (P7). A total of 48,048 readings were obtained from 11 thermal windows. The results showed that the surface temperatures of the windows increased by as much as 5°C during P2, P3, P5, P6, and P7 compared to P1 and P4 (p < 0.0001). Differences of at least 1°C were also observed between thermal windows in the craniofacial, lateral corporal, and peripheral zones (p < 0.0001). Finally, a strong positive correlation (r = 0.9, p < 0.0001) was found between the thermal windows. These findings lead to the conclusion that the surface temperature of the craniofacial and corporal regions of buffaloes transported for short periods varied in relation to the phase of mobilization (from paddock to post-transport), likely as a response to stressful factors, since herding and loading increased the thermal values in each window. The second conclusion is that there are strong positive correlations between central and peripheral thermal windows.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Rodríguez-González
- Master’s Program in Agricultural and Livestock Sciences [Maestría en Ciencias Agropecuarias], Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana (UAM), Xochimilco Campus, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Isabel Guerrero Legarreta
- Department of Biotechnology: Food Science, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana, Iztapalapa Campus (UAM-I), Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Rosy G. Cruz-Monterrosa
- Department of Food Science, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana (UAM-L), Campus Lerma, Lerma City, Mexico
| | - Fabio Napolitano
- Scuola di Scienze Agrarie, Forestali, Alimentari ed Ambientali, Università degli Studi della Basilicata, Potenza, Italy
| | - Cristiane Gonçalves Titto
- Laboratório de Biometeorologia e Etologia, Faculdade de Zootecnia e Engenharia de Alimentos, FZEA-USP, Universidade de São Paulo, Pirassununga, Brazil
| | - Ayman H. Abd El-Aziz
- Animal Husbandry and Animal Wealth Development Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Damanhour University, Damanhour, Egypt
| | - Ismael Hernández-Avalos
- Department of Biological Science, FESC, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Cuautitlán Izcalli, Mexico
| | - Alejandro Casas-Alvarado
- Neurophysiology, Behavior and Animal Welfare Assessment, DPAA, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana (UAM), Xochimilco Campus, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Adriana Domínguez-Oliva
- Neurophysiology, Behavior and Animal Welfare Assessment, DPAA, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana (UAM), Xochimilco Campus, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Daniel Mota-Rojas
- Neurophysiology, Behavior and Animal Welfare Assessment, DPAA, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana (UAM), Xochimilco Campus, Mexico City, Mexico
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Impact of road transportation on physiological and oxidative stress biomarkers in puppies: Beneficial effect of melatonin. J Therm Biol 2022; 110:103376. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtherbio.2022.103376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2021] [Revised: 10/19/2022] [Accepted: 10/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
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McCarty KJ, Tipton JE, Ricks RE, Danielo J, Thompson JS, Block E, Pratt SL, Long NM. Effects of postweaning supplementation of immunomodulatory feed ingredient on circulating cytokines and microbial populations in programmed fed beef heifers. J Anim Sci 2022; 100:skab367. [PMID: 34919676 PMCID: PMC8827042 DOI: 10.1093/jas/skab367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2021] [Accepted: 12/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The objective was to determine the effects of an immunomodulatory feed ingredient following weaning on cytokine expression and fecal microbial populations of heifers. Commercial Angus heifers (n = 72) were weaned (227 ± 7 d of age), blocked by BW (n = 9 blocks), and randomly assigned to one of two pens per block. Pens within weight block (four heifers per pen) were then randomly assigned to treatments. Heifers were fed twice daily from days 0 to 60 (to gain 0.75 kg/d) and top dressed with either 18 g/heifer/d of the immunomodulatory feed ingredient (Celmanax; Arm and Hammer Animal Nutrition, Princeton, NJ; CEL) or corn-germ meal (CON). Blood samples were collected on days 0, 15, 30, 45, 60 and fecal grab samples on day 0 of the feeding trial. After day 60, two heifers per pen (n = 32) were randomly selected for a transportation challenge. Serum samples were collected at hours 0, 4, 8, 12 and fecal grab samples at hours -24, 0, 24 and 7 d postchallenge. Blood samples were analyzed for interferonγ (IFNγ), interleukin-8 (IL-8), and haptoglobin (HP) using commercially available ELISA kits and qRT-PCR for genes of interest associated with cytokine expression. Fecal samples were enumerated for Clostridia and E. coli using selective media (≤5 isolates from each media/sample), tested to determine whether they were Clostridium perfringens or pathogenic E. coli, and then enriched for detection of Salmonella. Data were analyzed via ANOVA. During the feeding trial, HP was reduced (P = 0.018) in CEL compared with CON at days 15, 45, and 60, whereas IFNγ and IL-8 did not differ (P > 0.080) between treatments. All cytokines were decreased (P < 0.001) in CEL compared with CON during the challenge. During the feeding trial, HP mRNA was increased (P = 0.045) in CEL compared with CON at days 30 and 60. Similarly, IFNγ mRNA was increased (P = 0.040) in CEL compared with CON; however, other genes of interest did not differ (P > 0.172). Both C. perfringens and total E. coli counts were decreased (P = 0.036) in CEL compared with CON at 24 h after the start of the transportation challenge. Clostridia and pathogenic E. coli counts did not differ (P = 0.941) between treatments. Total Clostridia and E. coli counts were increased (P < 0.014) 24 h postchallenge. All microbial populations, except pathogenic E. coli, observed decreased (P ≤ 0.009) counts from 24 h to 7 d postchallenge. Overall, Celmanax supplementation decreased circulating cytokines, and altered microbial populations and gene expression, thus, may serve a role in preparing animals to better cope with immunological challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keelee J McCarty
- Department of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634, USA
| | - Jessie E Tipton
- Department of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634, USA
| | - Ralph E Ricks
- Department of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634, USA
| | - Jessica Danielo
- Department of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634, USA
| | - Jesse S Thompson
- Arm and Hammer Animal Nutrition, Church and Dwight Company, Princeton, NJ 08540, USA
| | - Elliot Block
- Arm and Hammer Animal Nutrition, Church and Dwight Company, Princeton, NJ 08540, USA
| | - Scott L Pratt
- Department of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634, USA
| | - Nathan M Long
- Department of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634, USA
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Slayi M, Muchenje V, Njisane YZ. Behavioral and Haemato-Biochemical Responses of Nguni and Boran Steers Post Relocation and Herd Regrouping in a Novel Environment. J APPL ANIM WELF SCI 2020; 24:39-55. [PMID: 32364808 DOI: 10.1080/10888705.2020.1759070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Behavioural and blood-based physiological responses of Nguni (NG) and Boran (BR) steers, following relocation to a new environment and herd regrouping were examined. Ten steers of each genotype aged 9 months and reared under similar conditions were studied over 16 weeks: 1 for acclimatization and baseline measurements in original groups, 15 for post regrouping measurements. Each sampling week, direct visual observations and durations of aggressive and affiliative interactions were recorded between 0500-1900h for 3 conservative days. Blood samples were drawn fortnightly by jugular venipuncture for plasma cortisol, glucose, creatine kinase (CK) and haematological analysis. In weeks 1-5, BR had higher instances of head-butting (P=0.0311), mounts (P=0.0142) and threats (P=0.0241) compared to NG (P<0.0001, P=0.0412 and P=0.0241, respectively). However, these significantly declined from weeks 7-15 in both genotypes. Grooming increased consistently over the weeks in both genotypes (P=0.0214). Head-butting correlated with cortisol (r=-0.116), CK (r=-0.295) and neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (r=-0.144). Grooming correlated (r=0.137) with white-blood-cell-count. Herd regrouping temporarily disrupted social behaviour, with BR showing more aggression towards NG steers. Nevertheless, the two genotypes established some stability within five weeks of social mixing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mhlangabezi Slayi
- Department of Livestock and Pasture Science, University of Fort Hare , Alice, South Africa
| | - Voster Muchenje
- Department of Livestock and Pasture Science, University of Fort Hare , Alice, South Africa
| | - Yonela Zifikile Njisane
- Department of Livestock and Pasture Science, University of Fort Hare , Alice, South Africa.,Risk and Vulnerability Science Centre, University of Fort Hare , Alice, South Africa
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Skelhorn EPG, Garcia-Ara A, Nova RJ, Kinston H, Wapenaar W. Public opinion and perception of rosé veal in the UK. Meat Sci 2019; 167:108032. [PMID: 32408233 DOI: 10.1016/j.meatsci.2019.108032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2019] [Accepted: 12/09/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Rosé veal is understood as meat from male purebred dairy calves. The UK veal market is limited, and calves are often killed at birth due to lack of purpose. A questionnaire, completed by 1002 respondents, investigated the UK public knowledge, perceptions and opinions of rosé veal, and whether raising awareness would sustain the rosé veal market. Most respondents (66%) did not eat rosé veal, mainly due to limited availability or exposure (31%) and animal welfare concerns (17%). A third of respondents knew the differences between rosé and white veal. After defining this, 61% of respondents would eat rosé veal, compared to 23% of respondents who ate it beforehand. Most respondents (91%) were willing to pay more for rosé veal burgers than the proposed average price for beef burgers. Increasing availability is key to encourage the sustainability of rosé veal production in the UK. These findings are useful for dairy farmers to strategically promote the use of purebred dairy bull calves.
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Affiliation(s)
- E P G Skelhorn
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Science, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington Campus, Leicestershire LE12 5RD, United Kingdom.
| | - A Garcia-Ara
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Science, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington Campus, Leicestershire LE12 5RD, United Kingdom.
| | - R J Nova
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Science, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington Campus, Leicestershire LE12 5RD, United Kingdom.
| | - H Kinston
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Science, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington Campus, Leicestershire LE12 5RD, United Kingdom
| | - W Wapenaar
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Science, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington Campus, Leicestershire LE12 5RD, United Kingdom.
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