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Medeiros-Fonseca B, Abreu-Silva AL, Medeiros R, Oliveira PA, Gil da Costa RM. Pteridium spp. and Bovine Papillomavirus: Partners in Cancer. Front Vet Sci 2021; 8:758720. [PMID: 34796228 PMCID: PMC8593235 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2021.758720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2021] [Accepted: 10/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Bovine papillomavirus (BPV) are a cause for global concern due to their wide distribution and the wide range of benign and malignant diseases they are able to induce. Those lesions include cutaneous and upper digestive papillomas, multiple histological types of urinary bladder cancers—most often associated with BPV1 and BPV2—and squamous cell carcinomas of the upper digestive system, associated with BPV4. Clinical, epidemiological and experimental evidence shows that exposure to bracken fern (Pteridium spp.) and other related ferns plays an important role in allowing viral persistence and promoting the malignant transformation of early viral lesions. This carcinogenic potential has been attributed to bracken illudane glycoside compounds with immune suppressive and mutagenic properties, such as ptaquiloside. This review addresses the role of BPV in tumorigenesis and its interactions with bracken illudane glycosides. Current data indicates that inactivation of cytotoxic T lymphocytes and natural killer cells by bracken fern illudanes plays a significant role in allowing viral persistence and lesion progression, while BPV drives unchecked cell proliferation and allows the accumulation of genetic damage caused by chemical mutagens. Despite limited progress in controlling bracken infestation in pasturelands, bracken toxins remain a threat to animal health. The number of recognized BPV types has steadily increased over the years and now reaches 24 genotypes with different pathogenic properties. It remains essential to widen the available knowledge concerning BPV and its synergistic interactions with bracken chemical carcinogens, in order to achieve satisfactory control of the livestock losses they induce worldwide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatriz Medeiros-Fonseca
- Centre for Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences (CITAB), Inov4Agro, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), Vila Real, Portugal.,Veterinary Sciences Department, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Ana Lúcia Abreu-Silva
- Veterinary Sciences Department, State University of Maranhão (UEMA), São Luís, Brazil
| | - Rui Medeiros
- Molecular Oncology and Viral Pathology Group, Research Center of IPO Porto (CI-IPOP)/Rede de Investigação em Saúde (RISE)@CI-IPOP (Health Research Network), Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPO Porto)/Porto Comprehensive Cancer Center (Porto.CCC), Porto, Portugal.,Molecular Oncology and Viral Pathology Group, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.,Biomedicine Research Center (CEBIMED), Faculty of Health Sciences, Fernando Pessoa University, Porto, Portugal.,Virology Service, Portuguese Institute of Oncology (IPO-Porto), Porto, Portugal
| | - Paula A Oliveira
- Centre for Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences (CITAB), Inov4Agro, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), Vila Real, Portugal.,Veterinary Sciences Department, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Rui M Gil da Costa
- Centre for Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences (CITAB), Inov4Agro, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), Vila Real, Portugal.,Molecular Oncology and Viral Pathology Group, Research Center of IPO Porto (CI-IPOP)/Rede de Investigação em Saúde (RISE)@CI-IPOP (Health Research Network), Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPO Porto)/Porto Comprehensive Cancer Center (Porto.CCC), Porto, Portugal.,LEPABE - Laboratory for Process Engineering, Environment, Biotechnology and Energy, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.,Post-graduate Programme in Adult Health (PPGSAD), Department of Morphology, Federal University of Maranhão (UFMA), UFMA University Hospital (HUUFMA), São Luís, Brazil
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de Oliveira LGS, Boabaid FM, Kisielius V, Rasmussen LH, Buroni F, Lucas M, Schild CO, López F, Machado M, Riet-Correa F. Hemorrhagic diathesis in cattle due to consumption of Adiantopsis chlorophylla (Swartz) Fée (Pteridaceae). Toxicon X 2020; 5:100024. [PMID: 32550580 PMCID: PMC7285992 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxcx.2020.100024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2019] [Revised: 01/12/2020] [Accepted: 01/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
An outbreak of acute febrile syndrome associated with coagulopathy and severe pancytopenia occurred in cattle grazing in paddocks with high infestation by Adiantopsis chlorophylla. The administration of the plant to a calf reproduced the same signs and lesions seen in spontaneous cases. Similar syndromes are caused by ptaquiloside from bracken fern. Traces of the ptaquiloside-like molecule caudatoside were detected together with 0.03-0.24 mg/g of it's degradation product pterosin A, in dry fronds of the plant. In conclusion, A. chlorophylla is a cause of hemorrhagic diathesis in cattle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luiz Gustavo Schneider de Oliveira
- Instituto Nacional de Investigación Agropecuaria (INIA), Plataforma de Investigación en Salud Animal, Estación Experimental INIA Tacuarembó, Tacuarembó, Uruguay
| | - Fabiana Marques Boabaid
- Polo de Desarrollo Universitario Del Instituto Superior de La Carne, Centro Universitario Regional (CENUR) Noreste, Universidad de La República, Tacuarembó, Uruguay
| | - Vaidotas Kisielius
- Department of Technology, University College Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Lars Holm Rasmussen
- Department of Technology, University College Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Florencia Buroni
- Instituto Nacional de Investigación Agropecuaria (INIA), Plataforma de Investigación en Salud Animal, Estación Experimental INIA Tacuarembó, Tacuarembó, Uruguay.,División de Laboratorios Veterinarios "Miguel C. Rubino" Regional Norte, Ministerio de Ganadería Agricultura y Pesca (MGAP), Tacuarembó, Uruguay
| | - Martín Lucas
- Instituto Nacional de Investigación Agropecuaria (INIA), Plataforma de Investigación en Salud Animal, Estación Experimental INIA Tacuarembó, Tacuarembó, Uruguay
| | - Carlos Omar Schild
- Instituto Nacional de Investigación Agropecuaria (INIA), Plataforma de Investigación en Salud Animal, Estación Experimental INIA Tacuarembó, Tacuarembó, Uruguay
| | - Fabiana López
- División de Laboratorios Veterinarios "Miguel C. Rubino" Regional Norte, Ministerio de Ganadería Agricultura y Pesca (MGAP), Tacuarembó, Uruguay
| | - Mizael Machado
- Instituto Nacional de Investigación Agropecuaria (INIA), Plataforma de Investigación en Salud Animal, Estación Experimental INIA Tacuarembó, Tacuarembó, Uruguay
| | - Franklin Riet-Correa
- Instituto Nacional de Investigación Agropecuaria (INIA), Plataforma de Investigación en Salud Animal, Estación Experimental INIA Tacuarembó, Tacuarembó, Uruguay
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Cáceres-Peña YC, Naya M, Calcagno-Pissarelli MP, Alonso-Amelot ME. Influence of bracken fern (Pteridium caudatum L. Maxon) pre-treatment on extraction yield of illudane glycosides and pterosins. PHYTOCHEMICAL ANALYSIS : PCA 2013; 24:290-295. [PMID: 23168905 DOI: 10.1002/pca.2409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2012] [Revised: 10/01/2012] [Accepted: 10/02/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Bracken (Pteridium spp) illudane glycosidess are labile biologically active terpenoids that undergo decomposition in mild alkali or acid, heat and enzymatic reactions. Hypothetically, quantitation of these weakly chromophoric carcinogens may be challenged by plant sample preparation procedures that may alter the yield of isolates. OBJECTIVE To study the influence of common plant sample pre-treatments on the recovery of Pteridium caudatum illudane glycoside carcinogens, ptaquiloside (1a), caudatoside (1c) and ptaquiloside Z (1d), and associated pterosins A, B and Z (2a, b, c) using HPLC-DAD. METHOD Bracken fronds were divided in equal left/right sections. One section was subjected to high vacuum desiccation (VD) and the other to freeze-drying (FD), air drying at room temperature (AD) for 7 days, air drying at 70 °C for 72 h (HD), or no treatment (fresh frond, FF). Quantitation was achieved by brief hot-water extraction, base-acid transformation of 1a, 1c and 1d to 2a, b, c and HPLC-DAD analysis against standards. RESULTS Substantial differences in extraction yields were found for all illudane glycosides in the order FF > FD ≈ VD > AD > HD. Illudane instability to HD was 1c > 1d > 1a. Significant losses also were recorded in yields of Pterosins A, B and Z. CONCLUSION Glycoside extraction suffers from substantial yield loss of all illudane glycosides and indigenous pterosins in all sample pre-treatments studied relative to fresh frond material.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yamile C Cáceres-Peña
- Grupo de Química Ecológica, Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Los Andes, Mérida 5101, Venezuela
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Di Loria A, Piantedosi D, Cortese L, Roperto S, Urraro C, Paciello O, Guccione J, Britti D, Ciaramella P. Clotting profile in cattle showing chronic enzootic haematuria (CEH) and bladder neoplasms. Res Vet Sci 2012; 93:331-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2011.07.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2011] [Revised: 07/06/2011] [Accepted: 07/11/2011] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Gil da Costa RM, Bastos MMSM, Oliveira PA, Lopes C. Bracken-associated human and animal health hazards: chemical, biological and pathological evidence. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2012; 203-204:1-12. [PMID: 22226718 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2011.12.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2011] [Revised: 12/15/2011] [Accepted: 12/16/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Bracken (Pteridium aquilinum) is a widely distributed carcinogenic fern, to whose toxins human populations are exposed through multiple routes. Animals are also affected by bracken toxins, leading to serious production losses yearly. Accordingly, several governmental reports regarding the safeguard of public health against bracken carcinogens have been recently issued. This review describes the main bioactive compounds identified in bracken and their biological effects at the molecular, cellular, pathological and populational levels, with particular emphasis on ptaquiloside, the main bracken carcinogen. Recent biopathological studies shedding further light on the genotoxicity immunotoxicity and carcinogenicity of ptaquiloside are discussed. Key steps on the long effort to understand bracken toxicology are also reviewed, along with the latest findings on new bracken toxins and human exposures routes. The presence of ptaquiloside and related terpene glycosides in milk, meat and water are of particular concern from the viewpoints of both human and animal health.
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Affiliation(s)
- R M Gil da Costa
- Abel Salazar Institute for Biomedical Sciences (ICBAS), University of Porto, Largo Prof. Abel Salazar 2, 4099-003 Porto, Portugal.
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Gil da Costa RM, Oliveira PA, Vilanova M, Bastos MM, Lopes CC, Lopes C. Ptaquiloside-induced, B-cell lymphoproliferative and early-stage urothelial lesions in mice. Toxicon 2011; 58:543-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2011.08.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2011] [Revised: 08/24/2011] [Accepted: 08/25/2011] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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Bell CR, Scott PR, Sargison ND, Wilson DJ, Morrison L, Howie F, Willoughby K, Penny CD. Idiopathic bovine neonatal pancytopenia in a Scottish beef herd. Vet Rec 2010; 167:938-40. [DOI: 10.1136/vr.c4004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- C. R. Bell
- Large Animal Practice; Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies; Easter Bush Veterinary Centre; Roslin Midlothian EH25 9RG
| | - P. R. Scott
- Large Animal Practice; Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies; Easter Bush Veterinary Centre; Roslin Midlothian EH25 9RG
| | - N. D. Sargison
- Large Animal Practice; Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies; Easter Bush Veterinary Centre; Roslin Midlothian EH25 9RG
| | - D. J. Wilson
- Large Animal Practice; Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies; Easter Bush Veterinary Centre; Roslin Midlothian EH25 9RG
| | - L. Morrison
- Veterinary Pathology Unit; Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies; Easter Bush Veterinary Centre; Roslin Midlothian EH25 9RG
| | - F. Howie
- SAC Consulting: Veterinary Services; Allan Watt Building, Bush Estate Penicuik Midlothian EH26 0QE
| | - K. Willoughby
- Moredun Research Institute; Pentlands Science Park, Bush Loan Penicuik Midlothian EH26 0PZ
| | - C. D. Penny
- Large Animal Practice; Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies; Easter Bush Veterinary Centre; Roslin Midlothian EH25 9RG
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Anjos BL, Irigoyen LF, Piazer JVM, Brum JS, Fighera RA, Barros CS. Intoxicação experimental aguda por samambaia (Pteridium aquilinum) em bovinos. PESQUISA VETERINARIA BRASILEIRA 2009. [DOI: 10.1590/s0100-736x2009000900013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Este experimento foi delineado para investigar os seguintes pontos em relação à intoxicação aguda por samambaia (Pteridium aquilinum) em bovinos: 1) a intensidade da trombocitopenia em diferentes momentos da intoxicação e sua relação com possíveis déficits na hemostasia secundária, 2) a relação da neutropenia com as manifestações morfológicas de septicemia ocasionalmente observadas na necropsia, e 3) o mecanismo da anemia e sua relação com a perda de sangue, a vida média eritróide e a evolução da doença. As hastes superiores mais verdes de P. aquilinum foram administradas a quatro bovinos sem raça definida, com idade média de 1,5 ano e pesos entre 190-215 kg. Um bovino de idade e peso semelhantes foi usado como controle e, exceto por não ter recebido P. aquilinum, foi mantido nas mesmas condições que os outros quatro. Os quatro bovinos que receberam a planta morreram com quadro característico da intoxicação aguda por samambaia após receberem durante 53-58 dias, doses diárias de 8,0, 8,6, 10,2 e 10,6g/kg de peso corporal, que totalizaram, ao final do experimento, respectivamente, 112,7, 107,6, 85,7, 90,15 kg da planta, o que corresponde, respectivamente, a 59,3%, 63,3%, 47,4%, 47,5% da planta em relação ao peso dos bovinos. A doença caracterizou-se por febre de até 42,5°C e diversos graus de hemorragias observadas clinicamente, na necropsia e na histopatologia. A morte ocorria 6-7 dias após o início do quadro febril. As alterações hematológicas revelaram trombocitopenia e neutropenia acentuadas. Em dois dos quatro bovinos havia anemia leve. Não houve variações significativas nos tempos de coagulação dos bovinos intoxicados, quando avaliados os fatores de coagulação (secundária), excluindo-se assim a possibilidade da participação de distúrbios da hemostasia secundária na patogênese das hemorragias nessa intoxicação. A determinação dos produtos da degradação da fibrina no soro revelou dados conflitantes, não permitindo concluir se a coagulação intravascular disseminada tem participação na patogênese das hemorragias nessa intoxicação. A citopatologia e histopatologia da medula óssea dos quatro bovinos intoxicados revelaram acentuada diminuição no número de células hematopoéticas das três linhagens medulares, caracterizando insuficiência medular por aplasia; conclui-se que apenas eventos da hemostasia primária devidos a trombocitopenia são responsáveis pelas hemorragias. Na hemocultura de três dos bovinos intoxicados houve crescimento de Klebsiella oxytoca, Staphylococcus hyicus e Staphylococcus aureus, indicando que a septicemia, facilitada pela neutropenia, pode ter participação na causa da morte de bovinos na intoxicação aguda pela ingestão de P. aquilinum. Aspectos adicionais de interesse na reprodução da intoxicação aguda por samambaia em bovinos deste relato incluem o desenvolvimento de hematúria na doença aguda e a apresentação da chamada forma laríngea da doença.
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Carvalho T, Naydan D, Nunes T, Pinto C, Peleteiro MC. Immunohistochemical Evaluation of Vascular Urinary Bladder Tumors from Cows with Enzootic Hematuria. Vet Pathol 2009; 46:211-21. [DOI: 10.1354/vp.46-2-211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Fifty-six endothelial-derived urinary bladder tumor samples collected from 26 animals with bovine enzootic hematuria were selected for immunohistochemical studies. Expression of factor VHI-related antigen (FVIIIra), CD31, muscle-specific actin, uroplakin III (UPIII), and the cell cycle-related proteins cyclin Dl and p53 was evaluated in hemangiomas, “hemangioendotheliomas” (a vascular tumor that histologically is intermediate in appearance between a hemangioma and a conventional hemangiosarcoma), and hemangiosarcomas. Although CD31 expression was seen in all endothelial tumors tested, FVIIIra was not expressed in poorly differentiated endothelial tumor cells from solid areas or in 7 muscle-invasive hemangiosarcomas. Cyclin Dl overexpression was seen in 53% of hemangiomas, 82% of hemangioendotheliomas, and 95% of hemangiosarcomas. P53 immunoreac-tivity was only seen in muscle-invasive hemangiosarcomas. The UPIII staining pattern, normally very intense on the apical aspect and cytoplasm of superficial urothelial cells, was altered in the urothelium in an estimated 25% of hemangiomas, most hemangioendotheliomas, and most hemangiosarcomas. In conclusion, CD31 is a better marker than FVIIIra in the characterization of bovine endothelial tumors. The cell cycle regulatory pathways involving cyclin Dl and p53 seem to be impaired in endothelial urinary bladder tumors, p53 immunoreactivity positively correlating with enhanced invasion.
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Affiliation(s)
- T. Carvalho
- CIISA, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade Técnica de
Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - D. Naydan
- Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital, School of Veterinary Medicine,
University of California, Davis
| | - T. Nunes
- CIISA, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade Técnica de
Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - C. Pinto
- Serviçe de Desenvolvimento Agrário de São Miguel, Ponta Delgada, Açores,
Portugal
| | - M. C. Peleteiro
- CIISA, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade Técnica de
Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
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Rasmussen LH, Lauren DR, Smith BL, Hansen HCB. Variation in ptaquiloside content in bracken (Pteridium esculentum(Forst. f) Cockayne) in New Zealand. N Z Vet J 2008; 56:304-9. [DOI: 10.1080/00480169.2008.36851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Hirono I. Recent advances in research on bracken carcinogen and carcinogenicity of betel nut. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008. [DOI: 10.1080/10590508509373332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Anjos BL, Irigoyen LF, Fighera RA, Gomes AD, Kommers GD, Barros CS. Intoxicação aguda por samambaia (Pteridium aquilinum) em bovinos na Região Central do Rio Grande do Sul. PESQUISA VETERINÁRIA BRASILEIRA 2008. [DOI: 10.1590/s0100-736x2008001000010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Foram revisados casos de intoxicação por samambaia (Pteridium aquilinum) em bovinos de 10 pequenas propriedades rurais de sete municípios da Região Central do Rio Grande do Sul. O estudo abrangeu 6.256 necrospias de bovinos realizadas num período de 43 anos e incluiu 15 necropsias de bovinos que morreram em conseqüência da intoxicação aguda por samambaia. As taxas de morbidade e mortalidade foram 17,9% e a letalidade era virtualmente de 100%. Em 40% das propriedades a doença ocorreu em pequenos surtos afetando vários bovinos; em 60% das propriedades apenas um bovino era afetado. Os principais sinais clínicos incluíam febre (40-42ºC), apatia, salivação e hemorragias, principalmente pelas gengivas, pela cavidade nasal e pelo trato gastrintestinal. Múltiplas petéquias eram observadas nas mucosas e na pele. Ocasionalmente observou-se hematúria e sangue no leite. A doença era invariavelmente fatal após um curso clínico de dois dias. Alterações hematológicas consistiam de leucopenia por neutropenia, anemia normocítica normocrômica e trombocitopenia arregenerativa. Os achados de necropsia incluíam hemorragias de intensidade variável em vários órgãos e infartos no fígado. Tanto as hemorragias quanto os infartos foram confirmados histologicamente; agregados de bacilos e vasos trombosados foram observados em associação com os infartos. Aplasia da medula óssea era um achado consistente nos quatro casos em que esse órgão foi examinado.
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Yamada K, Ojika M, Kigoshi H. Ptaquiloside, the major toxin of bracken, and related terpene glycosides: chemistry, biology and ecology. Nat Prod Rep 2007; 24:798-813. [PMID: 17653360 DOI: 10.1039/b614160a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Bracken (Pteridium spp.) is a ubiquitous fern which has been described as one of the five most common plants on the earth. The toxic effects of bracken on livestock have been recorded since the end of the 19th century, and extensive and intensive investigations for the bracken toxin(s) led to the isolation of ptaquiloside in 1983 as the major, but unstable, toxin of bracken. This review concentrates mainly on the results of the scientific investigations into ptaquiloside, and cites 133 references.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kiyoyuki Yamada
- Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Chikusa, Nagoya 464-8602, Japan
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15
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Opinion of the Scientific Panel on contaminants in the food chain [CONTAM] related to cyanogenic compounds as undesirable substances in animal feed. EFSA J 2007. [DOI: 10.2903/j.efsa.2007.434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
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Perez-Alenza MD, Blanco J, Sardon D, Sanchez Moreiro MA, Rodriguez-Bertos A. Clinico-pathological findings in cattle exposed to chronic bracken fern toxicity. N Z Vet J 2006; 54:185-92. [PMID: 16915340 DOI: 10.1080/00480169.2006.36693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
AIM To describe changes in blood and urine analytes in a large group of cattle exposed to chronic bracken fern toxicity, in order to identify parameters of potential diagnostic value. METHODS The study was conducted on two livestock farms on which bovine enzootic haematuria (BEH) was known to occur; Farm A grazed a local breed of cows and Farm B grazed Friesians. Group A1 comprised 66 cows from Farm A, Group B 54 cows from Farm B, and Group A2 13 heifers from Farm A. Ten healthy cows were used as controls. A complete physical examination was performed (Group A1), and blood (all groups) and urine (Groups A1 and B) samples were collected. Necropsies and histopathology were undertaken on four cows. RESULTS Anaemia, leucopenia, monocytosis, thrombocytopenia, hypergammaglobulinaemia, microhaematuria and proteinuria were detected. Multivariate statistical analyses established three phases of the disease of increasing severity; an initial phase, characterised by an extremely high monocytosis and otherwise normal parameters; an intermediate phase, characterised by monocytosis and moderate changes to other analytes; and a final phase, characterised by normal levels of monocytes and many changes to other analytes. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Monocytosis, detected in 31% of the younger animals, could represent an initial response to consumption of bracken fern and might be useful as an early haematological marker of BEH.
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Affiliation(s)
- M D Perez-Alenza
- Department Animal Medicine, Surgery and Pathology, Veterinary Medicine School, Complutense University of Madrid, Ciudad Universitaria, 28040 Madrid, Spain
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França TDN, Tokarnia CH, Peixoto PV. Enfermidades determinadas pelo princípio radiomimético de Pteridium aquilinum (Polypodiaceae). PESQUISA VETERINARIA BRASILEIRA 2002. [DOI: 10.1590/s0100-736x2002000300001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Por meio de revisão da literatura pertinente foram coligidos e são apresentados os principais dados relativos aos aspectos epidemiológicos, toxicológicos, clínicos, anátomo e histopatológicos observados nos casos de intoxicação pelo princípio radiomimético de Pteridium aquilinum (L.) Kuhn. São abordados a Hematúria Enzoótica Bovina (HEB), os Carcinomas das Vias Digestivas Superiores (CVDS), a Diátese Hemorrágica (DH), os Tumores Intestinais (TI) e a Degeneração Progressiva da Retina (DPR), com ênfase proporcional à importância de cada entidade. Esse estudo objetiva chamar a atenção para o especial significado dessa planta para a pecuária, em função dos prejuízos econômicos por ela determinados e, também, pelo provável risco que ela representa para a saúde humana.
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The chemistry and toxicology of bioactive compounds in bracken fern (Pteridium SSP), with special reference to chemical ecology and carcinogenesis. BIOACTIVE NATURAL PRODUCTS 2002. [DOI: 10.1016/s1572-5995(02)80017-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
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Abstract
The ubiquitous bracken fern (genus Pteridium) is the only higher plant known to cause cancer naturally in animals. In addition to the well-recognized syndromes of thiamine deficiency, acute haemorrhage associated with myeloid aplasia and blindness due to retinal degeneration, it causes neoplasia of the urinary bladder and in some circumstances, of the upper gut. In addition, it has been shown to cause neoplasia in a wide range of tissues in many experimental species. The major carcinogen (and the cause of the retinal degeneration and the myeloid aplasia) has been shown to be ptaquiloside (PT), a norsesquiterpene glucoside that can be present in bracken in extraordinary concentrations, up to 13 000 ppm. The highest concentrations were found in the crosiers and young unfolding fronds. The mutagenicity, clastogenicity, teratogenicity and carcinogenicity have been convincingly demonstrated. Under alkaline conditions the loss of the glucose gives rise to the formation of a dienone intermediate which possesses a highly reactive cyclopropyl ring capable of reacting with cellular macromolecules. PT has been shown to alkylate DNA at N3 of adenines in the minor groove, preferentially in 5'-TAG and 3'-A in 5'-AA-3' sequences. It also alkylates N7 guanines in the major groove occurring in 5'-TG sequences. It is believed that these alkylations lead to mismatch repair and subsequent mutations in particular proto-oncogenes. Recently a rat model of carcinogenesis has been established using intravenously (iv) administered PT. Some epidemiological evidence has indicated higher risk of cancer in people who consume bracken crosiers, people who consume milk of cows feeding on bracken and those who live in bracken-infested areas. PT has been found in the milk of cows fed on bracken fern experimentally and the milk of bracken-fed cows has been shown to cause cancer in rats. PT carcinogenesis presents an excellent model of environmental and experimental carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Shahin
- National Research Centre for Environmental Toxicology, 39 Kessels Road, Coopers Plains, Qld 4108, Australia
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Seawright AA. Directly toxic effects of plant chemicals which may occur in human and animal foods. NATURAL TOXINS 1995; 3:227-32; discussion 242. [PMID: 7582621 DOI: 10.1002/nt.2620030411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Pyrrolizidine alkaloids are among the most significant plant chemicals causing disease in animals and humans. After absorption from the gut, the compounds are converted to electrophilic pyrroles in the liver which, apart from causing damage to this organ, may escape to cause injury to extraheptic tissues such as the lungs, heart, and kidneys. A group of compounds more recently found to be associated with neurotoxicity are various polyhydroxyalkaloids which are able to interfere with polysaccharide metabolism. They are able to inhibit lysosomal monosaccharidases by virtue of their structural resemblance to the transition state of particular sugar molecules. The resulting lysosomal storage diseases have pathology identical to that of the respective congenital and heritable lysosomal storage diseases which occur in animals and humans. Consumption of cycad plants by cattle may cause a neurotoxicity characterised mainly by a posterior sensory ataxia. In recent years, cycads are considered to be a risk factor for a spectrum of progressive neuro degenerative diseases of humans in the Western Pacific region. The known toxins in the plant are the methylazoxymethanol glycosides which are hepatotoxic and carcinogenic, and the neurotoxic non-protein amino acid beta-methylaminoalanine. A plant carcinogen which can be of great abundance in the nutritional environment is the illudine norsesquiterpene glucoside ptaquiloside which is found in bracken fern. This is the only plant carcinogen which causes natural outbreaks of bladder and/or intestinal cancer in livestock. Many legumes contain phytooestrogens, notably isoflavones. Consumption of these compounds at high levels by sheep can cause extensive lesions of the genitalia of females and castrated males.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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Affiliation(s)
- A A Seawright
- National Research Centre for Environmental Toxicology, Coopers Plains, Queensland, Australia
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Affiliation(s)
- I Hirono
- Department of Pathology, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Aichi
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Nagao T, Saito K, Hirayama E, Uchikoshi K, Koyama K, Natori S, Morisaki N, Iwasaki S, Matsushima T. Mutagenicity of ptaquiloside, the carcinogen in bracken, and its related illudane-type sesquiterpenes. I. Mutagenicity in Salmonella typhimurium. Mutat Res 1989; 215:173-8. [PMID: 2689878 DOI: 10.1016/0027-5107(89)90181-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Ptaquiloside, a potent carcinogen of an illudane-type sesquiterpene glycoside isolated from Pteridium aquilinum, and its related compounds, hypolosides having the same nucleus isolated from the Pteridaceae, exhibited marked mutagenicity in the modified Ames test with Salmonella typhimurium TA98 and TA100 using a preincubation at pH 8.5. Illudins M and S, sesquiterpenes of the same illudane type from basidiomycetes, also exhibited mutagenicity. The structural requirements for mutagenicity are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Nagao
- Meiji College of Pharmacy, Tokyo, Japan
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Matsuoka A, Hirosawa A, Natori S, Iwasaki S, Sofuni T, Ishidate M. Mutagenicity of ptaquiloside, the carcinogen in bracken, and its related illudane-type sesquiterpenes. II. Chromosomal aberration tests with cultured mammalian cells. Mutat Res 1989; 215:179-85. [PMID: 2601729 DOI: 10.1016/0027-5107(89)90182-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The chromosomal aberration test using a Chinese hamster lung cell line (CHL) was carried out on ptaquiloside and its related compounds, hypoloside B, hypoloside C, illudin M and illudin S. Ptaquiloside induced chromosomal aberrations at doses as low as 4.5 micrograms/ml (0.0113 mM). The clastogenic effect was pH-dependent. The same activity was observed at a 90-fold higher dose at pH 5.3 in the culture medium compared with the activity at pH 7.4 or pH 8.0. Both hypoloside B and hypoloside C were also clastogenic at almost the same dose level as that of ptaquiloside. Illudin M and illudin S were also potent clastogens and induced aberrations at much lower doses than ptaquiloside. These results suggest that the clastogenic effect is involved in the mechanism of carcinogenic potency of ptaquiloside in animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Matsuoka
- Division of Mutagenesis, National Institute of Hygienic Sciences, Tokyo, Japan
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Smith BL, Embling PP, Lauren DR, Agnew MP, Ross AD, Greentree PL. Carcinogen in rock fern (Chielanthes sieberi) from New Zealand and Australia. Aust Vet J 1989; 66:230-1. [PMID: 2775071 DOI: 10.1111/j.1751-0813.1989.tb09822.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- B L Smith
- Ruakura Agricultural Centre, Ministry of Agriculture and Fisheries, Hamilton, New Zealand
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Smith BL, Embling PP, Lauren DR, Agnew MP, Ross AD, Greentree PL. Carcinogen in rock fern (Cheilanthes sieberi) from New Zealand and Australia. Aust Vet J 1989; 66:154-5. [PMID: 2735897 DOI: 10.1111/j.1751-0813.1989.tb09785.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- B L Smith
- Ruakura Agricultural Centre, Ministry of Agriculture and Fisheries, Hamilton, New Zealand
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Smith BL, Embling PP, Agnew MP, Lauren DR, Holland PT. Carcinogenicity of bracken fern(Pteridium esculentum)in New Zealand. N Z Vet J 1988; 36:56-8. [PMID: 16031441 DOI: 10.1080/00480169.1988.35481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Bracken fern (Pteridium esculentum) was harvested from two sites LB and TB one of which (TB) was on a central North Island New Zealand farm where bovine enzootic haematuria (BEH) was known to occur. The fern was dried, ground and incorporated (25% w/w) into a pelleted diet and fed to female rats for a total of 162 days. Fifteen weeks later when the rats were autopsied it was found that numerous tumours, mainly of the ileum and urinary bladder were present in the animals fed the bracken fern from the TB site. Neoplasms were found in 85% of rats from the TB group compared with 11% in the LB group while only a single tumour (a haemangioma of the uterus) was observed in the controls. In all, there were neoplasms in 42, 5 and 1 organ/s from the TB, LB and control rat groups respectively (p<0.001). Analysis of the fern and pellets for ptaquiloside, the carcinogen in bracken fern, showed much higher levels present in the material from the TB site. There was 26 and 2270 microg ptaquiloside/g of dried fern and, for pellets from the same fern, 6.5 and 355 microg ptaquiloside/g of pellets, for one collection from the LB and TB sources respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- B L Smith
- Ruakura Agricultural Centre, Private Bag, Hamilton, New Zealand
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Murakami T, Tanaka N. Occurrence, Structure and Taxonomic Implications of Fern Constituents. FORTSCHRITTE DER CHEMIE ORGANISCHER NATURSTOFFE / PROGRESS IN THE CHEMISTRY OF ORGANIC NATURAL PRODUCTS 1988. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-7091-8999-3_1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Abstract
Several procyanidins with different degrees of polymerization (dimers, a trimer and a polymer) and extracted from different natural sources were found to be non-mutagenic in the Salmonella mutagenesis assay system. A mutagenic impurity in procyanidin B-4 was isolated by means of reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and identified as rutin with UV spectrometry, co-chromatography on reversed-phase HPLC and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry.
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Structures of new p-hydroxystyrene glycosides, ptelatoside-a and ptelatoside-b isolated from bracken fern, var. , and synthesis of ptelatoside-a. Tetrahedron 1987. [DOI: 10.1016/s0040-4020(01)87703-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Ojika M, Wakamatsu K, Niwa H, Yamada K. Ptaquiloside, a potent carcinogen isolated from bracken fern var. : structure elucidation based on chemical and spectral evidence, and reactions with amino acids, nucleosides, and nucleotides. Tetrahedron 1987. [DOI: 10.1016/s0040-4020(01)87702-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Abstract
The carcinogenicity of bracken fern, Pteridium aquilinum, was demonstrated most clearly by the experiment of Evans and Mason in 1965. We have performed fractionation of the aqueous extract by means of the assay based on carcinogenicity and isolated an unstable norsesquiterpene glucoside of illudane type named ptaquiloside (PT). It was proved that PT is the carcinogenic principle present in bracken fern, inducing mammary cancer and multiple ileal tumors in high incidences when given orally to female Sprague-Dawley rats. The present review article deals with the explanation of carcinogenicity of bracken fern, progress in separation of carcinogenic fraction, isolation of PT, and its carcinogenic activity in rats.
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