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Yang F, Li N, Liu B, Yu J, Wu S, Zhang R, Yang W, Ji C, Sun Q, Ma J, Li M, Zhou J, Zhou X, Pietrani M, Losinno L, Zeng S. Practical protocols for timed artificial insemination of jennies using cooled or frozen donkey semen. Equine Vet J 2020; 53:1218-1226. [PMID: 33368497 DOI: 10.1111/evj.13412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2020] [Revised: 11/03/2020] [Accepted: 12/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND With the expansion of the donkey industry, timed artificial insemination (TAI) is becoming increasingly important in the reproductive management of jennies, however, TAI has not been widely investigated in donkeys. OBJECTIVES To develop efficient TAI protocols for cooled or frozen semen in jennies, based around ovulation induction with a GnRH analogue. STUDY DESIGN Experimental exploratory study. METHODS AND RESULTS In experiment 1, the effects of different GnRH analogue (deslorelin) doses, follicle diameter (FD) at induction, repeated use of a GnRH analogue, and the influence of season on induction efficiency, as well as distribution of ovulations over time after induction were investigated. Induction efficiency was sufficient with 2.2 mg deslorelin (≥90% ovulation within 48 hours of treatment). Ovulation rate between 24 and 48 hours was highest when the FD at treatment was 31-35 mm, as compared to 25-30 mm or 36-40 mm. Repeated use of deslorelin or treatment during different seasons had no effect on induction efficiency. About 70% of ovulations occurred between 32 and 48 hours, and highest incidence of ovulation was at 36-38 hours after induction. In experiment 2, TAI using cooled semen (1 × 109 motile sperm in a 10 mL volume) was performed once at 8 hours after induction (n = 59). Pregnancy rate after TAI with cooled semen was 49.2% (29/59). In experiment 3, jennies were inseminated twice with 10 (n = 23), 5 (n = 31), 3 (n = 32), 2 (n = 82) and 1 (n = 66) straws (more than 50 × 106 motile spermatozoa in each 0.5 mL straw) of frozen semen at 34 and 42 hours after induction. The pregnancy rates were 30.4%, 35.5%, 34.4%, 29.3% and 28.8%, respectively (P > 0.05). MAIN LIMITATIONS In the frozen semen trial, 22.5% (68/302) jennies were excluded after failure to ovulate during the appropriate time interval. In addition, there were no control groups for the AI trials. CONCLUSION When FD reaches 31-35 mm, a donkey jenny can be inseminated once using cooled semen at 8 hours or twice using frozen semen at 34 and 42 hours after deslorelin treatment. The frozen semen TAI protocol resulted in acceptable pregnancy rates using 1 × 108 motile spermatozoa per cycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Yang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding of the Ministry of Agriculture, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Nan Li
- National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding of the Ministry of Agriculture, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Bing Liu
- National Engineering Research Center for Gelatin-based Traditional Chinese Medicine, Done-E Country, China
| | - Jie Yu
- National Engineering Research Center for Gelatin-based Traditional Chinese Medicine, Done-E Country, China
| | - Shuaishuai Wu
- National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding of the Ministry of Agriculture, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China.,National Engineering Research Center for Gelatin-based Traditional Chinese Medicine, Done-E Country, China
| | - Ruitao Zhang
- National Engineering Research Center for Gelatin-based Traditional Chinese Medicine, Done-E Country, China
| | - Weigang Yang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding of the Ministry of Agriculture, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Chuanliang Ji
- National Engineering Research Center for Gelatin-based Traditional Chinese Medicine, Done-E Country, China
| | - Qianqian Sun
- National Engineering Research Center for Gelatin-based Traditional Chinese Medicine, Done-E Country, China
| | - Jinliang Ma
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Jiangsu, China
| | - Min Li
- National Engineering Research Center for Gelatin-based Traditional Chinese Medicine, Done-E Country, China
| | - Jingqian Zhou
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiangshan Zhou
- National Engineering Research Center for Gelatin-based Traditional Chinese Medicine, Done-E Country, China
| | - Melina Pietrani
- Laboratory of equine Production, Faculty of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, National University of Rio Cuarto, Rio Cuarto, Argentina
| | - Luis Losinno
- Laboratory of equine Production, Faculty of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, National University of Rio Cuarto, Rio Cuarto, Argentina
| | - Shenming Zeng
- National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding of the Ministry of Agriculture, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
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Allen WR, Wilsher S. Half a century of equine reproduction research and application: A veterinary tour de force. Equine Vet J 2017; 50:10-21. [PMID: 28971522 DOI: 10.1111/evj.12762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2017] [Accepted: 09/22/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Over the past 50 years, per season pregnancy rate in Thoroughbred mares have risen from 70 to >90% and foaling rates from 55 to >80%. Some of the significant pharmacological treatments and diagnostic methods which have driven this marked improvement in breeding efficiency are reviewed. They include the application of artificial lighting to hasten the onset of ovulatory oestrous cyclicity in early Spring, rapid steroid hormone assays to aid in determining the stage and normality of the mare's cycle, prostaglandin analogues, synthetic progestagens and Gonadotrophin-releasing Hormone (GnRH) analogues to better control and manipulate her cycle to good effect, transrectal ultrasound scanning to monitor follicle growth, endometrial architecture and ovulation and to allow accurate, early pregnancy diagnosis thereby enabling successful ablation of one of twin conceptuses. Also, flexible videoendoscopy to monitor physiological and pathological changes in the uterine endometrium and rigid laparoscopy to apply prostaglandin to the oviducts to dislodge and clear suspected blockages of them to restore fertility. The outbreak of Contagious Equine Metritis in Newmarket in the spring of 1977 and the swabbing-related changes to mare and stallion management, plus the improved veterinary hygiene methods, which followed are also recounted. The past half century has witnessed many technical and therapeutic advances that have enhanced tremendously the diagnostic and treatment capabilities of studfarm veterinary surgeons. They, in turn, have improved greatly the efficiency of breeding Thoroughbreds and other types of horses.
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Affiliation(s)
- W R Allen
- The Paul Mellon Laboratory of Equine Reproduction, Newmarket, Suffolk, UK
| | - S Wilsher
- Sharjah Equine Hospital, Sharjah, UAE
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Miki W, Oniyama H, Takeda N, Kimura Y, Haneda S, Matsui M, Taya K, Nambo Y. Effects of a single use of the GnRH analog buserelin on the induction of ovulation and endocrine profiles in heavy draft mares. J Equine Sci 2016; 27:149-156. [PMID: 27974874 PMCID: PMC5155133 DOI: 10.1294/jes.27.149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2016] [Accepted: 08/26/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
We observed structural changes in the follicles and uterus of heavy draft mares during estrus and examined the effect of a single injection of the
gonadotropin-releasing hormone analog buserelin on ovulation and endocrine profiles. Twenty-two heavy draft mares were divided into a buserelin-treated group
(n=8) and a control group (n=14). Mares were given an intramuscular injection of 40 µg buserelin when they presented signs of estrus to a teaser stallion, had
≥45 mm diameter follicles, and presented decreased uterine edema compared with the previous examination. The follicles and uterus were monitored using
transrectal ultrasound imaging and measurement of blood levels of luteinizing hormone (LH), follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), progesterone, and estradiol-17β.
The ovulation rates within 48 hr was significantly higher in the treated group (100%, 8/8) than in the control group (57.1%, 8/14; P=0.051). The mean ± SEM time
before confirmation of ovulation was 29 ± 9 hr for the treated group and 59 ± 7 hr for the control group. There were no significant differences in mating
frequency, double ovulation rate, or fertility rate between the two groups. One to two days after administering buserelin, LH and FSH temporarily increased, and
in the control group, LH was high during ovulation, whereas FSH temporarily increased with the growth of the follicle. These results indicate that a single
injection of 40 µg buserelin when follicles are at least 45 mm in diameter and uterine edema is decreased is effective for inducing ovulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wataru Miki
- The United Graduate School of Veterinary Sciences, Gifu University, Gifu 501-1193, Japan; Federation of Hokkaido Agricultural Mutual Aid Associations, Hokkaido 069-0806, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Oniyama
- Tokachi Agricultural Mutual Aid Association, Hokkaido 089-1182, Japan
| | - Naomasa Takeda
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Science, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido 080-8555, Japan
| | - Yuki Kimura
- The United Graduate School of Veterinary Sciences, Gifu University, Gifu 501-1193, Japan
| | - Shingo Haneda
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Science, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido 080-8555, Japan
| | - Motozumi Matsui
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Science, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido 080-8555, Japan
| | - Kazuyoshi Taya
- Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Tokyo 183-8538, Japan
| | - Yasuo Nambo
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Science, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido 080-8555, Japan
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