Retrospective study of the effect of superovulation on subsequent fertility in embryo-transfer donors

Short communication: Does previous superovulation affect fertility in dairy heifers?

The aim of this study was to evaluate the potential negative effects of superovulation on subsequent fertility of dairy heifers. Holstein heifers (n = 1,783), 312 to 387 d of age, and 273 to 307 kg of body weight (BW) from 2 commercial farms were enrolled. These animals were first selected to be donors (446) or nondonors (CON, n = 1,327) according to their genomic values. Nondonor heifers (CON) were artificially inseminated (AI) according to standard procedures of each farm after reaching 320 kg of BW. Donor heifers were superovulated using a fixed FSH dose (180 mg NIH-FSH-P1; Folltropin-V, Vetoquinol Brasil, Mairiporã, SP, Brazil) and embryos were collected following standard procedures. Heifers that produced fewer than 8 viable embryos after first superovulation (SOV1, n = 337) were no longer used as donors, whereas the remaining heifers (SOV2, n = 109) were superovulated a second time within an interval of 48 to 54 d. Donor heifers (SOV1 and SOV2) were AI once they reached 320 kg of BW, at least 15 d after the last embryo collection. Data on age at first AI, at conception, and at parturition, as well as the number of services per conception, were analyzed by ANOVA, using the PROC MIXED procedure of SAS (SAS Institute Inc., Cary, NC) procedure. Binomial variables (pregnancy per AI, overall pregnancy rate, open heifers at 500 d age, and late pregnancy loss) were analyzed using the GLIMMIX procedure of SAS. The heifers selected to undergo superovulation twice (SOV2) yielded more total (12.6 ± 5.3 vs. 6.8 ± 4.6; respectively) and viable embryos (8.5 ± 3.8 vs. 3.9 ± 2.8; respectively) than those superovulated only once (SOV1). Age at first AI, conception, and at parturition was greater in SOV2, but not in SOV1 compared with nondonor controls. In addition, pregnancy per first AI, overall pregnancy rate, services per conception, open heifers at 500 d of age, and occurrence of pregnancy losses after 60 d of gestation were similar among CON, SOV1, and SOV2 heifers. In summary, a single superovulation performed before heifers reach a minimum weight for breeding did not affect age at conception, calving or other indicators of reproductive efficiency. On the other hand, heifers superovulated twice were first inseminated at a later age than their birth cohorts, but had similar reproductive performance.

Advances in reproductive biotechnologies

In recent times, reproductive biotechnologies have emerged and started to replace the conventional techniques. It is noteworthy that for sustained livestock productivity, it is imperative to start using these techniques for facing the increasing challenges for productivity, reproduction and health with impending environment conditions. These recent biotechniques, both in male and female, have revolutionized and opened avenues for studying and manipulating the reproductive process both in vitro and in vivo in various livestock species for improving tis efficiency. This review attempts to highlight pros and cons, on the recent developments in reproductive biotechnologies, both in male and female in livestock species.