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Kruglova M, Nikitin N, Evtushenko E, Matveeva I, Mazurov A, Pavlenko I, Popova V, Bogomolova O, Vasilyev S, Markova E, Fedorov Y. Inactivated Flagellin-Containing Vaccine Efficacy against Ovine Enzootic Abortion. Pathogens 2024; 13:277. [PMID: 38668231 PMCID: PMC11053442 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens13040277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2024] [Revised: 03/21/2024] [Accepted: 03/22/2024] [Indexed: 04/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Chlamydia abortus is the etiological agent of abortion and fetal loss in sheep, goats and bovine cattle in many countries. Even though commercially available vaccines can reduce the incidence in sheep, the development of new, safe, and effective vaccines remains high on the agenda. In this study, an evaluation was made of the efficacy of a vaccine candidate, an inactivated antigen based on the extract of outer membrane proteins of a C. abortus strain known as Chlamydia VNITIBP-21, in combination with recombinant flagellin as an adjuvant. Pregnant sheep (n = 43) were divided into three groups: an experimental vaccinated group, a control infected group and a control non-infected group. The sheep were vaccinated twice, with an interval of 3 weeks, then infected with the homologous virulent strain of Chlamydia abortus on pregnancy day 75. The vaccine candidate reduced C. abortus shedding in vaginal swabs considerably, in comparison with the control group. In addition, ewes in the experimental group experienced no abortions, while those in the control group experienced instances of abortion, as well as births of weak and nonviable lambs. The findings show that the vaccine candidate proved itself to be promising in combatting the agent of ovine abortion and fetal loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Kruglova
- All-Russian Scientific Research and Technological Institute of Biological Industry, Biocombinat, 141142 Moscow, Russia
| | - Nikolai Nikitin
- Department of Virology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119234 Moscow, Russia
| | - Ekaterina Evtushenko
- Department of Virology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119234 Moscow, Russia
| | - Irina Matveeva
- All-Russian Scientific Research and Technological Institute of Biological Industry, Biocombinat, 141142 Moscow, Russia
| | - Aleksandr Mazurov
- All-Russian Scientific Research and Technological Institute of Biological Industry, Biocombinat, 141142 Moscow, Russia
| | - Igor Pavlenko
- All-Russian Scientific Research and Technological Institute of Biological Industry, Biocombinat, 141142 Moscow, Russia
| | - Vera Popova
- All-Russian Scientific Research and Technological Institute of Biological Industry, Biocombinat, 141142 Moscow, Russia
| | - Olesya Bogomolova
- All-Russian Scientific Research and Technological Institute of Biological Industry, Biocombinat, 141142 Moscow, Russia
| | - Stepan Vasilyev
- All-Russian Scientific Research and Technological Institute of Biological Industry, Biocombinat, 141142 Moscow, Russia
| | - Evgeniya Markova
- All-Russian Scientific Research and Technological Institute of Biological Industry, Biocombinat, 141142 Moscow, Russia
| | - Yuri Fedorov
- All-Russian Scientific Research and Technological Institute of Biological Industry, Biocombinat, 141142 Moscow, Russia
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Livingstone M, Wattegedera SR, Palarea-Albaladejo J, Aitchison K, Corbett C, Sait M, Wilson K, Chianini F, Rocchi MS, Wheelhouse N, Entrican G, Longbottom D. Efficacy of Two Chlamydia abortus Subcellular Vaccines in a Pregnant Ewe Challenge Model for Ovine Enzootic Abortion. Vaccines (Basel) 2021; 9:vaccines9080898. [PMID: 34452023 PMCID: PMC8402522 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines9080898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Revised: 08/02/2021] [Accepted: 08/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Chlamydia abortus, the aetiological agent of enzootic abortion of ewes, is a major cause of reproductive loss in small ruminants worldwide, accounting for significant economic losses to the farming industry. Disease can be managed through the use of commercial inactivated or live whole organism-based vaccines, although both have limitations particularly in terms of efficacy, safety and disease-associated outbreaks. Here we report a comparison of two experimental vaccines (chlamydial outer membrane complex (COMC) and octyl glucoside (OG)-COMC) based on detergent extracted outer membrane preparations of C. abortus and delivered as prime-boost immunisations, with the commercial live vaccine Cevac® Chlamydia in a pregnant sheep challenge model. No abortions occurred in either experimental vaccine group, while a single abortion occurred in the commercial vaccine group. Bacterial shedding, as a measure of potential risk of transmission of infection to naïve animals, was lowest in the COMC vaccinated group, with reductions of 87.5%, 86.4% and 74% observed for the COMC, OG-COMC and live commercial vaccine groups, respectively, compared to the unvaccinated challenge control group. The results show that the COMC vaccine performed the best and is a safer efficacious alternative to the commercial vaccines. However, to improve commercial viability, future studies should optimise the antigen dose and number of inoculations required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morag Livingstone
- Moredun Research Institute, Pentlands Science Park, Midlothian EH26 0PZ, UK; (M.L.); (S.R.W.); (K.A.); (C.C.); (M.S.); (K.W.); (F.C.); (M.S.R.); (N.W.); (G.E.)
| | - Sean Ranjan Wattegedera
- Moredun Research Institute, Pentlands Science Park, Midlothian EH26 0PZ, UK; (M.L.); (S.R.W.); (K.A.); (C.C.); (M.S.); (K.W.); (F.C.); (M.S.R.); (N.W.); (G.E.)
| | | | - Kevin Aitchison
- Moredun Research Institute, Pentlands Science Park, Midlothian EH26 0PZ, UK; (M.L.); (S.R.W.); (K.A.); (C.C.); (M.S.); (K.W.); (F.C.); (M.S.R.); (N.W.); (G.E.)
| | - Cecilia Corbett
- Moredun Research Institute, Pentlands Science Park, Midlothian EH26 0PZ, UK; (M.L.); (S.R.W.); (K.A.); (C.C.); (M.S.); (K.W.); (F.C.); (M.S.R.); (N.W.); (G.E.)
| | - Michelle Sait
- Moredun Research Institute, Pentlands Science Park, Midlothian EH26 0PZ, UK; (M.L.); (S.R.W.); (K.A.); (C.C.); (M.S.); (K.W.); (F.C.); (M.S.R.); (N.W.); (G.E.)
| | - Kim Wilson
- Moredun Research Institute, Pentlands Science Park, Midlothian EH26 0PZ, UK; (M.L.); (S.R.W.); (K.A.); (C.C.); (M.S.); (K.W.); (F.C.); (M.S.R.); (N.W.); (G.E.)
| | - Francesca Chianini
- Moredun Research Institute, Pentlands Science Park, Midlothian EH26 0PZ, UK; (M.L.); (S.R.W.); (K.A.); (C.C.); (M.S.); (K.W.); (F.C.); (M.S.R.); (N.W.); (G.E.)
| | - Mara Silvia Rocchi
- Moredun Research Institute, Pentlands Science Park, Midlothian EH26 0PZ, UK; (M.L.); (S.R.W.); (K.A.); (C.C.); (M.S.); (K.W.); (F.C.); (M.S.R.); (N.W.); (G.E.)
| | - Nicholas Wheelhouse
- Moredun Research Institute, Pentlands Science Park, Midlothian EH26 0PZ, UK; (M.L.); (S.R.W.); (K.A.); (C.C.); (M.S.); (K.W.); (F.C.); (M.S.R.); (N.W.); (G.E.)
| | - Gary Entrican
- Moredun Research Institute, Pentlands Science Park, Midlothian EH26 0PZ, UK; (M.L.); (S.R.W.); (K.A.); (C.C.); (M.S.); (K.W.); (F.C.); (M.S.R.); (N.W.); (G.E.)
| | - David Longbottom
- Moredun Research Institute, Pentlands Science Park, Midlothian EH26 0PZ, UK; (M.L.); (S.R.W.); (K.A.); (C.C.); (M.S.); (K.W.); (F.C.); (M.S.R.); (N.W.); (G.E.)
- Correspondence:
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3
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Montbrau C, Fontseca M, March R, Sitja M, Benavides J, Ortega N, Caro MR, Salinas J. Evaluation of the Efficacy of a New Commercially Available Inactivated Vaccine Against Ovine Enzootic Abortion. Front Vet Sci 2020; 7:593. [PMID: 33102549 PMCID: PMC7499823 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2020.00593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2020] [Accepted: 07/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Ovine enzootic abortion (OEA), caused by Chlamydia abortus, is an economically important disease in many countries. Inactivated vaccines have been used for many years as they induce immunity in sheep, although outbreaks of abortions have been described in vaccinated flocks. In addition, there is a commercially available live attenuated vaccine that provides good protective results. Recently however, reports question the attenuation of this vaccine and associate it with the appearance of outbreaks of OEA in vaccinated flocks. In the present study, a recently commercialized inactivated vaccine (INMEVA®; Laboratorios Hipra S.A., Amer, Spain) has been evaluated using mouse and sheep experimental models. In the mouse models (non-pregnant and pregnant models), the efficacy of INMEVA vaccine has been compared to an unvaccinated control group and to an experimental inactivated vaccine considered as a positive protection control (UMU vaccine). In the non- pregnant model, the UMU vaccine was more effective than the INMEVA vaccine regarding the impact on body weight or the presence of C. abortus in the liver, but both vaccinated groups (UMU and INMEVA) had significantly lower C. abortus in the liver compared to the control group. In the pregnant model in terms of reproductive failures, pups per mouse or the presence of C. abortus in the liver or uterus, no significant differences were found between both vaccines, inducing protection compared to the control group. In the ovine pregnant model, where INMEVA vaccine was compared only to an unvaccinated group, the results indicate that this new commercial vaccine is safe and provides a suitable level of protection against an experimental challenge with C. abortus. A 75% reduction in reproductive disorders, 55% reduction in animals with C. abortus shedding on day of parturition/abortion, and a significant reduction of the average amount of chlamydial shedding from parturition/abortion over the next 21 days was observed, in relation to the infected control group. The results suggest that this vaccine is adequate for the control and prevention of OEA; however, future studies are necessary to elucidate the type of protective immune response that it induces.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Julio Benavides
- Instituto de Ganadería de Montaña (CSIC-Universidad de León), León, Spain
| | - Nieves Ortega
- Department of Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary, Mare Nostrum International University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain
| | - María Rosa Caro
- Department of Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary, Mare Nostrum International University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain
| | - Jesús Salinas
- Department of Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary, Mare Nostrum International University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain
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4
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García-Seco T, Pérez-Sancho M, Salinas J, Navarro A, Díez-Guerrier A, García N, Pozo P, Goyache J, Domínguez L, Álvarez J. Effect of Preventive Chlamydia abortus Vaccination in Offspring Development in Sheep Challenged Experimentally. Front Vet Sci 2016; 3:67. [PMID: 27610362 PMCID: PMC4997790 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2016.00067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2016] [Accepted: 08/09/2016] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Ovine enzootic abortion, caused by Chlamydia abortus, leads to important economic losses worldwide. In addition to reproductive failures, infection may impact lamb growth during the first weeks after birth, yet this effect has not been well characterized. Vaccination can help to control the disease but variable efficacy values have been described, possibly related with factors associated with the host, the vaccine, the parameter used for efficacy determination, and the challenge conditions. In this context, we evaluated the efficacy of an inactivated standard commercial vaccine and a 1/2 diluted dose in pregnant sheep challenged with C. abortus by examining multiple indicators of vaccine effect (including incidence of reproductive failures, bacterial excretion, and evolution of weight gain of viable lambs during the first month of life). Three groups of ewes [control non-vaccinated, C (n = 18); vaccinated with standard dose, SV (n = 16); and vaccinated with 1/2 dose, DV (n = 17)], were challenged approximately 90 days post-mating and tested using direct PCR (tissue samples and vaginal swabs) and ELISA (serum) until 31 days post-reproductive outcome. There were not significant differences in the proportions of reproductive failures or bacterial shedding after birth/abortion regardless the vaccination protocol. However, a beneficial effect of vaccination on offspring growth was detected in both vaccinated groups compared with the controls, with a mean increase in weight measured at 30 days of life of 1.5 and 2.5 kg (p = 0.056) and an increase in the geometric mean of the daily gain of 8.4 and 9.7% in lambs born from DV and SV ewes compared with controls, respectively. Our results demonstrate the effect of an inactivated vaccine in the development of the offspring of C. abortus-infected ewes at a standard and a diluted dose, an interesting finding given the difficulty in achieving sufficient antigen concentration in the production of enzootic abortion of ewes-commercial vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teresa García-Seco
- Centro de Vigilancia Sanitaria Veterinaria (VISAVET), Universidad Complutense de Madrid , Madrid , Spain
| | - Marta Pérez-Sancho
- Centro de Vigilancia Sanitaria Veterinaria (VISAVET), Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain; Campus de Excelencia Internacional (CEI) Moncloa, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM)-Universidad Complutense de Madrid (UCM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Jesús Salinas
- Departamento de Sanidad Animal, Facultad de Veterinaria, Regional Campus of International Excellence 'Campus Mare Nostrum', Universidad de Murcia , Murcia , Spain
| | - Alejandro Navarro
- Centro de Vigilancia Sanitaria Veterinaria (VISAVET), Universidad Complutense de Madrid , Madrid , Spain
| | | | - Nerea García
- Centro de Vigilancia Sanitaria Veterinaria (VISAVET), Universidad Complutense de Madrid , Madrid , Spain
| | - Pilar Pozo
- Centro de Vigilancia Sanitaria Veterinaria (VISAVET), Universidad Complutense de Madrid , Madrid , Spain
| | - Joaquín Goyache
- Centro de Vigilancia Sanitaria Veterinaria (VISAVET), Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain; Departamento de Sanidad Animal, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Lucas Domínguez
- Centro de Vigilancia Sanitaria Veterinaria (VISAVET), Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain; Departamento de Sanidad Animal, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Julio Álvarez
- Department of Veterinary Population Medicine, University of Minnesota , Saint Paul, MN , USA
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5
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Pan Q, Pais R, Ohandjo A, He C, He Q, Omosun Y, Igietseme JU, Eko FO. Comparative evaluation of the protective efficacy of two formulations of a recombinant Chlamydia abortus subunit candidate vaccine in a mouse model. Vaccine 2015; 33:1865-72. [PMID: 25698486 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2015.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2014] [Revised: 01/22/2015] [Accepted: 02/04/2015] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Chlamydia abortus (C. abortus) is the causative agent of ovine enzootic abortion (OEA) and poses a zoonotic risk to pregnant women. Current live attenuated 1B vaccines are efficacious but cause disease in vaccinated animals and inactivated vaccines are only marginally protective. We tested the ability of a new C. abortus subunit vaccine candidate based on the conserved and immunogenic polymorphic membrane protein D (Pmp18D) formulated in CpG1826+FL (Fms-like tyrosine kinase 3 Ligand; Flt3L) or Vibrio cholerae ghosts (VCG) to induce innate and cross protective immunity against genital C. abortus infection. We found that delivery of rPmp18D with VCG was more effective than with CpG+FL in up-regulating the expression of molecules critically involved in T cell activation and differentiation, including MHC II, CD40, CD80, and CD86, activation of TLRs and NLRP3 inflammasome engagement, and secretion of IL-1β and TNF-α but not IL-10 and IL-4. rVCG-Pmp18D-immunized mice elicited more robust antigen-specific IFN-γ, IgA and IgG2c antibody responses compared to CpG+FL-delivered rPmp18D. Based on the number of mice with positive vaginal cultures, length of vaginal shedding, and number of inclusion forming units recovered following challenge with the heterologous C. abortus strain B577, vaccine delivery with VCG induced superior protective immunity than delivery with a combination of CpG1826 and FL, a nasal DC-targeting adjuvant. These results demonstrate that the ability of VCG to enhance protective immunity against genital C. abortus infection is superior to that of CpG+FL adjuvants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Pan
- Department of Microbiology, Biochemistry and Immunology, Morehouse School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA; College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Roshan Pais
- Department of Microbiology, Biochemistry and Immunology, Morehouse School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Adaugo Ohandjo
- Department of Microbiology, Biochemistry and Immunology, Morehouse School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Cheng He
- College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Qing He
- Department of Microbiology, Biochemistry and Immunology, Morehouse School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Yusuf Omosun
- Department of Microbiology, Biochemistry and Immunology, Morehouse School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - J U Igietseme
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - F O Eko
- Department of Microbiology, Biochemistry and Immunology, Morehouse School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA.
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6
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Navarro JA, Buendia AJ, Martínez CM, Sánchez J, Ortega N, Gallego MC, Caro MR, Salinas J. Diagnosis of placental pathogens in small ruminants by immunohistochemistry and PCR on paraffin-embedded samples. Vet Rec 2009; 165:175-8. [DOI: 10.1136/vr.165.6.175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- J. A. Navarro
- Departamento de Anatomía y Anatomía Patológica Comparadas
| | - A. J. Buendia
- Departamento de Anatomía y Anatomía Patológica Comparadas
| | - C. M. Martínez
- Departamento de Anatomía y Anatomía Patológica Comparadas
| | - J. Sánchez
- Departamento de Anatomía y Anatomía Patológica Comparadas
| | - N. Ortega
- Departamento de Sanidad Animal; Facultad de Veterinaria; Universidad de Murcia; Campus de Espinado Murcia 30100 Spain
| | - M. C. Gallego
- Departamento de Sanidad Animal; Facultad de Veterinaria; Universidad de Murcia; Campus de Espinado Murcia 30100 Spain
| | - M. R. Caro
- Departamento de Sanidad Animal; Facultad de Veterinaria; Universidad de Murcia; Campus de Espinado Murcia 30100 Spain
| | - J. Salinas
- Departamento de Sanidad Animal; Facultad de Veterinaria; Universidad de Murcia; Campus de Espinado Murcia 30100 Spain
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7
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Caro MR, Buendía AJ, Del Rio L, Ortega N, Gallego MC, Cuello F, Navarro JA, Sanchez J, Salinas J. Chlamydophila abortus infection in the mouse: a useful model of the ovine disease. Vet Microbiol 2008; 135:103-11. [PMID: 18945558 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2008.09.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Chlamydophila (C.) abortus is an obligate intracellular bacterium able to colonize the placenta of several species of mammals, which may induce abortion in the last third of pregnancy. The infection affects mainly small ruminants resulting in major economic losses in farming industries worldwide. Furthermore, its zoonotic risk has been reported in pregnant farmers or abattoir workers. Mouse models have been widely used to study both the pathology of the disease and the role of immune cells in controlling infection. Moreover, this animal experimental model has been considered a useful tool to evaluate new vaccine candidates and adjuvants that could prevent abortion and reduce fetal death. Future studies using these models will provide and reveal information about the precise mechanisms in the immune response against C. abortus and will increase the knowledge about poorly understood issues such as chlamydial persistence.
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Affiliation(s)
- M R Caro
- Departamento de Sanidad Animal, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Murcia, 30100 Campus de Espinardo, Murcia, Spain.
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8
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Ortega N, Caro MR, Buendía AJ, Gallego MC, Del Río L, Martínez CM, Nicolas L, Cuello F, Salinas J. Role of polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMNs) and NK cells in the protection conferred by different vaccines against Chlamydophila abortus infection. Res Vet Sci 2006; 82:314-22. [PMID: 17046037 DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2006.07.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2006] [Revised: 05/30/2006] [Accepted: 07/30/2006] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Ovine enzootic abortion (OEA) is caused by Chlamydophila abortus, an intracellular bacterium which acts by infecting the placenta, causing abortion in the last term of gestation. The main prevention strategy against OEA is the vaccination of flocks. An effective vaccine against C. abortus must induce a Th1-like specific immune response, which is characterized by the early production of IFN-gamma and the activation of CD8(+)T cells. Moreover, vaccine effectiveness could be modulated by the functioning of the innate immunity. The purpose of this study was to ascertain how polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMNs) and NK cells might influence vaccine-induced protection. The live attenuated 1B vaccine and two inactivated experimental vaccines, adjuvated with aluminium hydroxide (AH) or QS-21 (QS), were used in PMN-depleted or NK cell-depleted mice. For PMN depletion, RB6-8C5 monoclonal antibody, which recognizes GR1(+) receptors (Robben, P.M., LaRegina, M., Kuziel, W.A., Sibley, L.D. 2005. Recruitment of Gr-1(+) monocytes is essential for control of acute toxoplasmosis. The Journal of Experimental Medicine 201, 1761-1769.) was used, while for NK cell-depletion the anti-asialo GM1 polyclonal antibody was used. The depletion of PMNs caused 100% mortality in non-vaccinated mice (NV) and 60% mortality in the AH-vaccinated mice by day 10 p.i., while both groups showed a significant increase in their bacterial burden in the liver by day 4 p.i. The depletion of NK cells caused mortality only in the NV group (50% by day 10 p.i.), although this group and the 1B vaccinated mice showed an increased bacterial burden in the liver at day 4 p.i. Our results suggest that the importance of PMNs in inactivated vaccines depends on the adjuvant chosen. The results also demonstrated that the importance of NK cells is greater in live vaccines than in inactivated vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Ortega
- Departamento de Sanidad Animal, Universidad de Murcia, Murcia, Spain
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9
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Caro MR, Buendía AJ, Ortega N, Gallego MC, Martínez CM, Cuello F, Ruiz-Ybañez MR, Erb KJ, Salinas J. Influence of the Th2 immune response established by Nippostrongylus brasiliensis infection on the protection offered by different vaccines against Chlamydophila abortus infection. Vet Res Commun 2005; 29 Suppl 1:51-9. [PMID: 15943065 DOI: 10.1007/s11259-005-0836-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Chlamydophila abortus is the aetiological agent of enzootic abortion in small ruminants in which it infects the placenta to cause abortion during the last trimester of gestation. In a mouse model, a Th1 immune response involving IFN-gamma production and CD8+ T cells is necessary for the infection to be resolved. The authors previously demonstrated that infection with Nippostrongylus brasiliensis, a rodent gastrointestinal nematode extensively used in experimental models to induce Th2 responses, alters the specific immune response against C. abortus infection, increasing bacterial multiplication in liver and reducing specific IFN-gamma production. The aim of the present work was to clarify whether a Th2 immune response has any influence on the success of vaccination using both inactivated and attenuated vaccines. The results showed that the Th2 response established prior to vaccination did not influence the induction of protection offered by the vaccines. However, the effectiveness of this protective response can be altered, depending on the adjuvant employed in the inactivated vaccines, when the Th2 response is established after vaccination, just before challenge with C. abortus.
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Affiliation(s)
- M R Caro
- Department of Animal Health, Veterinary School of University of Murcia, Spain
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10
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Kerr K, Entrican G, McKeever D, Longbottom D. Immunopathology of Chlamydophila abortus infection in sheep and mice. Res Vet Sci 2005; 78:1-7. [PMID: 15500832 DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2004.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/30/2004] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Chlamydophila abortus targets the placenta, causing tissue damage, inflammation and abortion (enzootic abortion of ewes). It is one of the main infectious causes of abortion in ewes, resulting in major economic losses to agricultural industries worldwide. Although ruminants and pigs are the principal hosts, humans are also susceptible to infection. Control of disease requires a host inflammatory response, which is likely to contribute to pathology and abortion. Mouse models have been widely used to provide insight into the role of specific immune cells in controlling infection and disease. The use of such model systems for investigating the mechanisms of abortion, latency, persistence, and immunity to reinfection will result in the identification of novel vaccine control strategies for sheep.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Kerr
- International Research Centre, Pentlands Science Park, Moredun Research Institute, Bush Loan, Penicuik, Midlothian, Edinburgh EH26 0PZ, UK
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11
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García de la Fuente JN, Gutiérrez-Martín CB, Ortega N, Rodríguez-Ferri EF, del Río ML, González OR, Salinas J. Efficacy of different commercial and new inactivated vaccines against ovine enzootic abortion. Vet Microbiol 2004; 100:65-76. [PMID: 15135514 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2004.01.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2003] [Revised: 01/20/2004] [Accepted: 01/26/2004] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
The protective efficacy of two inactivated commercial (A, B) and two new inactivated vaccines (M7, QS) against ovine enzootic abortion was determined in two separate experiments in sheep. Vaccine A contained chlamydiae propagated in chicken embryos, adjuvated with Marcol 82, and vaccine B contained chlamydiae cultured in cell monolayers, adjuvated with aluminium hydroxide. For the preparation of the experimental vaccines, Chlamydophila abortus AB7 strain was cultured in McCoy cells and adjuvated with QS-21 (QS) or Montanide ISA 773 (M7). The ewes were vaccinated twice subcutaneously and challenged at 90 days of gestation. Protection was evaluated by clinical, bacteriological and serological examinations, and compared to two control groups: one of infected but not vaccinated ewes, and another of vaccinated but not infected ewes. The experimental vaccines induced considerably better protection than the two commercial ones. The new vaccine M7 especially showed no abortions, a good antibody response, the highest newborn lamb weights and the lowest level of C. abortus shedding at lambing.
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Affiliation(s)
- J N García de la Fuente
- Departamento de Sanidad Animal, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de León, Unidad de Microbiología e Inmunología, Campus de Vegazana, s/n, 24007 León, Spain
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Caro MR, Ortega N, Buendía AJ, Gallego MC, Del Río L, Cuello F, Salinas J. Relationship between the immune response and protection conferred by new designed inactivated vaccines against ovine enzootic abortion in a mouse model. Vaccine 2003; 21:3126-36. [PMID: 12804839 DOI: 10.1016/s0264-410x(03)00255-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Chlamydophila abortus is a gram-negative obligate intracellular bacterium and the etiological agent of ovine enzootic abortion (OEA), an economically important disease in many countries. Inactivated vaccines have been reported to induce immunity in ewes and they have been used for many years. However, some outbreaks have been reported in correctly vaccinated flocks, so it is clear that new vaccines are necessary to address adequate protection and to avoid the shedding of the microorganism. This idea lead us to design inactivated vaccines, in a previously established mouse model, evaluating different inactivation procedures and new adjuvants. To assess the protection conferred, the results were analyzed on the basis of clinical signs and the isolation of C. abortus from spleen. These findings were correlated with the immune response induced by the vaccines, as determined by the production of C. abortus-specific IFN-gamma and IL-4 from splenocyte cultures and the detection of IgG isotypes in serum. BEI was found to be the best C. abortus-inactivation procedure. The inactivated vaccines adjuvated with QS-21 (QS) or Montanide 773 (M7) induced the best protection both against homologous and heterologous challenge, with an adequate (Th1-like) immune response. Finally, these selected vaccines were evaluated in a pregnant mouse model, in which they were seen to confer good protection and to avoid the C. abortus persistence in uterus after delivery. With these results, this mouse model could be considered as an adequate tool for selecting and optimizing effective vaccines against OEA.
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Affiliation(s)
- María R Caro
- Departamento de Sanidad Animal, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Murcia, Campus de Espinardo, 30100, Murcia, Spain
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