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Jores J, Ruggli N, Scalisi N, Jang J, Torres-Puig S. A stress-free and easy-to-use system to expose pigs to aerosols. Vaccine X 2024; 17:100457. [PMID: 38390347 PMCID: PMC10881425 DOI: 10.1016/j.jvacx.2024.100457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2023] [Revised: 02/01/2024] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Jörg Jores
- Institute of Veterinary Bacteriology, University of Bern, Länggassstrasse 122, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland
- Multidisciplinary Center for Infectious Diseases, University of Bern, Switzerland
| | - Nicolas Ruggli
- Institute of Virology and Immunology IVI, Sensemattstrasse 293, CH-3147 Mittelhäusern, Switzerland
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Pathobiology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Länggassstrasse 122, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Nadia Scalisi
- Institute of Veterinary Bacteriology, University of Bern, Länggassstrasse 122, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Jaeyoun Jang
- Institute of Virology and Immunology IVI, Sensemattstrasse 293, CH-3147 Mittelhäusern, Switzerland
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Pathobiology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Länggassstrasse 122, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Sergi Torres-Puig
- Institute of Veterinary Bacteriology, University of Bern, Länggassstrasse 122, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland
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Hao F, Bai Y, Xie X, Yuan T, Wei Y, Xiong Q, Gan Y, Zhang L, Zhang Z, Shao G, Feng Z. Phenotypic characteristics and protective efficacy of an attenuated Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae vaccine by aerosol administration. Vaccine 2022; 40:6074-6083. [PMID: 36109278 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2022.08.072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2022] [Revised: 07/28/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
With the improvement of large-scale breeding in pig farms, conventional head-by-head immunization has disadvantages with low efficiency and high cost. Considering that most pathogens leading to pulmonary diseases circulate from the respiratory mucosa, immunization through the respiratory tract route has been a highly attractive vaccine delivery strategy. In this study, to develop an effective Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae (Mhp) aerosol vaccine, a customized ultrasonic atomizer was developed. The aerodynamic diameter, activity, and content of the Mhp aerosol vaccine were measured. In addition, piglets were immunized with the Mhp aerosol vaccine, and the immunity of the animal challenge protection test was evaluated. At the end of nebulization, the mass median aerodynamic diameters (MMAD) and geometric standard deviation (GSD) of the aerosol were 2.98 ± 0.02 μm and 1.51 ± 0.02, respectively. Moreover, 10 min after nebulization, the MMAD and GSD of the aerosol were 2.76 ± 0.02 μm and 1.51 ± 0.01, respectively, which were hardly changed. Compared with theoretical value, the actual titer of aerosol vaccines presented in 50% color changing unit (CCU50) after nebulization decreased 0.6. The shape, size, and uniformity of collected aerosols are relatively stable. The proportion of Mhp in aerosol produced by vaccine stock solution and 10 times diluted vaccine solution was 76.52% and 58.82%, respectively, and the average number of Mhp in a single aerosol was 3.06 and 1.51, respectively. In addition, the aerosol vaccine antigen particles could be transported to the lower respiratory tract, a local mucosal immune response was induced in piglets. The vaccine colonized the respiratory tract and significantly decline the lung lesion index after aerosol vaccination. In conclusion, an effective aerosol vaccine against Mhp infection was developed. And this is the first effective assessment for Mhp live vaccine with aerosolization against infection in piglets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Hao
- Key Laboratory for Veterinary Bio-Product Engineering, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, PR China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety-State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base, Ministry of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210014, PR China
| | - Yun Bai
- Key Laboratory for Veterinary Bio-Product Engineering, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, PR China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety-State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base, Ministry of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210014, PR China
| | - Xing Xie
- Key Laboratory for Veterinary Bio-Product Engineering, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, PR China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety-State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base, Ministry of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210014, PR China
| | - Ting Yuan
- Key Laboratory for Veterinary Bio-Product Engineering, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, PR China
| | - Yanna Wei
- Key Laboratory for Veterinary Bio-Product Engineering, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, PR China
| | - Qiyan Xiong
- Key Laboratory for Veterinary Bio-Product Engineering, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, PR China
| | - Yuan Gan
- Key Laboratory for Veterinary Bio-Product Engineering, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, PR China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Veterinary Bio-Product Engineering, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, PR China
| | - Zhenzhen Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Veterinary Bio-Product Engineering, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, PR China
| | - Guoqing Shao
- Key Laboratory for Veterinary Bio-Product Engineering, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, PR China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety-State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base, Ministry of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210014, PR China
| | - Zhixin Feng
- Key Laboratory for Veterinary Bio-Product Engineering, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, PR China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety-State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base, Ministry of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210014, PR China.
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Contagious Bovine and Caprine Pleuropneumonia: a research community's recommendations for the development of better vaccines. NPJ Vaccines 2020; 5:66. [PMID: 32728480 PMCID: PMC7381681 DOI: 10.1038/s41541-020-00214-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2019] [Accepted: 07/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Contagious bovine pleuropneumonia (CBPP) and contagious caprine pleuropneumonia (CCPP) are major infectious diseases of ruminants caused by mycoplasmas in Africa and Asia. In contrast with the limited pathology in the respiratory tract of humans infected with mycoplasmas, CBPP and CCPP are devastating diseases associated with high morbidity and mortality. Beyond their obvious impact on animal health, CBPP and CCPP negatively impact the livelihood and wellbeing of a substantial proportion of livestock-dependent people affecting their culture, economy, trade and nutrition. The causative agents of CBPP and CCPP are Mycoplasma mycoides subspecies mycoides and Mycoplasma capricolum subspecies capripneumoniae, respectively, which have been eradicated in most of the developed world. The current vaccines used for disease control consist of a live attenuated CBPP vaccine and a bacterin vaccine for CCPP, which were developed in the 1960s and 1980s, respectively. Both of these vaccines have many limitations, so better vaccines are urgently needed to improve disease control. In this article the research community prioritized biomedical research needs related to challenge models, rational vaccine design and protective immune responses. Therefore, we scrutinized the current vaccines as well as the challenge-, pathogenicity- and immunity models. We highlight research gaps and provide recommendations towards developing safer and more efficacious vaccines against CBPP and CCPP.
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Kanci A, Wawegama NK, Marenda MS, Mansell PD, Browning GF, Markham PF. Reproduction of respiratory mycoplasmosis in calves by exposure to an aerosolised culture of Mycoplasma bovis. Vet Microbiol 2017; 210:167-173. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2017.09.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2017] [Revised: 09/18/2017] [Accepted: 09/19/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Garcia-Morante B, Segalés J, Serrano E, Sibila M. Determinants for swine mycoplasmal pneumonia reproduction under experimental conditions: A systematic review and recursive partitioning analysis. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0181194. [PMID: 28742802 PMCID: PMC5526585 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0181194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2017] [Accepted: 06/27/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
One of the main Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae (M. hyopneumoniae) swine experimental model objectives is to reproduce mycoplasmal pneumonia (MP). Unfortunately, experimental validated protocols to maximize the chance to successfully achieve lung lesions induced by M. hyopneumoniae are not available at the moment. Thus, the objective of this work was to identify those factors that might have a major influence on the effective development of MP, measured as macroscopic lung lesions, under experimental conditions. Data from 85 studies describing M. hyopneumoniae inoculation experiments were compiled by means of a systematic review and analyzed thereafter. Several variables were considered in the analyses such as the number of pigs in the experiment, serological status against M. hyopneumoniae, source of the animals, age at inoculation, type of inoculum, strain of M. hyopneumoniae, route, dose and times of inoculation, study duration and co-infection with other swine pathogens. Descriptive statistics were used to depict M. hyopneumoniae experimental model main characteristics whereas a recursive partitioning approach, using regression trees, assessed the importance of the abovementioned experimental variables as MP triggering factors. A strong link between the time period between challenge and necropsies and lung lesion severity was observed. Results indicated that the most important factors to explain the observed lung lesion score variability were: (1) study duration, (2) M. hyopneumoniae strain, (3) age at inoculation, (4) co-infection with other swine pathogens and (5) animal source. All other studied variables were not relevant to explain the variability on M. hyopneumoniae lung lesions. The results provided in the present work may serve as a basis for debate in the search for a universally accepted M. hyopneumoniae challenge model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatriz Garcia-Morante
- IRTA, Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA, IRTA-UAB), Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Joaquim Segalés
- UAB, Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA, IRTA-UAB), Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain
- Departament de Sanitat i Anatomia Animals, Facultat de Veterinària, Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Emmanuel Serrano
- Servei d’Ecopatologia de Fauna Salvatge, Departament de Medicina i Cirurgia Animals, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain
- Departamento de Biologia and Centro de Estudos do Ambiente e do Mar, Universidade de Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Marina Sibila
- IRTA, Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA, IRTA-UAB), Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain
- * E-mail:
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Garcia-Morante B, Segalés J, López-Soria S, de Rozas AP, Maiti H, Coll T, Sibila M. Induction of mycoplasmal pneumonia in experimentally infected pigs by means of different inoculation routes. Vet Res 2016; 47:54. [PMID: 27160189 PMCID: PMC4862235 DOI: 10.1186/s13567-016-0340-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2016] [Accepted: 04/21/2016] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to assess the effect of three different inoculation routes into mycoplasmal pneumonia (MP) in pigs challenged with Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae (M. hyopneumoniae). Thirty six-week-old M. hyopneumoniae seronegative piglets were randomly assigned to four groups: three challenged groups with experimentally inoculated pigs by either the endotracheal (ET; n = 8), intranasal (IN; n = 8) or aerosol (AE; n = 8) routes and one uninfected group (Control; n = 6). Blood samples were collected 1 day before challenge and at necropsy, 28 days post-inoculation (dpi), to assess seroconversion. Laryngeal swabs were collected at −1, 7, 14, 21 and 28 dpi in order to evaluate colonization. At necropsy, lung lesions were scored and lung tissue was collected for histopathological studies and M. hyopneumoniae DNA detection. Broncho-alveolar lavage fluid (BALF) was also obtained to detect M. hyopneumoniae DNA, specific IgA antibodies and cytokines. MP was observed in all inoculated groups, but the ET group displayed a significantly higher number of animals affected by MP as well as a higher mean lung lesion score. These results were paralleled with an earlier seroconversion and upper respiratory tract colonization of M. hyopneumoniae. Additionally, in the ET group, higher levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines and specific IgA antibodies in BALF were found. Under the conditions of the present study, MP was reproduced by the three evaluated inoculation routes. Obtained results suggest that the ET route is the most effective in order to induce MP in pigs experimentally challenged with M. hyopneumoniae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatriz Garcia-Morante
- IRTA, Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA, IRTA-UAB), Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193, Bellaterra, Spain.,Boehringer Ingelheim España S.A, Carrer Prat de la Riba, 50, 08174, Sant Cugat del Vallès, Spain
| | - Joaquim Segalés
- UAB, Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA, IRTA-UAB), Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193, Bellaterra, Spain.,Departament de Sanitat i Anatomia Animals, Facultat de Veterinària, UAB, 08193, Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Sergio López-Soria
- IRTA, Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA, IRTA-UAB), Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193, Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Ana Pérez de Rozas
- IRTA, Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA, IRTA-UAB), Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193, Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Henrike Maiti
- Boehringer Ingelheim Veterinary Research Center GmbH & Co, BemeroderStraße 31, 30559, Hannover, Germany
| | - Teresa Coll
- Boehringer Ingelheim Veterinary Research Center GmbH & Co, BemeroderStraße 31, 30559, Hannover, Germany
| | - Marina Sibila
- IRTA, Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA, IRTA-UAB), Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193, Bellaterra, Spain.
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Development and validation of an attenuated Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae aerosol vaccine. Vet Microbiol 2013; 167:417-24. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2013.08.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2013] [Revised: 08/15/2013] [Accepted: 08/19/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Wawegama NK, Kanci A, Marenda MS, Mansell PD, Browning GF, Markham PF. Histochemical and morphometric characterization of broncho-pneumonia in calves caused by infection with Mycoplasma bovis. Vet Microbiol 2012; 158:220-4. [PMID: 22429897 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2012.02.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2011] [Revised: 02/06/2012] [Accepted: 02/09/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to identify morphometric histological features of pneumonia caused by Mycoplasma bovis in calves. Eight three-month-old calves were infected with M. bovis and samples of their lung tissue, three weeks after exposure, compared to samples from four uninfected calves. In the uninfected animals the goblet cells were clustered in the crypt area of the epithelial folds, while in the infected calves they had migrated towards the tips of the folds and were distributed evenly throughout the folds. In infected lung tissue there was goblet cell hyperplasia and metaplasia in the bronchioles and an increased epithelial height. Goblet cell mucin in uninfected calves was acidic, but in infected calves most goblet cells contained neutral mucins. These morphometric and histochemical bronco-epithelial changes may be able to be used as markers of the severity of bovine respiratory mycoplasmosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadeeka K Wawegama
- Asia-Pacific Centre for Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Science, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
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Schmidt JA, Browning GF, Markham PF. Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae mhp379 is a Ca2+-dependent, sugar-nonspecific exonuclease exposed on the cell surface. J Bacteriol 2007; 189:3414-24. [PMID: 17307846 PMCID: PMC1855908 DOI: 10.1128/jb.01835-06] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2006] [Accepted: 02/09/2007] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae mhp379 is a putative lipoprotein that shares significant amino acid sequence similarity with a family of bacterial thermostable nucleases. To examine the nuclease activity of mhp379, the gene was cloned and expressed in Escherichia coli following the deletion of the amino-terminal signal sequence and prokaryotic lipoprotein cleavage site and mutagenesis of the mycoplasma TGA tryptophan codons to TGG. The recombinant fusion protein yielded a 33-kDa thrombin cleavage product, corresponding in size to the mature mhp379 protein. Exonuclease activity was indicated by agarose gel electrophoresis analysis of the reaction products that were released when different nucleic acid substrates were used. Endonuclease activity was also indicated by the digestion of closed circular plasmid DNA. The recombinant mhp379 fusion protein completely digested single-stranded DNA, double-stranded DNA (dsDNA), and RNA. The optimal reaction conditions were determined with a novel nuclease assay based on the enhancement of fluorescence of SYBR green I bound to dsDNA. Optimal activity was observed in the presence of calcium ions at a concentration of 15 mM and a pH of 9.5. No nuclease activity was observed in the absence of calcium ions. Mycoplasmas do not have the ability to synthesize nucleic acid precursors, and thus, nucleases are likely to be important in the acquisition of precursors for the synthesis of nucleic acids. Homologs of an ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transport system were identified immediately downstream of the gene encoding mhp379, and two homologs of M. pneumoniae lipoprotein multigene family 2 were also identified immediately upstream. Homologs of mhp379 were identified in the sequenced genomes of a number of mycoplasma species, and in most cases the homologous ABC transport system was identified immediately downstream of the homologous gene; in several cases a homolog of M. pneumoniae lipoprotein multigene family 2 was also identified immediately upstream. These observations suggest that mhp379 comprises part of a conserved ABC transport operon in mycoplasmas and that the exonuclease activity of mhp379 may be associated with the conserved function of the ABC transport system in the import of nucleic acid precursors. This is the first study to identify the gene and characterize the activity of a mycoplasma exonuclease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan A Schmidt
- Veterinary Preclinical Centre, Department of Veterinary Science, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
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