1
|
Martins LML. Survey of Sensitization to Common Fungi in an Allergic Dog Population: The Need for Further Focus on Sensitization and Allergy to Fungi in Veterinary Medicine. J Fungi (Basel) 2023; 9:1075. [PMID: 37998880 PMCID: PMC10672432 DOI: 10.3390/jof9111075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2023] [Revised: 10/27/2023] [Accepted: 11/01/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Most fungal species are commensals and non-pathogenic to plants, humans, or animals. However, several species of the Alternaria, Aspergillus, Trichophyton, and Microsporum genera are common causes of disease, even for immunocompetent individuals. Besides mucosal damage, fungi may contribute to a skin barrier impairment, favoring sensitization and allergy development. A total of 68 allergic dogs were selected from a veterinary dermatology and allergy outpatient consultation for conditions related to both Malassezia overgrowth and other fungal complications. The allergy diagnosis was made through anamnesis and current clinical criteria, with the involved allergenic species being identified by intradermal tests (IDTs) and allergen-specific immunoglobulin E (sIgE) determination in serum. Dermatophagoides farinae, Dactylis glomerata, and Malassezia pachydermatis showed as the higher sensitization species from house dust mites, grass pollen, and fungi, respectively. Significant correlations at p < 0.05 were found between sensitization to Dactylis glomerata and Phleum pratense grass pollens, Dermatophagoides farinae and Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus, Acarus siro, Tyrophagus putrescentiae, and Lepidoglyphus destructor dust/storage mites, and between fungi like Aspergillus mix and Penicillium or Alternaria alternata. A significant correlation was also found between sensitization to the Aspergillus mix and D. farinae, D. pteronyssinus, or A. siro. Rather severe dermatitis was observed when a positive IDT to Malassezia pachydermatis was found, regardless of the detection of circulating sIgE, allowing us to consider the usefulness of both the IDT and the sIgE for a systematic diagnosis of allergy to fungi.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Luís Miguel Lourenço Martins
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, School of Science and Technology, MED-Mediterranean Institute for Agriculture, Environment and Development & CHANGE-Global Change and Sustainability Institute, Institute for Advanced Studies and Research, University of Évora, Pólo da Mitra, Apartado 94, 7006-554 Évora, Portugal
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Analysis of Microsatellite Length Polymorphism for Clinical Isolates of Candida albicans from Animals. Jundishapur J Microbiol 2023. [DOI: 10.5812/jjm-132587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Candida albicans has been shown as the most common species of Candida collected from different animals. Objectives: This study aimed to evaluate the genetic diversity and genetic relationships among C. albicans isolates collected from clinical specimens of animals suffering from candidiasis using microsatellite length polymorphism (MLP). Methods: We used MLP for a group of 60 C. albicans strains isolated from various animal species (dog: 16, cat: 10, horse: 10, cow: 14, chicken: 10), previously defined as animal clinical isolates. Three loci, including EF3, CDC3, and HIS3, were amplified, and the products ran onto an ABI XL 370 genetic analyzer, and fragment sizes were determined. Results: Of the 60 clinical strains illustrated, 49 different genotypes were identified with a discriminatory power index of 0.991. A total of 17 alleles and 26 different combinations were identified for EF3 locus, six alleles and 13 combinations for CDC3 locus, and 17 alleles and 27 combinations for HIS3 locus. The most common genotypes were GP9 (four strains) and GP1 and GP33 (three strains). Wright’s fixation index (FST) values were calculated to assess inter-group genetic diversity for all pairwise combinations of the five sub-populations of C. albicans isolated from the different animal hosts. The highest FST values related to C. albicans isolated from chicken to three sub-populations of cats (FST: 0.1397), cows (FST: 0.0639), and horses (FST: 0.0585). Conclusions: The results indicated a moderate genetic differentiation (0.05 < FST < 0.15) between C. albicans strains isolated from cats, cows, and horses as a mammal vs. chickens.
Collapse
|
3
|
Muñoz Declara S, Agnetti F, Roccabianca P, Squassino C, Porporato F, Zanna G. Mucocutaneous and cutaneous generalized candidiasis in a thymectomized dog. Med Mycol Case Rep 2022; 35:39-42. [PMID: 35106278 PMCID: PMC8789510 DOI: 10.1016/j.mmcr.2022.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2021] [Revised: 12/20/2021] [Accepted: 01/13/2022] [Indexed: 10/29/2022] Open
|
4
|
Martins LML. Allergy to Fungi in Veterinary Medicine: Alternaria, Dermatophytes and Malassezia Pay the Bill! J Fungi (Basel) 2022; 8:235. [PMID: 35330237 PMCID: PMC8951134 DOI: 10.3390/jof8030235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Revised: 02/23/2022] [Accepted: 02/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The fungal kingdom comprises ubiquitous forms of life with 1.5 billion years, mostly phytopathogenic and commensals for humans and animals. However, in the presence of immune disorders, fungi may cause disease by intoxicating, infecting or sensitizing with allergy. Species from the genera Alternaria, Aspergillus and Malassezia, as well as dermatophytes from the genera Microsporum, Trichophyton and Epidermophyton, are the most commonly implicated in veterinary medicine. Alternaria and Malassezia stand as the most commonly associated with either allergy or infection in animals, immediately followed by Aspergillus, while dermatophytes are usually associated with the ringworm skin infection. By aiming at the relevance of fungi in veterinary allergy it was concluded that further research is still needed, especially in the veterinary field.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Luís Miguel Lourenço Martins
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, School of Science and Technology, MED-Instituto Mediterrâneo para a Agricultura, Ambiente e Desenvolvimento, University of Évora, 7000-809 Évora, Portugal
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Abdallah BM, Ali EM. Green Synthesis of Silver Nanoparticles Using the Lotus lalambensis Aqueous Leaf Extract and Their Anti-Candidal Activity against Oral Candidiasis. ACS OMEGA 2021; 6:8151-8162. [PMID: 33817474 PMCID: PMC8014928 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.0c06009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2020] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Oral candidiasis is widely spread in both humans and animals, which is caused mainly by Candida albicans. In this study, we aimed to biosynthesize silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) for the first time using the Lotus lalambensis Schweinf leaf extract (L-AgNPs) and investigated their anti-candidal potency alone or in combination with the leaf extract of L. lalambensis (L-AgNPs/LL) against C. albicans. The biosynthesized L-AgNPs were characterized by imaging (transmission electron microscopy, TEM), UV-vis spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The results of the disk diffusion method showed the potent synergistic anti-candidal activity of L-AgNPs/LL (24 mm inhibition zone). L-AgNPs/LL completely inhibited the morphogenesis of C. albicans and suppressed the adhesion and the formation of the biofilm of C. albicans by 82.5 and 78.7%, respectively. Further, L-AgNPs/LL inhibited the production of antioxidant enzymes of C. albicans by 80%. SEM and TEM revealed deteriorations in the cell wall ultrastructure in L-AgNPs/LL-treated C. albicans. Interestingly, L-AgNPs/LL showed less than 5% cytotoxicity when examined with either the primary bone marrow derived mesenchymal stem cell (BMSCs) or MCF-7 cell line at MIC values of L-AgNPs/LL. In conclusion, we identified L-AgNPs/LL as a potential biosynthesized-based drug for oral candidiasis in humans and animals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Basem M. Abdallah
- Department
of Biological Sciences, College of Science, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia
- Endocrine
Research (KMEB), Department of Endocrinology, University of Southern Denmark, Odense DK-5000, Denmark
| | - Enas M. Ali
- Department
of Biological Sciences, College of Science, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia
- Department
of Botany and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Cairo 12613, Egypt
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Omar S, Jalaludin FA, Yee JM, Kamarudin Z, Jayaseelan K, Khlubi ANM, Madaki YL, Hassan H, Ramli MN, Topani R, Che-Amat A. Mycological isolation from animal enclosures and environments in National Wildlife Rescue Centre and National Zoo, Malaysia. J Vet Med Sci 2020; 82:1236-1242. [PMID: 32641623 PMCID: PMC7468073 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.20-0229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
It is important to provide a baseline of fungal composition in the captive wildlife
environment to better understand their role in overall wildlife health. The objectives
were to identify species of fungi existing within wildlife animal enclosures and their
environment at the National Wildlife Rescue Centre (NWRC) and the National Zoo, Malaysia
and to describe their medical and veterinary importance. Samples of air, wall or floor
swab, enrichment swab and soil were taken from the animal enclosures, exercise yard and
enrichments at NWRC and National Zoo respectively. All samples including those pre-treated
samples were plated onto Sabouraud’s Dextrose Agar (SDA). Numerous fungi were grown on all
sampling SDA plates regardless by either single or multiple growth. Samples of air in both
NWRC and National Zoo had the highest growth of Penicillium spp. with a
prevalence of 31.2% and 83.7% respectively. Samples of swab from the wall, floor and
enrichments were predominantly by Candida spp. (42.6%) in NWRC and
Penicillium spp. (41.6%) in the National Zoo. Prevalence of multiple
fungi isolated from the soil samples in NWRC were 57.9% and yeast species was the most
common in National Zoo with a prevalence of 88.9%. Overall, 29 and 8 isolates were found
in both samples from the NWRC and National Zoo with a predominant species of potential
zoonotic fungi have been identified in both premises. The expected fungus
Aspergillus spp. was not isolated in all samples in NWRC. Prevalent
fungal species found in this study are known to cause disease in animals and humans as
primary pathogen and also as opportunistic pathogens that may also cause infection. Thus,
health safety precautions should be considered particularly in dealing with conservation
of endangered wildlife species, along with personnel and public involvements.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sharina Omar
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Fathiah Aqilah Jalaludin
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Jacqueline Meikwei Yee
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Zubaidah Kamarudin
- National Wildlife Rescue Centre (NWRC), Department of Wildlife and National Parks Peninsular Malaysia (PERHILITAN), 35600 Sungkai, Perak, Malaysia
| | - Kavitha Jayaseelan
- Zoo Negara (National Zoo), Hulu Kelang, 68000 Ampang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Aina Nazurah Mohd Khlubi
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Yusuf Lekko Madaki
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Hasdi Hassan
- National Wildlife Rescue Centre (NWRC), Department of Wildlife and National Parks Peninsular Malaysia (PERHILITAN), 35600 Sungkai, Perak, Malaysia
| | - Mat Naim Ramli
- Zoo Negara (National Zoo), Hulu Kelang, 68000 Ampang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Rahmat Topani
- Ex-Situ Conservation Division, Department of Wildlife and National Parks Peninsular Malaysia (PERHILITAN), KM 10 Jalan Cheras, 56100 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Azlan Che-Amat
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Dalvand A, Katiraee F, Jafari Joozani R, Shokri H. Genotyping of Candida albicans isolated from animals using 25S ribosomal DNA and ALT repeats polymorphism in repetitive sequence. Curr Med Mycol 2019; 4:12-19. [PMID: 30815612 PMCID: PMC6386504 DOI: 10.18502/cmm.4.4.381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Purpose: Candida albicans is the most prevalent Candida species isolated from animals. Candidiasis can be systemic in animals or may affect a single organ, such as the mouth, urinary tract, and skin. The aim of the present study was to determine the genetic diversity of C. albicans isolated from different animals and investigate the presence of a relationship between host specificity and genetic typing of C. albicans. Materials and Methods: For the purpose of the study, DNA extraction was performed on 27 clinical isolates of C. albicans obtained from animals. Subsequently, they were subjected to 25S ribosomal DNA amplification and ALT repeats in repetitive sequences (RPSs). The minimum inhibitory concentrations of fluconazole, ketoconazole, clotrimazole, nystatin, amphotericin B, and caspofungin were determined using the microdilution method based on the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute M27-S4 standard. Results: Out of 27 C. albicans strains, 11, 6, 5, and 5 cases were recognized as genotypes A (40.8%), E (22.2%), B (18.5%), and C (18.5%), respectively, through amplification using AS-I, which revealed 17 different types of C. albicans. By combining the two typing methods, 27 C. albicans strains were finally divided into 22 genotypes. Conclusion: Different genotypes showed genetic diversity among the C. albicans strains isolated from animal sources. The results revealed no special genotype relationship according to the host, anatomical source of isolation, and antifungal susceptibility.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Armina Dalvand
- Department of Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Farzad Katiraee
- Department of Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Raziallah Jafari Joozani
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Hojjatolah Shokri
- Department of Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Amol University of Special Modern Technologies, Amol, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Seyedmousavi S, Bosco SDMG, de Hoog S, Ebel F, Elad D, Gomes RR, Jacobsen ID, Jensen HE, Martel A, Mignon B, Pasmans F, Piecková E, Rodrigues AM, Singh K, Vicente VA, Wibbelt G, Wiederhold NP, Guillot J. Fungal infections in animals: a patchwork of different situations. Med Mycol 2018. [PMID: 29538732 DOI: 10.1093/mmy/myx104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The importance of fungal infections in both human and animals has increased over the last decades. This article represents an overview of the different categories of fungal infections that can be encountered in animals originating from environmental sources without transmission to humans. In addition, the endemic infections with indirect transmission from the environment, the zoophilic fungal pathogens with near-direct transmission, the zoonotic fungi that can be directly transmitted from animals to humans, mycotoxicoses and antifungal resistance in animals will also be discussed. Opportunistic mycoses are responsible for a wide range of diseases from localized infections to fatal disseminated diseases, such as aspergillosis, mucormycosis, candidiasis, cryptococcosis and infections caused by melanized fungi. The amphibian fungal disease chytridiomycosis and the Bat White-nose syndrome are due to obligatory fungal pathogens. Zoonotic agents are naturally transmitted from vertebrate animals to humans and vice versa. The list of zoonotic fungal agents is limited but some species, like Microsporum canis and Sporothrix brasiliensis from cats, have a strong public health impact. Mycotoxins are defined as the chemicals of fungal origin being toxic for warm-blooded vertebrates. Intoxications by aflatoxins and ochratoxins represent a threat for both human and animal health. Resistance to antifungals can occur in different animal species that receive these drugs, although the true epidemiology of resistance in animals is unknown, and options to treat infections caused by resistant infections are limited.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Seyedmojtaba Seyedmousavi
- Molecular Microbiology Section, Laboratory of Clinical Microbiology and Immunology (LCMI), National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Sandra de M G Bosco
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Biosciences-UNESP Univ Estadual Paulista Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Sybren de Hoog
- Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute, Utrecht, and Center of Expertise in Mycology of Radboudumc/CWZ, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Frank Ebel
- Institut für Infektionsmedizin und Zoonosen, Munich, Germany
| | - Daniel Elad
- Department of Clinical Bacteriology and Mycology, Kimron Veterinary Institute, Veterinary Services, Ministry of Agriculture, Beit Dagan, Israel
| | - Renata R Gomes
- Microbiology, Parasitology and Pathology Graduate Programme, Curitiba Department of Basic Pathology, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil
| | - Ilse D Jacobsen
- Research Group Microbial Immunology, Hans Knöll Institute, Jena, Germany
| | | | - An Martel
- Department of Pathology, Bacteriology and Avian Diseases. Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Bernard Mignon
- Department of Infectious and Parasitic Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, FARAH (Fundamental and Applied Research for Animals & Health), University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Frank Pasmans
- Department of Pathology, Bacteriology and Avian Diseases. Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Elena Piecková
- Faculty of Medicine, Slovak Medical University, Faculty of Chemical and Food Technology, Slovak University of Technology, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Anderson Messias Rodrigues
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Karuna Singh
- Department of Zoology, Mahila Mahavidyalaya, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
| | - Vania A Vicente
- Research Group Microbial Immunology, Hans Knöll Institute, Jena, Germany
| | - Gudrun Wibbelt
- Leibniz Institute for Zoo and Wildlife Research, Berlin, Germany
| | - Nathan P Wiederhold
- Fungus Testing Laboratory, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas, USA
| | - Jacques Guillot
- Department of Parasitology, Mycology and Dermatology, EA Dynamyc UPEC, EnvA, Ecole nationale vétérinaire d'Alfort, Maisons-Alfort, France
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Brilhante RSN, Silva ALD, Monteiro FOB, Guedes GMDM, Sales JA, Oliveira JSD, Maia Junior JE, Miranda SA, Sidrim JJC, Alencar LPD, Castelo-Branco DSCM, Cordeiro RDA, Pereira Neto WDA, Rocha MFG. Yeasts from Scarlet ibises (Eudocimus ruber): A focus on monitoring the antifungal susceptibility of Candida famata and closely related species. Med Mycol 2018; 55:725-732. [PMID: 28204651 DOI: 10.1093/mmy/myw144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2016] [Accepted: 01/17/2017] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to identify yeasts from the gastrointestinal tract of scarlet ibises (Eudocimus ruber) and from plant material collected from the environment where they live. Then, the isolates phenotypically identified as Candida famata were submitted to molecular identification of their closely related species and evaluated for their antifungal susceptibility and possible resistance mechanisms to antifungal drugs. Cloacal swabs from 20 scarlet ibises kept in captivity at Mangal das Garças Park (Brazil), pooled stool samples (n = 20) and samples of trunks and hollow of trees (n = 20) obtained from their enclosures were collected. The samples were seeded on Sabouraud agar supplemented with chloramphenicol. The 48 recovered isolates were phenotypically identified as 15 Candida famata, 13 Candida catenulata, 2 Candida intermedia, 1 Candida lusitaniae, 2 Candida guilliermondii, 1 Candida kefyr, 1 Candida amapae, 1 Candida krusei, 8 Trichosporon spp., and 4 Rhodotorula spp. The C. famata isolates were further identified as 3 C. famata, 8 Debaryomyces nepalensis, and 4 C. palmioleophila. All C. famata and C. palmioleophila were susceptible to caspofungin and itraconazole, while one D. nepalensis was resistant to fluconazole and voriconazole. This same isolate and another D. nepalensis had lower amphotericin B susceptibility. The azole resistant strain had an increased efflux of rhodamine 6G and an alteration in the membrane sterol content, demonstrating multifactorial resistance mechanism. Finally, this research shows that scarlet ibises and their environment harbor C. famata and closely related species, including antifungal resistant isolates, emphasizing the need of monitoring the antifungal susceptibility of these yeast species.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Raimunda Sâmia Nogueira Brilhante
- Posgraduate Program in Medical Microbiology; Department of Pathology and Legal Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Aline Lobão da Silva
- Posgraduate Program in Veterinary Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, State University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | | | - Glaucia Morgana de Melo Guedes
- Posgraduate Program in Medical Microbiology; Department of Pathology and Legal Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Jamille Alencar Sales
- Posgraduate Program in Veterinary Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, State University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Jonathas Sales de Oliveira
- Posgraduate Program in Medical Microbiology; Department of Pathology and Legal Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - José Erisvaldo Maia Junior
- Posgraduate Program in Veterinary Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, State University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | | | - José Júlio Costa Sidrim
- Posgraduate Program in Medical Microbiology; Department of Pathology and Legal Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Lucas Pereira de Alencar
- Posgraduate Program in Veterinary Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, State University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | | | - Rossana de Aguiar Cordeiro
- Posgraduate Program in Medical Microbiology; Department of Pathology and Legal Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Waldemiro de Aquino Pereira Neto
- Posgraduate Program in Medical Microbiology; Department of Pathology and Legal Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Marcos Fábio Gadelha Rocha
- Posgraduate Program in Medical Microbiology; Department of Pathology and Legal Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil.,Posgraduate Program in Veterinary Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, State University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Ramot Y, Obaya A, McNamara A, Nyska A. Cutaneous Candidiasis in a Gottingen Minipig: A Potential Pitfall in Preclinical Studies. Toxicol Pathol 2017; 45:1032-1034. [PMID: 28929952 DOI: 10.1177/0192623317732295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The Göttingen minipig is often used in preclinical toxicity studies. Therefore, knowledge of spontaneously occurring pathologies is important to differentiate them from test drug-related effects. We report on a Göttingen minipig, which developed exudating widespread dermatitis during a preclinical toxicity study with a subcutaneously injected drug. The lesions were resistant to topical and oral antibacterial medications. Skin cultures were positive for Candida albicans, and treatment was changed to topical antifungal cream with quick resolution of the skin lesions. Cutaneous candidiasis in pigs has been rarely reported in the literature, and this is the first report on such condition in preclinical toxicity studies. Knowledge of this condition, which is not drug related, is important, especially in toxicity studies involving subcutaneous injections that are commonly accompanied by inflammatory skin reactions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuval Ramot
- 1 Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Ana Obaya
- 2 Veterinary Services, Envigo, Huntingdon, United Kingdom
| | - Alice McNamara
- 2 Veterinary Services, Envigo, Huntingdon, United Kingdom
| | - Abraham Nyska
- 3 Toxicologic Pathology, Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Timrat, Israel
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Bufalari A, Maggio C, Moretti G, Crovace A, Stefanetti V, Straubinger RK, Passamonti F. Management of Candida guilliermondii joint infection in a dog. Acta Vet Scand 2016; 58:47. [PMID: 27391227 PMCID: PMC4938898 DOI: 10.1186/s13028-016-0227-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2016] [Accepted: 06/30/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Candida spp. are dimorphic fungi in the family Cryptococcaceae. Infections with Candida spp. are usually rare conditions in dogs, but immunocompromised patients have a higher risk for developing invasive candidal infections. Case presentation A 5-year-old male Boxer, positive to Leishmania infantum, was referred to the Veterinary Teaching Hospital of the Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Perugia, Italy for examination of a non-weight bearing left hind limb lameness of a duration of at least 3 months. During this period, treatment involved systemic anti-inflammatory medications and intra-articular corticosteroid administration. On presentation, clinical examination and radiographic findings were suggestive of cranial cruciate ligament deficiency. To support this diagnosis a stifle arthroscopy was performed: it confirmed a partial rupture of cranial cruciate ligament. Samples culture of synovial fluid and membrane was routinely collected as well, and revealed Candida guilliermondii joint infection. Treatment for the C. guilliermondii joint infection involved systemic anti-fungal therapy, joint lavage and intra-articular administration of antifungal drugs. Lameness improved markedly during this treatment, but lameness did not resolve completely, probably due to cranial cruciate ligament deficiency. Tibial tuberosity advancement (TTA) was chosen in order to treat stifle instability and was performed 4 weeks following cessation of treatment of the C. guilliermondii joint infection. Six month after TTA the dog showed a completely recovery with no lameness. Conclusions To the authors’ knowledge, this is the first case of Candida spp. joint infection reported in dogs. The cause of the progression of the joint C. guilliermondii infection remains unclear but it may be associated with leishmaniasis or intra-articular corticosteroid injections. Treatment with systemic and intra-articular anti-fungal therapies was successful. In the evaluation of hind limb lameness in a chronically immunocompromised dog, it would be advisable to consider also an intra-articular Candida spp. infection.
Collapse
|
12
|
Cleff MB, Meinerz AR, Xavier M, Schuch LF, Schuch LF, Araújo Meireles MC, Alves Rodrigues MR, de Mello JRB. In vitro activity of origanum vulgare essential oil against candida species. Braz J Microbiol 2010; 41:116-23. [PMID: 24031471 PMCID: PMC3768597 DOI: 10.1590/s1517-838220100001000018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2008] [Revised: 08/06/2008] [Accepted: 08/21/2009] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the in vitro activity of the essential oil extracted from Origanum vulgare against sixteen Candida species isolates. Standard strains tested comprised C. albicans (ATCC strains 44858, 4053, 18804 and 3691), C. parapsilosis (ATCC 22019), C. krusei (ATCC 34135), C. lusitaniae (ATCC 34449) and C. dubliniensis (ATCC MY646). Six Candida albicans isolates from the vaginal mucous membrane of female dogs, one isolate from the cutaneous tegument of a dog and one isolate of a capuchin monkey were tested in parallel. A broth microdilution technique (CLSI) was used, and the inoculum concentration was adjusted to 5 x 106 CFU mL-1. The essential oil was obtained by hydrodistillation in a Clevenger apparatus and analyzed by gas chromatography. Susceptibility was expressed as Minimal Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) and Minimal Fungicidal Concentration (MFC). All isolates tested in vitro were sensitive to O. vulgare essential oil. The chromatographic analysis revealed that the main compounds present in the essential oil were 4-terpineol (47.95%), carvacrol (9.42%), thymol (8.42%) and □-terpineol (7.57%). C. albicans isolates obtained from animal mucous membranes exhibited MIC and MFC values of 2.72 μL mL-1 and 5 μL mL-1, respectively. MIC and MFC values for C. albicans standard strains were 2.97 μL mL-1 and 3.54 μL mL-1, respectively. The MIC and MFC for non-albicans species were 2.10 μL mL-1 and 2.97 μL mL-1, respectively. The antifungal activity of O. vulgare essential oil against Candida spp. observed in vitro suggests its administration may represent an alternative treatment for candidiasis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marlete Brum Cleff
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências Veterinária, Faculdade Veterinária, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul , Porto Alegre, RS , Brasil
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
13
|
Prado MR, Brilhante RSN, Cordeiro RA, Monteiro AJ, Sidrim JJC, Rocha MFG. Frequency of yeasts and dermatophytes from healthy and diseased dogs. J Vet Diagn Invest 2008; 20:197-202. [PMID: 18319432 DOI: 10.1177/104063870802000208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the presence of dermatophytes and yeasts in healthy and diseased dogs. A total of 633 samples were collected from 26 healthy animals (104 samples), 131 with dermatitis (343 samples), 74 with otitis (148 samples), and 19 with ocular diseases (38 samples). Cultures from healthy animals were positive for Malassezia pachydermatis in 13.5% (7/52) of samples from skin, 42.3% (11/26) from ear, and 3.8% (1/26) from eye. Fungal growth was observed in 20.4% (70/343) samples from animals with dermatitis. Microsporum canis was the most isolated fungus (n = 39), followed by M. pachydermatis (n = 30) and Malassezia sp. (n = 3). Of the 148 samples from dogs with otitis, 90 (60.8%) were positive for M. pachydermatis, and of the clinical specimens from the conjunctiva of animals with ophthalmic disease, 2.6% (1/38) presented positive cultures for M. pachydermatis. Only 14.3% (2/14) of the positive cultures for M. pachydermatis and 40.9% (9/22) of those for M. canis were positive in the direct exam. Direct exams were positive in 84.3% (70/83) of the culture positive samples from affected ears of dogs with otitis. Malassezia pachydermatis may act as an aggravating factor in the occurrence of cutaneous diseases, or the isolation of M. canis may be associated with the onset of dermatophytosis. Fungal culture, rather than microscopic examination, should be used as the definitive diagnostic test for dermatomycoses and otitis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marilena R Prado
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, State University of Ceará, Fortaleza/CE, Brazil, CEP 60.150-170.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
14
|
Brito EHS, Fontenelle ROS, Brilhante RSN, Cordeiro RA, Soares Júnior FA, Monteiro AJ, Sidrim JJC, Rocha MFG. Phenotypic characterization and in vitro antifungal sensitivity of Candida spp. and Malassezia pachydermatis strains from dogs. Vet J 2007; 174:147-53. [PMID: 17188535 DOI: 10.1016/j.tvjl.2006.05.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2005] [Revised: 03/24/2006] [Accepted: 05/25/2006] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Yeasts of the genera Candida and Malassezia can be found as commensal microorganisms in animals. The main species of importance in veterinary medicine are Malassezia pachydermatis and Candida albicans. The objectives of this study were to conduct a phenotypic characterization and to evaluate the in vitro antifungal sensitivity of strains of C. albicans (n=5), C. tropicalis (n=3) and M. pachydermatis (n=32) isolated from dogs. The phenotyping was based on macro and micromorphological features as well as biochemical analysis. The techniques of microdilution in broth and dilution in agar were used to evaluate the in vitro sensitivity of Candida spp. and M. pachydermatis, respectively. The tested drugs were ketoconazole (KTC), itraconazole (ITC), fluconazole (FLC) and amphotericin B (AMB). The morphological analysis of the strains of Candida spp. and M. pachydermatis did not show any noteworthy alterations when compared to standard strains. On the other hand, in the biochemical tests, 34.4% of the strains of M. pachydermatis were negative for the urease test. Four strains of C. albicans were resistant to FLC with a minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) >64microg/mL and all were resistant to KTC and ITC (MIC>16microg/mL). The MIC for two strains of C. tropicalis were >16microg/mL for KTC and ITC, and >64microg/mL for FLC. It is worth highlighting that all of the strains tested were sensitive to AMB with the MIC varying from 0.25-1.0microg/mL. All strains of M. pachydermatis were sensitive to ITC with a minimum fungistatic concentration (MFC) 0.0075microg/mL. The MIC for 29 strains was the same (MFC0.0075microg/mL) for KTC. The MFCs for FLC varied from 1 to 16microg/mL, and for AMB, the MFC interval was 0.125-8microg/mL. There were no alterations in the classic phenotypic features of the strains of Candida spp. and M. pachydermatis isolated from dogs but, unlike M. pachydermatis, Candida spp. were much more resistant to azole antifungal agents.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Erika H S Brito
- Veterinary Faculty, Post-Graduation Program in Veterinary Science, State University of Ceará, Fortaleza-CE, Brazil.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
15
|
De Vos MM, Cuenca-Estrella M, Boekhout T, Theelen B, Matthijs N, Bauters T, Nailis H, Dhont MA, Rodriguez-Tudela JL, Nelis HJ. Vulvovaginal candidiasis in a Flemish patient population. Clin Microbiol Infect 2006; 11:1005-11. [PMID: 16307555 DOI: 10.1111/j.1469-0691.2005.01281.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Increased resistance to fluconazole has been reported in oral, oesophageal and urinary Candida isolates, but this has not been observed commonly in genital tract isolates. The rate of isolation of Candida spp. and their susceptibility to amphotericin B, flucytosine and azoles were determined in a number of clinical practices in the city of Ghent, Belgium. Patients with symptomatic vulvovaginal candidiasis (VVC) were treated with fluconazole, and the mycological and clinical outcomes were evaluated. Isolates were identified as Candida albicans (78.6%), Candida guilliermondii (17.3%), Candida glabrata (2.6%) and Candida dubliniensis (1.3%). The rates of mycological and clinical cures were 79.5% and 100%, respectively. Women with recurrent VVC were infected more frequently by non-albicans Candida spp., but no association was found between the use of antifungal agents and the presence of non-albicans spp. In-vitro resistance to fluconazole was not detected, even among subsequent Candida isolates from nine patients for whom mycological cure was not achieved.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M M De Vos
- Laboratory for Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
16
|
Abstract
Candida albicans is a common cause of nosocomial infections in humans, but there are few reports of systemic candidiasis in dogs. This report describes an 11-year-old spayed female Scottish Terrier with systemic candidiasis. The diagnosis was made on the basis of results of microbiologic culture of specimens from urine and venous catheters and histologic examination of tissues obtained post mortem. Factors that predisposed the dog of this report to systemic candidiasis included diabetes mellitus, corticosteroid and broad-spectrum antimicrobial administration, venous and urinary catheterization, and administration of nutrition parenterally. The development of pyrexia and leukocytosis in dogs with risk factors that predispose to Candida spp infections warrants evaluation via microbial culture of specimens from urine and vascular catheters used in those dogs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Johanna C Heseltine
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, Virginia-Maryland Regional College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA
| | | | | |
Collapse
|