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Niyonzima E, Ongol MP, Brostaux Y, Korsak N, Daube G, Kimonyo A, Sindic M. Meat retail conditions within the establishments of Kigali city (Rwanda): bacteriological quality and risk factors for Salmonella occurrence. Trop Anim Health Prod 2017; 50:537-546. [PMID: 29119377 DOI: 10.1007/s11250-017-1466-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2017] [Accepted: 10/30/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Meat constitutes one of the major vehicles for human foodborne infections. This study aimed to assess the retail conditions and to determine the microbiological quality and safety of meat retailed within the establishments of Kigali (Rwanda). A questionnaire survey was carried out in 150 retail outlets to characterise meat retail conditions. Additionally, 270 retail meat samples were analysed for the enumeration of hygiene indicator bacteria (total mesophilic bacteria and Escherichia coli) and for the qualitative detection of Salmonella, using conventional culture methods. The results revealed that beef was the predominant meat sold within the retail premises of Kigali city, while meat from non-bovine animal species was mainly sold in large establishments. Salmonella was detected in 19.6% of all the retailed meat samples evaluated, whereas the mean loads for total mesophilic bacteria and E. coli were 7.3 and 3.5 log cfu/g, respectively. Three factors, namely the temperature conditions of the meat under retail, the cleanability of the used meat cutting boards, and the training of personnel in hygienic meat handling practices, were found to be significantly (p ≤ 0.05) associated with the risk of Salmonella occurrence in the retailed meat. The findings from this study highlight the need for improvements in hygienic meat handling practices, particularly, in small and medium meat retail establishments in Kigali.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eugène Niyonzima
- Gembloux Agro Bio-Tech, Analysis Quality and Risk Unit, Laboratory of Agro-food Quality and Safety, University of Liège, Passage des Déportés 2, 5030, Gembloux, Belgium. .,College of Agriculture Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, School of Food Science and Technology, Food Safety and Quality Management Department, University of Rwanda, Avenue de l'armée, P.O. Box 3900, Kigali, Rwanda.
| | - Martin Patrick Ongol
- College of Agriculture Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, School of Food Science and Technology, Food Safety and Quality Management Department, University of Rwanda, Avenue de l'armée, P.O. Box 3900, Kigali, Rwanda
| | - Yves Brostaux
- Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, Applied Statistics, Computer Science and Modeling Unit, University of Liège, Passage des Déportés 2, 5030, Gembloux, Belgium
| | - Nicolas Korsak
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Fundamental and Applied Research for Animal & Health (FARAH), Food Science Department, Microbiology Section, University of Liège, Quartier Vallée 2, Avenue de Cureghem 10, B-4000, Liège, Belgium
| | - Georges Daube
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Fundamental and Applied Research for Animal & Health (FARAH), Food Science Department, Microbiology Section, University of Liège, Quartier Vallée 2, Avenue de Cureghem 10, B-4000, Liège, Belgium
| | - Anastase Kimonyo
- College of Agriculture Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, School of Food Science and Technology, Food Safety and Quality Management Department, University of Rwanda, Avenue de l'armée, P.O. Box 3900, Kigali, Rwanda
| | - Marianne Sindic
- Gembloux Agro Bio-Tech, Analysis Quality and Risk Unit, Laboratory of Agro-food Quality and Safety, University of Liège, Passage des Déportés 2, 5030, Gembloux, Belgium
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Efficacy of washing and disinfection in cattle markets in Ireland. Ir Vet J 2017; 70:6. [PMID: 28203367 PMCID: PMC5301348 DOI: 10.1186/s13620-017-0081-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2016] [Accepted: 01/11/2017] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Few studies have reported on the effectiveness of the washing and disinfection methods used in cattle markets in Ireland. Purchasing cattle into recipient herds poses a high biosecurity risk due to the possibility of introducing disease. In Ireland, livestock markets are an important intermediary in the movement of cattle to new herds. Thus disease control strategies need to consider the disease risk associated with moving livestock through markets. Some cattle are also moved directly from markets for slaughter at abattoirs. Washing and disinfection at markets is utilised to reduce faecal contamination in markets, thereby reducing the risk of disease spread among animals and carcass contamination at slaughter. The primary objective of this study was to assess the efficacy of standard washing and disinfection techniques at markets in Ireland in reducing bacterial contamination on internal structures. Total viable counts (TVC) of colony forming units (CFU) were used as indicators of bacterial contamination, which could include pathogens of public and animal health concern. Four hundred and seventy nine samples were taken mainly from pen floors and the TVC enumerated for each sample. Results Washing and disinfection was effective at significantly reducing TVCs on floors and metal bars of market holding pens, but residual contamination remained. Washing market pens only (no disinfection), followed by a rest period between batches of cattle (6.5 days) was as effective at reducing TVCs as washing followed by disinfection and a shorter rest period (5.5 days). Conclusions Markets are a potential reservoir for microbial contamination with a resultant increased risk of disease spread by cattle moving through markets into new herds, and carcass contamination for cattle moving directly to slaughter. Therefore, market managers need clear advice and guidance on the development of hygiene programmes that are suitable for use in livestock markets.
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Villarreal-Silva M, Genho DP, Ilhak I, Lucia LM, Dickson JS, Gehring KB, Savell JW, Castillo A. Tracing Surrogates for Enteric Pathogens Inoculated on Hide through the Beef Harvesting Process. J Food Prot 2016; 79:1860-1867. [PMID: 28221906 DOI: 10.4315/0362-028x.jfp-15-481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Multiple antimicrobial interventions have been validated for use during the beef postharvesting process. However, little has been done to determine the impact of the postharvest environment on pathogen contamination. In this study, surrogate microorganisms were used to simulate pathogen cross-contamination through the postharvest environment at three different abattoirs. At each abattoir, the brisket areas of 13 hide-on carcasses were inoculated after stunning, with a gelatin slurry containing a cocktail (~7 log CFU/ml) of fluorescent Escherichia coli biotype I. These microorganisms are approved as surrogates for E. coli O157:H7 and Salmonella . From these carcasses, samples (300 cm2) were taken at different stages during the harvesting process: after hide opening, prior to evisceration, after evisceration, after splitting, and after final intervention. The carcass (noninoculated) immediately following (adjacent to) each hide-inoculated carcass was also tested to determine cross-contamination. Environmental (floor, walls, air) and personal garment (gloves, boots, aprons) samples were collected. Other sampled equipment included knives, meat hooks, hide pullers, and splitting saws. Results demonstrated that cross-contamination occurred between the inoculated hide and the carcass and also by transfer of microorganisms to the adjacent, noninoculated carcasses. Microbial transfer also occurred from hides or carcasses to the environment, personal garments, and equipment. Counts of the surrogate bacteria used were higher in equipment samples (15%) than in environment samples (10%). Personal garments had the lowest occurrence of cross-contamination (7%). For all abattoirs, surrogates were undetected on the carcass (<1.4 log CFU/300cm2) after the final intervention stage. This study confirms the importance of following adequate procedures for carcass dressing and highlights an adequate hide opening procedure as a crucial step to prevent carcass contamination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana Villarreal-Silva
- Center for Food Safety, Department of Animal Science, Texas Agrilife Research, Texas A&M University, 2471 TAMU, College Station, Texas 77843-2471
| | - Daniel P Genho
- Center for Food Safety, Department of Animal Science, Texas Agrilife Research, Texas A&M University, 2471 TAMU, College Station, Texas 77843-2471
| | - Irfan Ilhak
- Center for Food Safety, Department of Animal Science, Texas Agrilife Research, Texas A&M University, 2471 TAMU, College Station, Texas 77843-2471
| | - Lisa M Lucia
- Center for Food Safety, Department of Animal Science, Texas Agrilife Research, Texas A&M University, 2471 TAMU, College Station, Texas 77843-2471
| | - James S Dickson
- 215F Meat Laboratory, Department of Animal Science, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011-3150, USA
| | - Kerri B Gehring
- Center for Food Safety, Department of Animal Science, Texas Agrilife Research, Texas A&M University, 2471 TAMU, College Station, Texas 77843-2471
| | - Jeffrey W Savell
- Center for Food Safety, Department of Animal Science, Texas Agrilife Research, Texas A&M University, 2471 TAMU, College Station, Texas 77843-2471
| | - Alejandro Castillo
- Center for Food Safety, Department of Animal Science, Texas Agrilife Research, Texas A&M University, 2471 TAMU, College Station, Texas 77843-2471
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