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Botía M, López-Arjona M, Escribano D, Contreras-Aguilar MD, Vallejo-Mateo PJ, Cerón JJ, Martínez-Subiela S. Measurement of haptoglobin in saliva of cows: Validation of an assay and a pilot study of its potential application. Res Vet Sci 2023; 158:44-49. [PMID: 36924634 DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2023.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 03/17/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, the use of saliva as a matrix for the measurement of biomarkers of health and welfare is gaining importance due to its non-invasive collection. Haptoglobin (Hp) is an acute-phase protein involved in the inflammatory response and changes in its concentration can provide information about the health status of the animals. This study aimed to develop and validate an assay based on luminescent amplification (AlphaLISA technology) for the measurement of Hp in bovine saliva and to study the possible changes in different inflammatory situations such as peripartum period and lameness. The assay proved to be accurate, reliable, and sensitive for the measurement of Hp in cow saliva (coefficient of variation (CV) 7.57%; coefficient of determination (R2) 0.992; recovery test 105.15%; lower limit of quantification (LLQ) 7.9 ng/ml). Significant differences were observed between Hp levels in saliva of cows before (13 days before) and after (7 and 20 days after) calving and at the moment of calving (p < 0.0001), and between lame and healthy cows (p < 0.008). In conclusion, this assay can detect Hp in a precise, sensitive, and accurate way in saliva of cows. Future studies with a larger population and different disease conditions should be conducted to determine the potential of Hp as an inflammatory biomarker in cow saliva.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Botía
- Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Clinical Analysis, Interlab-UMU, Regional Campus of International Excellence Campus Mare Nostrum, University of Murcia, 30100 Murcia, Spain
| | - M López-Arjona
- Department of Animal and Food Science, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain
| | - D Escribano
- Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Clinical Analysis, Interlab-UMU, Regional Campus of International Excellence Campus Mare Nostrum, University of Murcia, 30100 Murcia, Spain; Department of Animal Production, Veterinary School, Regional Campus of International Excellence Campus Mare Nostrum, University of Murcia, 30100 Murcia, Spain
| | - M D Contreras-Aguilar
- Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Clinical Analysis, Interlab-UMU, Regional Campus of International Excellence Campus Mare Nostrum, University of Murcia, 30100 Murcia, Spain
| | - P J Vallejo-Mateo
- Department of Animal Medicine and Surgery, Veterinary School, Regional Campus of International Excellence Campus Mare Nostrum, University of Murcia, 30100 Murcia, Spain
| | - J J Cerón
- Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Clinical Analysis, Interlab-UMU, Regional Campus of International Excellence Campus Mare Nostrum, University of Murcia, 30100 Murcia, Spain
| | - S Martínez-Subiela
- Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Clinical Analysis, Interlab-UMU, Regional Campus of International Excellence Campus Mare Nostrum, University of Murcia, 30100 Murcia, Spain.
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Zhang H, Zheng J, Sun Y, Yang C, Yue Y. NF-κB signaling pathway mechanism in cow intertoe skin inflammation caused by Fusobacterium necrophorum. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2023; 13:1156449. [PMID: 37153149 PMCID: PMC10160445 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2023.1156449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Accepted: 03/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Fusobacterium necrophorum is the main pathogen inducing bovine foot rot. The infected site is often accompanied by a strong inflammatory response, but the specific inflammatory regulatory mechanism remains unclear. Aim A cow skin explants model was established to elucidate the mechanism of F. necrophorum bacillus causing foot rot in cows, and to provide reference for future clinical practice. Methods Cow intertoe skin explants were cultured in vitro, and F. necrophorum bacteria solution and nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) inhibitor BAY 1-7082 were added to establish an in vitro infection model. Hematoxylin and eosin staining, terminal - deoxynucleotidyl transferase mediated nick end labeling, and immunohistochemistry were used to detect the pathological changes of the skin explants infected with F. necrophorum, the degree of tissue cell apoptosis, and the expression of the apoptosis-related protein Caspase-3, respectively. RT-qPCR, Western blot, and ELISA were used to detect the activation of the NF-κB pathway and inflammatory cytokines by F. necrophorum. Results The intertoe skin structure of cows infected with F. necrophorum changed with different degrees of inflammation, and the degree of tissue cell apoptosis was significantly increased (P < 0.01). In addition, infection with F. necrophorum significantly increased the phosphorylation level of IκBα protein and up-regulated the expression level of NF-κB p65. The high expression and transcriptional activity of NF-κB p65 significantly increased the expression and concentration of the inflammatory cytokines TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-8, thus inducing the occurrence of an inflammatory response. However, inhibition of NF-κB p65 activity significantly decreased the expression of inflammatory factors in the intertoe skin of cows infected with F. necrophorum. Conclusion F. necrophorum activates NF-κB signaling pathway by increasing the expression of TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-8 and other inflammatory factors, leading to foot rot in dairy cows.
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Immunological response of lame sheep to clinical interdigital dermatitis and footrot: Procalcitonin, acute phase proteins, and pro-inflammatory cytokines. Comp Immunol Microbiol Infect Dis 2022; 90-91:101899. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cimid.2022.101899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2022] [Revised: 10/19/2022] [Accepted: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Pirkkalainen H, Talvio I, Kujala M, Soveri T, Orro T. Acute phase response of sole ulcer, white line disease and digital dermatitis in dairy cows. Vet Anim Sci 2022; 17:100253. [PMID: 35669246 PMCID: PMC9163099 DOI: 10.1016/j.vas.2022.100253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2022] [Revised: 05/27/2022] [Accepted: 05/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Serum amyloid A, a marker of inflammation, was still elevated two weeks after treatment of sole ulcers. Body temperature and concentration of cytokine interleukin-6 declined from day 0 to day 7 in sole ulcer group. Sole ulcer is a chronic hoof disorder that heals slowly and therefore early detection, good management, and proper pain medication of cows with sole ulcers is important.
Hoof disorders cause lameness and welfare problems for dairy cattle. Acute phase proteins, including serum amyloid A and haptoglobin, with increased rectal temperature and interleukin-6 concentrations, are markers of acute phase response. This study assessed the inflammatory response of cows with either sole ulcer, white line disease or digital dermatitis compared to healthy cows. Another aim was to monitor the inflammatory response changes over time after diagnosis (at hoof trimming, seven and 14 days later) in cows with different hoof disorders. Serum amyloid A concentration in cows with sole ulcer was significantly higher compared with the control group (cows with no hoof lesions) within the two-week study period. Interleukin-6 and rectal temperature declined from day zero to day seven in the sole ulcer group. These results suggest that sole ulcers initiate a long lasting systemic inflammatory response in dairy cows.
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Watson C, Barden M, Griffiths BE, Anagnostopoulos A, Higgins HM, Bedford C, Carter S, Psifidi A, Banos G, Oikonomou G. Prospective cohort study of the association between early lactation mastitis and the presence of sole ulcers in dairy cows. Vet Rec 2022; 190:e1387. [PMID: 35122435 DOI: 10.1002/vetr.1387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2021] [Accepted: 01/06/2022] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The objective of this study was to investigate the association between (sub)clinical mastitis (CM) in the first 30 days in milk (DIM) and the presence of sole ulcers (SU) later in lactation. METHODS Holstein cows and heifers were examined for presence of sole haemorrhage and SU before calving, in the first 14 days postcalving and in early lactation (after 30 DIM). CM episodes and somatic cell counts (SCC) measurements were obtained from farm records. Multivariable logistic regression was used for data analysis. RESULTS Odds of SU in early lactation were 2.44 times greater (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.97-5.54) in cows that had CM in the first 30 DIM compared to cows that did not have CM in the first 30 DIM. When cows that had SU precalving or at the calving check were excluded from the dataset, an association of CM in the first 30 DIM with later presence of SU was no longer statistically significant but the same numeric trend still existed (odds ratio [OR] 2.25, 95% CI 0.81-5.34). The odds of SU in early lactation were 1.70 times greater in cows that had high SCC compared to cows that did not have high SCC in the first 100 DIM (95% CI 1.13-2.55). CONCLUSION An association was found between CM in the first 30 DIM and presence of SU in early lactation (after 30 DIM). Elucidating the mechanism behind this relationship could improve our understanding of the aetiopathogenesis of both diseases and lead to new preventive strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher Watson
- Department of Livestock and One Health, Institute of Infection, Veterinary and Ecological Sciences, University of Liverpool, Leahurst Campus, Neston, UK
| | - Matthew Barden
- Department of Livestock and One Health, Institute of Infection, Veterinary and Ecological Sciences, University of Liverpool, Leahurst Campus, Neston, UK
| | - Bethany E Griffiths
- Department of Livestock and One Health, Institute of Infection, Veterinary and Ecological Sciences, University of Liverpool, Leahurst Campus, Neston, UK
| | - Alkiviadis Anagnostopoulos
- Department of Livestock and One Health, Institute of Infection, Veterinary and Ecological Sciences, University of Liverpool, Leahurst Campus, Neston, UK
| | - Helen M Higgins
- Department of Livestock and One Health, Institute of Infection, Veterinary and Ecological Sciences, University of Liverpool, Leahurst Campus, Neston, UK
| | - Cherrill Bedford
- Department of Livestock and One Health, Institute of Infection, Veterinary and Ecological Sciences, University of Liverpool, Leahurst Campus, Neston, UK
| | - Stuart Carter
- Department of Livestock and One Health, Institute of Infection, Veterinary and Ecological Sciences, University of Liverpool, Leahurst Campus, Neston, UK
| | - Androniki Psifidi
- Department of Clinical Science and Services, Royal Veterinary College, North Mymms, Hertfordshire, UK
| | - Georgios Banos
- Animal & Veterinary Sciences, SRUC, Roslin Institute Building, Easter Bush, Midlothian, UK
| | - Georgios Oikonomou
- Department of Livestock and One Health, Institute of Infection, Veterinary and Ecological Sciences, University of Liverpool, Leahurst Campus, Neston, UK
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Acute phase response and clinical manifestation in outbreaks of interdigital phlegmon in dairy herds. Comp Immunol Microbiol Infect Dis 2019; 68:101375. [PMID: 31756638 DOI: 10.1016/j.cimid.2019.101375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2019] [Revised: 10/13/2019] [Accepted: 10/23/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Several Finnish dairy herds have suffered from outbreaks of interdigital phlegmon (IP). In these new types of outbreaks, morbidity was high and clinical signs severe, resulting in substantial economic losses for affected farms. In our study, we visited 18 free stall dairy herds experiencing an outbreak of IP and 3 control herds without a similar outbreak. From a total of 203 sampled cows, 60 suffered from acute stage IP. We demonstrated that acute phase response of bovine IP was evident and therefore an appropriate analgesic should be administered in the treatment of affected animals. The response was most apparent in herds with high morbidity in IP and with a bacterial infection comprising Fusobacterium necrophorum and Dichelobacter nodosus, indicating that combination of these two bacterial species affect the severity of the disease.
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Marti S, Meléndez DM, Pajor EA, Moya D, Gellatly D, Janzen ED, Schwartzkopf-Genswein KS. Effect of a single dose of subcutaneous meloxicam prior to band or knife castration in 1-wk-old beef calves: II. Inflammatory response and healing. J Anim Sci 2018; 96:4136-4148. [PMID: 30165529 PMCID: PMC6162621 DOI: 10.1093/jas/sky291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2018] [Accepted: 07/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of a single dose of subcutaneous (s.c.) meloxicam administered at the time of knife and band castration on inflammatory response and wound healing over 56-d post-castration. Seventy-two Angus crossbred calves (47.3 ± 6.70 kg of body weight [BW] and 7 to 8 d of age) were randomly assigned according to a 3 × 2 factorial design assessing castration method: sham (CT), band (BA), and knife (KN) castration, and pain mitigation: non-medicated (NM) and medicated calves (M) injected s.c. with meloxicam (0.5 mg/kg of BW). Calf BW, rectal temperature, swelling ("0": no swelling; "4": swelling needing intervention) and healing score ("1" to "5" with "5" being completely healed), scrotal circumference, and maximum scrotal temperature were measured on d -1, immediately before castration (d 0), and weekly thereafter over a 56-d period. Blood samples for haptoglobin (Hp), serum amyloid-A (SAA), and complete blood cell count were collected according to the same schedule. Hair samples were collected on d -1, 28, and 56 to determine cortisol concentrations. Standing and lying behaviors were measured using accelerometers that were placed on the calves on d -1 until d 35, and visual observations of behaviors related to pain were recorded once a week for 35 d. Knife-castrated calves achieved swelling scores of "3" and "2" between d 7 and 14, which was sooner (Z< 0.05) than in BA calves (from d 14 to 35). In addition, greater (P = 0.03) concentrations of SAA were observed in BA calves (76.9 ± 0.12 g/liter) compared with CT (57.6 ± 0.12 g/liter) and KN (51.6 ± 0.12 g/liter) from d 7 to 35. Healing scores of "2" and "4" tended to be achieved sooner (Z < 0.10) in KN calves than in BA calves, although healing scores of "3" tended to be achieved sooner (Z < 0.10) in BA calves than KN calves. No differences (P > 0.10) were observed among treatments for hair cortisol on d -1 and 28, but on d 56, hair cortisol concentrations in BA-NM calves were greater (P > 0.05) than for CT-NM, BA-M, KN-NM, and KN-M, and tended to be greater (P = 0.08) than for CT-M calves. Lying duration tended (P = 0.10) to be greater and suckling behavior tended (P = 0.08) to be lower in NM than M calves. A single s.c. injection of meloxicam did not reduce long-term inflammatory responses or improve wound healing; however, it may be useful in reducing pain and stress in band castrated calves as evidenced by reduced hair cortisol concentrations up to 56 d post-castration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonia Marti
- Department of Production Animal Health, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
- Department of Ruminant Production, IRTA, Institut de Recerca i Tecnologies Agroalimentàries, Caldes de Montbui, Spain
| | - Daniela M Meléndez
- Department of Production Animal Health, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Lethbridge Research and Development Centre, Lethbridge, AB, Canada
| | - Ed A Pajor
- Department of Production Animal Health, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Diego Moya
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Lethbridge Research and Development Centre, Lethbridge, AB, Canada
- Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - Desiree Gellatly
- Department of Production Animal Health, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Lethbridge Research and Development Centre, Lethbridge, AB, Canada
| | - Eugene D Janzen
- Department of Production Animal Health, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
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Tóthová C, Mudroň P, Nagy O. The electrophoretic pattern of serum proteins in dairy cows with inflammatory diseases. ACTA VET-BEOGRAD 2017. [DOI: 10.1515/acve-2017-0016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
The objective of the study was to evaluate the electrophoretic pattern of serum proteins in dairy cows suffering from various inflammatory diseases, and to study the influence of these diseases on the concentrations of protein fractions. Fourty dairy cows with clinical signs of various inflammatory diseases were used in the study, including cows with post-partum metritis (n=10), mastitis (n=7), and hoof diseases (n=23). The cows were of a black pied Holstein-Friesian breed, Slovak spotted breed and their crossbreeds at the age of 3.5 to 8 years. Fourteen clinically healthy dairy cows were taken as the control group. The cows were blood sampled for the determination of total serum proteins and serum protein fractions. The protein fractions were divided into albumin, α1-, α2-, β1-, β2-, and γ-globulins. In cows with post-partum metritis we found significantly lower concentrations of albumin (P<0.001) and significantly higher values of α1-globulins (P<0.01) compared with healthy animals. Significantly higher concentrations of β1-globulins were observed in cows with mastitis (P<0.001), while the γ-globulin fraction was non-significantly higher. In cows with hoof diseases we recorded significantly lower values of albumin (P<0.001), significantly higher concentrations of α1- and β1-globulins (P<0.001), and non-significantly higher β2- and γ-globulins. Moreover, in the electrophoretic pattern of serum proteins we found β-γ bridging in thirteen cows with hoof diseases. Presented data suggest marked influence of inflammatory diseases on the concentrations of serum protein fractions in dairy cows. However, further investigations are needed to establish the diagnostic utility of serum protein electrophoresis in bovine clinical practice in relation to inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Csilla Tóthová
- Clinic for Ruminants , University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy , Košice , Slovak Republic
| | - Pavol Mudroň
- Clinic for Ruminants , University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy , Košice , Slovak Republic
| | - Oskar Nagy
- Clinic for Ruminants , University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy , Košice , Slovak Republic
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Bustamante HA, Rodríguez AR, Herzberg DE, Werner MP. Stress and pain response after oligofructose induced-lameness in dairy heifers. J Vet Sci 2016; 16:405-11. [PMID: 26243595 PMCID: PMC4701732 DOI: 10.4142/jvs.2015.16.4.405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2014] [Revised: 02/12/2015] [Accepted: 07/03/2015] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Lameness is one of the most painful conditions that affects dairy cattle. This study was conducted to evaluate clinical signs and plasma concentration of several pain and stress biomarkers after oligofructose-induced lameness in dairy heifers. Lameness was induced using an oligofructose overload model in 12 non-pregnant heifers. Clinical parameters and blood samples were obtained at 48 and 24 h and at 6, 12, 24, 36 and 48 h after induction of lameness. Clinical parameters included heart rate, respiratory rate, ruminal frequency and lameness score. Plasma biomarkers included cortisol, haptoglobin, norepinephrine, beta-endorphin and substance P. Differences were observed in all parameters between control and treated heifers. The plasma concentration of biomarkers increased significantly in treated animals starting 6 h after induction of lameness, reaching maximum levels at 24 h for cortisol, 48 h for haptoglobin, 6 h for norepinephrine, 12 h for substance P and at 24 h for beta-endorphin. Overall, our results confirm that lameness associated pain induced using the oligofructose model induced changes in clinical parameters and plasma biomarkers of pain and stress in dairy heifers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hedie A Bustamante
- Veterinary Clinical Sciences Institute, School of Veterinary Sciences, Austral University of Chile, Valdivia 5110566, Chile
| | - Alfredo R Rodríguez
- Veterinary Clinical Sciences Institute, School of Veterinary Sciences, Austral University of Chile, Valdivia 5110566, Chile
| | - Daniel E Herzberg
- Veterinary Clinical Sciences Department, School of Veterinary Sciences, University of Concepcion, Concepcion 4070374, Chile
| | - Marianne P Werner
- Animal Science Institute, School of Veterinary Sciences, Austral University of Chile, Valdivia 5110566, Chile
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Orgel C, Ruddat I, Hoedemaker M. [Prevalence and severity of lameness in early lactation in dairy cows and the effect on reproductive performance]. Tierarztl Prax Ausg G Grosstiere Nutztiere 2016; 44:207-17. [PMID: 27304852 DOI: 10.15653/tpg-150624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2015] [Accepted: 04/01/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To examine the impact of different degrees of lameness on the fertility of dairy cows. MATERIAL AND METHODS Seven dairy herds housed in free stall barns with cubicles were visited at 4-week intervals and all cows were examined for locomotion characteristics using a locomotion scoring system. The cows received scores from 1 (normal gait) to 5 (severely lame). During the study period of 18 months, 893 cows in the first month of lactation and 944 cows in the second, third and fourth months of lactation were evaluated. Reproductive measures between non-lame cows (score 1), mild lame cows (score 2) and cows with clear lameness (score ≥ 3) were compared. RESULTS Independent of parity and herd effects, cows with scores ≥ 3 in the first month of lactation displayed a 6 days longer calving to first service interval (CFSI) (86.2 ± 35.6 vs. 80.2 ± 34.1 days; p = 0.002) and a 16 days longer calving to conception interval (CCI) (119.7 ± 51.4 vs. 103.8 ± 55.5 days; p = 0.048) than non-lame cows. Additionally, the risk for non-conception was significantly higher in cows suffering from lameness in the first month of lactation (odds ratio: 2.1, 95% confidence interval: 1.095, 4.040; p = 0.026). Cows affected by mild lameness in the third month of lactation had a 4 days longer CFSI (84.7 ± 35.6 vs. 80.1 ± 30.5 days; p = 0.026) and a 18 days longer CCI (120.1 ± 55.4 vs. 102.3 ± 47.6 days; p = 0.016) than non-lame cows, while the CSFI in distinct lame cows was extended by 7 days compared to non-lame cows (87.2 ± 34.9 vs. 80.1 ± 30.5 days; p = 0.002). Cows with the score 1 in the first month and score 3 in the third month of lactation showed the longest CSFI (94.3 ± 33.9 vs. 76.5 ± 16.0 days in non-lame cows; p = 0.046). CONCLUSION AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE This study suggests that both distinct and mild lameness in early lactation lead to a decline in reproduction in dairy herds. A regular determination of the lameness prevalence in dairy herds and optimizing claw health management, including early treatment of lame cows, will enhance animal welfare and reproduction efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Corina Orgel
- Corina Orgel, Klinik für kleine Klauentiere und Forensische Medizin/ Ambulatorische Klinik, Stiftung Tierärztliche Hochschule Hannover, Bischofsholer Damm 15, 30173 Hannover, E-Mail:
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11
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A proteomics-based identification of putative biomarkers for disease in bovine milk. Vet Immunol Immunopathol 2016; 174:11-8. [PMID: 27185258 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetimm.2016.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2016] [Revised: 04/01/2016] [Accepted: 04/04/2016] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to identify and characterize potential biomarkers for disease resistance in bovine milk that can be used to indicate dairy cows at risk to develop future health problems. We selected high- and low-resistant cows i.e. cows that were less or more prone to develop diseases according to farmers' experience and notifications in the disease registration data. The protein composition of milk serum samples of these high- and low-resistant cows were compared using NanoLC-MS/MS. In total 78 proteins were identified and quantified of which 13 were significantly more abundant in low-resistant cows than high-resistant cows. Quantification of one of these proteins, lactoferrin (LF), by ELISA in a new and much larger set of full fat milk samples confirmed higher LF levels in low- versus high-resistant cows. These high- and low-resistant cows were selected based on comprehensive disease registration and milk recording data, and absence of disease for at least 4 weeks. Relating the experienced diseases to LF levels in milk showed that lameness was associated with higher LF levels in milk. Analysis of the prognostic value of LF showed that low-resistant cows with higher LF levels in milk had a higher risk of being culled within one year after testing than high-resistant cows. In conclusion, LF in milk are higher in low-resistant cows, are associated with lameness and may be a prognostic marker for risk of premature culling.
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Sun D, Li C, Gu C, Chen J, Qu Y, Wang X, Gao J, Wei S, Wang J, Wu R, Guo D. Analysis of Mineral Elements, Metabolism, and Inflammation Indexes in the Plasma of Dairy Cows Suffering from Different Degrees of Lameness. Biol Trace Elem Res 2015; 168:372-9. [PMID: 26032445 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-015-0380-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2015] [Accepted: 05/21/2015] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
In the plasma of dairy cows with 1-5 points of lameness, the mineral elements [calcium (Ca), iron (Fe), copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), iodine (I), selenium (Se), molybdenum (Mo), and chromium (Cr)], the energy metabolic indicators [triglyceride (TG), glucose (Glu), total cholesterol (CHO), nonesterified fatty acids (NEFA), β-hydroxybutyrate (BHBA), lactate (LA), and blood urea nitrogen (BUN)], and inflammatory indexes [bovine haptoglobin (BoHp), histamine (HIS), and immunoglobulin G (IgG)] were measured, respectively. Furthermore, the correlations of the measured indicators with the degrees of lameness were analyzed. The results showed that in the plasma of dairy cows with 2/3-5 points of lameness, for the mineral elements' levels, Ca, Cu, I, Se, and Fe significantly decreased, Cr significantly increased, and Mo showed a decreasing trend; for levels of the energy metabolism indicators, NEFA and BHBA significantly decreased, BUN and LA significantly increased, and Glu, CHO, and TG showed an increasing trend; for inflammation indexes, the concentrations of HIS, BoHp, and IgG all significantly increased; and further analysis indicated that the Mo, Fe, NEFA, BUN, BHBA, IgG, Ca, and Se had a significant correlation with the degrees of lameness. Resulting data revealed the changes of mineral elements, metabolism, and inflammation indexes in the plasma of dairy cows suffering from different degrees of lameness, which will provided basic knowledge for in-depth understanding of lameness in dairy cows.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongbo Sun
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, No. 2 Xinyang Road, Sartu District, Daqing, 163319, People's Republic of China.
- National Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 427 Maduan Street, Nangang District, Harbin, 150001, People's Republic of China.
| | - Chunqiu Li
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, No. 2 Xinyang Road, Sartu District, Daqing, 163319, People's Republic of China
| | - Cheng Gu
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, No. 2 Xinyang Road, Sartu District, Daqing, 163319, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianfei Chen
- National Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 427 Maduan Street, Nangang District, Harbin, 150001, People's Republic of China
| | - Yongli Qu
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, No. 2 Xinyang Road, Sartu District, Daqing, 163319, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinyu Wang
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, No. 2 Xinyang Road, Sartu District, Daqing, 163319, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Gao
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, No. 2 Xinyang Road, Sartu District, Daqing, 163319, People's Republic of China
| | - Shan Wei
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, No. 2 Xinyang Road, Sartu District, Daqing, 163319, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianfa Wang
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, No. 2 Xinyang Road, Sartu District, Daqing, 163319, People's Republic of China
| | - Rui Wu
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, No. 2 Xinyang Road, Sartu District, Daqing, 163319, People's Republic of China
| | - Donghua Guo
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, No. 2 Xinyang Road, Sartu District, Daqing, 163319, People's Republic of China.
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El-Deeb WM, Buczinski S. The diagnostic and prognostic importance of oxidative stress biomarkers and acute phase proteins in Urinary Tract Infection (UTI) in camels. PeerJ 2015; 3:e1363. [PMID: 26587339 PMCID: PMC4647549 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.1363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2014] [Accepted: 10/09/2015] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The present study aimed to investigate the diagnostic and prognostic importance of oxidative stress biomarkers and acute phase proteins in urinary tract infection (UTI) in camels. We describe the clinical, bacteriological and biochemical findings in 89 camels. Blood and urine samples from diseased (n = 74) and control camels (n = 15) were submitted to laboratory investigations. The urine analysis revealed high number of RBCS and pus cells. The concentrations of serum and erythrocytic malondialdehyde (sMDA & eMDA), Haptoglobin (Hp), serum amyloid A (SAA), Ceruloplasmin (Cp), fibrinogen (Fb), albumin, globulin and interleukin 6 (IL-6) were higher in diseased camels when compared to healthy ones. Catalase, super oxide dismutase and glutathione levels were lower in diseased camels when compared with control group. Forty one of 74 camels with UTI were successfully treated. The levels of malondialdehyde, catalase, super oxide dismutase, glutathione, Hp, SAA, Fb, total protein, globulin and IL-6 were associated with the odds of treatment failure. The MDA showed a great sensitivity (Se) and specificity (Sp) in predicting treatment failure (Se 85%/Sp 100%) as well as the SAA (Se 92%/Sp 87%) and globulin levels (Se 85%/Sp 100%) when using the cutoffs that maximizes the sum of Se + Sp. Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that two models had a high accuracy to predict failure with the first model including sex, sMDA and Hp as covariates (area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) = 0.92) and a second model using sex, SAA and Hp (AUC = 0.89). Conclusively, the oxidative stress biomarkers and acute phase proteins could be used as diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers in camel UTI management. Efforts should be forced to investigate such biomarkers in other species with UTI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wael M El-Deeb
- Department of Clinical Studies, College of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Resources, King Faisal University , Al-Ahsa , Saudi Arabia ; Department of Veterinary Medicine, Infectious Diseases and Fish Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mansoura University , Mansoura , Egypt
| | - Sébastien Buczinski
- Département des Sciences Cliniques, Faculté de Médecine Vétérinaire, Université de Montréal , Saint-Hyacinthe , Canada
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14
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Lassen B, Bangoura B, Lepik T, Orro T. Systemic acute phase proteins response in calves experimentally infected with Eimeria zuernii. Vet Parasitol 2015; 212:140-6. [PMID: 26215927 PMCID: PMC7116924 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2015.06.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2015] [Revised: 06/19/2015] [Accepted: 06/23/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Acute phase proteins (APPs) have been demonstrated to be useful in evaluating general health stress and diseases in cattle. Serum amyloid A (SAA) and haptoglobin (Hp) are APPs that are produced during inflammation, and likely play a role in host immunological defence against Eimeria infection and the associated intestinal tissue damage. We investigated the involvement of SAA and HP in an experimental study, including three groups of calves: a control group (group 0, n=11), and two groups infected with either 150,000 or 250,000 Eimeria zuernii oocysts (group 1 (n=11) and group 2 (n=12), respectively). The calves were monitored for 28 days and data was collected on oocyst excretion, faecal score, animal weight, and SAA and Hp serum concentrations. Generalized linear mixed models showed that the clinical symptoms, indicated by an increase in the number of oocysts in the faeces and severe diarrhoea, manifested at patency for group 1 and 2. Serum Hp and SAA levels also increased during this period. Hp appeared to be a more sensitive marker than SAA, and differences between groups 1 and 2 were observed only for Hp. Linear regression models showed a negative association between weight gain and Hp concentrations, calculated as the area under the curve (AUC) during the overall experimental period and the patency period. A similar result was seen for SAA only during the patency period. This result supports the assumption that reduced weight gain due to E. zuernii infection is an immunologically driven process that involves an increase in APPs. A random intercept regression model of oocyst shedding groups showed that calves shedding 1-500 oocysts had reduced concentrations of Hp, indicating that a different immunological reaction occurs during mild shedding of E. zuernii oocysts than during more intensive shedding. A similar model was used to examine associations between faecal scores and Hp concentrations for each group. Group 2 calves with haemorrhagic diarrhoea displayed higher Hp levels than calves in that group with lower faecal scores, which may be in response to an increased demand for Hp in the repair process as a result of haemolysis. APPs seem to play an important role in determining the course of E. zuernii infection in calves, which may enhance our understanding of the immunological reaction and development of this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian Lassen
- Institute of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, Estonian University of Life Sciences, Kreutzwaldi 62, 51014 Tartu, Estonia.
| | - Berit Bangoura
- Institute of Parasitology, University of Leipzig, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, An den Tierkliniken 35, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Triin Lepik
- Institute of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, Estonian University of Life Sciences, Kreutzwaldi 62, 51014 Tartu, Estonia
| | - Toomas Orro
- Institute of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, Estonian University of Life Sciences, Kreutzwaldi 62, 51014 Tartu, Estonia
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15
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Guo D, Zhang H, Li C, Sun D. A polyclonal antibody against recombinant bovine haptoglobin expressed in Escherichia coli. Monoclon Antib Immunodiagn Immunother 2013; 32:419-24. [PMID: 24328747 DOI: 10.1089/mab.2013.0061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The nucleotide sequence of the predicted immunodominant region of bovine haptoglobin (pirBoHp), without the signal peptide sequence, was synthesized based on the codon usage bias of Escherichia coli. The synthesized pirBoHp gene was cloned into the prokaryotic expression vector pET-32a (+), which contains a His-tag. The recombinant pirBoHp protein was successfully expressed in E. coli BL21 (DE3) cells. Western blot analysis showed that the purified recombinant pirBoHp protein could be recognized by an anti-His-tag monoclonal antibody. Further investigations indicated that a polyclonal antibody against the recombinant pirBoHp protein could recognize the α and β chains of native bovine haptoglobin in a pooled plasma sample from dairy cattle suffering from foot rot.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donghua Guo
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Medicine, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University , Daqing, P.R. China
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16
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Tadich N, Tejeda C, Bastias S, Rosenfeld C, Green LE. Nociceptive threshold, blood constituents and physiological values in 213 cows with locomotion scores ranging from normal to severely lame. Vet J 2013; 197:401-5. [PMID: 23499542 DOI: 10.1016/j.tvjl.2013.01.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2012] [Revised: 01/22/2013] [Accepted: 01/23/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate associations between mechanical nociceptive threshold, blood constituents, physiological measurements and locomotion score (LS) in dairy cattle with a range of LS from 1 (normal) to 5 (severely lame). The study used 213 Friesian/Friesian cross dairy cows from 12 farms. There were 40-50 cows each with LS 1-4 and 22 cows with LS 5. Each cow was restrained and her temperature and respiratory and cardiac rates were measured. Nociceptive threshold, plasma concentrations of haptoglobin, β-hydroxybutyrate (β-HB), cortisol, glucose, lactate, creatinine kinase activity, packed cell volume and white blood cell counts were determined. Mixed effect models were used to investigate associations between the variables measured and LS. Parity and stage of lactation were forced into all analyses and the model fit was checked by investigation of residuals. After accounting for parity and stage of lactation, nociceptive threshold was significantly lower in cattle with LS 3-5 compared with LS 1 in a dose response manner, indicating increasing hyperalgesia with increasing LS. Haptoglobin concentration was raised in all cattle with LS>1, demonstrating an inflammatory response with all levels of lameness. Cortisol and glucose concentrations were lower and β-HB concentrations higher in cows with LS 2 compared with cows with other scores, possibly signifying metabolic challenge. Heart and respiratory rate and rectal temperature were significantly higher only in cows with LS 5, suggesting that these measurements were insensitive measures of pain or stress. It was concluded that hyperalgesia increases with increasing severity of lameness and that nociceptive pressure and haptoglobin were sensitive measures of pain from lameness.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Tadich
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, University Austral of Chile, Campus Isla Teja, Valdivia, Chile.
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Shotgun proteomic analysis of plasma from dairy cattle suffering from footrot: characterization of potential disease-associated factors. PLoS One 2013; 8:e55973. [PMID: 23418487 PMCID: PMC3572155 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0055973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2012] [Accepted: 01/04/2013] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The plasma proteome of healthy dairy cattle and those with footrot was investigated using a shotgun LC-MS/MS approach. In total, 648 proteins were identified in healthy plasma samples, of which 234 were non-redundant proteins and 123 were high-confidence proteins; 712 proteins were identified from footrot plasma samples, of which 272 were non-redundant proteins and 138 were high-confidence proteins. The high-confidence proteins showed significant differences between healthy and footrot plasma samples in molecular weight, isoelectric points and the Gene Ontology categories. 22 proteins were found that may differentiate between the two sets of plasma proteins, of which 16 potential differential expression (PDE) proteins from footrot plasma involved in immunoglobulins, innate immune recognition molecules, acute phase proteins, regulatory proteins, and cell adhesion and cytoskeletal proteins; 6 PDE proteins from healthy plasma involved in regulatory proteins, cytoskeletal proteins and coagulation factors. Of these PDE proteins, haptoglobin, SERPINA10 protein, afamin precursor, haptoglobin precursor, apolipoprotein D, predicted peptidoglycan recognition protein L (PGRP-L) and keratan sulfate proteoglycan (KS-PG) were suggested to be potential footrot-associated factors. The PDE proteins PGRP-L and KS-PG were highlighted as potential biomarkers of footrot in cattle. The resulting protein lists and potential differentially expressed proteins may provide valuable information to increase understanding of plasma protein profiles in cattle and to assist studies of footrot-associated factors.
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Acute phase proteins in ruminants. J Proteomics 2012; 75:4207-31. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2012.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 307] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2012] [Revised: 03/29/2012] [Accepted: 04/02/2012] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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Cannizzo C, Gianesella M, Giudice E, Messina V, Piccione G, Morgante M. Serum acute phase proteins in cows with SARA (Subacute Ruminal Acidosis) suspect. ARQ BRAS MED VET ZOO 2012. [DOI: 10.1590/s0102-09352012000100003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the variations of Acute Phase Proteins (APPs) and other blood constituents during the onset of the sub-acute ruminal acidosis (SARA) pathological status. A total of 108 cows from 12 dairy herds were randomly selected and divided into three Groups of 36 animals each. All animals were subjected to a rumenocentesis. Group A was composed by subjects with a rumen pH>5.8, Group B was composed by subjects with a rumen pH ≤5.5≤5.8 and Group C was composed by subjects with a rumen pH<5.5. Blood samples were collected by jugular venipuncture and Haptoglobin (Hp), Serum Amyloid A (SAA), Total Proteins, Albumin and White Blood Cells (WBC) were determined. One-way ANOVA showed a statistical significance on Rumen pH, Hp, SAA. SARA seems not stimulate the APPs production from liver.
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The influence of hoof diseases on the concentrations of some acute phase proteins and other variables of the protein profile in heifers. ACTA VET-BEOGRAD 2011. [DOI: 10.2298/avb1103141t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
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