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Abstract
Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae: is the etiological agent of porcine enzootic pneumonia (EP), a disease that impacts the swine industry worldwide. Pathogen-induced damage, as well as the elicited host-response, contribute to disease. Here, we provide an overview of EP epidemiology, control and prevention, and a more in-depth review of M. hyopneumoniae pathogenicity determinants, highlighting some molecular mechanisms of pathogen-host interactions relevant for pathogenesis. Based on recent functional, immunological, and comparative “omics” results, we discuss the roles of many known or putative M. hyopneumoniae virulence factors, along with host molecules involved in EP. Moreover, the known molecular bases of pathogenicity mechanisms, including M. hyopneumoniae adhesion to host respiratory epithelium, protein secretion, cell damage, host microbicidal response and its modulation, and maintenance of M. hyopneumoniae homeostasis during infection are described. Recent findings regarding M. hyopneumoniae pathogenicity determinants also contribute to the development of novel diagnostic tests, vaccines, and treatments for EP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernanda M A Leal Zimmer
- Laboratório de Genômica Estrutural e Funcional, Centro de Biotecnologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande Do Sul (UFRGS) , Porto Alegre, Brazil.,Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Celular e Molecular, Centro de Biotecnologia, UFRGS , Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Jéssica Andrade Paes
- Laboratório de Genômica Estrutural e Funcional, Centro de Biotecnologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande Do Sul (UFRGS) , Porto Alegre, Brazil.,Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Celular e Molecular, Centro de Biotecnologia, UFRGS , Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Arnaldo Zaha
- Laboratório de Genômica Estrutural e Funcional, Centro de Biotecnologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande Do Sul (UFRGS) , Porto Alegre, Brazil.,Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Celular e Molecular, Centro de Biotecnologia, UFRGS , Porto Alegre, Brazil.,Laboratório de Biologia Molecular de Cestódeos, Centro de Biotecnologia, UFRGS , Porto Alegre, Brazil.,Departamento de Biologia Molecular e Biotecnologia, Instituto de Biociências, UFRGS , Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Henrique Bunselmeyer Ferreira
- Laboratório de Genômica Estrutural e Funcional, Centro de Biotecnologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande Do Sul (UFRGS) , Porto Alegre, Brazil.,Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Celular e Molecular, Centro de Biotecnologia, UFRGS , Porto Alegre, Brazil.,Laboratório de Biologia Molecular de Cestódeos, Centro de Biotecnologia, UFRGS , Porto Alegre, Brazil.,Departamento de Biologia Molecular e Biotecnologia, Instituto de Biociências, UFRGS , Porto Alegre, Brazil
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Tao Y, Shu J, Chen J, Wu Y, He Y. A concise review of vaccines against Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae. Res Vet Sci 2019; 123:144-152. [DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2019.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2018] [Revised: 12/17/2018] [Accepted: 01/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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3
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Arsenakis I, Michiels A, Del Pozo Sacristán R, Boyen F, Haesebrouck F, Maes D. Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae vaccination at or shortly before weaning under field conditions: a randomised efficacy trial. Vet Rec 2017; 181:19. [PMID: 28601840 DOI: 10.1136/vr.104075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/23/2017] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
This study assessed the efficacy of two different Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae vaccination programmes in relation to the time of weaning. Eight hundred and twenty-eight piglets were randomly divided into three groups: group V1 was vaccinated three days before weaning, group V2 at weaning (21 days of age) and group NV was left non-vaccinated. Vaccinations were performed using Ingelvac MycoFLEX. After the nursery period, 306 pigs were allocated to fattening unit (F1) and 501 pigs to a second unit (F2). Efficacy was evaluated using performance parameters and pneumonia lesions at slaughter. Statistically significant differences were obtained in F2 where group V1 had a higher average daily weight gain compared to groups V2 and NV for the entire study period (17 and 18 g/day, respectively) and the fattening period (26 and 36 g/day, respectively) (P<0.05). Considering respiratory disease scores for both fattening units, group V1 was the only group where coughing severity did not increase significantly between placement and the end of the fattening period (P>0.05). Between groups, there were no statistically significant differences for the average lung lesion scores (V1=3.44; V2=4.61; NV=4.55, P>0.05) and the prevalence of pneumonia (V1=35.0 per cent; V2=38.0 per cent; NV=41.4 per cent, P>0.05). Overall, vaccination against M hyopneumoniae before weaning provided numerically better performance than vaccination at weaning, but did not reach statistical significance. An influenza outbreak in F1 and the presence of coexisting mixed respiratory infections in both F1 and F2 could have possibly influenced the performance of both vaccinated groups across all measured parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Arsenakis
- Unit Porcine Health Management, Department of Reproduction, Obstetrics & Herd Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Salisburylaan 133, Merelbeke 9820, Belgium
| | - A Michiels
- Unit Porcine Health Management, Department of Reproduction, Obstetrics & Herd Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Salisburylaan 133, Merelbeke 9820, Belgium
| | - R Del Pozo Sacristán
- Unit Porcine Health Management, Department of Reproduction, Obstetrics & Herd Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Salisburylaan 133, Merelbeke 9820, Belgium
| | - F Boyen
- Department of Pathology, Bacteriology and Avian Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Salisburylaan 133, Merelbeke 9820, Belgium
| | - F Haesebrouck
- Department of Pathology, Bacteriology and Avian Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Salisburylaan 133, Merelbeke 9820, Belgium
| | - D Maes
- Unit Porcine Health Management, Department of Reproduction, Obstetrics & Herd Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Salisburylaan 133, Merelbeke 9820, Belgium
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Diseases Primarily Affecting the Reproductive System. Vet Med (Auckl) 2017. [PMCID: PMC7150237 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-7020-5246-0.00018-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Bourry O, Fablet C, Simon G, Marois-Créhan C. Efficacy of combined vaccination against Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae and porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus in dually infected pigs. Vet Microbiol 2015; 180:230-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2015.09.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2015] [Revised: 09/15/2015] [Accepted: 09/16/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Palzer A, Eddicks M, Zoels S, Stark J, Reese S, Strutzberg-Minder K, Fiebig K, Ritzmann M. Field evaluation of the efficacy, compatibility and serologic profiling of a combined vaccine against porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome and Haemophilus parasuis in nursery pigs. Prev Vet Med 2015; 119:134-40. [DOI: 10.1016/j.prevetmed.2015.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2014] [Revised: 02/04/2015] [Accepted: 03/07/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Charerntantanakul W. Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus vaccines: Immunogenicity, efficacy and safety aspects. World J Virol 2012; 1:23-30. [PMID: 24175208 PMCID: PMC3782261 DOI: 10.5501/wjv.v1.i1.23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 121] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2011] [Revised: 09/21/2011] [Accepted: 09/29/2011] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) infection is the leading cause of economic casualty in swine industry worldwide. The virus can cause reproductive failure, respiratory disease, and growth retardation in the pigs. This review deals with current status of commercial PRRS vaccines presently used to control PRRS. The review focuses on the immunogenicity, protective efficacy and safety aspects of the vaccines. Commercial PRRS modified-live virus (MLV) vaccine elicits delayed humoral and cell-mediated immune responses following vaccination. The vaccine confers late but effective protection against genetically homologous PRRSV, and partial protection against genetically heterologous virus. The MLV vaccine is of concern for its safety as the vaccine virus can revert to virulence and cause diseases. PRRS killed virus (KV) vaccine, on the other hand, is safe but confers limited protection against either homologous or heterologous virus. The KV vaccine yet helps reduce disease severity when administered to the PRRSV-infected pigs. Although efforts have been made to improve the immunogenicity, efficacy and safety of PRRS vaccines, a better vaccine is still needed in order to protect against PRRSV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wasin Charerntantanakul
- Wasin Charerntantanakul, Research Laboratory for Immunity Enhancement in Humans and Domestic Animals, Program of Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Maejo University, Chiang Mai 50290, Thailand
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Dekker CNT, Bouma A, Daemen AJJM, van Leengoed LAMG, Jonker FH, Wagenaar JA, Stegeman JA. Homologous whole bacterin vaccination is not able to reduce Streptococcus suis serotype 9 strain 7997 transmission among pigs or colonization. Vaccine 2011; 30:1379-87. [PMID: 22210137 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2011.12.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2011] [Revised: 11/06/2011] [Accepted: 12/05/2011] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Streptococcus suis (S. suis) is an important porcine pathogen worldwide, and antibiotics are often applied to treat or prevent clinical signs. Vaccination could be an alternative measure to reduce the abundant use of antimicrobials. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of vaccination with homologues whole bacterin vaccine containing S. suis serotype 9 strain 7997 on transmission of this serotype among pigs and on mucosal colonization. Caesarean derived, colostrum deprived pigs (N=50) were housed pair wise. Thirteen pairs were vaccinated intramuscularly with 2-3×10(9) colony forming units (CFU) inactivated S. suis serotype 9 per dose and α-tocopherolactetaat as adjuvant at 3 and 5 weeks of age; twelve pairs served as non-vaccinated controls. At 7 weeks of age, one pig of each pair was intranasally inoculated with 1-2×10(9)CFU of the homologues strain, whereas the other pig of each pair was contact-exposed. Tonsil brushings and saliva swabs were collected for 4 weeks, and tested for the presence of S. suis by bacteriological culture. No differences in number of S. suis in the tonsils or saliva samples or in clinical signs were observed between vaccinated and control pigs. In all pairs, transmission between inoculated and contact exposed pigs occurred, and no difference was observed in rate at which this occurred. The estimated transmission rate parameter β between vaccinated pigs was β(v)=5.27/day, and for non-vaccinated pigs β(nv)=2.77/day (P=0.18). It was concluded that vaccination against S. suis serotype 9 did not reduce transmission, nor colonization and that there were no indications that protection against clinical signs was induced.
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Affiliation(s)
- C N T Dekker
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Farm Animal Health, Utrecht University, P.O. Box 80.151, 3508 TD Utrecht, The Netherlands.
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Immunological solutions for treatment and prevention of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (PRRS). Vaccine 2011; 29:8192-204. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2011.09.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 167] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2011] [Revised: 08/31/2011] [Accepted: 09/06/2011] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Loving CL, Brockmeier SL, Vincent AL, Palmer MV, Sacco RE, Nicholson TL. Influenza virus coinfection with Bordetella bronchiseptica enhances bacterial colonization and host responses exacerbating pulmonary lesions. Microb Pathog 2010; 49:237-45. [DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2010.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2010] [Revised: 05/25/2010] [Accepted: 06/07/2010] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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