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Bovo S, Schiavo G, Ribani A, Utzeri VJ, Taurisano V, Ballan M, Muñoz M, Alves E, Araujo JP, Bozzi R, Charneca R, Di Palma F, Djurkin Kušec I, Etherington G, Fernandez AI, García F, García-Casco J, Karolyi D, Gallo M, Martins JM, Mercat MJ, Núñez Y, Quintanilla R, Radović Č, Razmaite V, Riquet J, Savić R, Škrlep M, Usai G, Zimmer C, Ovilo C, Fontanesi L. Describing variability in pig genes involved in coronavirus infections for a One Health perspective in conservation of animal genetic resources. Sci Rep 2021; 11:3359. [PMID: 33564056 PMCID: PMC7873263 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-82956-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2020] [Accepted: 01/25/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Coronaviruses silently circulate in human and animal populations, causing mild to severe diseases. Therefore, livestock are important components of a “One Health” perspective aimed to control these viral infections. However, at present there is no example that considers pig genetic resources in this context. In this study, we investigated the variability of four genes (ACE2, ANPEP and DPP4 encoding for host receptors of the viral spike proteins and TMPRSS2 encoding for a host proteinase) in 23 European (19 autochthonous and three commercial breeds and one wild boar population) and two Asian Sus scrofa populations. A total of 2229 variants were identified in the four candidate genes: 26% of them were not previously described; 29 variants affected the protein sequence and might potentially interact with the infection mechanisms. The results coming from this work are a first step towards a “One Health” perspective that should consider conservation programs of pig genetic resources with twofold objectives: (i) genetic resources could be reservoirs of host gene variability useful to design selection programs to increase resistance to coronaviruses; (ii) the described variability in genes involved in coronavirus infections across many different pig populations might be part of a risk assessment including pig genetic resources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuele Bovo
- Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences, Division of Animal Sciences, University of Bologna, Viale Fanin 46, 40127, Bologna, Italy
| | - Giuseppina Schiavo
- Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences, Division of Animal Sciences, University of Bologna, Viale Fanin 46, 40127, Bologna, Italy
| | - Anisa Ribani
- Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences, Division of Animal Sciences, University of Bologna, Viale Fanin 46, 40127, Bologna, Italy
| | - Valerio J Utzeri
- Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences, Division of Animal Sciences, University of Bologna, Viale Fanin 46, 40127, Bologna, Italy
| | - Valeria Taurisano
- Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences, Division of Animal Sciences, University of Bologna, Viale Fanin 46, 40127, Bologna, Italy
| | - Mohamad Ballan
- Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences, Division of Animal Sciences, University of Bologna, Viale Fanin 46, 40127, Bologna, Italy
| | - Maria Muñoz
- Departamento Mejora Genética Animal, Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria yAlimentaria (INIA), Crta. de la Coruña, km. 7, 5, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - Estefania Alves
- Departamento Mejora Genética Animal, Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria yAlimentaria (INIA), Crta. de la Coruña, km. 7, 5, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jose P Araujo
- Centro de Investigação de Montanha (CIMO), Instituto Politécnico de Viana do Castelo, Escola Superior Agrária, Refóios do Lima, 4990-706, Ponte de Lima, Portugal
| | - Riccardo Bozzi
- DAGRI - Animal Science Section, University of Florence, Via delle Cascine 5, 50144, Florence, Italy
| | - Rui Charneca
- MED - Mediterranean Institute for Agriculture, Environment and Development, Universidade de Évora, Pólo da Mitra, Apartado 94, 7006-554, Évora, Portugal
| | - Federica Di Palma
- Biodiversity School of Biological Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, Norfolk, NR47UH, UK
| | - Ivona Djurkin Kušec
- Faculty of Agrobiotechnical Sciences Osijek, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Vladimira Preloga 1, 31000, Osijek, Croatia
| | - Graham Etherington
- Earlham Institute, Norwich Research Park, Colney Lane, Norwich, Norfolk, NR47UZ, UK
| | - Ana I Fernandez
- Departamento Mejora Genética Animal, Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria yAlimentaria (INIA), Crta. de la Coruña, km. 7, 5, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - Fabián García
- Departamento Mejora Genética Animal, Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria yAlimentaria (INIA), Crta. de la Coruña, km. 7, 5, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - Juan García-Casco
- Departamento Mejora Genética Animal, Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria yAlimentaria (INIA), Crta. de la Coruña, km. 7, 5, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - Danijel Karolyi
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Zagreb, Svetošimunska c. 25, 10000, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Maurizio Gallo
- Associazione Nazionale Allevatori Suini (ANAS), Via Nizza 53, 00198, Rome, Italy
| | - José Manuel Martins
- MED - Mediterranean Institute for Agriculture, Environment and Development, Universidade de Évora, Pólo da Mitra, Apartado 94, 7006-554, Évora, Portugal
| | - Marie-José Mercat
- IFIP Institut du porc, La Motte au Vicomte, BP 35104, 35651, Le Rheu Cedex, France
| | - Yolanda Núñez
- Departamento Mejora Genética Animal, Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria yAlimentaria (INIA), Crta. de la Coruña, km. 7, 5, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - Raquel Quintanilla
- Programa de Genética y Mejora Animal, Institute for Research and Technology in Food and Agriculture (IRTA), Torre Marimon, 08140, Caldes de Montbui, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Čedomir Radović
- Department of Pig Breeding and Genetics, Institute for Animal Husbandry, 11080, Belgrade-Zemun, Serbia
| | - Violeta Razmaite
- Animal Science Institute, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Baisogala, Lithuania
| | - Juliette Riquet
- Génétique Physiologie et Systèmes d'Elevage (GenPhySE), Université de Toulouse, INRA, Chemin de Borde-Rouge 24, Auzeville Tolosane, 31326, Castanet Tolosan, France
| | - Radomir Savić
- Faculty of Agriculture, University of Belgrade, Nemanjina 6, 11080, Belgrade-Zemun, Serbia
| | - Martin Škrlep
- Kmetijski Inštitut Slovenije, Hacquetova 17, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Graziano Usai
- AGRIS SARDEGNA, Loc. Bonassai, 07100, Sassari, Italy
| | - Christoph Zimmer
- Bäuerliche Erzeugergemeinschaft Schwäbisch Hall, Schwäbisch Hall, Germany
| | - Cristina Ovilo
- Departamento Mejora Genética Animal, Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria yAlimentaria (INIA), Crta. de la Coruña, km. 7, 5, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - Luca Fontanesi
- Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences, Division of Animal Sciences, University of Bologna, Viale Fanin 46, 40127, Bologna, Italy.
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Pepin KM, Miller RS, Wilber MQ. A framework for surveillance of emerging pathogens at the human-animal interface: Pigs and coronaviruses as a case study. Prev Vet Med 2021; 188:105281. [PMID: 33530012 PMCID: PMC7839430 DOI: 10.1016/j.prevetmed.2021.105281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2020] [Revised: 11/09/2020] [Accepted: 01/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Pigs (Sus scrofa) may be important surveillance targets for risk assessment and risk-based control planning against emerging zoonoses. Pigs have high contact rates with humans and other animals, transmit similar pathogens as humans including CoVs, and serve as reservoirs and intermediate hosts for notable human pandemics. Wild and domestic pigs both interface with humans and each other but have unique ecologies that demand different surveillance strategies. Three fundamental questions shape any surveillance program: where, when, and how can surveillance be conducted to optimize the surveillance objective? Using theory of mechanisms of zoonotic spillover and data on risk factors, we propose a framework for determining where surveillance might begin initially to maximize a detection in each host species at their interface. We illustrate the utility of the framework using data from the United States. We then discuss variables to consider in refining when and how to conduct surveillance. Recent advances in accounting for opportunistic sampling designs and in translating serology samples into infection times provide promising directions for extracting spatio-temporal estimates of disease risk from typical surveillance data. Such robust estimates of population-level disease risk allow surveillance plans to be updated in space and time based on new information (adaptive surveillance) thus optimizing allocation of surveillance resources to maximize the quality of risk assessment insight.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kim M Pepin
- National Wildlife Research Center, Wildlife Services, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, United States Department of Agriculture, 4101 Laporte Ave., Fort Collins, CO, 80526, United States.
| | - Ryan S Miller
- Centers for Epidemiology and Animal Health, Veterinary Services, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, United States Department of Agriculture, 2150 Center Ave., Fort Collins, CO, 80526, United States
| | - Mark Q Wilber
- Ecology, Evolution, and Marine Biology, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA, 93106, United States
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