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Martínez-Gómez R, Valenzuela PL, Lucia A, Barranco-Gil D. Comparison of Different Recovery Strategies After High-Intensity Functional Training: A Crossover Randomized Controlled Trial. Front Physiol 2022; 13:819588. [PMID: 35185620 PMCID: PMC8850927 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.819588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2021] [Accepted: 01/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
We aimed to determine whether voluntary exercise or surface neuromuscular electrical stimulation (NMES) could enhance recovery after a high-intensity functional training (HIFT) session compared with total rest. The study followed a crossover design. Fifteen male recreational CrossFit athletes (29 ± 8 years) performed a HIFT session and were randomized to recover for 15 min with either low-intensity leg pedaling (“Exercise”), NMES to the lower limbs (“NMES”), or total rest (“Control”). Perceptual [rating of perceived exertion (RPE) and delayed-onset muscle soreness (DOMS) of the lower-limb muscles], physiological (heart rate, blood lactate and muscle oxygen saturation) and performance (jump ability) indicators of recovery were assessed at baseline and at different time points during recovery up to 24 h post-exercise. A significant interaction effect was found for RPE (p = 0.035), and although post hoc analyses revealed no significant differences across conditions, there was a quasi-significant (p = 0.061) trend toward a lower RPE with NMES compared with Control immediately after the 15-min recovery. No significant interaction effect was found for the remainder of outcomes (all p > 0.05). Except for a trend toward an improved perceived recovery with NMES compared with Control, low-intensity exercise, NMES, and total rest seem to promote a comparable recovery after a HIFT session.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Pedro L. Valenzuela
- Faculty of Sports Sciences, Universidad Europea de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Sport and Health, Spanish Agency for Health Protection in Sport (AEPSAD), Madrid, Spain
- Physical Activity and Health Research Group (PaHerg), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital ‘12 de Octubre’ (‘imas12’), Madrid, Spain
- *Correspondence: Pedro L. Valenzuela,
| | - Alejandro Lucia
- Faculty of Sports Sciences, Universidad Europea de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- Physical Activity and Health Research Group (PaHerg), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital ‘12 de Octubre’ (‘imas12’), Madrid, Spain
| | - David Barranco-Gil
- Faculty of Sports Sciences, Universidad Europea de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
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Barcala-Furelos R, González-Represas A, Rey E, Martínez-Rodríguez A, Kalén A, Marques O, Rama L. Is Low-Frequency Electrical Stimulation a Tool for Recovery after a Water Rescue? A Cross-Over Study with Lifeguards. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:ijerph17165854. [PMID: 32806727 PMCID: PMC7460120 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17165854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2020] [Revised: 07/26/2020] [Accepted: 08/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate the degree to which transcutaneous electrical stimulation (ES) enhanced recovery following a simulated water rescue. Twenty-six lifeguards participated in this study. The rescue consisted of swimming 100 m with fins and rescue-tube: 50 m swim approach and 50 m tow-in a simulated victim. Blood lactate clearance, rated perceived effort (RPE), and muscle contractile properties were evaluated at baseline, after the water rescue, and after ES or passive-recovery control condition (PR) protocol. Tensiomiography, RPE, and blood lactate basal levels indicated equivalence between both groups. There was no change in tensiomiography from pre to post-recovery and no difference between recovery protocols. Overall-RPE, legs-RPE and arms-RPE after ES (mean ± SD; 2.7 ± 1.53, 2.65 ± 1.66, and 2.30 ± 1.84, respectively) were moderately lower than after PR (3.57 ± 2.4, 3.71 ± 2.43, and 3.29 ± 1.79, respectively) (p = 0.016, p = 0.010, p = 0.028, respectively). There was a significantly lower blood lactate level after recovery in ES than in PR (mean ± SD; 4.77 ± 1.86 mmol·L-1 vs. 6.27 ± 3.69 mmol·L-1; p = 0.045). Low-frequency ES immediately after a water rescue is an effective recovery strategy to clear out blood lactate concentration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Barcala-Furelos
- REMOSS Research Group, Faculty of Education and Sport Sciences, University of Vigo, 36005 Pontevedra, Spain; (R.B.-F.); (A.K.)
- CLINURSID Network Research, Department of Psychiatry, Radiology and Public Health, University of Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Alicia González-Represas
- Department of Functional Biology and Health Sciences, Faculty of Physiotherapy, University of Vigo, 36005 Vigo, Spain;
| | - Ezequiel Rey
- REMOSS Research Group, Faculty of Education and Sport Sciences, University of Vigo, 36005 Pontevedra, Spain; (R.B.-F.); (A.K.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Alicia Martínez-Rodríguez
- Department of Physiotherapy, Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Universidade da Coruña, 15006 La Coruña, Spain;
| | - Anton Kalén
- REMOSS Research Group, Faculty of Education and Sport Sciences, University of Vigo, 36005 Pontevedra, Spain; (R.B.-F.); (A.K.)
| | - Olga Marques
- Faculty of Sports Sciences and Physical Education, University of Coimbra, 3040-156 Coimbra, Portugal; (O.M.); (L.R.)
- Research Unit for Sport and Physical Activity (CIDAF), 3040-156 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Luís Rama
- Faculty of Sports Sciences and Physical Education, University of Coimbra, 3040-156 Coimbra, Portugal; (O.M.); (L.R.)
- Research Unit for Sport and Physical Activity (CIDAF), 3040-156 Coimbra, Portugal
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The effect of neuromuscular electrical stimulation on function outcome measures following muscle fatigue: a systematic review. CURRENT ORTHOPAEDIC PRACTICE 2020. [DOI: 10.1097/bco.0000000000000889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Zaleska MT, Olszewski WL, Ziemba AW, Mikulski T. The Neglected Leg Lymphatic Vascular Changes in the Pathomechanism of Delayed Onset Muscle Soreness in Runners. Lymphat Res Biol 2019; 18:174-185. [PMID: 31503538 DOI: 10.1089/lrb.2019.0012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Delayed onset muscle soreness (DOMS) in runners is classified as a leg muscle strain injury and presents with tenderness or stiffness to palpation and movement limitation. Most attention is directed at muscles but not at the mass of other limb soft tissues, including their lymphatic vasculature, although they undergo mechanical stress and bruises, edema, nail destruction, and pains contributing to symptoms. Methods and Results: The study was done on lower limbs of long-distance runners suffering from DOMS complaints. There were 16 runners, 11 males and 5 females, age 22-28, practicing long-distance running over the last 5 years, with body mass index (BMI) 23 ± 4. Inclusion criteria: three to five marathon runs per year and daily 3-5 km slow runs. Last long distance run 3 to 7 days before the investigation. Controls were six subjects initiating running, of the same age group and BMI. Testing of blood and lymph flow was done before and after standard ergometer 300 W 30 minutes cycling. The measurement methods were leg and big toe venous plethysmography, big toe capillary Doppler, tonometry of skin and deep tissues, lymphoscintigraphy, and indocyanine green (ICG) fluorescent lymphography. (a) Strain gauge plethysmography of the calf and big toe revealed a two- to three-times higher venous capacity in runners than in controls, (b) the increased toe venous capacity was confirmed by point Doppler recordings showing two- to three-times higher blood capillary flow compared to controls, (c) lymphoscintigraphy revealed retention of tracer in feet, dilated superficial and deep lymphatics, and enlarged popliteal and inguinal lymph nodes, and (d) ICG lymphograms showed confluents of accumulated fluid in foot and calf subcutaneous tissue with fluorescence level reaching 40%-50% compared to 20% in controls. Conclusion: Our results show that, 3-5 days after run, not only muscles but also skin and subcutaneous tissue reveal major tissue fluid accumulation, an overload bringing about functional lymphatic transport insufficiency. This may be an additional factor responsible for DOMS symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marzanna T Zaleska
- Department of Applied Physiology, Mossakowski Medical Research Center, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Waldemar L Olszewski
- Department of Surgery, Central Clinical Hospital, Ministry of Internal Affairs, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Andrzej W Ziemba
- Department of Applied Physiology, Mossakowski Medical Research Center, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Tomasz Mikulski
- Department of Applied Physiology, Mossakowski Medical Research Center, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Since the introduction (in 2006) of commercially available portable wireless muscle oximeters, the use of muscle near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) technology is gaining in popularity as an application to observe changes in muscle metabolism and muscle oxygenation during and after exercise or training interventions in both laboratory and applied sports settings. OBJECTIVES The objectives of this systematic review were to highlight the application of muscle oximetry in evaluating oxidative skeletal muscle performance to sport activities and emphasize how this technology has been applied to exercise and training. METHODS Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines were followed in a systematic fashion to search, assess and synthesize existing literature on this topic. The Scopus and MEDLINE/PubMed electronic databases were searched to 1 March 2017. Potential inclusions were screened against eligibility criteria relating to recreationally trained to elite athletes, with or without training programs, who must have assessed physiological variables monitored by commercial oximeters or NIRS instrumentation. RESULTS Of the 14,609 identified records, only 57 studies met the eligibility criteria. This systematic review highlighted a number of key findings in 16 sporting activities. Overall, NIRS information can be used as a marker of skeletal muscle oxidative capacity and for analyzing muscle performance factors. CONCLUSIONS Although NIRS instrumentation is promising in evaluating oxidative skeletal muscle performance when used in sport settings, there is still the need for further instrumental development and randomized/longitudinal trials to support the detailed advantages of muscle oximetry utilization in sports science.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephane Perrey
- EuroMov, University of Montpellier, 34090, Montpellier, France.
| | - Marco Ferrari
- Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy
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Béliard S, Cassirame J, Ennequin G, Coratella G, Tordi N. The effects of a calf pump device on second half performance of a simulated soccer match in competitive youth players. J Sports Sci 2018; 37:708-716. [PMID: 30286704 DOI: 10.1080/02640414.2018.1522947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
During soccer matches, performance decrements have been reported that relate to both physical abilities and technical skills. To investigate the effects of low-frequency electrical stimulation LFES (VeinoplusSport®, Ad Rem Technology, France) administered during half-time recovery on performance alterations during the second half. Twenty-two highly trained young players undertook a soccer-match simulation (SAFT90). During half-time, they were randomly assigned to LFES group or Placebo group. Each half was split into 3 bouts of 12 minutes. Following each bout, maximal strike speed (MSS), sprint test (ST), maximal sprint accelerations (MA) and metabolic power (MP) were determined in both groups. Arterial (AF) and venous flows (VF) were measured at rest and at the end of half-time. LEFS group exhibited beneficial effects on performance compared to the Placebo group with a likely effect for MSS, ST, MA, and a possible effect for MP. AF and VF increased statistically more in LEFS group compared to Placebo group. The use of specific calf-pump LFES during half-time of a youth simulated soccer match attenuated the decrease in performance during the second half compared to Placebo group. This effect is most marked at the beginning of the second half with regards to explosive parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Béliard
- a PEPITE EA4267, Exercise Performance Hearth Innovation (EPHI) , Univ. Bourgogne Franche-Comté , Besançon , France.,b Service de Cardiologie, Angiologie , Centre Hospitalier Louis-Pasteur , Dole , France
| | - J Cassirame
- c EA4660, Laboratory Culture, Sport, Health, Society , University Bourgogne Franche-Comté , Besançon , France
| | - G Ennequin
- a PEPITE EA4267, Exercise Performance Hearth Innovation (EPHI) , Univ. Bourgogne Franche-Comté , Besançon , France
| | - G Coratella
- c EA4660, Laboratory Culture, Sport, Health, Society , University Bourgogne Franche-Comté , Besançon , France
| | - N Tordi
- a PEPITE EA4267, Exercise Performance Hearth Innovation (EPHI) , Univ. Bourgogne Franche-Comté , Besançon , France
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Govus AD, Andersson EP, Shannon OM, Provis H, Karlsson M, McGawley K. Commercially available compression garments or electrical stimulation do not enhance recovery following a sprint competition in elite cross-country skiers. Eur J Sport Sci 2018; 18:1299-1308. [DOI: 10.1080/17461391.2018.1484521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Andrew David Govus
- Swedish Winter Sports Research Centre, Department of Health Sciences, Mid Sweden University, Östersund, Sweden
| | - Erik Petrus Andersson
- Swedish Winter Sports Research Centre, Department of Health Sciences, Mid Sweden University, Östersund, Sweden
| | - Oliver Michael Shannon
- Human Nutrition Research Centre, Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Holly Provis
- Swedish Winter Sports Research Centre, Department of Health Sciences, Mid Sweden University, Östersund, Sweden
| | - Mathilda Karlsson
- Swedish Winter Sports Research Centre, Department of Health Sciences, Mid Sweden University, Östersund, Sweden
| | - Kerry McGawley
- Swedish Winter Sports Research Centre, Department of Health Sciences, Mid Sweden University, Östersund, Sweden
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Dupuy O, Douzi W, Theurot D, Bosquet L, Dugué B. An Evidence-Based Approach for Choosing Post-exercise Recovery Techniques to Reduce Markers of Muscle Damage, Soreness, Fatigue, and Inflammation: A Systematic Review With Meta-Analysis. Front Physiol 2018; 9:403. [PMID: 29755363 PMCID: PMC5932411 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2018.00403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 149] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2017] [Accepted: 04/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: The aim of the present work was to perform a meta-analysis evaluating the impact of recovery techniques on delayed onset muscle soreness (DOMS), perceived fatigue, muscle damage, and inflammatory markers after physical exercise. Method: Three databases including PubMed, Embase, and Web-of-Science were searched using the following terms: ("recovery" or "active recovery" or "cooling" or "massage" or "compression garment" or "electrostimulation" or "stretching" or "immersion" or "cryotherapy") and ("DOMS" or "perceived fatigue" or "CK" or "CRP" or "IL-6") and ("after exercise" or "post-exercise") for randomized controlled trials, crossover trials, and repeated-measure studies. Overall, 99 studies were included. Results: Active recovery, massage, compression garments, immersion, contrast water therapy, and cryotherapy induced a small to large decrease (-2.26 < g < -0.40) in the magnitude of DOMS, while there was no change for the other methods. Massage was found to be the most powerful technique for recovering from DOMS and fatigue. In terms of muscle damage and inflammatory markers, we observed an overall moderate decrease in creatine kinase [SMD (95% CI) = -0.37 (-0.58 to -0.16), I2 = 40.15%] and overall small decreases in interleukin-6 [SMD (95% CI) = -0.36 (-0.60 to -0.12), I2 = 0%] and C-reactive protein [SMD (95% CI) = -0.38 (-0.59 to-0.14), I2 = 39%]. The most powerful techniques for reducing inflammation were massage and cold exposure. Conclusion: Massage seems to be the most effective method for reducing DOMS and perceived fatigue. Perceived fatigue can be effectively managed using compression techniques, such as compression garments, massage, or water immersion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivier Dupuy
- Laboratoire MOVE (EA6314), Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Poitiers, Poitiers, France
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Borne R, Hausswirth C, Costello JT, Bieuzen F. Low-frequency electrical stimulation combined with a cooling vest improves recovery of elite kayakers following a simulated 1000-m race in a hot environment. Scand J Med Sci Sports 2015; 25 Suppl 1:219-28. [PMID: 25943673 DOI: 10.1111/sms.12392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/17/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
This study compared the effects of a low-frequency electrical stimulation (LFES; Veinoplus(®) Sport, Ad Rem Technology, Paris, France), a low-frequency electrical stimulation combined with a cooling vest (LFESCR ) and an active recovery combined with a cooling vest (ACTCR ) as recovery strategies on performance (racing time and pacing strategies), physiologic and perceptual responses between two sprint kayak simulated races, in a hot environment (∼32 wet-bulb-globe temperature). Eight elite male kayakers performed two successive 1000-m kayak time trials (TT1 and TT2), separated by a short-term recovery period, including a 30-min of the respective recovery intervention protocol, in a randomized crossover design. Racing time, power output, and stroke rate were recorded for each time trial. Blood lactate concentration, pH, core, skin and body temperatures were measured before and after both TT1 and TT2 and at mid- and post-recovery intervention. Perceptual ratings of thermal sensation were also collected. LFESCR was associated with a very likely effect in performance restoration compared with ACTCR (99/0/1%) and LFES conditions (98/0/2%). LFESCR induced a significant decrease in body temperature and thermal sensation at post-recovery intervention, which is not observed in ACTCR condition. In conclusion, the combination of LFES and wearing a cooling vest (LFESCR ) improves performance restoration between two 1000-m kayak time trials achieved by elite athletes, in the heat.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Borne
- Research Department, Laboratory of Sport, Expertise and Performance, French National Institute of Sport (INSEP), Paris, France
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