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Kyprianou E, Lolli L, Weston M, Gregson W. Inconsistent Effect of Psychometric-Scale Familiarization on the Relationship Between Ratings of Perceived Exertion and External Load Measures in Elite Youth Soccer Players. Int J Sports Physiol Perform 2023; 18:1254-1262. [PMID: 37648250 DOI: 10.1123/ijspp.2022-0428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2022] [Revised: 04/29/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To examine the moderating effect of familiarization on the relationship between external load and ratings of perceived exertion (RPEs) in elite youth soccer players. METHODS Thirty-five elite male youth soccer players were monitored over a 31-week period. Players had no previous experience using the centiMax scale (arbitrary units [AU]). The final sample included familiarized (blackness test; n = 20) and nonfamiliarized players (n = 15) with the Borg centiMax scale. Players recorded a global RPE and differential RPEs (dRPE) for breathlessness (RPE-B) and leg-muscle exertion (RPE-L) 15 to 30 minutes following training sessions and competitive matches. Separate multivariable-adjusted random-effects generalized additive models with restricted maximum likelihood quantified familiarization versus no-familiarization differences in actual perceived exertion score (in AU) by number of accelerations, decelerations, and high-speed running distance (in meters) as predictor variables, respectively. RESULTS Players improved their blackness test score from 39% to 78%. For explorations by number of accelerations, familiarization effects were not practically relevant for the RPE and RPE-B variables. The width and sign of the effects for the RPE-L variable at 30 efforts of 10 AU (95% CI, 4-16 AU) suggested that scores were lower for players who underwent familiarization versus players who did not. Familiarization effects were not practically relevant for any RPE variable irrespective of the number of deceleration efforts and high-speed running distance covered. CONCLUSION Improved performance on the blackness test did not have a moderating effect on the relationship between proxy measures of external load and RPEs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Efthymios Kyprianou
- Football Exchange, Research Institute of Sport Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, United Kingdom
- Department of Performance & Science, Houston Dynamo Football Club, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Lorenzo Lolli
- Department of Sport and Exercise Sciences, Institute of Sport, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Matthew Weston
- Department of Sport and Exercise Sciences, Institute of Sport, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, United Kingdom
- Institute for Sport, Physical Education and Health Science, Moray House School of Education and Sport, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Warren Gregson
- Department of Sport and Exercise Sciences, Institute of Sport, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, United Kingdom
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Antunes D, Borszcz FK, Nascimento EMF, Cavalheiro GP, Fischer G, Brickley G, de Lucas RD. Physiological and Perceptual Responses in Spinal Cord Injury Handcyclists During an Endurance Interval Training: The Role of Critical Speed. Am J Phys Med Rehabil 2022; 101:977-982. [PMID: 36104844 DOI: 10.1097/phm.0000000000001890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study sought to determine the physiological (oxygen uptake, heart rate, and blood lactate concentration) and perceptual (rating of perceived exertion) responses during an endurance interval training at the critical speed in elite handcyclists with spinal cord injury. DESIGN Eight handcyclists performed an incremental test, three tests to exhaustion at a constant speed to determine critical speed, and the endurance interval training. The endurance interval training consisted of 6 × 5 mins at the individualized critical speed, with passive recovery of 50 secs. All testing was performed using their own handcycles on an oversized motorized treadmill. Physiological and perceptual responses were assessed during the incremental and endurance interval training tests. RESULTS There was no significant difference in average oxygen uptake from the first to the sixth repetition. The mean ∆[La-]10_last between the 10th to the 30th minute of the exercise was -0.36 mmol·l-1, and no difference was detected from the first to the sixth repetition. The heart rate also remained stable during endurance interval training, whereas rating of perceived exertion increased significantly throughout the session. CONCLUSIONS Repetitions of 5 mins at the critical speed in elite handcyclists are associated with cardiorespiratory and lactate steady state, whereas the perceived exertion increased systematically.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego Antunes
- From the Sports Center, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Physical Effort Laboratory, Florianopolis, Brazil (DA, FKB, EMFN, GPC, GF, RDdL); and Center for Sport and Exercise Science and Medicine, University of Brighton, Eastbourne, United Kingdom (GB)
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Valentino SE, Hutchinson MJ, Goosey-Tolfrey VL, MacDonald MJ. The effects of perceptually regulated exercise training on cardiorespiratory fitness and peak power output in adults with spinal cord injury: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 2022; 103:1398-1409. [DOI: 10.1016/j.apmr.2022.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2021] [Revised: 02/22/2022] [Accepted: 03/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Todd KR, Van Der Scheer JW, Walsh JJ, Jackson GS, Dix GU, Little JP, Kramer JLK, Martin Ginis KA. The Impact of Sub-maximal Exercise on Neuropathic Pain, Inflammation, and Affect Among Adults With Spinal Cord Injury: A Pilot Study. FRONTIERS IN REHABILITATION SCIENCES 2021; 2:700780. [PMID: 36188763 PMCID: PMC9397724 DOI: 10.3389/fresc.2021.700780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2021] [Accepted: 09/29/2021] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Introduction: Persons with spinal cord injury (SCI) often report high levels of neuropathic pain (NP) and poor well-being, which may result from increased inflammation. This study examined the impact of sub-maximal aerobic exercise on NP, inflammation and psychological affect among adults with SCI. Methods: Eight active adults with tetraplegia (n-4, AIS A-C) and paraplegia (n = 4, AIS A-C) performed 30-min of arm-crank aerobic exercise and reported their ratings of perceived exertion (RPE) each minute. Measures of NP, affect, and inflammatory cytokines (IL-6, IL-10, IL-1ra, TNF-α) were taken pre-(T0), immediately post-(T1), and 90-min post-exercise (T2). Results: NP decreased between T0 and T1 for tetraplegics (-60%, d = 0.47; CI = -0.32, 2.02) and paraplegics (-16%, d = 0.15; CI = -0.30, 0.90). Correlations between change in cytokines and change in NP were medium-to large for tetraplegics (rs ranged from -0.820 to 0.965) and paraplegics (rs ranged from -0.598 to 0.833). However, the pattern of correlations between change in cytokines and affect was inconsistent between groups. Lower baseline levels of IL-1ra predicted greater decreases in NP immediately post-exercise (r = 0.83, p = 0.01). Conclusion: Sub-maximal exercise can positively impact NP for some persons with SCI. Further experimental research should identify the optimal exercise intensity to reduce NP for persons with SCI, in addition to understanding biomarkers which may predict changes in NP. Clinical Trial Registration: www.ClinicalTrials.gov, identifier NCT03955523.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kendra R. Todd
- Department of Kinesiology, University of British Columbia, Kelowna, BC, Canada
- International Collaboration on Repair Discoveries, Vancouver Coastal Health Research Institute, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Jan W. Van Der Scheer
- The Healthcare Improvement Studies Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Jeremy J. Walsh
- Department of Kinesiology, University of British Columbia, Kelowna, BC, Canada
- Department of Kinesiology, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Garett S. Jackson
- Department of Kinesiology, University of British Columbia, Kelowna, BC, Canada
| | - Gabriel U. Dix
- Department of Kinesiology, University of British Columbia, Kelowna, BC, Canada
- International Collaboration on Repair Discoveries, Vancouver Coastal Health Research Institute, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | | | - John L. K. Kramer
- International Collaboration on Repair Discoveries, Vancouver Coastal Health Research Institute, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Department of Anesthesiology, Pharmacology, and Therapeutics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Kathleen A. Martin Ginis
- Department of Kinesiology, University of British Columbia, Kelowna, BC, Canada
- International Collaboration on Repair Discoveries, Vancouver Coastal Health Research Institute, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Department of Medicine, Division of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Centre for Chronic Disease Prevention and Management, University of British Columbia, Kelowna, BC, Canada
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