1
|
Lines T, Orr P, Beardall J. Elevated co 2 has Differential Effects on Five Species of Microalgae from a Subtropical Freshwater Lake: Possible Implications for Phytoplankton Species Composition. JOURNAL OF PHYCOLOGY 2021; 57:324-334. [PMID: 33191502 DOI: 10.1111/jpy.13104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2019] [Accepted: 10/12/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Rising atmospheric CO2 concentrations are predicted to have a significant impact on global phytoplankton populations. Of particular interest in freshwater systems are those species that produce toxins or impact water quality, though evidence for how these species, and many others, will respond is limited. This study investigated the effects of elevated CO2 (1,000 ppm) relative to current atmospheric CO2 partial pressures (400 ppm), on growth, cell size, carbon acquisition, and photophysiology of five freshwater phytoplankton species including a toxic cyanophyte, Raphidiopsis raciborskii, from Lake Wivenhoe, Australia. Effects of elevated CO2 on growth rate varied between species; notably growth rate was considerably higher for Staurastrum sp. and significantly lower for Stichococcus sp. with a trend to lower growth rate for R. raciborskii. Surface area to volume ratio was significantly lower with elevated CO2 , for all species except Cyclotella sp. Timing of maximum cell concentrations of those genera studied in monoculture occurred in the lake in order of CO2 affinity when free CO2 concentrations dropped below air equilibrium. The results presented here suggest that as atmospheric levels of CO2 rise, R. raciborskii may become less of a problem to water quality, while some species of chlorophytes may become more dominant. This has implications for stakeholders of many freshwater systems.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Lines
- The University of Adelaide, Waite Campus, Glen Osmond, South Australia, 5064, Australia
| | - Philip Orr
- Australian Rivers Institute, Griffith University, 170 Kessels Rd, Nathan, Queensland, 4111, Australia
| | - John Beardall
- School of Biological Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, 3800, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Willis A, Chuang AW, Orr PT, Beardall J, Burford MA. Subtropical freshwater phytoplankton show a greater response to increased temperature than to increased pCO 2. HARMFUL ALGAE 2019; 90:101705. [PMID: 31806159 DOI: 10.1016/j.hal.2019.101705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2019] [Revised: 10/22/2019] [Accepted: 11/06/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Global increases in atmospheric CO2 and temperatures will impact aquatic systems, with freshwater habitats being affected. Some studies suggest that these conditions will promote cyanobacterial dominance. There is a need for a clearer picture of how algal species and strains within species will respond to higher temperatures and CO2, especially in combination. This study examined two chlorophytes (Monoraphidium and Staurastrum), and two strains of the cyanobacterium Raphidiopsis raciborskii (straight S07 and coiled C03), to determine how the combination of higher temperature and CO2 levels will affect their growth and maximum cell concentrations. Continuous cultures were used to compare the steady state cell concentrations at 28 °C and 30 °C, and CO2 partial pressures (pCO2), 400 and 750 ppm for all cultures, and in addition 1000 ppm at 28 °C for R. raciborskii strains. This study showed that, for all species, water temperature had a greater effect than higher pCO2 on cell concentrations. There were clear differences in response between the chlorophyte species, with Monoraphidium preferring 28 °C and Staurastrum preferring 30 °C. There were also differences in response of the R. raciborskii strains to increasing temperature and pCO2, with S07 having a greater increase in cell concentration. Genome analysis of R. raciborskii showed that the straight strain has five additional carbon acquisition genes (β-CA, chpY, cmpB, cmpD and NdhD4), indicative of increased carbon metabolism. These differences in the strains' response to elevated pCO2 will lead to changes in the species population structure and distribution in the water column. This study shows that it is important to examine the effects of both pCO2 and temperature, and to consider strain variation, to understand how species composition of natural systems may change under future climate conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anusuya Willis
- Australian Rivers Institute, Griffith University, Nathan Queensland 4111, Australia.
| | - Ann W Chuang
- Australian Rivers Institute, Griffith University, Nathan Queensland 4111, Australia
| | | | - John Beardall
- School of Biological Sciences, Monash University, Clayton Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Michele A Burford
- Australian Rivers Institute, Griffith University, Nathan Queensland 4111, Australia.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Lines T, Beardall J. Carbon acquisition characteristics of six microalgal species isolated from a subtropical reservoir: potential implications for species succession. JOURNAL OF PHYCOLOGY 2018; 54:599-607. [PMID: 30055070 DOI: 10.1111/jpy.12770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2017] [Accepted: 05/24/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
CO2 levels in freshwater systems can fluctuate widely, potentially influencing photosynthetic rates and growth of phytoplankton. Given the right conditions, this can lead to bloom formation and affect water quality. This study investigated the acquisition of dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) by six species of microalgae, a cyanobacterium Cylindrospermopsis raciborskii, the diatoms Cyclotella sp., Nitzschia sp., and the green algae Stichococcus sp., Staurastrum sp., and Monoraphidium sp., all isolated from a subtropical reservoir in Australia. Carbon acquisition characteristics, specifically the affinity for DIC, internal pH, and internal DIC concentrations were measured. Affinities for CO2 ( K0.5(CO2) ) ranged between 0.7 and 6 μM CO2 . This was considerably lower than air-equilibrated surface water CO2 concentrations, and below reported affinities for CO2 of RuBisCO suggesting operation of active carbon dioxide concentrating mechanisms (CCMs) in all species. Internal pH was lowest for Cyclotella sp. at 7.19, and highest for Staurastrum sp., at 7.71. At 180 μM external DIC, ratios of internal:external CO2 ranged from 2.5 for Nitzschia sp. to 14 in C. raciborskii. Internal HCO3- concentration showed a linear relationship with surface area to biovolume ratio (SA:Vol). We hypothesized that species with a higher SA:Vol suffer more from diffusive escape of CO2 , thus storage of DIC as bicarbonate is favored in these strains. For C. raciborskii, under stratified summer conditions, its strong CCM, and resilient photosynthetic characteristics may contribute to its bloom forming capacity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Lines
- School of Biological Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, 3800, Australia
| | - John Beardall
- School of Biological Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, 3800, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Pierangelini M, Ryšánek D, Lang I, Adlassnig W, Holzinger A. Terrestrial adaptation of green algae Klebsormidium and Zygnema (Charophyta) involves diversity in photosynthetic traits but not in CO 2 acquisition. PLANTA 2017; 246:971-986. [PMID: 28721563 PMCID: PMC5633629 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-017-2741-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2017] [Accepted: 07/09/2017] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
The basal streptophyte Klebsormidium and the advanced Zygnema show adaptation to terrestrialization. Differences are found in photoprotection and resistance to short-term light changes, but not in CO 2 acquisition. Streptophyte green algae colonized land about 450-500 million years ago giving origin to terrestrial plants. We aim to understand how their physiological adaptations are linked to the ecological conditions (light, water and CO2) characterizing modern terrestrial habitats. A new Klebsormidium isolate from a strongly acidic environment of a former copper mine (Schwarzwand, Austria) is investigated, in comparison to Klebsormidium cf. flaccidum and Zygnema sp. We show that these genera possess different photosynthetic traits and water requirements. Particularly, the Klebsormidium species displayed a higher photoprotection capacity, concluded from non-photochemical quenching (NPQ) and higher tolerance to high light intensity than Zygnema. However, Klebsormidium suffered from photoinhibition when the light intensity in the environment increased rapidly, indicating that NPQ is involved in photoprotection against strong and stable irradiance. Klebsormidium was also highly resistant to cellular water loss (dehydration) under low light. On the other hand, exposure to relatively high light intensity during dehydration caused a harmful over-reduction of the electron transport chain, leading to PSII damages and impairing the ability to recover after rehydration. Thus, we suggest that dehydration is a selective force shaping the adaptation of this species towards low light. Contrary to the photosynthetic characteristics, the inorganic carbon (C i ) acquisition was equivalent between Klebsormidium and Zygnema. Despite their different habitats and restriction to hydro-terrestrial environment, the three organisms showed similar use of CO2 and HCO3- as source of Ci for photosynthesis, pointing out a similar adaptation of their CO2-concentrating mechanisms to terrestrial life.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mattia Pierangelini
- Department of Botany, Functional Plant Biology, University of Innsbruck, 6020, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - David Ryšánek
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, Charles University in Prague, Benátská 2, 12801, Prague 2, Czech Republic
- Laboratory of Environmental Microbiology, Institute of Microbiology of the CAS, v. v. i., Průmyslová 595, 252 42, Vestec, Czech Republic
| | - Ingeborg Lang
- Faculty of Life Sciences, Core Facility Cell Imaging and Ultrastructure Research, University of Vienna, Althanstrasse 14, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Wolfram Adlassnig
- Faculty of Life Sciences, Core Facility Cell Imaging and Ultrastructure Research, University of Vienna, Althanstrasse 14, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Andreas Holzinger
- Department of Botany, Functional Plant Biology, University of Innsbruck, 6020, Innsbruck, Austria.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Vogt RJ, St-Gelais NF, Bogard MJ, Beisner BE, del Giorgio PA. Surface water CO2concentration influences phytoplankton production but not community composition across boreal lakes. Ecol Lett 2017; 20:1395-1404. [DOI: 10.1111/ele.12835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2017] [Revised: 07/27/2017] [Accepted: 08/10/2017] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Richard J. Vogt
- Department of Biological Sciences; University of Québec at Montréal; C.P. 8888 Succ. Centre-Ville Montréal QC H3C 3P8 Canada
| | - Nicolas F. St-Gelais
- Department of Biological Sciences; University of Québec at Montréal; C.P. 8888 Succ. Centre-Ville Montréal QC H3C 3P8 Canada
| | - Matthew J. Bogard
- Department of Biological Sciences; University of Québec at Montréal; C.P. 8888 Succ. Centre-Ville Montréal QC H3C 3P8 Canada
| | - Beatrix E. Beisner
- Department of Biological Sciences; University of Québec at Montréal; C.P. 8888 Succ. Centre-Ville Montréal QC H3C 3P8 Canada
| | - Paul A. del Giorgio
- Department of Biological Sciences; University of Québec at Montréal; C.P. 8888 Succ. Centre-Ville Montréal QC H3C 3P8 Canada
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Lachmann SC, Maberly SC, Spijkerman E. Ecophysiology matters: linking inorganic carbon acquisition to ecological preference in four species of microalgae (Chlorophyceae). JOURNAL OF PHYCOLOGY 2016; 52:1051-1063. [PMID: 27624741 DOI: 10.1111/jpy.12462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2015] [Accepted: 07/23/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The effect of CO2 supply is likely to play an important role in algal ecology. Since inorganic carbon (Ci ) acquisition strategies are very diverse among microalgae and Ci availability varies greatly within and among habitats, we hypothesized that Ci acquisition depends on the pH of their preferred natural environment (adaptation) and that the efficiency of Ci uptake is affected by CO2 availability (acclimation). To test this, four species of green algae originating from different habitats were studied. The pH-drift and Ci uptake kinetic experiments were used to characterize Ci acquisition strategies and their ability to acclimate to high and low CO2 conditions and high and low pH was evaluated. Results from pH drift experiments revealed that the acidophile and acidotolerant Chlamydomonas species were mainly restricted to CO2 , whereas the two neutrophiles were efficient bicarbonate users. CO2 compensation points in low CO2 -acclimated cultures ranged between 0.6 and 1.4 μM CO2 and acclimation to different culture pH and CO2 conditions suggested that CO2 concentrating mechanisms were present in most species. High CO2 acclimated cultures adapted rapidly to low CO2 condition during pH-drifts. Ci uptake kinetics at different pH values showed that the affinity for Ci was largely influenced by external pH, being highest under conditions where CO2 dominated the Ci pool. In conclusion, Ci acquisition was highly variable among four species of green algae and linked to growth pH preference, suggesting that there is a connection between Ci acquisition and ecological distribution.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Stephen C Maberly
- Lake Ecosystems Group, Centre for Ecology & Hydrology, Lancaster Environment Centre, Library Avenue, Lancaster, LA1 4AP, UK
| | - Elly Spijkerman
- Universität Potsdam, Am Neuen Palais 10, 14469, Potsdam, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
CO₂ alters community composition and response to nutrient enrichment of freshwater phytoplankton. Oecologia 2014; 177:875-883. [PMID: 25430043 DOI: 10.1007/s00442-014-3153-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2014] [Accepted: 11/10/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Nutrients can limit the productivity of ecosystems and control the composition of the communities of organisms that inhabit them. Humans are causing atmospheric CO2 concentrations to reach levels higher than those of the past millions of years while at the same time propagating eutrophication through the addition of nutrients to lakes and rivers. We studied the effect of elevated CO2 concentrations, nutrient addition and their interaction in a series of freshwater mesocosm experiments using a factorial design. Our results highlight the important role of CO2 in shaping phytoplankton communities and their response to nutrient addition. We found that CO2 greatly magnified the increase in phytoplankton growth caused by the increased availability of nutrients. Elevated CO2 also caused changes in phytoplankton community composition. As predicted from physiology and laboratory experiments, the taxonomic group that was most limited by current day CO2 concentrations, chlorophytes, increased in relative frequency at elevated CO2. This predictable change in community composition with changes in CO2 is not altered by changes in the availability of other nutrients.
Collapse
|
8
|
|
9
|
Maberly SC, Ball LA, Raven JA, Sültemeyer D. INORGANIC CARBON ACQUISITION BY CHRYSOPHYTES(1). JOURNAL OF PHYCOLOGY 2009; 45:1052-61. [PMID: 27032350 DOI: 10.1111/j.1529-8817.2009.00734.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Twelve species, representing 12 families of the chrysophytes sensu lato, were tested for their ability to take up inorganic carbon. Using the pH-drift technique, CO2 compensation points generally varied between 1 and 20 μmol · L(-1) with a mean concentration of 5 μmol · L(-1) . Neither pH nor alkalinity affected the CO2 compensation point. The concentration of oxygen had a relatively minor effect on CO2 -uptake kinetics, and the mean CO2 compensation point calculated from the kinetic curves was 3.6 μmol · L(-1) at 10-15 kPa starting oxygen partial pressure and 3.8 μmol · L(-1) at atmospheric starting oxygen partial pressure (21 kPa). Similarly, uptake kinetics were not affected by alkalinity, and hence concentration of bicarbonate. Membrane inlet mass spectrometry (MIMS) in the presence and absence of acetazolamide suggested that external carbonic anhydrase in Dinobryon sertularia Ehrenb. and Synura petersenii Korschikov was either very low or absent. Rates of net HCO3 (-) uptake were very low (∼5% of oxygen evolution) using MIMS and decreased rather than increased with increasing HCO3 (-) concentration, suggesting that it was not a real uptake. The CO2 compensation points determined by MIMS for CO2 uptake and oxygen evolution were similar to those determined in pH-drift and were >1 μmol · L(-1) . Overall, the results suggest that chrysophytes as a group lack a carbon-concentrating mechanism (CCM), or an ability to make use of bicarbonate as an alternative source of inorganic carbon. The possible evolutionary and ecological consequences of this are briefly discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stephen C Maberly
- Centre for Ecology & Hydrology, Lancaster Environment Centre, Library Avenue, Bailrigg, Lancaster, LA1 4AP, UKThe Freshwater Biological Association, The Ferry Landing, Far Sawrey, Ambleside, Cumbria, LA22 0LP, UKDivision of Plant Sciences, The University of Dundee at SCRI, Scottish Crop Research Institute, Invergowrie, Dundee, DD2 5DA, UKFachbereich Biologie, Technische Universität Kaiserslautern, D-67663 Kaiserslautner, Germany
| | - Lucy A Ball
- Centre for Ecology & Hydrology, Lancaster Environment Centre, Library Avenue, Bailrigg, Lancaster, LA1 4AP, UKThe Freshwater Biological Association, The Ferry Landing, Far Sawrey, Ambleside, Cumbria, LA22 0LP, UKDivision of Plant Sciences, The University of Dundee at SCRI, Scottish Crop Research Institute, Invergowrie, Dundee, DD2 5DA, UKFachbereich Biologie, Technische Universität Kaiserslautern, D-67663 Kaiserslautner, Germany
| | - John A Raven
- Centre for Ecology & Hydrology, Lancaster Environment Centre, Library Avenue, Bailrigg, Lancaster, LA1 4AP, UKThe Freshwater Biological Association, The Ferry Landing, Far Sawrey, Ambleside, Cumbria, LA22 0LP, UKDivision of Plant Sciences, The University of Dundee at SCRI, Scottish Crop Research Institute, Invergowrie, Dundee, DD2 5DA, UKFachbereich Biologie, Technische Universität Kaiserslautern, D-67663 Kaiserslautner, Germany
| | - Dieter Sültemeyer
- Centre for Ecology & Hydrology, Lancaster Environment Centre, Library Avenue, Bailrigg, Lancaster, LA1 4AP, UKThe Freshwater Biological Association, The Ferry Landing, Far Sawrey, Ambleside, Cumbria, LA22 0LP, UKDivision of Plant Sciences, The University of Dundee at SCRI, Scottish Crop Research Institute, Invergowrie, Dundee, DD2 5DA, UKFachbereich Biologie, Technische Universität Kaiserslautern, D-67663 Kaiserslautner, Germany
| |
Collapse
|