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Hamberg L, Saksa T, Hantula J. Role and function of Chondrostereum purpureum in biocontrol of trees. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2020; 105:431-440. [PMID: 33340337 PMCID: PMC7806553 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-020-11053-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2020] [Revised: 11/06/2020] [Accepted: 12/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Abstract A decay fungus, Chondrostereum purpureum (Pers. Ex Fr.) Pouzar, has been investigated in Europe, Northern America and New Zealand for its ability to decay hardwood stumps and thus prevent sprouting. The aim of these investigations has been to find an alternative to mechanical (cutting only) and chemical sprout control (cutting and applying chemicals to stumps in order to prevent sprouting). Mechanical sprout control is not an efficient option due to hardwood tree species’ ability to re-sprout efficiently after cutting, and therefore management costs are high. Chemicals would be efficient but due to their harmful effects on the environment, alternatives are needed. The fungal treatment, i.e., cutting accompanied with C. purpureum inoculum is an environmentally friendly and efficient option for sprout control. This mini-review comprises the role and function of C. purpureum in biocontrol of trees: the ecology of C. purpureum, its sprout control efficacy, factors affecting sprout control efficacy, devices in biological sprout control, potential risks, and the future perspectives of biological sprout control. Key points • A fungus Chondrostereum purpureum is efficient in preventing sprouting of hardwoods • C. purpureum is not sensitive to environmental conditions • Devices should be developed for cost-efficient biological sprout control
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Affiliation(s)
- Leena Hamberg
- Natural Resources Institute Finland, P.O. Box 2, (Latokartanonkaari 9), FI-00790, Helsinki, Finland.
| | - Timo Saksa
- Natural Resources Institute Finland, Juntintie 154, FI-77600, Suonenjoki, Finland
| | - Jarkko Hantula
- Natural Resources Institute Finland, P.O. Box 2, (Latokartanonkaari 9), FI-00790, Helsinki, Finland
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Hamberg L, Saarinen VM, Rantala M, Hantula J, Seiskari P, Saksa T. Rainstorm effects on the biocontrol efficacy of the decay fungus Chondrostereum purpureum against birch sprouting in boreal forests. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2020; 104:5107-5117. [PMID: 32242263 PMCID: PMC7228963 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-020-10574-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2020] [Revised: 03/02/2020] [Accepted: 03/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Abstract In forest regeneration areas, alongside roads and railways, under electric power lines and above gas pipe lines, there is a need for regular sprout control. A biocontrol method against broadleaved sprouting with formulations including the decay fungus Chondrostereum purpureum (Pers. Ex Fr.) Pouzar has been shown to be effective. Yet, heavy rain during spreading of this fungal inoculum on freshly cut stumps may affect the efficacy of the treatment, i.e., stump mortality during the following years. Thus, we performed an experiment where freshly cut birch stump surfaces (Betula pendula Roth and Betula pubescens Ehrh.) were treated with fungal inoculum under heavy irrigation and without it. Furthermore, two different adjuvants which aimed to fix the fungal inoculum to freshly cut stumps during irrigation and to protect against solar radiation were tested. Our results revealed that the artificial rainstorm treatment caused a delay in the efficacy of C. purpureum, but after three growing seasons, there was no significant difference in the mortality of birch stumps treated under irrigation or without it (stump mortalities 74 and 86%, respectively). Adjuvants did not improve the efficacy in stumps treated under irrigation nor in those treated without irrigation. Key Points • Heavy rain delayed the sprout control efficacy of a fungus Chondrostereum purpureum. • Final efficacy of formulations was the same in wet and dry conditions. • No additional adjuvants are needed to improve formulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leena Hamberg
- Natural Resources Institute Finland, Latokartanonkaari 9, FI-00790, Helsinki, Finland.
| | - Veli-Matti Saarinen
- Natural Resources Institute Finland (Luke), Juntintie 154, FI-77600, Suonenjoki, Finland
| | - Markku Rantala
- Natural Resources Institute Finland, Latokartanonkaari 9, FI-00790, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jarkko Hantula
- Natural Resources Institute Finland, Latokartanonkaari 9, FI-00790, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Pekka Seiskari
- Verdera Ltd, P.O. Box 5, Kurjenkellontie 5 B, FI-02270, Espoo, Finland
| | - Timo Saksa
- Natural Resources Institute Finland (Luke), Juntintie 154, FI-77600, Suonenjoki, Finland
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Hamberg L, de la Bastide P, Hintz W, Shamoun SF, Brandtberg M, Hantula J. Interfertility and genetic variability among European and North American isolates of the basidiomycete fungus Chondrostereum purpureum. Fungal Biol 2018; 122:659-667. [PMID: 29880201 DOI: 10.1016/j.funbio.2018.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2017] [Revised: 03/09/2018] [Accepted: 03/20/2018] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
The conspecificity of Finnish and western Canadian isolates of the decay fungus Chondrostereum purpureum was investigated by several approaches, including the assessment of genetic variability, mating and progeny analysis, and the analysis of selected phenotypic traits. Eight second-generation single spore strains per fungal isolate pairing were investigated with specific genetic markers developed for both Finnish and Canadian parental isolates. Tests of linkage disequilibrium were used to analyze whether these markers assorted independently among single spore strains. This procedure was similarly applied to the third-generation spore progeny. Finally, global non-metric multidimensional scaling was used to analyze independent random amplified microsatellite marker data to assess the genetic variability of the parental Finnish and Canadian isolates, and their second- and third-generation progeny. Our results revealed that the parental isolates from Finland and western Canada were genetically divergent, but no interfertility barriers were identified between these geographically distant fungi. Furthermore, parental genetic markers used in mating studies demonstrated that second- and third-generation spore progenies underwent normal meiosis and genetic recombination without linkage disequilibrium. Based on this work, the studied C. purpureum isolates from Finland and Canada can be considered as belonging to a single biological species, although genetic and limited phenotypic differentiation was observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leena Hamberg
- Natural Resources Institute Finland, P.O. Box 2 (Latokartanonkaari 9), FI-00790, Helsinki, Finland.
| | - Paul de la Bastide
- Department of Biology, Centre for Forest Biology, University of Victoria, P.O. Box 1700, STN CSC, Victoria, BC, V8W 2Y2, Canada.
| | - Will Hintz
- Department of Biology, Centre for Forest Biology, University of Victoria, P.O. Box 1700, STN CSC, Victoria, BC, V8W 2Y2, Canada.
| | - Simon Francis Shamoun
- Natural Resources Canada, Canadian Forest Service, Pacific Forestry Centre, 506 West Burnside Road, Victoria, BC, V8Z 1M5, Canada.
| | - Marina Brandtberg
- Verdera Ltd., P.O. Box 5, Kurjenkellontie 5 B, FI-02270, Espoo, Finland.
| | - Jarkko Hantula
- Natural Resources Institute Finland, P.O. Box 2 (Latokartanonkaari 9), FI-00790, Helsinki, Finland.
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Zhou L, Bailey K, Chen C, Keri M. Molecular and genetic analyses of geographic variation in isolates ofPhoma macrostomaused for biological weed control. Mycologia 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/15572536.2006.11832792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Mario Keri
- Saskatoon Research Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, 107 Science Place, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada S7N 0X2
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Gosselin L, Jobidon R, Bernier L. Genetic variability and structure of Canadian populations ofChondrostereum purpureum, a potential biophytocide. Mol Ecol 2008. [DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-294x.1999.00543.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lyne Gosselin
- Centre de recherche en biologie forestière, Faculté de foresterie et de géomatique, Université Laval, Cité universitaire, Québec, Canada, G1K 7P4,
| | - Robert Jobidon
- Centre de recherche en biologie forestière, Faculté de foresterie et de géomatique, Université Laval, Cité universitaire, Québec, Canada, G1K 7P4,
- Ministère des Ressources naturelles du Québec, 2700 Rue Einstein, Sainte‐Foy, Québec, Canada, G1P 3W8
| | - Louis Bernier
- Centre de recherche en biologie forestière, Faculté de foresterie et de géomatique, Université Laval, Cité universitaire, Québec, Canada, G1K 7P4,
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Becker EM, Bastide PYDL, Hintz WE. A retrotransposon-like element and its occurrence in British Columbia populations of Chondrostereum purpureum. Fungal Genet Biol 2004; 41:921-9. [PMID: 15341914 DOI: 10.1016/j.fgb.2004.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2003] [Accepted: 07/08/2004] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Repetitive DNA elements discovered in the basidiomycete Chondrostereum purpureum were characterized and validated for use as genetic markers. Regions of these marker sequences were similar to retrotransposon and retrotransposon-like sequences, as indicated by BLAST searches of NCBI databases. These sequences occur in multiple DNA fragments of variable length in a given C. purpureum isolate, and thus can serve as strain-specific genetic markers. The segregation of the markers within a progeny set demonstrated their stability through meiosis. The population structure of C. purpureum was assessed using the markers. There was no evidence of a barrier to gene flow between C. purpureum populations separated by 1400 km and no indication of population sub-structuring based on host or geographical source of isolate. Repetitive fragments were amplified from four other species, suggesting the occurrence of these retrotransposon-like elements in other basidiomycetes and the potential utility of these markers for other fungi.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa M Becker
- Department of Biology, The Centre for Forest Biology, University of Victoria, P.O. Box 3020, Victoria, BC, Canada V8W 3N5.
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Williams HL, Tang Y, Hintz WE. Endopolygalacturonase is encoded by a multigene family in the basidiomycete Chondrostereum purpureum. Fungal Genet Biol 2002; 36:71-83. [PMID: 12051896 DOI: 10.1016/s1087-1845(02)00005-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
The basidiomycete Chondrostereum purpureum produces several plant cell wall-degrading enzymes, including endopolygalacturonase (endoPG). Degenerate oligonucleotide primers were designed according to conserved regions of endoPG genes from various fungi, plants, and bacteria and used to amplify members of this gene family from C. purpureum. Four different amplification products showed significant similarity to known endoPGs and were used as hybridization probes to screen a library of genomic DNA sequences and to retrieve five full-length endoPG genes (epgA, epgB1, epgB2, epgC, and epgD). The identities between the deduced polypeptides for epgA, epgB1, epgC, and epgD ranged from 61.8 to 80.0%, while the deduced polypeptides for epgB1 and epgB2 shared 97.1% identity. Phylogenetic analysis suggested that the duplication of existing endoPG genes occurred after the divergence of the ascomycetes and basidiomycetes. C. purpureum is the first basidiomycete fungus for which the endoPG gene family has been described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Holly L Williams
- Department of Biology, University of Victoria, P.O. Box 3020, Victoria, BC, Canada V8W 3N5
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STENLID J, VASILIAUSKAS R. Genetic diversity within and among vegetative compatibility groups ofStereum sanguinolentumdetermined by arbitrary primed PCR. Mol Ecol 2002. [DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-294x.1998.00437.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- J. STENLID
- Department of Forest Mycology and Pathology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Box 7026, S‐750 07 Uppsala, Sweden, Department of Plant Protection, Lithuanian University of Agriculture, LT‐4324 Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - R. VASILIAUSKAS
- Department of Forest Mycology and Pathology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Box 7026, S‐750 07 Uppsala, Sweden, Department of Plant Protection, Lithuanian University of Agriculture, LT‐4324 Kaunas, Lithuania
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Biological weed control with pathogens: Search for candidates to applications. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2002. [DOI: 10.1016/s1874-5334(02)80013-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
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James TY, Moncalvo JM, Li S, Vilgalys R. Polymorphism at the ribosomal DNA spacers and its relation to breeding structure of the widespread mushroom Schizophyllum commune. Genetics 2001; 157:149-61. [PMID: 11139499 PMCID: PMC1461461 DOI: 10.1093/genetics/157.1.149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The common split-gilled mushroom Schizophyllum commune is found throughout the world on woody substrates. This study addresses the dispersal and population structure of this fungal species by studying the phylogeny and evolutionary dynamics of ribosomal DNA (rDNA) spacer regions. Extensive sampling (n = 195) of sequences of the intergenic spacer region (IGS1) revealed a large number of unique haplotypes (n = 143). The phylogeny of these IGS1 sequences revealed strong geographic patterns and supported three evolutionarily distinct lineages within the global population. The same three geographic lineages were found in phylogenetic analysis of both other rDNA spacer regions (IGS2 and ITS). However, nested clade analysis of the IGS1 phylogeny suggested the population structure of S. commune has undergone recent changes, such as a long distance colonization of western North America from Europe as well as a recent range expansion in the Caribbean. Among all spacer regions, variation in length and nucleotide sequence was observed between but not within the tandem rDNA repeats (arrays). This pattern is consistent with strong within-array and weak among-array homogenizing forces. We present evidence for the suppression of recombination between rDNA arrays on homologous chromosomes that may account for this pattern of concerted evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Y James
- Department of Botany, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708-0338, USA.
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