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Lin CH, Chen YJ, Lin MW, Chang HJ, Yang XR, Lin CS. ACE2 and a Traditional Chinese Medicine Formula NRICM101 Could Alleviate the Inflammation and Pathogenic Process of Acute Lung Injury. MEDICINA (KAUNAS, LITHUANIA) 2023; 59:1554. [PMID: 37763673 PMCID: PMC10533189 DOI: 10.3390/medicina59091554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2023] [Revised: 08/18/2023] [Accepted: 08/24/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023]
Abstract
COVID-19 is a highly transmittable respiratory illness caused by SARS-CoV-2, and acute lung injury (ALI) is the major complication of COVID-19. The challenge in studying SARS-CoV-2 pathogenicity is the limited availability of animal models. Therefore, it is necessary to establish animal models that can reproduce multiple characteristics of ALI to study therapeutic applications. The present study established a mouse model that has features of ALI that are similar to COVID-19 syndrome to investigate the role of ACE2 and the administration of the Chinese herbal prescription NRICM101 in ALI. Mice with genetic modifications, including overexpression of human ACE2 (K18-hACE2 TG) and absence of ACE2 (mACE2 KO), were intratracheally instillated with hydrochloric acid. The acid intratracheal instillation induced severe immune cell infiltration, cytokine storms, and pulmonary disease in mice. Compared with K18-hACE2 TG mice, mACE2 KO mice exhibited dramatically increased levels of multiple inflammatory cytokines (IL-6 and TNF-α) in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid, histological evidence of lung injury, and dysregulation of MAPK and MMP activation. In mACE2 KO mice, NRICM101 could ameliorate the disease progression of acid-induced ALI. In conclusion, the established mouse model provided an effective platform for researchers to investigate pathological mechanisms and develop therapeutic strategies for ALI, including COVID-19-related ALI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng-Han Lin
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 30068, Taiwan; (C.-H.L.); (Y.-J.C.); (H.-J.C.); (X.-R.Y.)
| | - Yi-Ju Chen
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 30068, Taiwan; (C.-H.L.); (Y.-J.C.); (H.-J.C.); (X.-R.Y.)
| | - Meng-Wei Lin
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 30068, Taiwan; (C.-H.L.); (Y.-J.C.); (H.-J.C.); (X.-R.Y.)
| | - Ho-Ju Chang
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 30068, Taiwan; (C.-H.L.); (Y.-J.C.); (H.-J.C.); (X.-R.Y.)
| | - Xin-Rui Yang
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 30068, Taiwan; (C.-H.L.); (Y.-J.C.); (H.-J.C.); (X.-R.Y.)
| | - Chih-Sheng Lin
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 30068, Taiwan; (C.-H.L.); (Y.-J.C.); (H.-J.C.); (X.-R.Y.)
- Center for Intelligent Drug Systems and Smart Bio-Devices (IDS2B), National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 30068, Taiwan
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 30068, Taiwan
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da Silva MC, dos Santos VM, da Silva MVB, Prazeres TCMM, Cartágenes MDSS, Calzerra NTM, de Queiroz TM. Involvement of shedding induced by ADAM17 on the nitric oxide pathway in hypertension. Front Mol Biosci 2022; 9:1032177. [PMID: 36310604 PMCID: PMC9614329 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2022.1032177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Accepted: 10/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
A Disintegrin and Metalloprotease 17 (ADAM17), also called tumor necrosis factor-ɑ (TNF-ɑ) convertase (TACE), is a well-known protease involved in the sheddase of growth factors, chemokines and cytokines. ADAM17 is also enrolled in hypertension, especially by shedding of angiotensin converting enzyme type 2 (ACE2) leading to impairment of angiotensin 1–7 [Ang-(1–7)] production and injury in vasodilation, induction of renal damage and cardiac hypertrophy. Activation of Mas receptor (MasR) by binding of Ang-(1–7) induces an increase in the nitric oxide (NO) gaseous molecule, which is an essential factor of vascular homeostasis and blood pressure control. On the other hand, TNF-ɑ has demonstrated to stimulate a decrease in nitric oxide bioavailability, triggering a disrupt in endothelium-dependent vasorelaxation. In spite of the previous studies, little knowledge is available about the involvement of the metalloprotease 17 and the NO pathways. Here we will provide an overview of the role of ADAM17 and Its mechanisms implicated with the NO formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mirelly Cunha da Silva
- Laboratory of Nutrition, Physical Activity and Phenotypic Plasticity, Federal University of Pernambuco, Vitória de Santo Antão, Brazil
| | - Vanessa Maria dos Santos
- Laboratory of Nutrition, Physical Activity and Phenotypic Plasticity, Federal University of Pernambuco, Vitória de Santo Antão, Brazil
| | - Matheus Vinícius B. da Silva
- Laboratory of Nutrition, Physical Activity and Phenotypic Plasticity, Federal University of Pernambuco, Vitória de Santo Antão, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Thyago Moreira de Queiroz
- Laboratory of Nutrition, Physical Activity and Phenotypic Plasticity, Federal University of Pernambuco, Vitória de Santo Antão, Brazil
- *Correspondence: Thyago Moreira de Queiroz,
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Agarwal P, Agarwal R. Trabecular meshwork ECM remodeling in glaucoma: could RAS be a target? Expert Opin Ther Targets 2018; 22:629-638. [PMID: 29883239 DOI: 10.1080/14728222.2018.1486822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Disturbances of extracellular matrix (ECM) homeostasis in trabecular meshwork (TM) cause increased aqueous outflow resistance leading to elevated intraocular pressure (IOP) in glaucomatous eyes. Therefore, restoration of ECM homeostasis is a rational approach to prevent disease progression. Since renin-angiotensin system (RAS) inhibition positively alters ECM homeostasis in cardiovascular pathologies involving pressure and volume overload, it is likely that RAS inhibitors reduce IOP primarily by restoring ECM homeostasis. Areas covered: Current evidence showing the presence of RAS components in ocular tissue and its role in regulating aqueous humor dynamics is briefly summarized. The role of RAS in ECM remodeling is discussed both in terms of its effects on ECM synthesis and its breakdown. The mechanisms of ECM remodeling involving interactions of RAS with transforming growth factor-β, Wnt/β-catenin signaling, bone morphogenic proteins, connective tissue growth factor, and matrix metalloproteinases in ocular tissue are discussed. Expert opinion: Current literature strongly indicates a significant role of RAS in ECM remodeling in TM of hypertensive eyes. Hence, IOP-lowering effect of RAS inhibitors may primarily be attributed to restoration of ECM homeostasis in aqueous outflow pathways rather than its vascular effects. However, the mechanistic targets for RAS inhibitors have much wider distribution and consequences, which remain relatively unexplored in TM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Puneet Agarwal
- a Department of Ophthalmology , International Medical University, IMU Clinical School , Seremban , Malaysia
| | - Renu Agarwal
- b Universiti Teknologi MARA, Faculty of Medicine , UiTM Sg Buloh Campus , Sungai Buloh , Selangor , Malaysia
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Li H, Mao Y, Zhang Q, Han Q, Man Z, Zhang J, Wang X, Hu R, Zhang X, Irwin DM, Niu G, Tan H. Xinmailong mitigated epirubicin-induced cardiotoxicity via inhibiting autophagy. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2016; 192:459-470. [PMID: 27586823 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2016.08.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2015] [Revised: 07/19/2016] [Accepted: 08/20/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Using insects, such as the cockroach, for the treatment of disease has a long history in traditional Chinese medicine. Xinmailong (XML) Injection, a bioactive composite extracted from Periplaneta americana (a species of cockroach), shows reasonable protective effects against cardiovascular injury and was approved for the use in the treatment of cardiac dysfunction in 2006, yet its cardio protective mechanisms remain unclear. AIM The present study aims to examine the protective effects of XML against epirubicin-induced cardiotoxicity in vivo and determine its underlying mechanisms. MATERIALS AND METHODS The chemical characteristics of XML were identified using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Rats were intraperitoneally injected with epirubicin and then treated with XML for 14 days. Survival rate, echocardiography, electrocardiographic recordings and Masson staining were used to evaluate the cardioprotective activity of XML. Western blot and quantitative real time reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) analyses were used to investigate the molecular mechanisms underlying the actions of XML. RESULTS XML treatment significantly enhanced the survival rate of rats from epirubicin-induced heart failure. XML prevented left ventricle dilatation, improved cardiac function. Furthermore, treatment with XML also significantly inhibited the accumulation of collagen, reduced the levels of mRNA for matrix metalloproteinases-9 (Mmp9) and transforming growth factor-β 1(Tgfb1). This action of XML therefore might be responsible, at least in part, for the attenuation of cardiac fibrotic remodeling. XML inhibited autophagy as evidenced by the decreased accumulation of Beclin1 and autophagy related 7 (Atg7), which are necessary to form autophagosome structures. Protein kinase B (PKB/Akt), phosphatidylinositol 3 kinase (PI3K) and B cell lymphoma2 (Bcl2) levels were up-regulated, while significantly decreased protein levels for phosphorylated P38 and extracellular regulated protein kinases 1/2 (Erk1/2) were observed in the XML treated rats. The autophagy related results suggested that the increase in PI3K/Akt levels and inhibition of the phosphorylation of P38 MAPK and Erk1/2 contributed to the anti-autophagic activity of XML. CONCLUSIONS Our data suggest that XML may be effective for mitigating epirubicin-induced cardiomyopathy and inhibits autophagy via activating the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway and inhibiting the Erk1/2 and P38 MAPK signaling pathways.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Autophagy
- Cardiotonic Agents/pharmacology
- Cardiotoxicity
- Collagen/metabolism
- Disease Models, Animal
- Drugs, Chinese Herbal/pharmacology
- Epirubicin
- Extracellular Signal-Regulated MAP Kinases/metabolism
- Fibrosis
- Gene Expression Regulation
- Heart Diseases/chemically induced
- Heart Diseases/metabolism
- Heart Diseases/pathology
- Heart Diseases/prevention & control
- Hypertrophy, Left Ventricular/metabolism
- Hypertrophy, Left Ventricular/physiopathology
- Hypertrophy, Left Ventricular/prevention & control
- Male
- Matrix Metalloproteinase 9/genetics
- Matrix Metalloproteinase 9/metabolism
- Myocardium/metabolism
- Myocardium/pathology
- Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinase/metabolism
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt/metabolism
- RNA, Messenger/genetics
- RNA, Messenger/metabolism
- Rats, Sprague-Dawley
- Signal Transduction/drug effects
- Stroke Volume/drug effects
- Time Factors
- Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinases/genetics
- Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinases/metabolism
- Transforming Growth Factor beta1/genetics
- Transforming Growth Factor beta1/metabolism
- Ventricular Dysfunction, Left/metabolism
- Ventricular Dysfunction, Left/physiopathology
- Ventricular Dysfunction, Left/prevention & control
- Ventricular Function, Left/drug effects
- Ventricular Remodeling/drug effects
- p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases/metabolism
- Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinase-4
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Li
- Department of Pharmacology, Peking University, Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Yiqing Mao
- Department of Pharmacology, Peking University, Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Qun Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, Peking University, Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Qing Han
- Department of Pharmacology, Peking University, Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Zhenming Man
- Department of Pharmacology, Peking University, Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Jingyu Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, Peking University, Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Xi Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, Peking University, Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Ruobi Hu
- Department of Pharmacology, Peking University, Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Xuehui Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, Peking University, Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China
| | - David M Irwin
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5S 1A8.
| | - Gang Niu
- Beijing N&N Genetech Company Ltd., Beijing 100082, China.
| | - Huanran Tan
- Department of Pharmacology, Peking University, Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China.
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Hung YH, Hsieh WY, Hsieh JS, Liu FC, Tsai CH, Lu LC, Huang CY, Wu CL, Lin CS. Alternative Roles of STAT3 and MAPK Signaling Pathways in the MMPs Activation and Progression of Lung Injury Induced by Cigarette Smoke Exposure in ACE2 Knockout Mice. Int J Biol Sci 2016; 12:454-65. [PMID: 27019629 PMCID: PMC4807164 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.13379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2015] [Accepted: 01/02/2016] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Inflammation-mediated abnormalities in the renin-angiotensin system (RAS) and expression of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are implicated in the pathogenesis of lung injury. Angiotensin converting enzyme II (ACE2), an angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) homologue that displays antagonist effects on ACE/angiotensin II (Ang II) axis, could also play a protective role against lung diseases. However, the relationship between ACE2 and MMPs activation in lung injury is still largely unclear. The purpose of this study is to investigate whether MMPs activity could be affected by ACE2 and which ACE2 derived signaling pathways could be also involved via using a mouse model with lung injury induced by cigarette smoke (CS) exposure for 1 to 3 weeks. Wild-type (WT; C57BL/6) and ACE2 KO mice (ACE2-/-) were utilized to study CS-induced lung injury. Increases in the resting respiratory rate (RRR), pulmonary immunokines, leukocyte infiltration and bronchial hyperplasia were observed in the CS-exposed mice. Compared to WT mice, more serious physiopathological changes were found in ACE2-/- mice in the first week of CS exposure. CS exposure increased pulmonary ACE and ACE2 activities in WT mice, and significantly increased ACE in ACE2-/- mice. Furthermore, the activity of pulmonary MMPs was decreased in CS-exposed WT mice, whereas this activity was increased in ACE2-/- mice. CS exposure increased the pulmonary p-p38, p-JNK and p-ERK1/2 level in all mice. In ACE2-/- mice, a significant increase p-STAT3 signaling was detected; however, no effect was observed on the p-STAT3 level in WT mice. Our results support the hypothesis that ACE2 deficiency influences MMPs activation and STAT3 phosphorylation signaling to promote more pulmonary inflammation in the development of lung injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Han Hung
- 1. Department of Biological Science and Technology, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan; 2. Department of Medical Research, Mackay Memorial Hospital, Tamsui, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Yeh Hsieh
- 3. Division of Chest Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Mackay Memorial Hospital, Hsinchu, Taiwan; 4. Department of Senior Citizen Service Management , Minghsin University of Science and Technology, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Jih-Sheng Hsieh
- 1. Department of Biological Science and Technology, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Fon-Chang Liu
- 1. Department of Biological Science and Technology, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Chin-Hung Tsai
- 1. Department of Biological Science and Technology, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Li-Che Lu
- 1. Department of Biological Science and Technology, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan; 5. Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Shin Kong Wu Ho-Su Memorial Hospital, Taiwan
| | - Chen-Yi Huang
- 3. Division of Chest Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Mackay Memorial Hospital, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Liang Wu
- 6. Division of Chest Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Mackay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Sheng Lin
- 1. Department of Biological Science and Technology, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
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Yao M, Wang X, Wang X, Zhang T, Chi Y, Gao F. The Notch pathway mediates the angiotensin II-induced synthesis of extracellular matrix components in podocytes. Int J Mol Med 2015; 36:294-300. [PMID: 25902289 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2015.2193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2014] [Accepted: 04/15/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The Notch pathway is known to contribute to the development of glomerular disease. Angiotensin II (Ang II), an important member of the renin-angiotensin system, stimulates the accumulation of extracellular matrix components in glomerular disease; however, the exact mechanisms involved remain to be elucidated. In the present study, we aimed to investigate the effects of the Notch pathway on the synthesis of extracellular matrix components in Ang II-stimulated podocytes. Mouse podocytes were stimulated with Ang II (10-6 mol/l). The activation of the Notch pathway was inhibited by a vector carrying short hairpin RNA (shRNA) targeting Notch1 (sh-Notch1) or by γ-secretase inhibitor (GSI). The protein levels of Notch1, Notch intracellular domain 1 (NICD1), hairy and enhancer of split-1 (Hes1), matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-2, MMP-9, transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1), type IV collagen and laminin were determined by western blot analysis. The Notch1, Hes1, MMP-2, MMP-9, TGF-β1, type IV collagen and laminin mRNA levels were detected by RT-PCR. The MMP-2 and MMP-9 activity was measured using a cell active fluorescence assay kit. The levels of TGF-β1, type IV collagen and laminin were determined in the culture medium of the podocytes by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Our results revealed that Ang II upregulated Notch1, NICD1, Hes1, TGF-β1, type IV collagen and laminin expression and downregulated MMP-2 and MMP-9 expression in the cultured podocytes. The inhibition of the Notch pathway by sh-Notch1 or GSI increased MMP-2 and MMP-9 expression, decreased the TGF-β1 level and suppressed type IV collagen and laminin expression. The inhibition of the Notch pathway by sh-Notch1 or GSI also increased MMP-2 and MMP-9 activity, and decreased TGF-β1 levels, type IV collagen levels and laminin secretion. These findings indicate that the Notch pathway potentially mediates the Ang II-induced synthesis of extracellular matrix components in podocytes through the regulation of MMPs and TGF-β1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Yao
- Department of Pathology, Τhe Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050051, P.R. China
| | - Xiaomei Wang
- Department of Pathology, Τhe Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050051, P.R. China
| | - Xiaomeng Wang
- Department of Pathology, Τhe Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050051, P.R. China
| | - Tao Zhang
- Department of Nephrology, Τhe Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050051, P.R. China
| | - Yanqing Chi
- Department of Nephrology, Τhe Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050051, P.R. China
| | - Feng Gao
- Department of Pathology, Τhe Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050051, P.R. China
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