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Purification and Characterization of a Novel Thermostable Papain Inhibitor from Moringa oleifera with Antimicrobial and Anticoagulant Properties. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:pharmaceutics13040512. [PMID: 33917878 PMCID: PMC8068210 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13040512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2021] [Revised: 03/31/2021] [Accepted: 04/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Plant cystatins (or phytocystatins) comprise a large superfamily of natural bioactive small proteins that typically act as protein inhibitors of papain-like cysteine proteases. In this report, we present the purification and characterization of the first phytocystatin isolated from Moringa oleifera (MoPI). MoPI has a molecular mass of 19 kDa and showed an extraordinary physicochemical stability against acidic pHs and high temperatures. Our findings also revealed that MoPI is one of the most potent cysteine protease inhibitors reported to date, with Ki and IC50 values of 2.1 nM and 5.7 nM, respectively. More interestingly, MoPI presents a strong antimicrobial activity against human pathogens such as Enterococcus faecalis and Staphylococcus aureus. In addition, MoPI also showed important anticoagulant activity, which is an unprecedented property for this family of protease inhibitors. These results highlight the pharmaceutical potential of this plant and its derived bioactive molecules.
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Lima AM, Barros NLF, Freitas ACO, Tavares LSC, Pirovani CP, Siqueira AS, Gonçalves EC, de Souza CRB. A new Piper nigrum cysteine proteinase inhibitor, PnCPI, with antifungal activity: molecular cloning, recombinant expression, functional analyses and molecular modeling. PLANTA 2020; 252:16. [PMID: 32661769 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-020-03425-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2020] [Accepted: 07/08/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
A new Piper nigrum cysteine proteinase inhibitor, PnCPI, belonging to group I of phytocystatins, with inhibitory activity against papain and growth of Fusarium solani f. sp. piperis, was isolated and characterized. Previous studies (de Souza et al. 2011) have identified a partial cDNA sequence of putative cysteine proteinase inhibitor differentially expressed in roots of black pepper (P. nigrum L.) infected by F. solani f. sp. piperis. Here, we aimed to isolate the full-length cDNA and genomic sequences of the P. nigrum cysteine proteinase inhibitor gene, named PnCPI. Sequence analyses showed that the PnCPI gene encodes a deduced protein of 108 amino acid residues with a predicted molecular mass of 12.3 kDa and isoelectric point of 6.51. Besides the LARFAV-like sequence, common to all phytocystatins, PnCPI contains three conserved motifs of the superfamily cystatin: a glycine residue at the N-terminal region, the QxVxG reactive site more centrally positioned, and one tryptophan in the C-terminal region. PnCPI, belonging to group I of phytocystatins, showed high identity with cystatins isolated from several plant species. Sequence analyses also revealed no putative signal peptide at the N-terminal of PnCPI, as well as no introns within the genomic sequence corresponding to the PnCPI coding region. Molecular modeling showed the ability of PnCPI to interact with papain, while its inhibitory activity against this protease was confirmed after heterologous expression in Escherichia coli. The effects of heat treatments on the inhibitory activity of recombinant PnCPI, rPnCPI, were evaluated. In addition, rPnCPI exhibited in vitro activity against F. solani f. sp. piperis, revealing a new cystatin with the potential antifungal application. The identification of PnCPI as a functional cystatin able to inhibit the in vitro growth of F. solani f. sp. piperis indicates other factors contributing to in vivo susceptibility of black pepper to root rot disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aline Medeiros Lima
- Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém, PA, 66075-110, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Genética e Biologia Molecular, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém, PA, 66075-110, Brazil
- Universidade Federal Rural da Amazônia, Tomé-Açu, PA, 68680-000, Brazil
| | - Nicolle Louise Ferreira Barros
- Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém, PA, 66075-110, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Genética e Biologia Molecular, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém, PA, 66075-110, Brazil
| | - Ana Camila Oliveira Freitas
- Laboratório de Proteômica, Centro de Biotecnologia e Genética, Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz, Rodovia Jorge Amado, Km 16, Ilhéus, BA, 45662-900, Brazil
| | | | - Carlos Priminho Pirovani
- Laboratório de Proteômica, Centro de Biotecnologia e Genética, Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz, Rodovia Jorge Amado, Km 16, Ilhéus, BA, 45662-900, Brazil
| | - Andrei Santos Siqueira
- Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém, PA, 66075-110, Brazil
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Siddiqui S, Siddiqui MF, Khan S, Bano B. Insight into the biochemical characterization of phytocystatin from Glycine max and its interaction with Cd +2 and Ni +2. J Mol Recognit 2019; 32:e2787. [PMID: 31180171 DOI: 10.1002/jmr.2787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2019] [Revised: 04/22/2019] [Accepted: 04/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Phytocystatins are cysteine proteinase inhibitors ubiquitously present in plants and animals. They are known to carry out various significant physiological functions and also maintain the balance of protease-antiprotease activity. In the present disquisition, a phytocystatin after preliminary treatment has been isolated and purified to homogeneity from soybean (Glycine max) by a simple two-step stratagem using ammonium sulfate fractionation and gel filtration chromatography performed on Sephacryl S-100-HR. Soybean phytocystatin (SBPC) was purified with a fold purification of 635 and percent yield of 77.6%. A single band was observed on native gel electrophoresis confirming the homogeneity of the purified SBPC. The molecular weight of SBPC was found to be 19.05 kDa as determined by SDS-PAGE. The SBPC was found to be devoid of carbohydrate moieties and sulfhydryl group content. The binding stoichiometry of SBPC-papain interaction was determined by isothermal calorimetry suggesting 1:1 complex, and the value of binding constant (K) was found to be 2.78 × 105 M-1 The affinity of binding (Kd ) value obtained through ITC was 3.59 × 10-6 M. The purified SBPC was found to be stable in the pH range of 3 to 7 and is thermostable up to 50°C. The UV-visible and fluorescence studies showed significant changes in the conformation upon the formation of the SBPC-papain complex. Furthermore, fluorescence spectroscopy, ANS binding, and caseinolytic activity assay were conducted out to explore the effect of metal ions on SBPC which showed that there was a loss in the inhibitory activity along with conformational changes of SBPC upon complex formation with Cd+2 and Ni+2 .
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharmin Siddiqui
- Department of Biochemistry, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Mohd Faizan Siddiqui
- Department of Biochemistry, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Shumaila Khan
- Department of Biochemistry, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Bilqees Bano
- Department of Biochemistry, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, Uttar Pradesh, India
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Melo IRS, Dias LP, Araújo NMS, Vasconcelos IM, Martins TF, de Morais GA, Gonçalves JFC, Nagano CS, Carneiro RF, Oliveira JTA. ClCPI, a cysteine protease inhibitor purified from Cassia leiandra seeds has antifungal activity against Candida tropicalis by inducing disruption of the cell surface. Int J Biol Macromol 2019; 133:1115-1124. [PMID: 31034905 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2019.04.174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2019] [Revised: 04/17/2019] [Accepted: 04/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Infections caused by Candida tropicalis have increased significantly worldwide in parallel with resistance to antifungal drugs. To overcome resistance novel drugs have to be discovered. The objective of this work was to purify and characterize a cysteine protease inhibitor from the seeds of the Amazon rainforest tree Cassia leiandra and test its inhibitory effect against C. tropicalis growth. The inhibitor, named ClCPI, was purified after ion exchange and affinity chromatography followed by ultrafiltration. ClCPI is composed of a single polypeptide chain and is not a glycoprotein. The molecular mass determined by SDS-PAGE in the absence or presence of β-mercaptoethanol and ESI-MS were 16.63 kDa and 18.362 kDa, respectively. ClCPI was stable in the pH range of 7.0-9.0 and thermostable up to 60 °C for 20 min. ClCPI inhibited cysteine proteases, but not trypsin, chymotrypsin neither alpha-amylase. Inhibition of papain was uncompetitive with a Ki of 4.1 × 10-7 M and IC50 of 8.5 × 10-7 M. ClCPI at 2.6 × 10-6 M reduced 50% C. tropicalis growth. ClCPI induced damages and morphological alterations in C. tropicalis cell surface, which led to death. These results suggest that ClCPI have great potential for the development of an antifungal drug against C. tropicalis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivna R S Melo
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Science Center, Federal University of Ceara (UFC), Fortaleza, CE 60020-181, Brazil
| | - Lucas P Dias
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Science Center, Federal University of Ceara (UFC), Fortaleza, CE 60020-181, Brazil.
| | - Nadine M S Araújo
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Science Center, Federal University of Ceara (UFC), Fortaleza, CE 60020-181, Brazil
| | - Ilka M Vasconcelos
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Science Center, Federal University of Ceara (UFC), Fortaleza, CE 60020-181, Brazil
| | - Thiago F Martins
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Science Center, Federal University of Ceara (UFC), Fortaleza, CE 60020-181, Brazil
| | | | | | - Celso S Nagano
- Department of Fisher Engineering, Center of Agricultural Sciences, UFC, Science Center, UFC, Fortaleza, CE 60020-181, Brazil
| | - Rômulo F Carneiro
- Department of Fisher Engineering, Center of Agricultural Sciences, UFC, Science Center, UFC, Fortaleza, CE 60020-181, Brazil
| | - Jose T A Oliveira
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Science Center, Federal University of Ceara (UFC), Fortaleza, CE 60020-181, Brazil.
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Insight into the functional and structural transition of garlic phytocystatin induced by urea and guanidine hydrochloride: A comparative biophysical study. Int J Biol Macromol 2018; 106:20-29. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2017.07.172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2017] [Revised: 07/20/2017] [Accepted: 07/29/2017] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
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Khan S, Khan NA, Bano B. In-sights into the effect of heavy metal stress on the endogenous mustard cystatin. Int J Biol Macromol 2017; 105:1138-1147. [PMID: 28754626 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2017.07.146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2017] [Revised: 06/04/2017] [Accepted: 07/24/2017] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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Siddiqui AA, Khaki PSS, Bano B. Interaction of almond cystatin with pesticides: Structural and functional analysis. J Mol Recognit 2016; 30. [DOI: 10.1002/jmr.2586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2016] [Revised: 09/06/2016] [Accepted: 09/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Azad Alam Siddiqui
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of life Sciences; Aligarh Muslim University; Aligarh India
| | | | - Bilqees Bano
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of life Sciences; Aligarh Muslim University; Aligarh India
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