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Vargas-Foitzick R, García-Ordenes B, Iratchet D, Acuña A, Alcayaga S, Fernández C, Toledo K, Rodríguez M, Naranjo C, Bustamante R, Haeger PA. Exercise reduces physical alterations in a rat model of fetal alcohol spectrum disorders. Biol Res 2024; 57:41. [PMID: 38907274 PMCID: PMC11193177 DOI: 10.1186/s40659-024-00520-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Accepted: 06/04/2024] [Indexed: 06/23/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prenatal alcohol exposure (PAE) has serious physical consequences for children such as behavioral disabilities, growth disorders, neuromuscular problems, impaired motor coordination, and decreased muscle tone. However, it is not known whether loss of muscle strength occurs, and which interventions will effectively mitigate physical PAE impairments. We aimed to investigate whether physical alteration persists during adolescence and whether exercise is an effective intervention. RESULTS Using paradigms to evaluate different physical qualities, we described that early adolescent PAE animals have significant alterations in agility and strength, without alterations in balance and coordination compared to CTRL animals. We evaluated the effectiveness of 3 different exercise protocols for 4 weeks: Enrichment environment (EE), Endurance exercise (EEX), and Resistance exercise (REX). The enriched environment significantly improved the strength in the PAE group but not in the CTRL group whose strength parameters were maintained even during exercise. Resistance exercise showed the greatest benefits in gaining strength, and endurance exercise did not. CONCLUSION PAE induced a significant decrease in strength compared to CTRL in PND21. Resistance exercise is the most effective to reverse the effects of PAE on muscular strength. Our data suggests that individualized, scheduled, and supervised training of resistance is more beneficial than endurance or enriched environment exercise for adolescents FASD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ronald Vargas-Foitzick
- Carrera de Kinesiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Católica del Norte, Coquimbo, Chile
- Departamento de Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Católica del Norte, Coquimbo, Chile
| | - Bayron García-Ordenes
- Carrera de Kinesiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Católica del Norte, Coquimbo, Chile
- Núcleo de Investigación en Prevención y Tratamiento de Enfermedades Crónicas no Transmisibles (NiPTEC), Universidad Católica del Norte, Coquimbo, Chile
| | - Donovan Iratchet
- Carrera de Kinesiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Católica del Norte, Coquimbo, Chile
| | - Angie Acuña
- Carrera de Kinesiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Católica del Norte, Coquimbo, Chile
| | - Spencer Alcayaga
- Carrera de Kinesiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Católica del Norte, Coquimbo, Chile
| | - Cristian Fernández
- Carrera de Kinesiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Católica del Norte, Coquimbo, Chile
| | - Karla Toledo
- Carrera de Kinesiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Católica del Norte, Coquimbo, Chile
| | - Marianela Rodríguez
- Carrera de Kinesiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Católica del Norte, Coquimbo, Chile
| | - Carolina Naranjo
- Departamento de Ciencias Clínicas, Universidad Católica del Norte, Coquimbo, Chile
| | - René Bustamante
- Carrera de Kinesiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Católica del Norte, Coquimbo, Chile
- Departamento de Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Católica del Norte, Coquimbo, Chile
- Núcleo de Investigación en Prevención y Tratamiento de Enfermedades Crónicas no Transmisibles (NiPTEC), Universidad Católica del Norte, Coquimbo, Chile
| | - Paola A Haeger
- Departamento de Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Católica del Norte, Coquimbo, Chile.
- Núcleo de Investigación en Prevención y Tratamiento de Enfermedades Crónicas no Transmisibles (NiPTEC), Universidad Católica del Norte, Coquimbo, Chile.
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Truong L, Chen YW, Barrere-Cain R, Levenson MT, Shuck K, Xiao W, da Veiga Beltrame E, Panter B, Reich E, Sternberg PW, Yang X, Allard P. Single-nucleus resolution mapping of the adult C. elegans and its application to elucidate inter- and trans-generational response to alcohol. Cell Rep 2023; 42:112535. [PMID: 37227821 PMCID: PMC10592506 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2023.112535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2022] [Revised: 03/16/2023] [Accepted: 05/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Single-cell transcriptomic platforms provide an opportunity to map an organism's response to environmental cues with high resolution. Here, we applied single-nucleus RNA sequencing (snRNA-seq) to establish the tissue and cell type-resolved transcriptome of the adult C. elegans and characterize the inter- and trans-generational transcriptional impact of ethanol. We profiled the transcriptome of 41,749 nuclei resolving into 31 clusters, representing a diverse array of adult cell types including syncytial tissues. Following exposure to human-relevant doses of alcohol, several germline, striated muscle, and neuronal clusters were identified as being the most transcriptionally impacted at the F1 and F3 generations. The effect on germline clusters was confirmed by phenotypic enrichment analysis as well as by functional validation, which revealed a remarkable inter- and trans-generational increase in germline apoptosis, aneuploidy, and embryonic lethality. Together, snRNA-seq represents a valuable approach for the detailed examination of an adult organism's response to environmental exposures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Truong
- Human Genetics Graduate Program, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Yen-Wei Chen
- Molecular Toxicology Inter-Departmental Program, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Rio Barrere-Cain
- Institute for Society & Genetics, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Max T Levenson
- Molecular Toxicology Inter-Departmental Program, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Karissa Shuck
- Institute for Society & Genetics, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Wen Xiao
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Molecular Genetics, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | | | - Blake Panter
- Institute for Society & Genetics, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Ella Reich
- Institute for Society & Genetics, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Paul W Sternberg
- Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
| | - Xia Yang
- Integrative Biology and Physiology Department, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Patrick Allard
- Molecular Toxicology Inter-Departmental Program, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; Institute for Society & Genetics, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; Molecular Biology Institute, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.
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Yamaguchi Y, Greiner C, Lee SC, Ryuno H, Yen HY, Lin CF, Lee TI, Lee PH. Lifestyle factors associated with muscle quality in community-dwelling older people with type 2 diabetes in Japan and Taiwan: a cross-sectional study. Psychogeriatrics 2022; 22:736-742. [PMID: 35853561 DOI: 10.1111/psyg.12878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2022] [Revised: 06/24/2022] [Accepted: 06/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), common in older people, is an important reason for muscle loss in Japanese and Taiwanese populations. However, little is known about the association between lifestyle behaviours and muscle quality. We aimed to compare the lifestyle behaviours of Japanese and Taiwanese older adults with T2DM and to the identify lifestyle factors associated with muscle quality. METHODS This cross-sectional study was conducted among community-dwelling individuals with T2DM aged ≥65 years in Taiwan and Japan. Totally, 114 Japanese and 226 Taiwanese participants were enrolled in the study. Outcomes were measured by blood biochemical examinations, body composition analyses and structured self-reported questionnaires to assess lifestyle behaviours and muscle quality. Linear regression models were used to examine the relationship between lifestyle factors and muscle quality using SPSS version 27.0 with a statistical significance level of P < 0.05. RESULTS Japanese subjects were more likely to be smokers and alcohol consumers, and they were less likely to have well-balanced diets and engage in more physical activity as compared to Taiwanese subjects. The muscle quality in the Japanese subjects was significantly poorer than that in the Taiwanese subjects. Physical activity, dietary habits and smoking were associated with muscle quality, after adjusting for age, gender and body mass index. CONCLUSIONS Physical activity of insufficient intensity, unhealthy dietary habits and smoking could be risk factors for poor muscle quality. These findings can contribute to the development of effective strategies to improve muscle quality in community-dwelling older Asian people with T2DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuko Yamaguchi
- Department of Nursing, Kobe University Graduate School of Health Sciences, Kobe, Japan
| | - Chieko Greiner
- Department of Nursing, Kobe University Graduate School of Health Sciences, Kobe, Japan
| | - Shu-Chun Lee
- School of Gerontology Health Management, College of Nursing, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hirochika Ryuno
- Department of Nursing, Kobe University Graduate School of Health Sciences, Kobe, Japan
| | - Hsin-Yen Yen
- School of Gerontology Health Management, College of Nursing, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chiou-Fen Lin
- School of Gerontology Health Management, College of Nursing, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ting-I Lee
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Pi-Hsia Lee
- School of Nursing, College of Nursing, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
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Maurage P, Bollen Z, Masson N, D'Hondt F. A review of studies exploring fetal alcohol spectrum disorders through eye tracking measures. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2020; 103:109980. [PMID: 32470497 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2020.109980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2019] [Revised: 01/10/2020] [Accepted: 05/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
The widespread cognitive and cerebral consequences of prenatal alcohol exposure have been established during the last decades, through the exploration of fetal alcohol spectrum disorders (FASD) using neuropsychological and neuroscience tools. This research field has recently benefited from the emergence of innovative measures, among which eye tracking, allowing a precise measure of the eye movements indexing a large range of cognitive functions. We propose a comprehensive review, based on PRISMA guidelines, of the eye tracking studies performed in populations with FASD. Studies were selected from the PsycINFO, PubMed and Scopus databases, and were evaluated through a standardized methodological quality assessment. Studies were classified according to the eye tracking indexes recorded (saccade characteristics, initial fixation, number of fixations, dwell time, gaze pattern) and the process measured (perception, memory, executive functions). Eye tracking data showed that FASD are mostly associated with impaired ocular perceptive/motor abilities (i.e., altered eye movements, centrally for saccade initiation), lower accuracy as well as increased error rates in saccadic eye movements involving working memory abilities, and reduced inhibitory control on saccades. After identifying the main limitations presented by the reviewed studies, we propose guidelines for future research, underlining the need to increase the standardization of diagnosis and evaluation tools, and to improve the methodological quality of eye tracking measures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierre Maurage
- Louvain for Experimental Psychopathology Research Group, Psychological Sciences Research Institute, UCLouvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium.
| | - Zoé Bollen
- Louvain for Experimental Psychopathology Research Group, Psychological Sciences Research Institute, UCLouvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium.
| | - Nicolas Masson
- Numerical Cognition Group, Psychological Sciences Research Institute and Neuroscience Institute, Université Catholique de Louvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium.
| | - Fabien D'Hondt
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, U1172 - Lille Neuroscience & Cognition, Lille, France; CHU Lille, Clinique de Psychiatrie, Unité CURE, Lille, France; Centre National de Ressources et de Résilience Lille-Paris (CN2R), Lille, France.
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Scepanovic G, Stewart BA. Analysis of Drosophila nervous system development following an early, brief exposure to ethanol. Dev Neurobiol 2019; 79:780-793. [PMID: 31472090 DOI: 10.1002/dneu.22718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2019] [Revised: 07/22/2019] [Accepted: 08/27/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
The effects of ethanol on neural function and development have been studied extensively, motivated in part by the addictive properties of alcohol and the neurodevelopmental deficits that arise in children with fetal alcohol spectrum disorder (FASD). Absent from this research area is a genetically tractable system to study the effects of early ethanol exposure on later neurodevelopmental and behavioral phenotypes. Here, we used embryos of the fruit fly, Drosophila melanogaster, as a model system to investigate the neuronal defects that arise after an early exposure to ethanol. We found several disruptions of neural development and morphology following a brief ethanol exposure during embryogenesis and subsequent changes in larval behavior. Altogether, this study establishes a new system to examine the effects of alcohol exposure in embryos and the potential to conduct large-scale genetics screens to uncover novel factors that sensitize or protect neurons to the effects of alcohol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gordana Scepanovic
- Department of Cell and Systems Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Bryan A Stewart
- Department of Cell and Systems Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Biology, University of Toronto Mississauga, Mississauga, Ontario, Canada
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Understanding the pathophysiologic, diagnostic, and treatment implications of the interface between mental disorder and the consequences of Prenatal Alcohol Exposure (PAE) is important for mental health professionals (MHP) seeking to provide the most effective care. This review was written to highlight the importance of identifying and intervening with regards to the unique mental health and medical needs of individual with PAE. RECENT FINDINGS Over the last year, research has identified differences in the diagnostic criteria for Neurodevelopmental Disorder Associated with PAE (ND-PAE)/Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder (FASD) and called for standardization, given that diagnosis is the main route to appropriate support. Care will improve with advances in epigenetic, neuroimaging, and electrophysiological discoveries regarding the consequences of PAE. For example, recent progressions allow for improved detection of alterations in DNA methylation and functional connectivity between cortical and deep grey matter. Therapeutic innovations targeting specific neurocognitive impairment and ligand-specific symptom clusters, as well as lifelong multidisciplinary interventions to support patients, were reported as producing effective outcomes. SUMMARY Developments in genetics, epigenetics, imaging, and interventions are relevant to the current knowledge of FASD. MHP are encouraged to recognize the importance of understanding unique considerations for this population, including forensic implications and the whole-body impacts of FASD, which could assist in reducing stigma and improving quality of care.
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