1
|
Liu X, Ye Z, Rao D, Chen Q, Zhang Z. DUSP4 maintains the survival and LSD1 protein stability in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma cells by inhibiting JNK signaling-dependent autophagy. In Vitro Cell Dev Biol Anim 2024; 60:115-122. [PMID: 38286920 DOI: 10.1007/s11626-023-00845-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2023] [Accepted: 12/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2024]
Abstract
DUSP4 is a biomarker of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC), which is responsible for the prognosis in ESCC. However, the underlying mechanism of DUSP4-regulated ESCC carcinogenesis is unknown. As a negative regulator of JNK, DUSP4 can inhibit autophagy, which contributes to tumorigenesis. This study aimed to explore the role of autophagy in DUSP4-regulated ESCC carcinogenesis. Our results showed that DUSP4 overexpression inhibited autophagy and promoted LSD1 protein expression in ESCC cells, while DUSP4 silencing showed the opposite effects. However, DUSP4 overexpression and silencing did not affect LSD1 mRNA expression. But the regulatory ability of DUSP4 overexpression on autophagy, death level, and LSD1 protein was reversed by rapamycin. In addition, DUSP4 overexpression inhibited JNK and Bcl2 phosphorylation and the dissociation of Bcl2-Beclin1 complex, while DUSP4 silencing promoted JNK and Bcl2 phosphorylation. Moreover, the regulatory ability of DUSP4 overexpression on autophagy, death, and LSD1 protein was reversed by JNK activator anisomycin. The xenograft assays also showed that DUSP4 overexpression-promoted ESCC tumor growth in vivo and LC3II and LSD1 protein expression in tumor tissues were reversed by rapamycin or anisomycin. Overall, DUSP4 inhibits Bcl2-Beclin1-autophagy signal transduction through the negative regulation of JNK, thus suppressing autophagic death and the autophagic degradation of LSD1 in ESCC, by which DUSP4 promotes ESCC carcinogenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xinxin Liu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, 341000, Jiangxi, China
- Gannan Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics Ganzhou 341000, Jiangxi, China
| | - Zhou Ye
- Department of Digestive, The 900Th Hospital of Joint Logistic Support Force, PLA, Fuzhou, 350001, Fujian, China
| | - Dingyu Rao
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, No. 3, Outangli, Xingannan Road, Zhanggong District, Ganzhou, 341000, Jiangxi, China
| | - Qianshun Chen
- Shengli Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350001, Fujian, China.
| | - Zuxiong Zhang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, No. 3, Outangli, Xingannan Road, Zhanggong District, Ganzhou, 341000, Jiangxi, China.
- Shengli Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350001, Fujian, China.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Xie W, Chen M, Loor JJ, Song X, Ma N, Zhou S, Zhang H, Chang G, Shen X. AMPK-endoplasmic reticulum stress axis contributes to lipopolysaccharide-caused mitochondrial dysfunction by regulating mitochondria-associated membrane function in bovine hepatocytes. J Dairy Sci 2023:S0022-0302(23)00275-8. [PMID: 37225589 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2022-22879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2022] [Accepted: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondrial homeostasis is closely associated with cellular homeostasis process, whereas mitochondrial dysfunction contributes to apoptosis and mitophagy. Hence, analyzing the mechanism of lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-caused mitochondrial damage is necessary to understand how cellular homeostasis is maintained in bovine hepatocytes. Mitochondria-associated membranes (MAM), a connection between endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and mitochondria, is important to control mitochondrial function. To investigate the underlying mechanisms of the LPS-caused mitochondrial dysfunction, hepatocytes isolated from dairy cows at ∼160 d in milk (DIM) were pretreated with the specific inhibitors of adenosine 5'-monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK), ER stress, RNA-activated protein kinase-like ER kinase (PERK), inositol-requiring enzyme 1α (IRE1α), c-Jun N-terminal kinase, and autophagy followed by a 12 μg/mL LPS treatment. The results showed that inhibiting ER stress with 4-phenylbutyric acid decreased the levels of autophagy and mitochondrial damage with AMPK inactivation in LPS-treated hepatocytes. The AMPK inhibitor compound C pretreatment alleviated LPS-induced ER stress, autophagy and mitochondrial dysfunction by regulating the expression of MAM-related genes, such as mitofusin 2 (MFN2), PERK, and IRE1α. Moreover, inhibiting PERK and IRE1α mitigated autophagy and mitochondrial dynamic disruption by regulating the MAM function. Additionally, blocking c-Jun N-terminal kinase, the downstream sensor of IRE1α, could reduce the levels of autophagy and apoptosis and restore the balance of mitochondrial fusion and fission by modulating the B cell leukemia 2 (BCL-2)/BCL-2 interacting protein 1 (BECLIN1) complex in the LPS-treated bovine hepatocytes. Furthermore, autophagy blockage with chloroquine could intervene in LPS-caused apoptosis to restore mitochondrial function. Collectively, these findings suggest that the AMPK-ER stress axis is involved in the LPS-caused mitochondrial dysfunction by mediating the MAM activity in bovine hepatocytes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wan Xie
- Ministry of Education Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210095, P. R. China
| | - Mengru Chen
- Ministry of Education Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210095, P. R. China
| | - Juan J Loor
- Department of Animal Sciences and Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801
| | - Xiaokun Song
- Ministry of Education Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210095, P. R. China
| | - Nana Ma
- Ministry of Education Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210095, P. R. China
| | - Shendong Zhou
- Ministry of Education Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210095, P. R. China
| | - Hongzhu Zhang
- Ministry of Education Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210095, P. R. China
| | - Guangjun Chang
- Ministry of Education Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210095, P. R. China
| | - Xiangzhen Shen
- Ministry of Education Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210095, P. R. China.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Tuano NK, Beesley J, Manning M, Shi W, Perlaza-Jimenez L, Malaver-Ortega LF, Paynter JM, Black D, Civitarese A, McCue K, Hatzipantelis A, Hillman K, Kaufmann S, Sivakumaran H, Polo JM, Reddel RR, Band V, French JD, Edwards SL, Powell DR, Chenevix-Trench G, Rosenbluh J. CRISPR screens identify gene targets at breast cancer risk loci. Genome Biol 2023; 24:59. [PMID: 36991492 PMCID: PMC10053147 DOI: 10.1186/s13059-023-02898-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2022] [Accepted: 03/16/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have identified > 200 loci associated with breast cancer risk. The majority of candidate causal variants are in non-coding regions and likely modulate cancer risk by regulating gene expression. However, pinpointing the exact target of the association, and identifying the phenotype it mediates, is a major challenge in the interpretation and translation of GWAS. RESULTS Here, we show that pooled CRISPR screens are highly effective at identifying GWAS target genes and defining the cancer phenotypes they mediate. Following CRISPR mediated gene activation or suppression, we measure proliferation in 2D, 3D, and in immune-deficient mice, as well as the effect on DNA repair. We perform 60 CRISPR screens and identify 20 genes predicted with high confidence to be GWAS targets that promote cancer by driving proliferation or modulating the DNA damage response in breast cells. We validate the regulation of a subset of these genes by breast cancer risk variants. CONCLUSIONS We demonstrate that phenotypic CRISPR screens can accurately pinpoint the gene target of a risk locus. In addition to defining gene targets of risk loci associated with increased breast cancer risk, we provide a platform for identifying gene targets and phenotypes mediated by risk variants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Natasha K Tuano
- Cancer Research Program and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Jonathan Beesley
- Cancer Program, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Murray Manning
- Cancer Research Program and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
- Functional Genomics Platform, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Wei Shi
- Cancer Program, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Laura Perlaza-Jimenez
- Cancer Research Program and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
- Bioinformatics Platform, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | | | - Jacob M Paynter
- Cancer Research Program and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
- Development and Stem Cells Program, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Debra Black
- Cancer Program, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Andrew Civitarese
- Cancer Program, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Karen McCue
- Cancer Program, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Aaron Hatzipantelis
- Cancer Program, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Kristine Hillman
- Cancer Program, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Susanne Kaufmann
- Cancer Program, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Haran Sivakumaran
- Cancer Program, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Jose M Polo
- Development and Stem Cells Program, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Roger R Reddel
- Cancer Research Unit, Children's Medical Research Institute, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Westmead, NSW, Australia
| | - Vimla Band
- Department of Genetics, Cell Biology and Anatomy, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Juliet D French
- Cancer Program, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Stacey L Edwards
- Cancer Program, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
| | - David R Powell
- Bioinformatics Platform, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | | | - Joseph Rosenbluh
- Cancer Research Program and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia.
- Functional Genomics Platform, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Xu W, Nie C, Chen X. DUSP4 inhibits autophagic cell death and apoptosis in colorectal cancer by regulating BCL2-Beclin1/Bax signaling. Mol Biol Rep 2023; 50:3229-3239. [PMID: 36705792 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-023-08270-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2022] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The DUSP4 gene plays an important role in the carcinogenesis of colorectal cancer (CRC). However, the underlying mechanism of DUSP4-regulated colorectal carcinogenesis is unknown. DUSP4 is a negative regulator of the MAP kinase (MAPK) JNK, and JNK-mediated BCL2 phosphorylation is associated with apoptosis and autophagic cell death. Our study aimed to explore the significance of BCL2 phosphorylation-dependent autophagy and apoptosis in DUSP4-promoted colorectal carcinogenesis. METHODS We first investigated the roles of DUSP4 in the survival of HCT116 and SW480 CRC cell lines using gene-silencing and -overexpression techniques. Next, we explored the effects of DUSP4 on the BCL2 phosphorylation, autophagy and apoptosis of HCT116 and SW480 cells. Ultimately, with the help of pharmacological inhibitors of Beclin1 and BCL2 (spautin-1 and ABT-737), the relationship between BCL2-Beclin1/Bax signaling and DUSP4-regulated autophagy, apoptosis, survival and migration in HCT116 cells was clarified. RESULTS Our results first confirmed the contribution of DUSP4 to the survival of HCT116 and SW480 cells. In addition, DUSP4 silencing resulted in BCL2 phosphorylation and the enhancement in autophagy and apoptosis in HCT116 and SW480 cells, while DUSP4 overexpression showed the opposite effect. Moreover, DUSP4 silencing inhibited the protein interaction between BCL2 and Beclin1 or Bax in HCT116 cells. Moreover, the survival and migration of HCT116 cells inhibited by DUSP4 silencing were blocked by autophagy inhibition with spautin-1. Notably, the survival and migration of HCT116 cells promoted by DUSP4 overexpression were reversed by ABT-737. CONCLUSIONS It was indicated that DUSP4 can maintain the survival and function of CRC cells by inhibiting BCL2 phosphorylation-dependent autophagic cell death and apoptosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Weifeng Xu
- Department of Medical Oncology, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University, No.127 Dong Ming Road, Zhengzhou, 450008, Henan, People's Republic of China
| | - Caiyun Nie
- Department of Medical Oncology, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University, No.127 Dong Ming Road, Zhengzhou, 450008, Henan, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaobing Chen
- Department of Medical Oncology, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University, No.127 Dong Ming Road, Zhengzhou, 450008, Henan, People's Republic of China.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Jian Z, Han Y, Zhang W, Li C, Guo W, Feng X, Li B, Li H. Anti-tumor effects of dual PI3K-HDAC inhibitor CUDC-907 on activation of ROS-IRE1α-JNK-mediated cytotoxic autophagy in esophageal cancer. Cell Biosci 2022; 12:135. [PMID: 35989326 PMCID: PMC9394063 DOI: 10.1186/s13578-022-00855-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2022] [Accepted: 07/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background PI3K-Akt pathway activation and the expression of histone deacetylases (HDACs) are highly increased in esophageal cancer, suggesting that inhibition of such targets may be a viable therapeutic strategy. Herein, we aimed to evaluate the anti-tumor effect of CUDC-907, a dual PI3K-HDAC inhibitor, in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). Methods The anti-tumor effects of CUDC-907 in ESCC were evaluated using cell counting kit-8, flow cytometry, and western blot. mRNA-sequencing was used to explore the mechanism underlying CUDC-907 anti-tumor effects. The relations of reactive oxygen species (ROS), lipocalin 2 (LCN2), and CUDC-907 were determined by flow cytometry, rescue experiments, and western blot. The activation of the IRE1α-JNK-CHOP signal cascade was confirmed by western blot. The in vivo inhibitory effects of CUDC-907 were examined by a subcutaneous xenograft model in nude mice. Results CUDC-907 displayed effective inhibition in the proliferation, migration, and invasion of ESCC cells. Through an mRNA-sequencing and functional enrichment analysis, autophagy was found to be associated with cancer cells death. CUDC-907 not only inhibited the PI3K-Akt-mTOR pathways to result in autophagy, but also induced ROS accumulation to activate IRE1α-JNK-CHOP-mediated cytotoxic autophagy by downregulating LCN2 expression. Consistently, the in vivo anti-tumor effects of CUDC-907 accompanied by the downregulated expression of p-mTOR and LCN2 and upregulated expression of p-IRE1α and LC3B-II were evaluated in a xenograft mouse model. Conclusion Our findings suggested the clinical development and administration of CUDC-907 might act as a novel treatment strategy for ESCC. A more in-depth understanding of the anti-tumor effect of CUDC-907 in ESCC will benefit the clinically targeted treatment of ESCC. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13578-022-00855-x.
Collapse
|
6
|
Ubiquitination-Proteasome System (UPS) and Autophagy Two Main Protein Degradation Machineries in Response to Cell Stress. Cells 2022; 11:cells11050851. [PMID: 35269473 PMCID: PMC8909305 DOI: 10.3390/cells11050851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2021] [Revised: 02/17/2022] [Accepted: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
In response to environmental stimuli, cells make a series of adaptive changes to combat the injury, repair the damage, and increase the tolerance to the stress. However, once the damage is too serious to repair, the cells will undergo apoptosis to protect the overall cells through suicidal behavior. Upon external stimulation, some intracellular proteins turn into unfolded or misfolded protein, exposing their hydrophobic regions to form protein aggregation, which may ultimately produce serious damage to the cells. Ubiquitin plays an important role in the degradation of these unnatural proteins by tagging with ubiquitin chains in the ubiquitin-proteasome or autophagy system. If the two processes fail to eliminate the abnormal protein aggregates, the cells will move to apoptosis and death. Dysregulation of ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS) and autophagy may result in the development of numerous diseases. This review focuses on the molecular mechanisms of UPS and autophagy in clearance of intracellular protein aggregates, and the relationship between dysregulation of ubiquitin network and diseases.
Collapse
|
7
|
Bang S, Jee S, Son H, Wi YC, Kim H, Park H, Myung J, Shin SJ, Paik SS. Loss of DUSP4 Expression as a Prognostic Biomarker in Clear Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma. Diagnostics (Basel) 2021; 11:diagnostics11101939. [PMID: 34679636 PMCID: PMC8534388 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics11101939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2021] [Revised: 10/14/2021] [Accepted: 10/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Dual-specificity protein phosphatase 4 (DUSP4) is a negative regulator of mitogen-activated protein kinases. The prognostic impact of DUSP4 expression in renal cell carcinoma is not well studied. Therefore, we evaluated the clinicopathological implications of DUSP4 expression in clear cell renal cell carcinoma by performing immunohistochemistry (IHC). The clinical outcome according to DUSP4 expression was evaluated through survival analyses, and the association between mRNA expression and prognosis was confirmed by online analysis (Kaplan-Meier plotter). Loss of DUSP4 expression was noted in most histological subtypes of renal cell carcinoma. Loss of DUSP4 expression in clear cell renal cell carcinoma was significantly correlated with old age (p = 0.033), high histologic grade (p < 0.001), tumor necrosis (p < 0.001), and high pT category (p < 0.001). In survival analysis, loss of DUSP4 expression was associated with poor clinical outcomes in cancer-specific survival and recurrence-free survival (p = 0.010 and p = 0.007, respectively). Upon TCGA data analysis, patients with low DUSP4 mRNA expression showed a shorter overall survival (p = 0.023). These results suggest that loss of DUSP4 expression can be used as a potential biomarker for predicting clinical outcomes in clear cell renal cell carcinoma patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Seongsik Bang
- Department of Pathology, Hanyang University Seoul Hospital, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Seoul 04763, Korea; (S.B.); (S.J.); (H.S.); (H.K.); (H.P.); (J.M.)
| | - Seungyun Jee
- Department of Pathology, Hanyang University Seoul Hospital, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Seoul 04763, Korea; (S.B.); (S.J.); (H.S.); (H.K.); (H.P.); (J.M.)
| | - Hwangkyu Son
- Department of Pathology, Hanyang University Seoul Hospital, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Seoul 04763, Korea; (S.B.); (S.J.); (H.S.); (H.K.); (H.P.); (J.M.)
| | - Young Chan Wi
- Department of Pathology, Eunpyeong St. Mary’s Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 03312, Korea;
| | - Hyunsung Kim
- Department of Pathology, Hanyang University Seoul Hospital, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Seoul 04763, Korea; (S.B.); (S.J.); (H.S.); (H.K.); (H.P.); (J.M.)
| | - Hosub Park
- Department of Pathology, Hanyang University Seoul Hospital, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Seoul 04763, Korea; (S.B.); (S.J.); (H.S.); (H.K.); (H.P.); (J.M.)
| | - Jaekyung Myung
- Department of Pathology, Hanyang University Seoul Hospital, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Seoul 04763, Korea; (S.B.); (S.J.); (H.S.); (H.K.); (H.P.); (J.M.)
| | - Su-Jin Shin
- Department of Pathology, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 06273, Korea;
| | - Seung Sam Paik
- Department of Pathology, Hanyang University Seoul Hospital, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Seoul 04763, Korea; (S.B.); (S.J.); (H.S.); (H.K.); (H.P.); (J.M.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-02-2220-8960
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Immunomodulation: An immune regulatory mechanism in carcinoma therapeutics. Int Immunopharmacol 2021; 99:107984. [PMID: 34303999 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2021.107984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2021] [Revised: 06/29/2021] [Accepted: 07/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Cancer has been generally related to the possession of numerous mutations which interrupt important signaling pathways. Nevertheless, deregulated immunological signaling is considered as one of the key factors associated with the development and progression of cancer. The signaling pathways operate as modular network with different components interacting in a switch-like fashion with two proteins interplaying between each other leading to direct or indirect inhibition or stimulation of down-stream factors. Genetic, epigenetic, and transcriptomic alterations maintain the pathological conduit of different signaling pathways via affecting diverse mechanisms including cell destiny. At present, immunotherapy is one of the best therapies opted for cancer treatment. The cancer immunotherapy strategy includes harnessing the specificity and killing mechanisms of the immunological system to target and eradicate malignant cells. Targeted therapies utilizing several little molecules including Galunisertib, Astragaloside-IV, Melatonin, and Jervine capable of regulating key signaling pathways can effectively help in the management of different carcinomas.
Collapse
|
9
|
Zeng X, Zhu C, Zhu X. DUSP4 promotes the carcinogenesis of CCRCC via negative regulation of autophagic death. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2021; 85:1839-1845. [PMID: 34143206 DOI: 10.1093/bbb/zbab111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2021] [Accepted: 06/11/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
DUSP4 is considered as an oncogenic gene. However, the effect of DUSP4 on the carcinogenesis of clear cell Renal cell carcinoma (CCRCC) is still unclear. In this study, DUSP4 mRNA levels were significantly increased in CCRCC tissues and cell lines. Furthermore, DUSP4 overexpression promotes the proliferation, migration, and tumorigenicity of CCRCC cells while DUSP4 silencing showed the opposite effects. Importantly, both autophagic activity (LC3 conversion rate and LC3 puncta formation) and total death level promoted by DUSP4 silencing were reversed by treatment with 3-MA in CCRCC cells. Moreover, the proliferation and migration of CCRCC cells inhibited by DUSP4 silencing were also recovered by suppression of autophagy with 3-MA. In conclusion, DUSP4 serves as an oncogenic gene in CCRCC carcinogenesis due to its inhibitory effect on autophagic death, indicating the potential value of DUSP4 in the diagnosis and treatment of CCRCC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xianyou Zeng
- Department of Urology, The Affiliated Hospital of Jinggangshan University, Jian, Jiangxi, China
| | - Changyan Zhu
- Department of Urology, 900th Hospital of Joint Logistics Support Force, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Xianxin Zhu
- Department of Urology, Ganzhou people's Hospital, Ganzhou, Jiangxi, China
| |
Collapse
|