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Bittman S, Worth D, Hunt D, Spiegal S, Kleinman P, Nanayakkara S, Vendramini J, Silveira M, Flynn C, Reid K, Martin T, VanderZaag A, Javorek S. Distribution of livestock sectors in Canada: Implications for manureshed management. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY 2023; 52:596-609. [PMID: 36746193 DOI: 10.1002/jeq2.20457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2022] [Accepted: 01/12/2023] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Canada's livestock production and human populations are concentrated in southern regions. Understanding spatial and temporal distributions of animals and excreted nutrients is key to optimizing manure resources and minimizing impact of livestock. Here, we identify manureshed concerns and opportunities by reconciling nitrogen supply and demand on a regional and national scale. Data based on national statistics and farm surveys were allocated to homogeneous soil polygons (Soil Landscapes of Canada [SLC]) to quantify changes in nutrient distribution and ammonia (NH3 ) emissions across Canada (1981-2018). Livestock sectors tied to domestic consumption, dairy and poultry, were stable over time and well dispersed. Export driven beef production has moved west since 1981, whereas pig production was prominent in Manitoba, Quebec, and Ontario. Per ha manure N excretion across livestock sectors in 2018 was generally low with 58% and 6% of the SLCs averaging <25 and >100 kg N ha-1 , respectively. Although only 3% of SLCs had average NH3 emissions reaching 16-200 kg ha-1 , most of these were located near cities and emissions spiked in spring when more people might be exposed. The greatest concentrations of nutrients and livestock occurred around the three largest metropolitan areas: Toronto, Montreal-Quebec City, and Vancouver, posing challenges for nutrient recycling and public health. This study shows that as Canadian cities and livestock agriculture grow in southern Canada, so will challenges around food production, human health, and managing nutrients. Livestock and land use strategies are needed to reconcile changing animal sectors and growing populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shabtai Bittman
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Agassiz Research and Development Centre, Agassiz, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Devon Worth
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Ottawa Research and Development Centre, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Derek Hunt
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Agassiz Research and Development Centre, Agassiz, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Sheri Spiegal
- USDA-ARS, Jornada Experimental Range, Las Cruces, NM, USA
| | - Peter Kleinman
- USDA-ARS, Soil Management and Sugarbeet Research Unit, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Sama Nanayakkara
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Ottawa Research and Development Centre, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Joao Vendramini
- Range Cattle Research Experiment Station, University of Florida, Ona, FL, USA
| | - Maria Silveira
- Range Cattle Research Experiment Station, University of Florida, Ona, FL, USA
| | - Colton Flynn
- Grassland Soil and Water Research Laboratory, USDA-ARS, Temple, TX, USA
| | - Keith Reid
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Guelph Research and Development Centre, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Tim Martin
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Ottawa Research and Development Centre, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Andrew VanderZaag
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Ottawa Research and Development Centre, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Steven Javorek
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Kentville Research and Development Centre, Kentville, Nova Scotia, Canada
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Effects of stage of maturity at harvest of cereal crops on biomass and quality, estimated forage dry matter intake, beef cow performance, and system economics. APPLIED ANIMAL SCIENCE 2022. [DOI: 10.15232/aas.2022-02327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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Kleinman PJA, Spiegal SA, Silviera ML, Baker JM, Dell CJ, Bittman S, Cibin R, Vadas PA, Buser MD, Tsegaye T. Envisioning the manureshed: Toward comprehensive integration of modern crop and animal production. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY 2022; 51:481-493. [PMID: 35750985 DOI: 10.1002/jeq2.20382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2022] [Accepted: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The specialization and intensification of agriculture have produced incredible gains in productivity, quality, and availability of agricultural commodities but have resulted in the separation of crop and animal production. A by-product of this separation has been the accumulation of manure regions where animal production is concentrated. Enter the "manureshed," an organizing framework for integrating animal and crop production where budgeting of manure nutrients is used to strategically guide their recycling and reuse in agricultural production systems where manure resources are of highest value. To move beyond regional nutrient balance analyses into the transformational realm required to mitigate "wicked" manure problems, manureshed management requires recognition of the challenges to systematically reorganizing resource flows. In better integrating crop and livestock systems, manureshed management must account for the unique nature of managing manure nutrients within individual livestock industries, anticipate trade-offs in substituting manure for commercial fertilizer, promote technologies to refine manure, and engage extensive social networks across scales that range from the farmgate to nation and beyond.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter J A Kleinman
- USDA-ARS, Soil Management and Sugar Beet Research Unit, Fort Collins, CO, 80526, USA
| | - Sheri A Spiegal
- USDA-ARS, Jornada Experimental Range, Las Cruces, NM, 88003-8003, USA
| | - Maria L Silviera
- University of Florida, Range Cattle and Education Center, Ona, FL, 33865-9706, USA
| | - John M Baker
- USDA-ARS, Soil and Water Management Research Unit, St. Paul, MN, 55108, USA
| | - Curtis J Dell
- USDA-ARS, Pasture Systems and Watershed Management Research Unit, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
| | - Shabtai Bittman
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Agassiz, British Columbia, V0M 1A0, Canada
| | - Raj Cibin
- Dept. Agricultural and Biological Engineering, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
| | - Peter A Vadas
- USDA-ARS, Office of National Programs, Natural Resources and Sustainable Agriculture Systems, Beltsville, MD, 20705-5140, USA
| | - Michael D Buser
- USDA-ARS, Office of National Programs, Natural Resources and Sustainable Agriculture Systems, Beltsville, MD, 20705-5140, USA
| | - Teferi Tsegaye
- USDA-ARS, Office of National Programs, Natural Resources and Sustainable Agriculture Systems, Beltsville, MD, 20705-5140, USA
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