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Klavins L, Perkons I, Mezulis M, Viksna A, Klavins M. Procyanidins from Cranberry Press Residues-Extraction Optimization, Purification and Characterization. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 11:3517. [PMID: 36559628 PMCID: PMC9786595 DOI: 10.3390/plants11243517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2022] [Revised: 12/08/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Procyanidins are a polyphenolic group that can be found in a variety of foods such as chocolate, tea, cranberries and others. Type A procyanidins can be found in a handful of sources and one of the richest sources are American cranberries. These compounds possess antioxidative, anticancer and anti-inflammatory activities and are most widely used as prevention for urinary tract infections. Cranberries are utilized for jam and juice production, and the latter produces industrial food waste press residues. Press residues contain free and bound procyanidins which can be extracted for use as nutraceuticals. In this study, the extraction of cranberry press residues has been optimized using RSM and the resulting extracts have been purified and fractionated. The obtained procyanidin fractions have been investigated for their antioxidative potential and analyzed using LC-ESI-FTICR-HRMS to determine individual procyanidins. The optimization showed that the optimal extraction can be conducted using acetone in a concentration of 53% without the addition of an acidifying agent. Strong correlation was observed for procyanidin contents and their antioxidative activity using DPPH, ABTS and FRAP methods. The purified fractions contained 78 individual (65 Type A) procyanidins with the degree of polymerization of up to 9.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linards Klavins
- Department of Environmental Science, University of Latvia, LV-1004 Riga, Latvia
| | - Ingus Perkons
- Institute of Food Safety, Animal Health and Environment “BIOR”, LV-1076 Riga, Latvia
| | - Marcis Mezulis
- Department of Environmental Science, University of Latvia, LV-1004 Riga, Latvia
| | - Arturs Viksna
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Latvia, LV-1004 Riga, Latvia
| | - Maris Klavins
- Department of Environmental Science, University of Latvia, LV-1004 Riga, Latvia
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Harvey DJ. Analysis of carbohydrates and glycoconjugates by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry: An update for 2019-2020. MASS SPECTROMETRY REVIEWS 2022:e21806. [PMID: 36468275 DOI: 10.1002/mas.21806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
This review is the tenth update of the original article published in 1999 on the application of matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI) mass spectrometry to the analysis of carbohydrates and glycoconjugates and brings coverage of the literature to the end of 2020. Also included are papers that describe methods appropriate to analysis by MALDI, such as sample preparation techniques, even though the ionization method is not MALDI. The review is basically divided into three sections: (1) general aspects such as theory of the MALDI process, matrices, derivatization, MALDI imaging, fragmentation, quantification and the use of arrays. (2) Applications to various structural types such as oligo- and polysaccharides, glycoproteins, glycolipids, glycosides and biopharmaceuticals, and (3) other areas such as medicine, industrial processes and glycan synthesis where MALDI is extensively used. Much of the material relating to applications is presented in tabular form. The reported work shows increasing use of incorporation of new techniques such as ion mobility and the enormous impact that MALDI imaging is having. MALDI, although invented nearly 40 years ago is still an ideal technique for carbohydrate analysis and advancements in the technique and range of applications show little sign of diminishing.
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Affiliation(s)
- David J Harvey
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, Target Discovery Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford, Oxfordshire, United Kingdom
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Koudoufio M, Desjardins Y, Feldman F, Spahis S, Delvin E, Levy E. Insight into Polyphenol and Gut Microbiota Crosstalk: Are Their Metabolites the Key to Understand Protective Effects against Metabolic Disorders? Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 9:E982. [PMID: 33066106 PMCID: PMC7601951 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9100982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2020] [Revised: 09/30/2020] [Accepted: 09/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Lifestyle factors, especially diet and nutrition, are currently regarded as essential avenues to decrease modern-day cardiometabolic disorders (CMD), including obesity, metabolic syndrome, type 2 diabetes, and atherosclerosis. Many groups around the world attribute these trends, at least partially, to bioactive plant polyphenols given their anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory actions. In fact, polyphenols can prevent or reverse the progression of disease processes through many distinct mechanisms. In particular, the crosstalk between polyphenols and gut microbiota, recently unveiled thanks to DNA-based tools and next generation sequencing, unravelled the central regulatory role of dietary polyphenols and their intestinal micro-ecology metabolites on the host energy metabolism and related illnesses. The objectives of this review are to: (1) provide an understanding of classification, structure, and bioavailability of dietary polyphenols; (2) underline their metabolism by gut microbiota; (3) highlight their prebiotic effects on microflora; (4) discuss the multifaceted roles of their metabolites in CMD while shedding light on the mechanisms of action; and (5) underscore their ability to initiate host epigenetic regulation. In sum, the review clearly documents whether dietary polyphenols and micro-ecology favorably interact to promote multiple physiological functions on human organism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mireille Koudoufio
- Research Centre, Sainte-Justine University Health Center, Montreal, QC H3T 1C5, Canada; (M.K.); (F.F.); (S.S.); (E.D.)
- Department of Nutrition, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC H3T 1J4, Canada
- Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods, Laval University, Quebec City, QC G1V 0A6, Canada;
| | - Yves Desjardins
- Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods, Laval University, Quebec City, QC G1V 0A6, Canada;
| | - Francis Feldman
- Research Centre, Sainte-Justine University Health Center, Montreal, QC H3T 1C5, Canada; (M.K.); (F.F.); (S.S.); (E.D.)
- Department of Nutrition, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC H3T 1J4, Canada
- Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods, Laval University, Quebec City, QC G1V 0A6, Canada;
| | - Schohraya Spahis
- Research Centre, Sainte-Justine University Health Center, Montreal, QC H3T 1C5, Canada; (M.K.); (F.F.); (S.S.); (E.D.)
- Department of Nutrition, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC H3T 1J4, Canada
- Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods, Laval University, Quebec City, QC G1V 0A6, Canada;
| | - Edgard Delvin
- Research Centre, Sainte-Justine University Health Center, Montreal, QC H3T 1C5, Canada; (M.K.); (F.F.); (S.S.); (E.D.)
- Department of Biochemistry, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC H3T 1J4, Canada
| | - Emile Levy
- Research Centre, Sainte-Justine University Health Center, Montreal, QC H3T 1C5, Canada; (M.K.); (F.F.); (S.S.); (E.D.)
- Department of Nutrition, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC H3T 1J4, Canada
- Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods, Laval University, Quebec City, QC G1V 0A6, Canada;
- Department of Pediatrics, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC H3T 1J4, Canada
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