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Zhang Z, Sun J, Liu M, Xu M, Wang Y, Wu G, Zhou H, Ye C, Tsechoe D, Wei T. Don't judge toxic weeds on whether they are native but on their ecological effects. Ecol Evol 2020; 10:9014-9025. [PMID: 32953042 PMCID: PMC7487251 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.6609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2020] [Revised: 07/05/2020] [Accepted: 07/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The sharp rise in anthropogenic activities and climate change has caused the extensive degradation of grasslands worldwide, jeopardizing ecosystem function, and threatening human well-being. Toxic weeds have been constantly spreading in recent decades; indeed, their occurrence is considered to provide an early sign of land degeneration. Policymakers and scientific researchers often focus on the negative effects of toxic weeds, such as how they inhibit forage growth, kill livestock, and cause economic losses. However, toxic weeds can have several potentially positive ecological impacts on grasslands, such as promoting soil and water conservation, improving nutrient cycling and biodiversity conservation, and protecting pastures from excessive damage by livestock. We reviewed the literature to detail the adaptive mechanisms underlying toxic weeds and to provide new insight into their roles in degraded grassland ecosystems. The findings highlight that the establishment of toxic weeds may provide a self-protective strategy of degenerated pastures that do not require special interventions. Consequently, policymakers, managers, and other personnel responsible for managing grasslands need to take appropriate actions to assess the long-term trade-offs between the development of animal husbandry and the maintenance of ecological services provided by grasslands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenchao Zhang
- Synthesis Research Centre of Chinese Ecosystem Research NetworkKey Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and ModellingInstitute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources ResearchChinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
- State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on the Loess PlateauInstitute of Soil and Water ConservationNorthwest A&F UniversityYanglingChina
| | - Jian Sun
- Synthesis Research Centre of Chinese Ecosystem Research NetworkKey Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and ModellingInstitute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources ResearchChinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
- Northwest Institute of Plateau BiologyQinghai Provincial Key Laboratory of Restoration Ecology of Cold AreaChinese Academy of SciencesXiningChina
| | - Miao Liu
- Synthesis Research Centre of Chinese Ecosystem Research NetworkKey Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and ModellingInstitute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources ResearchChinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Ming Xu
- Synthesis Research Centre of Chinese Ecosystem Research NetworkKey Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and ModellingInstitute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources ResearchChinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
- Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Natural ResourcesSchool environmental and Biological SciencesRutgers UniversityNew BrunswickNJUSA
| | - Yi Wang
- Synthesis Research Centre of Chinese Ecosystem Research NetworkKey Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and ModellingInstitute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources ResearchChinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Gao‐lin Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on the Loess PlateauInstitute of Soil and Water ConservationNorthwest A&F UniversityYanglingChina
| | - Huakun Zhou
- Northwest Institute of Plateau BiologyQinghai Provincial Key Laboratory of Restoration Ecology of Cold AreaChinese Academy of SciencesXiningChina
| | - Chongchong Ye
- Synthesis Research Centre of Chinese Ecosystem Research NetworkKey Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and ModellingInstitute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources ResearchChinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Dorji Tsechoe
- Institute of Tibetan Plateau ResearchChinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Tianxing Wei
- School of Soil and Water ConservationBeijing Forestry UniversityBeijingChina
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He W, Detheridge A, Liu Y, Wang L, Wei H, Griffith GW, Scullion J, Wei Y. Variation in Soil Fungal Composition Associated with the Invasion of Stellera chamaejasme L. in Qinghai-Tibet Plateau Grassland. Microorganisms 2019; 7:microorganisms7120587. [PMID: 31756979 PMCID: PMC6955776 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms7120587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2019] [Revised: 11/14/2019] [Accepted: 11/15/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Stellera chamaejasme L. is the most problematic weed in China’s grasslands. Its root exudates affect co-occurring plants and thus may also affect soil fungi. Soils (0–20 cm depth) on two adjacent sites, one invaded the other uninvaded, were compared for a range of physiochemical parameters and by DNA sequencing of fungal communities. At the invaded site, relationships between S. chamaejasme abundance, soil physiochemical factors, and fungal communities were further investigated to determine whether these relationships corroborated conclusions on the basis of site differences that could be translated into functional variation. Results showed that the invaded soils had lower N, P, organic matter, fungal alpha diversity, and relative abundance of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF), but greater abundance of pathogenic fungi. Organic matter and P were the edaphic factors most strongly linked to site differences in total fungal communities. Within the invaded site, organic matter rather than S. chamaejasme cover was closely linked to total fungal composition. However, on this site, a number of fungal species that had various ecological functions and that differentiated the two sites were related to S. chamaejasme cover. This study indicates that lower fertility soils may be more susceptible to invasion by S. chamaejasme. Although the influence of S. chamaejasme on total fungal community composition was limited, there was evidence of effects on particular fungal species. Further research is needed to determine whether these effects influence S. chamaejasme invasiveness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei He
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi’an 710069, China;
- School of Chemical Engineering, Northwest University, Xian 710069, China
- Correspondence: (W.H.); (J.S.); Tel.: +86-2988302199 (W.H.); +44-1970622304 (J.S.)
| | - Andrew Detheridge
- Institute of Biological, Environmental and Rural Sciences, Aberystwyth University, Aberystwyth SY23 3FL, UK; (A.D.); (G.W.G.)
| | - Yongmei Liu
- College of Urban and Environmental Science, Northwest University, Xi’an 710069, China; (Y.L.); (L.W.)
| | - Lei Wang
- College of Urban and Environmental Science, Northwest University, Xi’an 710069, China; (Y.L.); (L.W.)
| | - Haochen Wei
- Research School of Biology, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia
| | - Gareth W. Griffith
- Institute of Biological, Environmental and Rural Sciences, Aberystwyth University, Aberystwyth SY23 3FL, UK; (A.D.); (G.W.G.)
| | - John Scullion
- Institute of Biological, Environmental and Rural Sciences, Aberystwyth University, Aberystwyth SY23 3FL, UK; (A.D.); (G.W.G.)
- Correspondence: (W.H.); (J.S.); Tel.: +86-2988302199 (W.H.); +44-1970622304 (J.S.)
| | - Yahui Wei
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi’an 710069, China;
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Dheeman S, Baliyan N, Dubey RC, Maheshwari DK, Kumar S, Chen L. Combined effects of rhizo-competitive rhizosphere and non-rhizosphere Bacillus in plant growth promotion and yield improvement of Eleusine coracana (Ragi). Can J Microbiol 2019; 66:111-124. [PMID: 31671281 DOI: 10.1139/cjm-2019-0103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
This study emphasizes the beneficial role of rhizo-competitive Bacillus spp. isolated from rhizospheric and non-rhizospheric soil in plant growth promotion and yield improvement via nitrogen fixation and biocontrol of Sclerotium rolfsii causing foot rot disease in Eleusine coracana (Ragi). The selection of potent rhizobacteria was based on plant-growth-promoting attributes using Venn set diagram and Bonitur scale. Bacillus pumilus MSTA8 and Bacillus amyloliquefaciens MSTD26 were selected because they were effective in root colonization, rhizosphere competence, and biofilm formation using root exudates of E. coracana L. rich with carbohydrates, proteins, and amino acids. The relative chemotaxis index of the isolates expressed the invasive behavior of the rhizosphere. During pot and field trials, the consortium of the rhizobacteria in a vermiculite carrier increased the grain yield by 37.87%, with a significant harvest index of 16.45. Soil analysis after the field trial revealed soil reclamation potentials to manage soil nutrition and fertility. Both indexes ensured crop protection and production in eco-safe ways and herald commercialization of Bacillus bio-inoculant for improvement in crop production and disease management of E. coracana.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shrivardhan Dheeman
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, Gurukula Kangri Vishwavidyalaya, Haridwar 249404, Uttarakhand, India.,Department of Microbiology, School of Life Sciences, Sardar Bhagwan Singh University, Balawala, Dehradun 248161, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Nitin Baliyan
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, Gurukula Kangri Vishwavidyalaya, Haridwar 249404, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Ramesh Chandra Dubey
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, Gurukula Kangri Vishwavidyalaya, Haridwar 249404, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Dinesh Kumar Maheshwari
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, Gurukula Kangri Vishwavidyalaya, Haridwar 249404, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Sandeep Kumar
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, Gurukula Kangri Vishwavidyalaya, Haridwar 249404, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Lei Chen
- College of Food Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, P.R. China
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T A PD, Sahoo D, Setti A, Sharma C, Kalita MC, S ID. Bacterial rhizosphere community profile at different growth stages of Umorok (Capsicum chinense) and its response to the root exudates. Int Microbiol 2019; 23:241-251. [PMID: 31485795 DOI: 10.1007/s10123-019-00097-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2019] [Revised: 08/13/2019] [Accepted: 08/14/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
The role of microflora is an indispensable part of the living organisms. Plants actively recruit specific microbial community to establish favorable habitat with the distinct microbiome, essentially unique for each species, offering new opportunities for plant growth and productivity. Umorok, an indigenous chili variety of northeastern India, production is highly affected by various factors; therefore, rhizosphere bacteria and their relationship with the root exudates released were analyzed to demonstrate rhizosphere bacterial impact on plant growth and health. Culturable and metagenomic bacterial DNA was characterized and the chemical nature of the root exudate was analyzed using chemotaxis assay after its basic analysis in HPLC. Juvenile stage exhibited diverse bacterial species of gammaproteobacteria, alphaproteobacteria, and actinobacteria but lacked the betaproteobacteria while the microbial diversity was reduced in flowering and fruiting stages. However, every growth stage maintained a similar amount of bacterial population regardless of diversity. The population of Pseudomonas, Bacillus, and Burkholderia species was increased several folds in flowering and fruiting stage. Further, the chemotaxis assay unveiled the advantage of root exudate chemical composition for specific microbial recruitment. The chemical composition analysis of root exudates showed substantial variation in the concentration of organic acids, phenolics, and flavonoids that are favoring unique bacterial species. Thus, root exudates confer and limit the related microbial population besides typical plant-bacterial synergetic association. This study emphasized information about the type of microbial load present in each growth stage, which is essential to develop a microbial consortia package for Umorok overall crop improvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phazna Devi T A
- Microbial Resources Division, Institute of Bioresources and Sustainable Development (IBSD), Takyelpat Institutional Area, Imphal, Manipur, 795001, India
| | - Dinabandhu Sahoo
- Microbial Resources Division, Institute of Bioresources and Sustainable Development (IBSD), Takyelpat Institutional Area, Imphal, Manipur, 795001, India
| | - Aravind Setti
- Department of Genetics, Osmania University, Hyderabad, Telangana, 500007, India
| | - Chandradev Sharma
- Microbial Resources Division, Institute of Bioresources and Sustainable Development (IBSD), Takyelpat Institutional Area, Imphal, Manipur, 795001, India
| | - M C Kalita
- Department of Biotechnology, Gauhati University, Guwahati, Assam, 781014, India
| | - Indira Devi S
- Microbial Resources Division, Institute of Bioresources and Sustainable Development (IBSD), Takyelpat Institutional Area, Imphal, Manipur, 795001, India.
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Bacterial community structure associated with the rhizosphere soils and roots of Stellera chamaejasme L. along a Tibetan elevation gradient. ANN MICROBIOL 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s13213-018-1336-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
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6
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Jin H, Yang X, Lu D, Li C, Yan Z, Li X, Zeng L, Qin B. Phylogenic diversity and tissue specificity of fungal endophytes associated with the pharmaceutical plant, Stellera chamaejasme L. revealed by a cultivation-independent approach. Antonie Van Leeuwenhoek 2015; 108:835-50. [PMID: 26194722 DOI: 10.1007/s10482-015-0538-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2015] [Accepted: 07/15/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
The fungal endophytes associated with medicinal plants have been demonstrated as a reservoir with novel natural products useful in medicine and agriculture. It is desirable to explore the species composition, diversity and tissue specificity of endophytic fungi that inhabit in different tissues of medicinal plants. In this study, a culture-independent survey of fungal diversity in the rhizosphere, leaves, stems and roots of a toxic medicinal plant, Stellera chamaejasme L., was conducted by sequence analysis of clone libraries of the partial internal transcribed spacer region. Altogether, 145 fungal OTUs (operational taxonomic units), represented by 464 sequences, were found in four samples, of these 109 OTUs (75.2 %) belonging to Ascomycota, 20 (13.8 %) to Basidiomycota, 14 (9.7 %) to Zygomycota, 1 (0.7 %) to Chytridiomycota, and 1 (0.7 %) to Glomeromycota. The richness and diversity of fungal communities were strongly influenced by plant tissue environments, and the roots are associated with a surprisingly rich endophyte community. The endophyte assemblages associated with S. chamaejasme were strongly shaped by plant tissue environments, and exhibited a certain degree of tissue specificity. Our results suggested that a wide variety of fungal assemblages inhabit in S. chamaejasme, and plant tissue environments conspicuously influence endophyte community structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Jin
- Key Laboratory of Chemistry of Northwestern Plant Resources and Key Laboratory for Natural Medicine of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, 730000, China
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