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Elias D, Hervay NT, Jacko J, Morvova M, Valachovic M, Gbelska Y. Erg6p is essential for antifungal drug resistance, plasma membrane properties and cell wall integrity in Candida glabrata. FEMS Yeast Res 2022; 21:6680247. [PMID: 36047961 DOI: 10.1093/femsyr/foac045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2022] [Revised: 07/18/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
ERG6 gene encodes C-24 methyltransferase, one of the specific enzymes that differ in mammalian and yeast sterol biosynthesis. To explore the function of CgErg6p in the yeast pathogen Candida glabrata, we have constructed the Cgerg6Δ deletion mutant. We found that C. glabrata cells lacking CgErg6p exhibit reduced susceptibility to both antifungal azoles and polyenes. The reduced content of ergosterol in the Cgerg6 deletion mutant was accompanied by increased expression of genes encoding the last steps of the ergosterol biosynthetic pathway. The absence of CgErg6p leads to plasma membrane hyperpolarization and decrease in its fluidity compared to the parental C. glabrata strain. The absence of sterols containing C-24 alkyls influenced the susceptibility of Cgerg6Δ mutant cells to alkali metal cations and several other metabolic inhibitors. Our results thus show that sterols lacking C-24 alkyls are not sufficient substitutes for maintaining yeast plasma membrane function. The absence of CgErg6p influences also the cell wall integrity and calcineurin signaling in C. glabrata.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Elias
- Faculty of Natural Sciences, Department of Microbiology and Virology, Comenius University in Bratislava, Ilkovicova 6, 842 15 Bratislava, Slovak Republic
| | - Nora Toth Hervay
- Faculty of Natural Sciences, Department of Microbiology and Virology, Comenius University in Bratislava, Ilkovicova 6, 842 15 Bratislava, Slovak Republic
| | - Juraj Jacko
- Faculty of Mathematics, Physics and Informatics, Department of Nuclear Physics and Biophysics, Comenius University in Bratislava, Mlynska dolina, 842 48 Bratislava, Slovak Republic
| | - Marcela Morvova
- Faculty of Mathematics, Physics and Informatics, Department of Nuclear Physics and Biophysics, Comenius University in Bratislava, Mlynska dolina, 842 48 Bratislava, Slovak Republic
| | - Martin Valachovic
- Institute of Animal Biochemistry and Genetics CBS SAS, Dubravska cesta 9, 840 05 BratislavaSlovak Republic
| | - Yvetta Gbelska
- Faculty of Natural Sciences, Department of Microbiology and Virology, Comenius University in Bratislava, Ilkovicova 6, 842 15 Bratislava, Slovak Republic
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Holič R, Šťastný D, Griač P. Sec14 family of lipid transfer proteins in yeasts. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2021; 1866:158990. [PMID: 34118432 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2021.158990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Revised: 05/31/2021] [Accepted: 06/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The hydrophobicity of lipids prevents their free movement across the cytoplasm. To achieve highly heterogeneous and precisely regulated lipid distribution in different cellular membranes, lipids are transported by lipid transfer proteins (LTPs) in addition to their transport by vesicles. Sec14 family is one of the most extensively studied groups of LTPs. Here we provide an overview of Sec14 family of LTPs in the most studied yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae as well as in other selected non-Saccharomyces yeasts-Schizosaccharomyces pombe, Kluyveromyces lactis, Candida albicans, Candida glabrata, Cryptococcus neoformans, and Yarrowia lipolytica. Discussed are specificities of Sec14-domain LTPs in various yeasts, their mode of action, subcellular localization, and physiological function. In addition, quite few Sec14 family LTPs are target of antifungal drugs, serve as modifiers of drug resistance or influence virulence of pathologic yeasts. Thus, they represent an important object of study from the perspective of human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roman Holič
- Institute of Animal Biochemistry and Genetics, Centre of Biosciences, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Dominik Šťastný
- Institute of Animal Biochemistry and Genetics, Centre of Biosciences, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Peter Griač
- Institute of Animal Biochemistry and Genetics, Centre of Biosciences, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia.
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Bencova A, Goffa E, Morvova M, Valachovic M, Griač P, Toth Hervay N, Gbelska Y. The Absence of PDR16 Gene Restricts the Overexpression of CaSNQ2 Gene in the Presence of Fluconazole in Candida albicans. Mycopathologia 2020; 185:455-465. [PMID: 32451851 DOI: 10.1007/s11046-020-00459-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2020] [Accepted: 05/18/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
In yeast, the PDR16 gene encodes one of the PITP proteins involved in lipid metabolism and is regarded as a factor involved in clinical azole resistance of fungal pathogens. In this study, we prepared Candida albicans CaPDR16/pdr16Δ and Capdr16Δ/Δ heterozygous and homozygous mutant strains and assessed their responses to different stresses. The CaPDR16 deletion strains exhibited increased susceptibility to antifungal azoles and acetic acid. The addition of Tween80 restored the growth of Capdr16 mutants in the presence of azoles. However, the PDR16 gene deletion has not remarkable influence on sterol profile or membrane properties (membrane potential, anisotropy) of Capdr16Δ and Capdr16Δ/Δ mutant cells. Changes in halotolerance of C. albicans pdr16 deletion mutants were not observed. Fluconazole treatment leads to increased expression of ERG genes both in the wild-type and Capdr16Δ and Capdr16Δ/Δ mutant cells, and the amount of ergosterol and its precursors remain comparable in all three strains tested. Fluconazole treatment induced the expression of ATP-binding cassette transporter gene CaSNQ2 and MFS transporter gene CaTPO3 in the wild-type strain but not in the Capdr16Δ and Capdr16Δ/Δ mutants. The expression of CaSNQ2 gene markedly increased also in cells treated with hydrogen peroxide irrespective of the presence of CaPdr16p. CaPDR16 gene thus belongs to genes whose presence is required for full induction of CaSNQ2 and CaTPO3 genes in the presence of fluconazole in C. albicans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Bencova
- Department of Microbiology and Virology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University in Bratislava, Ilkovicova 6, 842 15, Bratislava 4, Slovak Republic
| | - Eduard Goffa
- Department of Microbiology and Virology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University in Bratislava, Ilkovicova 6, 842 15, Bratislava 4, Slovak Republic.,Department of Genetics, Cancer Research Institute, Biomedical Research Center, University Science Park for Biomedicine, Slovak Academy Sciences, Dúbravská cesta 9, 84505, Bratislava, Slovak Republic
| | - Marcela Morvova
- Faculty of Mathematics, Physics and Informatics, Comenius University in Bratislava, Mlynská dolina F1, 842 48, Bratislava, Slovak Republic
| | - Martin Valachovic
- Institute of Animal Biochemistry and Genetics CBS SAS, Dúbravská cesta 9, 840 05, Bratislava, Slovak Republic
| | - Peter Griač
- Institute of Animal Biochemistry and Genetics CBS SAS, Dúbravská cesta 9, 840 05, Bratislava, Slovak Republic
| | - Nora Toth Hervay
- Department of Microbiology and Virology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University in Bratislava, Ilkovicova 6, 842 15, Bratislava 4, Slovak Republic
| | - Yvetta Gbelska
- Department of Microbiology and Virology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University in Bratislava, Ilkovicova 6, 842 15, Bratislava 4, Slovak Republic.
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Konecna A, Toth Hervay N, Bencova A, Morvova M, Sikurova L, Jancikova I, Gaskova D, Gbelska Y. Erg6 gene is essential for stress adaptation in Kluyveromyces lactis. FEMS Microbiol Lett 2018; 365:5162844. [PMID: 30398655 DOI: 10.1093/femsle/fny265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2018] [Accepted: 11/05/2018] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
We investigated the effect of Kluyveromyces lactis ERG6 gene deletion on plasma membrane function and showed increased susceptibility of mutant cells to salt stress, cationic drugs and weak organic acids. Contrary to Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Klerg6 mutant cells exhibited increased tolerance to tunicamycin. The content of cell wall polysacharides did not significantly vary between wild-type and mutant cells. Although the expression of the NAD+-dependent glycerol 3-phosphate dehydrogenase (KlGPD1) in the Klerg6 mutant cells was only half of that in the parental strain, it was induced in the presence of calcofluor white. Also, cells exposed to this drug accumulated glycerol. The absence of KlErg6p led to plasma membrane hyperpolarization but had no statistically significant influence on the plasma membrane fluidity. We propose that the phenotype of Klerg6 mutant cells to a large extent was a result of the reduced activity of specific plasma membrane proteins that require proper lipid composition for full activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Konecna
- Faculty of Sciences, Department of Microbiology and Virology, Comenius University in Bratislava, Ilkovicova 6, 842 15 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Nora Toth Hervay
- Faculty of Sciences, Department of Microbiology and Virology, Comenius University in Bratislava, Ilkovicova 6, 842 15 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Alexandra Bencova
- Faculty of Sciences, Department of Microbiology and Virology, Comenius University in Bratislava, Ilkovicova 6, 842 15 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Marcela Morvova
- Faculty of Mathematics, Physics and Informatics F1, Comenius University in Bratislava, Mlynska dolina 6280, 842 48 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Libusa Sikurova
- Faculty of Mathematics, Physics and Informatics F1, Comenius University in Bratislava, Mlynska dolina 6280, 842 48 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Iva Jancikova
- Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, Charles University, Ke Karlovu 2027/3, 121 16 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Dana Gaskova
- Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, Charles University, Ke Karlovu 2027/3, 121 16 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Yvetta Gbelska
- Faculty of Sciences, Department of Microbiology and Virology, Comenius University in Bratislava, Ilkovicova 6, 842 15 Bratislava, Slovakia
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Culakova H, Dzugasova V, Valencikova R, Gbelska Y, Subik J. Stress response and expression of fluconazole resistance associated genes in the pathogenic yeast Candida glabrata deleted in the CgPDR16 gene. Microbiol Res 2015; 174:17-23. [PMID: 25946325 DOI: 10.1016/j.micres.2015.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2014] [Revised: 02/26/2015] [Accepted: 03/03/2015] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
In yeasts, the PDR16 gene encodes a phosphatidylinositol transfer protein which belongs to the Sec14 homologue (SFH) family and localizes to lipid droplets, microsomes and at the cell periphery. The loss of its function alters the lipid droplet metabolism and plasma membrane properties, and renders yeast cells more sensitive to azole antimycotics. In this study, the entire chromosomal CgPDR16 ORF was replaced by the ScURA3 gene both in azole sensitive and azole resistant strains of Candida glabrata bearing a gain-of-function mutation in the CgPDR1 gene, and their responses to different stresses were assessed. The CgPDR16 deletion was found to sensitize the mutant strains to azole antifungals without changes in their osmo- and halotolerance. Fluconazole treated pdr16Δ mutant strains displayed a reduced expression of several genes involved in azole tolerance. The gain-of-function CgPDR1 allele as well as the cycloheximide and hydrogen peroxide treatments of cells enhanced the expression of the CgPDR16 gene. The results indicate that CgPDR16 belongs to genes whose expression is induced by chemical and oxidative stresses. The loss of its function can attenuate the expression of drug efflux pump encoding genes that might also contribute to the decreased azole tolerance in pdr16Δ mutant cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hana Culakova
- Department of Microbiology and Virology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University in Bratislava, 842 15 Bratislava, Slovak Republic
| | - Vladimira Dzugasova
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University in Bratislava, 842 15 Bratislava, Slovak Republic
| | - Romana Valencikova
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University in Bratislava, 842 15 Bratislava, Slovak Republic
| | - Yvetta Gbelska
- Department of Microbiology and Virology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University in Bratislava, 842 15 Bratislava, Slovak Republic
| | - Julius Subik
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University in Bratislava, 842 15 Bratislava, Slovak Republic.
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