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Colombo SA, de Mello DMD, Morais BRM, Salvato LA, Dorella FA, Tavares GC, da Silva VMF, de Azevedo MI. CHARACTERIZATION OF THE FUNGAL MICROBIOTA IN THE NOSTRILS AND RECTUM OF AMAZONIAN MANATEES ( TRICHECHUS INUNGUIS) FROM A REHABILITATION PROGRAM IN BRAZIL. J Zoo Wildl Med 2024; 55:125-135. [PMID: 38453495 DOI: 10.1638/2022-0069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/14/2023] [Indexed: 03/09/2024] Open
Abstract
The present study characterized the filamentous and yeast-like fungal microbiota of the nasal cavity and rectum of Amazonian manatees (Trichechus inunguis) undergoing rehabilitation at the Laboratory of Aquatic Mammals, National Institute of Amazonian Research, Manaus, Amazonas, and determined the antifungal susceptibility of these organisms. Nasal and rectal swabs were collected from 22 calves and three juveniles. The samples were seeded in Sabouraud agar supplemented with chloramphenicol 10%, incubated at 26°C, and observed daily for up to 7 d. The growth of different filamentous and yeast-like fungi was observed among the two anatomical sites. Filamentous fungi were categorized by macro- and microscopic characteristics of the colonies. Representatives of each group were selected for molecular identification based on the internal transcribed spacer region. Yeast identification was performed using MALDI-TOF MS and molecular analyses. Thirteen genera of filamentous fungi and six genera of yeasts were isolated and identified. The dominant filamentous species were Fusarium spp., Aspergillus spp., and Cochliobolus lunatus in the nostril samples and Aspergillus melleus in the rectal samples. Candida was the dominant genus among the identified yeasts at both anatomical sites. In the antifungal susceptibility test, 28 isolates showed resistance to fluconazole (78%), itraconazole (39%), and nystatin (42%). The knowledge of fungal microbiota composition of Amazonian manatees provides information that assists in monitoring the health status of individuals maintained in captivity, as these organisms can behave either as opportunists or as primary pathogens. Moreover, the composition and resistance of these organisms may vary among different rehabilitation institutions or different time frames of search, reinforcing the importance of constant in loco surveillance of these microorganisms. This study provides new perspectives on the fungal diversity in the microbiota of manatees and supports future studies concerning the clinical and epidemiological aspects and the impacts of these agents on the health of Amazonian manatees undergoing rehabilitation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salene A Colombo
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG 31270-901, Brazil
| | - Daniela M D de Mello
- Laboratory of Aquatic Mammals, National Institute of Amazonian Research-INPA, Manaus, AM 69060-001, Brazil
| | - Bruna R M Morais
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG 31270-901, Brazil
| | - Lauranne A Salvato
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG 31270-901, Brazil
| | - Fernanda A Dorella
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG 31270-901, Brazil
| | - Guilherme C Tavares
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG 31270-901, Brazil
| | - Vera M F da Silva
- Laboratory of Aquatic Mammals, National Institute of Amazonian Research-INPA, Manaus, AM 69060-001, Brazil
| | - Maria I de Azevedo
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG 31270-901, Brazil,
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Carolina Oliveira de Meirelles A, Lima D, Danise de Oliveira Alves M, Carlos Gomes Borges J, Marmontel M, Luz Carvalho V, Rodrigues dos Santos F. Don’t let me down: West Indian manatee, Trichechus manatus, is still Critically Endangered in Brazil. J Nat Conserv 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jnc.2022.126169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Brilhante RSN, Alencar LPD, Bandeira SP, Sales JA, Evangelista AJDJ, Serpa R, Cordeiro RDA, Pereira-Neto WDA, Sidrim JJC, Castelo-Branco DDSCM, Rocha MFG. Exposure of Candida parapsilosis complex to agricultural azoles: An overview of the role of environmental determinants for the development of resistance. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 650:1231-1238. [PMID: 30308811 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.09.096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2018] [Revised: 08/21/2018] [Accepted: 09/07/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
This work investigated the phenotypic behavior of Candida parapsilosis species complex in response to exposure to agricultural azoles and fluconazole. Three fluconazole-susceptible strains of C. parapsilosis sensu stricto, C. orthopsilosis and C. metapsilosis were used. Initial minimum inhibitory concentrations (iMICs) for agricultural and clinical azoles were determined by broth microdilution. Then, the strains were exposed to tebuconazole, tetraconazole and fluconazole for 15 days, at concentrations that were two-folded daily, starting at one-eighth the iMIC (iMIC/8) up to 64 times iMIC (64xiMIC). After 15-day-exposure, antifungal susceptibility, biofilm formation, CDR, MDR and ERG expression were evaluated. The three cryptic species developed tolerance to the antifungals they were exposed and presented reduction (P < 0.05) in fluconazole susceptibility. In addition, C. parapsilosis sensu stricto and C. metapsilosis also presented reduced susceptibility to voriconazole, after fluconazole exposure. Azole exposure decreased (P < 0.05) biofilm production by C. parapsilosis sensu stricto and C. orthopsilosis and increased (P < 0.05) the expression of ERG11 in all tested strains. The results show that exposure to agricultural azoles and fluconazole induces changes in the phenotypic behavior and gene expression by the three cryptic species of C. parapsilosis complex, highlighting the importance of environmental determinants for the development of antifungal resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raimunda Sâmia Nogueira Brilhante
- Department of Pathology and Legal Medicine, Postgraduate Program in Medical Microbiology, Specialized Medical Mycology Center, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Lucas Pereira de Alencar
- Department of Pathology and Legal Medicine, Postgraduate Program in Medical Microbiology, Specialized Medical Mycology Center, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Silviane Praciano Bandeira
- Department of Pathology and Legal Medicine, Postgraduate Program in Medical Microbiology, Specialized Medical Mycology Center, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Jamille Alencar Sales
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Postgraduate Program in Veterinary Sciences, State University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Antônio José de Jesus Evangelista
- Department of Pathology and Legal Medicine, Postgraduate Program in Medical Microbiology, Specialized Medical Mycology Center, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Rosana Serpa
- Department of Pathology and Legal Medicine, Postgraduate Program in Medical Microbiology, Specialized Medical Mycology Center, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Rossana de Aguiar Cordeiro
- Department of Pathology and Legal Medicine, Postgraduate Program in Medical Microbiology, Specialized Medical Mycology Center, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Waldemiro de Aquino Pereira-Neto
- Department of Pathology and Legal Medicine, Postgraduate Program in Medical Microbiology, Specialized Medical Mycology Center, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - José Júlio Costa Sidrim
- Department of Pathology and Legal Medicine, Postgraduate Program in Medical Microbiology, Specialized Medical Mycology Center, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Débora de Souza Collares Maia Castelo-Branco
- Department of Pathology and Legal Medicine, Postgraduate Program in Medical Microbiology, Specialized Medical Mycology Center, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil.
| | - Marcos Fábio Gadelha Rocha
- Department of Pathology and Legal Medicine, Postgraduate Program in Medical Microbiology, Specialized Medical Mycology Center, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil; School of Veterinary Medicine, Postgraduate Program in Veterinary Sciences, State University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
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Sidrim JJC, Carvalho VL, de Souza Collares Maia Castelo-Branco D, Brilhante RSN, de Melo Guedes GM, Barbosa GR, Lazzarini SM, Oliveira DCR, de Meirelles ACO, Attademo FLN, da Bôaviagem Freire AC, de Aquino Pereira-Neto W, de Aguiar Cordeiro R, Moreira JLB, Rocha MFG. Antifungal Resistance and Virulence Among Candida spp. from Captive Amazonian manatees and West Indian Manatees: Potential Impacts on Animal and Environmental Health. ECOHEALTH 2016; 13:328-338. [PMID: 26813966 DOI: 10.1007/s10393-015-1090-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2015] [Revised: 11/27/2015] [Accepted: 12/04/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
This work aimed at evaluating the antifungal susceptibility and production of virulence factors by Candida spp. isolated from sirenians in Brazil. The isolates (n = 105) were recovered from the natural cavities of Amazonian and West Indian manatees and were tested for the susceptibility to amphotericin B, itraconazole, and fluconazole and for the production of phospholipases, proteases, and biofilm. The minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) for amphotericin B ranged from 0.03 to 1 µg/mL, and no resistant isolates were detected. Itraconazole and fluconazole MICs ranged from 0.03 to 16 µg/mL and from 0.125 to 64 µg/mL, respectively, and 35.2% (37/105) of the isolates were resistant to at least one of these azole drugs. Concerning the production of virulence factors, phospholipase activity was observed in 67.6% (71/105) of the isolates, while protease activity and biofilm production were detected in 50.5% (53/105) and 32.4% (34/105) of the isolates, respectively. Since the natural cavities of manatees are colonized by resistant and virulent strains of Candida spp., these animals can act as sources of resistance and virulence genes for the environment, conspecifics and other animal species, demonstrating the potential environmental impacts associated with their release back into their natural habitat.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Júlio Costa Sidrim
- Centro Especializado em Micologia Médica (CEMM), Universidade Federal do Ceará (UFC), Rua Coronel Nunes de Melo, 1315, Rodolfo Teófilo, Fortaleza, Ceará, 60430-27, Brazil
| | - Vitor Luz Carvalho
- Centro Especializado em Micologia Médica (CEMM), Universidade Federal do Ceará (UFC), Rua Coronel Nunes de Melo, 1315, Rodolfo Teófilo, Fortaleza, Ceará, 60430-27, Brazil
- Associação de Pesquisa e Preservação de Ecossistemas Aquáticos (AQUASIS), Caucaia, Ceará, Brazil
| | | | - Raimunda Sâmia Nogueira Brilhante
- Centro Especializado em Micologia Médica (CEMM), Universidade Federal do Ceará (UFC), Rua Coronel Nunes de Melo, 1315, Rodolfo Teófilo, Fortaleza, Ceará, 60430-27, Brazil.
| | - Gláucia Morgana de Melo Guedes
- Centro Especializado em Micologia Médica (CEMM), Universidade Federal do Ceará (UFC), Rua Coronel Nunes de Melo, 1315, Rodolfo Teófilo, Fortaleza, Ceará, 60430-27, Brazil
| | - Giovanna Riello Barbosa
- Centro Especializado em Micologia Médica (CEMM), Universidade Federal do Ceará (UFC), Rua Coronel Nunes de Melo, 1315, Rodolfo Teófilo, Fortaleza, Ceará, 60430-27, Brazil
| | - Stella Maris Lazzarini
- Centro de Preservação e Pesquisa de Mamíferos Aquáticos (CPPMA) da Eletrobras Amazonas Energia, Distrito de Balbina, Presidente Figueiredo, Amazonas, Brazil
| | - Daniella Carvalho Ribeiro Oliveira
- Centro de Preservação e Pesquisa de Mamíferos Aquáticos (CPPMA) da Eletrobras Amazonas Energia, Distrito de Balbina, Presidente Figueiredo, Amazonas, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | - Rossana de Aguiar Cordeiro
- Centro Especializado em Micologia Médica (CEMM), Universidade Federal do Ceará (UFC), Rua Coronel Nunes de Melo, 1315, Rodolfo Teófilo, Fortaleza, Ceará, 60430-27, Brazil
| | - José Luciano Bezerra Moreira
- Centro Especializado em Micologia Médica (CEMM), Universidade Federal do Ceará (UFC), Rua Coronel Nunes de Melo, 1315, Rodolfo Teófilo, Fortaleza, Ceará, 60430-27, Brazil
| | - Marcos Fábio Gadelha Rocha
- Centro Especializado em Micologia Médica (CEMM), Universidade Federal do Ceará (UFC), Rua Coronel Nunes de Melo, 1315, Rodolfo Teófilo, Fortaleza, Ceará, 60430-27, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Veterinárias (PPGCV), Faculdade de Veterinária, Universidade Estadual do Ceará (UECE), Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
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