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Fry SE, Kaye M, Missan DS, Becker C, Shabilla M, Martinez D, Bossert E, Ellis J. Microbial community profiling by next-generation DNA sequencing of adenocarcinoma of the prostate with evidence of ochratoxin A producing fungi. Exp Mol Pathol 2022; 128:104831. [PMID: 36100037 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexmp.2022.104831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2021] [Revised: 07/12/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prostatic carcinomas are a leading cancer and leading cause of mortality in the developed world. The etiology is diverse with underlying patient genetics, environmental factors, and microbial associations. Sequencing DNA for microbes allows the detection of potential disease relationships. OBJECTIVE Targeted 16S (prokaryotic) and 18S (eukaryotic) rDNA sequencing was performed to map the tumor microbial flora. DESIGN Twelve patients undergoing elective laparoscopic prostatectomy for biopsy proven adenocarcinoma of the prostate were enrolled. PCR and amplicon based sequencing was conducted; a portion of the sequencing results were confirmed by special stains. SETTING Patients were recruited by the urologist were prospectively scheduled for radical prostatectomy by 'Da Vinci' robotically assisted procedure in an outpatient setting. Samples were portioned in the hospital surgical suite at the time of prostatectomy. PARTICIPANTS Male patients were requested to enter the study on a first come basis. OUTCOME MEASUREMENT AND STATISTICAL ANALYSIS Average age of the 12 participants was 64.3 years. RESULTS AND LIMITATIONS DNA reads were detected and by 'best match' were identified belonging to Perkinsus, Hydrurus, Diversispora and Funneliformis genera, few samples displayed bacteria. Out of the 12 total patients, 11 patients had detectable DNA sequences matching arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in the Glomeromycetes Class; Funneliformis mosseae and Diversasporum versiformis. Specific PCR for arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi failed to confirm Glomeromycetes Class; in-depth taxonomic analysis suggests a newer fungal grouping, not falling within an accepted Phylum of fungi. Calcoflour white staining of histological sections confirmed potential fungal markers in all 12 cases. Ochratoxin A antigen was identified by immunofluorescence in all 12 patient samples. The study was limited by the low sample volume and disease free normal controls. CONCLUSIONS Fungi may play a significant role in adenocarcinoma of the prostate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen E Fry
- Fry Laboratories, LLC, Scottsdale, AZ, United States of America.
| | - Mitchell Kaye
- Scottsdale Urology, Scottsdale, AZ, United States of America
| | - Dara S Missan
- Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, AZ, United States of America
| | | | | | - Delyn Martinez
- Tricore Laboratory, Albuquerque Community Hospital, Albuquerque, NM, United States of America
| | - Erin Bossert
- Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, AZ, United States of America
| | - Jeremy Ellis
- Fry Laboratories, LLC, Scottsdale, AZ, United States of America
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Physiological and Morphological Responses of Okra (Abelmoschus esculentus L.) to Rhizoglomus irregulare Inoculation under Ample Water and Drought Stress Conditions Are Cultivar Dependent. PLANTS 2021; 11:plants11010089. [PMID: 35009090 PMCID: PMC8747534 DOI: 10.3390/plants11010089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2021] [Revised: 12/06/2021] [Accepted: 12/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Okra is an important crop species for smallholder farmers in many tropical and subtropical regions of the world. Its interaction with mycorrhiza has been rarely studied, and little is known about its mycorrhizal dependency, especially under drought stress. In a glasshouse experiment, we investigated the effect of Arbuscular Mycorrhiza Fungi (AMF) inoculation on growth, evapotranspiration, mineral nutrition and root morphology of five okra cultivars under ample water and drought stress conditions. ‘Khartoumia’, ‘HSD6719’, ‘HSD7058’, ‘Sarah’ and ‘Clemson Spineless’-cultivars commonly used by farmers in Sudan were chosen for their geographical, morphological and breeding background variations. The plants were either inoculated with R. irregulare or mock-inoculated. Seven weeks after seeding, the soil–water content was either maintained at 20% w/w or reduced to 10% w/w to impose drought stress. Drought stress resulted in plant P deficiency and decreased shoot dry biomass (DB), especially in HSD7058 and Clemson Spineless (69% and 56% decrease in shoot DB, in the respective cultivars). Plant inoculation with AMF greatly enhanced the shoot total content of P and the total DB in all treatments. The mycorrhizal dependency (MD)—the degree of total plant DB change associated with AM colonization—differed among the cultivars, irrespective of the irrigation treatment. Key determinants of MD were the root phenotype traits. Khartoumia (with the highest MD) had the lowest root DB, root-to-shoot ratio, and specific root length (SRL). Meanwhile, HSD6719 (with the lowest MD) had the highest respective root traits. Moreover, our data suggest a relationship between breeding background and MD. The improved cultivar Khartoumia showed the highest MD compared with the wild-type Sarah and the HSD7058 and HSD6719 landraces (higher MD by 46%, 17% and 32%, respectively). Interestingly, the drought-affected HSD7058 and Clemson Spineless exhibited higher MD (by 27% and 15%, respectively) under water-deficiency compared to ample water conditions. In conclusion, the mediation of drought stress in the okra plant species by AMF inoculation is cultivar dependent. The presence of AMF propagules in the field soil might be important for increasing yield production of high MD and drought susceptible cultivars, especially under drought/low P environments.
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Stahlhut KN, Dowell JA, Temme AA, Burke JM, Goolsby EW, Mason CM. Genetic control of arbuscular mycorrhizal colonization by Rhizophagus intraradices in Helianthus annuus (L.). MYCORRHIZA 2021; 31:723-734. [PMID: 34480215 DOI: 10.1007/s00572-021-01050-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Accepted: 08/19/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Plant symbiosis with arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi provides many benefits, including increased nutrient uptake, drought tolerance, and belowground pathogen resistance. To develop a better understanding of the genetic architecture of mycorrhizal symbiosis, we conducted a genome-wide association study (GWAS) of this plant-fungal interaction in cultivated sunflower. A diversity panel of cultivated sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) was phenotyped for root colonization under inoculation with the AM fungus Rhizophagus intraradices. Using a mixed linear model approach with a high-density genetic map, we identified genomic regions that are likely associated with R. intraradices colonization in sunflower. Additionally, we used a set of twelve diverse lines to assess the effect that inoculation with R. intraradices has on dried shoot biomass and macronutrient uptake. Colonization among lines in the mapping panel ranged from 0-70% and was not correlated with mycorrhizal growth response, shoot phosphorus response, or shoot potassium response among the Core 12 lines. Association mapping yielded three single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) that were significantly associated with R. intraradices colonization. This is the first study to use GWAS to identify genomic regions associated with AM colonization in an Asterid eudicot species. Three genes of interest identified from the regions containing these SNPs are likely related to plant defense.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jordan A Dowell
- Department of Biology, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, 32816, USA
| | - Andries A Temme
- Department of Plant Biology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, 30602, USA
| | - John M Burke
- Department of Plant Biology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, 30602, USA
| | - Eric W Goolsby
- Department of Biology, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, 32816, USA
| | - Chase M Mason
- Department of Biology, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, 32816, USA.
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Salloum MS, Insani M, Monteoliva MI, Menduni MF, Silvente S, Carrari F, Luna C. Metabolic responses to arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi are shifted in roots of contrasting soybean genotypes. MYCORRHIZA 2019; 29:459-473. [PMID: 31410554 DOI: 10.1007/s00572-019-00909-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2019] [Accepted: 07/29/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Modern breeding programs have reduced genetic variability and might have caused a reduction in plant colonization by arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AM). In our previous studies, mycorrhizal colonization was affected in improved soybean genotypes, mainly arbuscule formation. Despite substantial knowledge of the symbiosis-related changes of the transcriptome and proteome, only sparse clues regarding metabolite alterations are available. Here, we evaluated metabolite changes between improved (I-1) and unimproved (UI-4) soybean genotypes and also compare their metabolic responses after AM root colonization. Soybean genotypes inoculated or not with AM were grown in a chamber under controlled light and temperature conditions. At 20 days after inoculation, we evaluated soluble metabolites of each genotype and treatment measured by GC-MS. In this analysis, when comparing non-AM roots between genotypes, I-1 had a lower amount of 31 and higher amount of only 4 metabolites than the UI-4 genotype. When comparing AM roots, I-1 had a lower amount of 36 and higher amount of 4 metabolites than UI-4 (different to those found altered in non-AM treated plants). Lastly, comparing the AM vs non-AM treatments, I-1 had increased levels of three and reduced levels of 24 metabolites, while UI-4 only had levels of 12 metabolites reduced by the effect of mycorrhizas. We found the major changes in sugars, polyols, amino acids, and carboxylic acids. In a targeted analysis, we found lower levels of isoflavonoids and alpha-tocopherol and higher levels of malondialdehyde in the I-1 genotype that can affect soybean-AM symbiosis. Our studies have the potential to support improving soybean with a greater capacity to be colonized and responsive to AM interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Soraya Salloum
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Instituto de Fisiología y Recursos Genéticos Vegetales (IFRGV), Centro de Investigación Agropecuaria (CIAP),, Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA), Camino 60 Cuadras km. 5.5, CP 5119, Córdoba, Argentina.
| | - Marina Insani
- Instituto de Biotecnología, CICVyA, Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA), Nicolás Repetto y de los Reseros s/n, 1686, Hurlingham, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Mariela Inés Monteoliva
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Instituto de Fisiología y Recursos Genéticos Vegetales (IFRGV), Centro de Investigación Agropecuaria (CIAP),, Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA), Camino 60 Cuadras km. 5.5, CP 5119, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - María Florencia Menduni
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Fondo para la Investigación Científica y Tecnológica (FONCyT), Instituto de Fisiología y Recursos Genéticos Vegetales (IFRGV), Centro de Investigación Agropecuaria (CIAP),, Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA),, Camino 60 Cuadras km. 5.5, CP 5119, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Sonia Silvente
- Instituto de Ambiente de Montaña y Regiones Áridas (IAMRA), Universidad Nacional de Chilecito (UNdeC), Av Los Peregrinos s/n, Chilecito, F5360CKB, La Rioja, Argentina
| | - Fernando Carrari
- Instituto de Fisiología, Biología Molecular y Neurociencias (IFIBYNE-UBA-CONICET) Ciudad Universitaria, C1428EHA, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Facultad de Agronomía, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Celina Luna
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Instituto de Fisiología y Recursos Genéticos Vegetales (IFRGV), Centro de Investigación Agropecuaria (CIAP),, Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA), Camino 60 Cuadras km. 5.5, CP 5119, Córdoba, Argentina
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Li J, Sun Y, Jiang X, Chen B, Zhang X. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi alleviate arsenic toxicity to Medicago sativa by influencing arsenic speciation and partitioning. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2018; 157:235-243. [PMID: 29625397 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2018.03.073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2017] [Revised: 03/25/2018] [Accepted: 03/26/2018] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
In a pot experiment, Medicago sativa inoculated with/without arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungus Rhizophagus irregularis were grown in four levels (0, 10, 25, and 75 mg/kg) of arsenic (As)-polluted soil to investigate the influences of AM symbiosis on plant As tolerance. The results showed that mycorrhizal inoculation significantly increased plant biomass, while As addition decreased mycorrhizal colonization and hyphal length density. Mycorrhizal inoculation dramatically improved plant phosphorus (P) nutrition, restricted As uptake and retained more As in roots by upregulating the expression of the AM-induced P transporter gene MsPT4 and the metallothionein gene MsMT2. High soil As content downregulated MsPT4 expression. Dimethylarsenic acid (DMA) was detected only in the shoots of mycorrhizal plants, indicating that AM fungi likely play an essential role in As detoxification by biological methylation. The present investigation allowed deeper insights into the As detoxification mechanisms of AM associations and demonstrated the important role of AM fungi in plant resistance under As-contaminated conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinglong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 18, Shuangqing Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yuqing Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 18, Shuangqing Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xuelian Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 18, Shuangqing Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Baodong Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 18, Shuangqing Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 18, Shuangqing Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100085, China.
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Salloum MS, Menduni MF, Benavides MP, Larrauri M, Luna CM, Silvente S. Polyamines and flavonoids: key compounds in mycorrhizal colonization of improved and unimproved soybean genotypes. Symbiosis 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s13199-018-0558-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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