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Gollop R, Kroupitski Y, Matz I, Chahar M, Shemesh M, Sela Saldinger S. Bacillus strain BX77: a potential biocontrol agent for use against foodborne pathogens in alfalfa sprouts. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2024; 15:1287184. [PMID: 38313804 PMCID: PMC10834763 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2024.1287184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 02/06/2024]
Abstract
Despite regulatory and technological measures, edible sprouts are still often involved in foodborne illness and are considered a high-risk food. The present study explored the potential of spore-forming Bacillus isolates to mitigate Salmonella and Escherichia coli contamination of alfalfa sprouts. Food-derived Bacillus strains were screened for antagonistic activity against S. enterica serovar Typhimurium SL1344 (STm) and enteropathogenic E. coli O55:H7. Over 4 days of sprouting, levels of STm and E. coli on contaminated seeds increased from 2.0 log CFU/g to 8.0 and 3.9 log CFU/g, respectively. Treatment of the contaminated seeds with the most active Bacillus isolate, strain BX77, at 7 log CFU/g seeds resulted in substantial reductions in the levels of STm (5.8 CFU/g) and E. coli (3.9 log CFU/g) in the sprouted seeds, compared to the control. Similarly, co-culturing STm and BX77 in sterilized sprout extract at the same ratio resulted in growth inhibition and killed the Salmonella. Confocal-microscopy experiments using seeds supplemented with mCherry-tagged Salmonella revealed massive colonization of the seed coat and the root tip of 4-day-old sprouted seeds. In contrast, very few Salmonella cells were observed in sprouted seeds grown with BX77. Ca-hypochlorite disinfection of seeds contaminated with a relatively high concentration of Salmonella (5.0 log CFU/g) or treated with BX77 revealed a mild inhibitory effect. However, disinfection followed by the addition of BX77 had a synergistic effect, with a substantial reduction in Salmonella counts (7.8 log CFU/g) as compared to untreated seeds. These results suggest that a combination of chemical and biological treatments warrants further study, toward its potential application as a multi-hurdle strategy to mitigate Salmonella contamination of sprouted alfalfa seeds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel Gollop
- Department of Food Science, Institute for Postharvest and Food Science, The Volcani Institute, Agriculture Research Organization, Rishon LeZion, Israel
| | - Yulia Kroupitski
- Department of Food Science, Institute for Postharvest and Food Science, The Volcani Institute, Agriculture Research Organization, Rishon LeZion, Israel
| | - Ilana Matz
- Department of Food Science, Institute for Postharvest and Food Science, The Volcani Institute, Agriculture Research Organization, Rishon LeZion, Israel
| | - Madhvi Chahar
- Department of Food Science, Institute for Postharvest and Food Science, The Volcani Institute, Agriculture Research Organization, Rishon LeZion, Israel
- Current address: Department of Bio & Nano Technology, Guru Jambheshwar University of Science & Technology, Hisar, India
| | - Moshe Shemesh
- Department of Food Science, Institute for Postharvest and Food Science, The Volcani Institute, Agriculture Research Organization, Rishon LeZion, Israel
| | - Shlomo Sela Saldinger
- Department of Food Science, Institute for Postharvest and Food Science, The Volcani Institute, Agriculture Research Organization, Rishon LeZion, Israel
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Dong Q, Liu Q, Goodwin PH, Deng X, Xu W, Xia M, Zhang J, Sun R, Wu C, Wang Q, Wu K, Yang L. Isolation and Genome-Based Characterization of Biocontrol Potential of Bacillus siamensis YB-1631 against Wheat Crown Rot Caused by Fusarium pseudograminearum. J Fungi (Basel) 2023; 9:jof9050547. [PMID: 37233258 DOI: 10.3390/jof9050547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2023] [Revised: 04/18/2023] [Accepted: 05/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Fusarium crown rot (FCR) caused by Fusarium pseudograminearum is one of the most serious soil-borne diseases of wheat. Among 58 bacterial isolates from the rhizosphere soil of winter wheat seedlings, strain YB-1631 was found to have the highest in vitro antagonism to F. pseudograminearum growth. LB cell-free culture filtrates inhibited mycelial growth and conidia germination of F. pseudograminearum by 84.14% and 92.23%, respectively. The culture filtrate caused distortion and disruption of the cells. Using a face-to-face plate assay, volatile substances produced by YB-1631 inhibited F. pseudograminearum growth by 68.16%. In the greenhouse, YB-1631 reduced the incidence of FCR on wheat seedlings by 84.02% and increased root and shoot fresh weights by 20.94% and 9.63%, respectively. YB-1631 was identified as Bacillus siamensis based on the gyrB sequence and average nucleotide identity of the complete genome. The complete genome was 4,090,312 bp with 4357 genes and 45.92% GC content. In the genome, genes were identified for root colonization, including those for chemotaxis and biofilm production, genes for plant growth promotion, including those for phytohormones and nutrient assimilation, and genes for biocontrol activity, including those for siderophores, extracellular hydrolase, volatiles, nonribosomal peptides, polyketide antibiotics, and elicitors of induced systemic resistance. In vitro production of siderophore, β-1, 3-glucanase, amylase, protease, cellulase, phosphorus solubilization, and indole acetic acid were detected. Bacillus siamensis YB-1631 appears to have significant potential in promoting wheat growth and controlling wheat FCR caused by F. pseudograminearum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianqian Dong
- College of Life Sciences, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China
- Institute of Plant Protection Research, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Henan Agricultural Microbiology Innovation Center, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Qingxiang Liu
- College of Life Sciences, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China
- Institute of Plant Protection Research, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Henan Agricultural Microbiology Innovation Center, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Paul H Goodwin
- School of Environmental Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Xiaoxu Deng
- Institute of Plant Protection Research, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Henan Agricultural Microbiology Innovation Center, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Wen Xu
- Institute of Plant Protection Research, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Henan Agricultural Microbiology Innovation Center, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Mingcong Xia
- Institute of Plant Protection Research, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Henan Agricultural Microbiology Innovation Center, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Jie Zhang
- Institute of Plant Protection Research, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Henan Agricultural Microbiology Innovation Center, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Runhong Sun
- Institute of Plant Protection Research, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Henan Agricultural Microbiology Innovation Center, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Chao Wu
- Institute of Plant Protection Research, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Henan Agricultural Microbiology Innovation Center, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Qi Wang
- College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Kun Wu
- College of Life Sciences, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Lirong Yang
- Institute of Plant Protection Research, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Henan Agricultural Microbiology Innovation Center, Zhengzhou 450002, China
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Wang Z, Liu C, Shi Y, Huang M, Song Z, Simal-Gandara J, Li N, Shi J. Classification, application, multifarious activities and production improvement of lipopeptides produced by Bacillus. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2023:1-14. [PMID: 36876514 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2023.2185588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/07/2023]
Abstract
Lipopeptides, a class of compounds consisting of a peptide ring and a fatty acid chain, are secondary metabolites produced by Bacillus spp. As their hydrophilic and oleophilic properties, lipopeptides are widely used in food, medicine, environment and other industrial or agricultural fields. Compared with artificial synthetic surfactants, microbial lipopeptides have the advantages of low toxicity, high efficiency and versatility, resulting in urgent market demand and broad development prospect of lipopeptides. However, due to the complex metabolic network and precursor requirements of synthesis, the specific and strict synthesis pathway, and the coexistence of multiple homologous substances, the production of lipopeptides by microorganisms has the problems of high cost and low production efficiency, limiting the mass production of lipopeptides and large-scale application in industry. This review summarizes the types of Bacillus-produced lipopeptides and their biosynthetic pathways, introduces the versatility of lipopeptides, and describes the methods to improve the production of lipopeptides, including genetic engineering and optimization of fermentation conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhimin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Food Processing Technology and Quality Control in Shandong Province, College of Food Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China
| | - Chao Liu
- Key Laboratory of Novel Food Resources Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Key Laboratory of Agro-Products Processing Technology of Shandong Province/Institute of Agro-Food Science and Technology, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, PR China
| | - Yingying Shi
- Key Laboratory of Food Processing Technology and Quality Control in Shandong Province, College of Food Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China
| | - Mingming Huang
- Key Laboratory of Food Processing Technology and Quality Control in Shandong Province, College of Food Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China
| | - Zunyang Song
- Key Laboratory of Food Processing Technology and Quality Control in Shandong Province, College of Food Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China
| | - Jesus Simal-Gandara
- Universidade de Vigo, Nutrition and Bromatology Group, Analytical Chemistry and Food Science Department, Faculty of Science, Ourense, Spain
| | - Ningyang Li
- Key Laboratory of Food Processing Technology and Quality Control in Shandong Province, College of Food Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China
| | - Jingying Shi
- Key Laboratory of Food Processing Technology and Quality Control in Shandong Province, College of Food Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China
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Sreedharan SM, Rishi N, Singh R. Microbial Lipopeptides: Properties, Mechanics and Engineering for Novel Lipopeptides. Microbiol Res 2023; 271:127363. [PMID: 36989760 DOI: 10.1016/j.micres.2023.127363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2022] [Revised: 12/04/2022] [Accepted: 03/11/2023] [Indexed: 03/17/2023]
Abstract
Microorganisms produce active surface agents called lipopeptides (LPs) which are amphiphilic in nature. They are cyclic or linear compounds and are predominantly isolated from Bacillus and Pseudomonas species. LPs show antimicrobial activity towards various plant pathogens and act by inhibiting the growth of these organisms. Several mechanisms are exhibited by LPs, such as cell membrane disruption, biofilm production, induced systematic resistance, improving plant growth, inhibition of spores, etc., making them suitable as biocontrol agents and highly advantageous for industrial utilization. The biosynthesis of lipopeptides involves large multimodular enzymes referred to as non-ribosomal peptide synthases. These enzymes unveil a broad range of engineering approaches through which lipopeptides can be overproduced and new LPs can be generated asserting high efficacy. Such approaches involve several synthetic biology systems and metabolic engineering techniques such as promotor engineering, enhanced precursor availability, condensation domain engineering, and adenylation domain engineering. Finally, this review provides an update of the applications of lipopeptides in various fields.
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Bertuzzi T, Leni G, Bulla G, Giorni P. Reduction of Mycotoxigenic Fungi Growth and Their Mycotoxin Production by Bacillus subtilis QST 713. Toxins (Basel) 2022; 14:toxins14110797. [PMID: 36422971 PMCID: PMC9694810 DOI: 10.3390/toxins14110797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2022] [Revised: 11/12/2022] [Accepted: 11/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The use of chemical pesticides to control the occurrence of mycotoxigenic fungi in crops has led to environmental and human health issues, driving the agriculture sector to a more sustainable system. Biocontrol agents such as Bacillus strains and their antimicrobial metabolites have been proposed as alternatives to chemical pesticides. In the present work, a broth obtained from a commercial product containing Bacillus subtilis QST 713 was tested for its ability to inhibit the growth of mycotoxigenic fungi as well as reduce their mycotoxin production. Mass spectrometry analysis of Bacillus subtilis broth allowed to detect the presence of 14 different lipopeptides, belonging to the iturin, fengycin, and surfactin families, already known for their antifungal properties. Bacillus subtilis broth demonstrated to be a useful tool to inhibit the growth of some of the most important mycotoxigenic fungi such as Aspergillus flavus, Fusarium verticillioides, Fusarium graminearum, Aspergillus carbonarius, and Alternaria alternata. In addition, cell-free Bacillus subtilis broth provided the most promising results against the growth of Fusarium graminearum and Alternaria alternata, where the radial growth was reduced up to 86% with respect to the untreated test. With regard to the mycotoxin reduction, raw Bacillus subtilis broth completely inhibited the production of aflatoxin B1, deoxynivalenol, zearalenone, and tenuazonic acid. Cell-free broth provided promising inhibitory properties toward all of the target mycotoxins, even if the results were less promising than the corresponding raw broth. In conclusion, this work showed that a commercial Bacillus subtilis, characterized by the presence of different lipopeptides, was able to reduce the growth of the main mycotoxigenic fungi and inhibit the production of related mycotoxins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Terenzio Bertuzzi
- Department of Animal Science, Food and Nutrition, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 29122 Piacenza, Italy
| | - Giulia Leni
- Department of Animal Science, Food and Nutrition, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 29122 Piacenza, Italy
- Correspondence:
| | - Giulia Bulla
- Department of Sustainable Crop Production, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 29122 Piacenza, Italy
| | - Paola Giorni
- Department of Sustainable Crop Production, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 29122 Piacenza, Italy
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Zhang Y, Li Y, Liang S, Zheng W, Chen X, Liu J, Wang A. Study on the Preparation and Effect of Tomato Seedling Disease Biocontrol Compound Seed-Coating Agent. Life (Basel) 2022; 12:849. [PMID: 35743880 PMCID: PMC9225546 DOI: 10.3390/life12060849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2022] [Revised: 05/27/2022] [Accepted: 05/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Tomato damping-off and root rot are the two most common diseases of tomatoes at the seedling stage. At present, biological compound seed-coating agents are gradually replacing chemical agents in preventing and controlling plant diseases and insect pests, regulating plant growth, and ensuring crop yields. In this study, five biocontrol bacteria (Bacillus amyloliquefaciens (Ba), Bacillus subtilis (Bs wy-1), Bacillus subtilis (WXCDD105), Pseudomonas fluorescens (WXCDD51), and Bacillus velezensis (WZ-37)), with broad antibacterial spectra were mixed with auxiliary factors (inactive components of seed-coating agent) after fermentation to compound a seed-coating agent. In this study, the formula for a compound seed-coating agent was selected through orthogonal experiment. Gaseous silica was used as a thickener, and gum arabic and sodium dodecylbenzene sulfonate were used as a film-forming agent and dispersant, respectively. The mass of fumed silica, gum arabic, sodium dodecylbenzene sulfonate, and pearlescent powder was 1.3 g, 1 g, 0.05 g, and 0.5 g, respectively. Adding gibberellin can improve the ability of seed-coating agents to promote seed germination and plant growth. This showed high efficiency in preventing and controlling seedling diseases and promoting seedling growth. After 6 days of inoculation with Pythium aphanidermatum, which caused tomato damping-off disease, the seedling mortality rate was 26.7% lower than that of the sterile water control, and 20% lower than that of carbendazim. After 21 days of inoculation with Fusarium sp., which caused tomato root rot disease, the seedling mortality rate was 44.31% lower than that of the control, and 22.36% lower than that of carbendazim. The plant height, stem diameter, root length, fresh weight, and dry weight of tomato seeds treated with biological compound seed-coating agent were significantly higher than that of the control. We tested the shelf life of the biological compound seed-coating agent, and found that the effect of seed germination and radicle growth did not decrease. This research provides information on the production technology and application of biological seed-coating agents in tomato production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao Zhang
- College of Life Sciences, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China; (Y.Z.); (Y.L.); (S.L.); (W.Z.)
| | - Yingying Li
- College of Life Sciences, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China; (Y.Z.); (Y.L.); (S.L.); (W.Z.)
| | - Sibo Liang
- College of Life Sciences, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China; (Y.Z.); (Y.L.); (S.L.); (W.Z.)
| | - Wei Zheng
- College of Life Sciences, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China; (Y.Z.); (Y.L.); (S.L.); (W.Z.)
| | - Xiuling Chen
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China;
| | - Jiayin Liu
- College of Sciences, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China;
| | - Aoxue Wang
- College of Life Sciences, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China; (Y.Z.); (Y.L.); (S.L.); (W.Z.)
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China;
- College of Sciences, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China;
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