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Gilbert AK, Newton TD, Hettiaratchi MH, Pluth MD. Reactive sulfur and selenium species in the regulation of bone homeostasis. Free Radic Biol Med 2022; 190:148-157. [PMID: 35940516 PMCID: PMC9893879 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2022.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2022] [Revised: 07/20/2022] [Accepted: 08/01/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are important modulators of physiological signaling and play important roles in bone tissue regulation. Both reactive sulfur species (RSS) and reactive selenium species (RSeS) are involved in ROS signaling, and recent work suggests RSS and RSeS involvement in the regulation of bone homeostasis. For example, RSS can promote osteogenic differentiation and decrease osteoclast activity and differentiation, and the antioxidant activity of RSeS play crucial roles in balancing bone remodeling. Here, we outline current research progress on the application of RSS and RSeS in bone disease and regeneration. Focusing on these investigations, we highlight different methods, tools, and sources of RSS and RSeS, and we also highlight future opportunities for delivery of RSS and RSeS in biological environments relating to bone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annie K Gilbert
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Materials Science Institute, Knight Campus for Accelerating Scientific Impact, Institute of Molecular Biology, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR, 97403, United States
| | - Turner D Newton
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Materials Science Institute, Knight Campus for Accelerating Scientific Impact, Institute of Molecular Biology, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR, 97403, United States
| | - Marian H Hettiaratchi
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Materials Science Institute, Knight Campus for Accelerating Scientific Impact, Institute of Molecular Biology, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR, 97403, United States.
| | - Michael D Pluth
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Materials Science Institute, Knight Campus for Accelerating Scientific Impact, Institute of Molecular Biology, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR, 97403, United States.
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2
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Man J, Graham T, Squires-Donelly G, Laslett AL. The effects of microgravity on bone structure and function. NPJ Microgravity 2022; 8:9. [PMID: 35383182 PMCID: PMC8983659 DOI: 10.1038/s41526-022-00194-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2021] [Accepted: 03/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Humans are spending an increasing amount of time in space, where exposure to conditions of microgravity causes 1–2% bone loss per month in astronauts. Through data collected from astronauts, as well as animal and cellular experiments conducted in space, it is evident that microgravity induces skeletal deconditioning in weight-bearing bones. This review identifies contentions in current literature describing the effect of microgravity on non-weight-bearing bones, different bone compartments, as well as the skeletal recovery process in human and animal spaceflight data. Experiments in space are not readily available, and experimental designs are often limited due to logistical and technical reasons. This review introduces a plethora of on-ground research that elucidate the intricate process of bone loss, utilising technology that simulates microgravity. Observations from these studies are largely congruent to data obtained from spaceflight experiments, while offering more insights behind the molecular mechanisms leading to microgravity-induced bone loss. These insights are discussed herein, as well as how that knowledge has contributed to studies of current therapeutic agents. This review also points out discrepancies in existing data, highlighting knowledge gaps in our current understanding. Further dissection of the exact mechanisms of microgravity-induced bone loss will enable the development of more effective preventative and therapeutic measures to protect against bone loss, both in space and possibly on ground.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joey Man
- Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO) Manufacturing, Clayton, Victoria, 3168, Australia. .,Australian Regenerative Medicine Institute, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, 3800, Australia. .,Space Technology Future Science Platform, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO), Clayton, Victoria, 3168, Australia.
| | - Taylor Graham
- Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO) Manufacturing, Clayton, Victoria, 3168, Australia.,Australian Regenerative Medicine Institute, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, 3800, Australia
| | - Georgina Squires-Donelly
- Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO) Manufacturing, Clayton, Victoria, 3168, Australia.,Australian Regenerative Medicine Institute, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, 3800, Australia
| | - Andrew L Laslett
- Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO) Manufacturing, Clayton, Victoria, 3168, Australia. .,Australian Regenerative Medicine Institute, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, 3800, Australia. .,Space Technology Future Science Platform, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO), Clayton, Victoria, 3168, Australia.
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3
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Hao Y, Wang H, Fang L, Bian J, Gao Y, Li C. H2S Donor and Bone Metabolism. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:661601. [PMID: 34366840 PMCID: PMC8339202 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.661601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2021] [Accepted: 07/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) has been recognized as the third gasotransmitter, following nitric oxide and carbon monoxide, and it exerts important biological effects in the body. Growing evidence has shown that H2S is involved in many physiological processes in the body. In recent years, much research has been carried out on the role of H2S in bone metabolism. Bone metabolic diseases have been linked to abnormal endogenous H2S functions and metabolism. It has been found that H2S plays an important role in the regulation of bone diseases such as osteoporosis and osteoarthritis. Regulation of H2S on bone metabolism has many interacting signaling pathways at the molecular level, which play an important role in bone formation and absorption. H2S releasing agents (donors) have achieved significant effects in the treatment of metabolic bone diseases such as osteoporosis and osteoarthritis. In addition, H2S donors and related drugs have been widely used as research tools in basic biomedical research and may be explored as potential therapeutic agents in the future. Donors are used to study the mechanism and function of H2S as they release H2S through different mechanisms. Although H2S releasers have biological activity, their function can be inconsistent. Additionally, donors have different H2S release capabilities, which could lead to different effects. Side effects may form with the formation of H2S; however, it is unclear whether these side effects affect the biological effects of H2S. Therefore, it is necessary to study H2S donors in detail. In this review, we summarize the current information about H2S donors related to bone metabolism diseases and discuss some mechanisms and biological applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanming Hao
- Department of Orthopedics, the First Peoples' Hospital of Kunshan, Kunshan, China
| | - Hongzhen Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, the First Peoples' Hospital of Kunshan, Kunshan, China
| | - Lingna Fang
- Department of Endocrinology, the First Peoples' Hospital of Kunshan, Kunshan, China
| | - Jinsong Bian
- Department of Pharmacology, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yan Gao
- Department of Orthopedics, the First Peoples' Hospital of Kunshan, Kunshan, China
| | - Chong Li
- Department of Orthopedics, the First Peoples' Hospital of Kunshan, Kunshan, China
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He B, Yin X, Hao D, Zhang X, Zhang Z, Zhang K, Yang X. Blockade of IL-6 alleviates bone loss induced by modeled microgravity in mice. Can J Physiol Pharmacol 2020; 98:678-683. [PMID: 32787688 DOI: 10.1139/cjpp-2019-0632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
This study investigated the effects of blockade of IL-6 on bone loss induced by modeled microgravity (MG). Adult male mice were exposed to hind-limb suspension (HLS) and treated with IL-6-neutralizing antibody (IL-6 nAb) for 4 weeks. HLS in mice led to upregulation of IL-6 expression in both sera and femurs. IL-6 nAb treatment in HLS mice significantly alleviated bone loss, evidenced by increased bone mineral density of whole tibia, trabecular thickness and number, bone volume fraction of proximal tibiae, and ultimate load and stiffness of femoral diaphysis. IL-6 nAb treatment in HLS mice significantly enhanced levels of osteocalcin in sera and reduced levels of deoxypyridinoline. In MC3T3-E1 cells exposed to MG in vitro, IL-6 nAb treatment increased mRNA expression and activity of alkaline phosphatase, mRNA expression of osteopontin and runt-related transcription factor 2, and protein levels of osteoprotegerin and decreased protein levels of receptor activator of the NF-κB ligand. In RAW254.7 cells exposed to MG, IL-6 nAb treatment downregulated mRNA expression of cathepsin K and tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) and reduced numbers of TRAP-positive multinucleated osteoclasts. In conclusion, blockade of IL-6 alleviated the bone loss induced by MG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baorong He
- Department of Spine Surgery, Hong Hui Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710054, China
| | - Xinhua Yin
- Department of Spine Surgery, Hong Hui Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710054, China
| | - Dingjun Hao
- Department of Spine Surgery, Hong Hui Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710054, China.,Department of Spine Surgery, Hong Hui Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710054, China
| | - Xuefang Zhang
- Department of Spine Surgery, Hong Hui Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710054, China.,Department of Spine Surgery, Hong Hui Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710054, China
| | - Zhen Zhang
- Department of Spine Surgery, Hong Hui Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710054, China.,Department of Spine Surgery, Hong Hui Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710054, China
| | - Ke Zhang
- Department of Spine Surgery, Hong Hui Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710054, China.,Department of Spine Surgery, Hong Hui Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710054, China
| | - Xiaobin Yang
- Department of Spine Surgery, Hong Hui Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710054, China.,Department of Spine Surgery, Hong Hui Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710054, China
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Nin DS, Idres SB, Song ZJ, Moore PK, Deng LW. Biological Effects of Morpholin-4-Ium 4 Methoxyphenyl (Morpholino) Phosphinodithioate and Other Phosphorothioate-Based Hydrogen Sulfide Donors. Antioxid Redox Signal 2020; 32:145-158. [PMID: 31642346 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2019.7896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Significance: Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) is regarded as the third gasotransmitter along with nitric oxide and carbon monoxide. Extensive studies have demonstrated a variety of biological roles for H2S in neurophysiology, cardiovascular disease, endocrine regulation, and other physiological and pathological processes. Recent Advances: Novel H2S donors have proved useful in understanding the biological functions of H2S, with morpholin-4-ium 4 methoxyphenyl (morpholino) phosphinodithioate (GYY4137) being one of the most common pharmacological tools used. One advantage of GYY4137 over sulfide salts is its ability to release H2S in a slow and sustained manner akin to endogenous H2S production, rather than the delivery of H2S as a single concentrated burst. Critical Issues: Here, we summarize recent progress made in the characterization of the biological activities and pharmacological effects of GYY4137 in a range of in vitro and in vivo systems. Recent developments in the structural modification of GYY4137 to generate new compounds and their biological effects are also discussed. Future Directions: Slow-releasing H2S donor, GYY4137, and other phosphorothioate-based H2S donors are potent tools to study the biological functions of H2S. Despite recent progress, more work needs to be performed on these new compounds to unravel the mechanisms behind H2S release and pace of its discharge, as well as to define the effects of by-products of donors after H2S liberation. This will not only lead to better in-depth understanding of the biological effects of H2S but will also shed light on the future development of a new class of therapeutic agents with potential to treat a wide range of human diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dawn Sijin Nin
- Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Shabana Binte Idres
- Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Zhi Jian Song
- Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Philip K Moore
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Lih-Wen Deng
- Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.,National University Cancer Institute, National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore
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